INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET AND EMAILS

Introduction
The meaning of Internet

The term internet refers to a connection of a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world
via dedicated routers and servers for the purpose of communication. When two computers are
connected over the Internet, you can send and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics,
voice, video, and computer programs.

Introduction
Low cost, high computation power user friendly interfaces in desktops have made computers a very
popular and useful tool for wide areas of activity. This power remains localized at the desktop,
creating an artificial restrictive atmosphere in this age of open interactive systems. Communication
merged with computers makes it possible to share developments, thoughts, and costly resources
resulting in optimum utilization available technology. Any two or more computers connected together
form a computer network, which can share resources and files with each other. Communication
models essentially means an exchange of information using a commonly understood set of norms
known as protocols. Because of varied platforms and internal architecture of the systems, varied
communication architecture is available such as DNA (DEC's Distributed Network Architecture),
SNA (Systems Network Architecture) etc.
International Standards Organisation (ISO) developed a reference model called OSI, Open Systems
Interconnection which permits interconnection of systems of different options by respecting the
standards and protocols of this model. This model consists of seven layers:

Layer 7:
The application layer, provides an interface with the OSI transfer mechanism for the user of an
open system (such as an operator or an application programme).
Layer 6:
The presentation layer, permits systems which exchange data to interpret these independently of
their syntactical representation in the system.
Layer 5:
The session layer, defines the organization of the dialogue between distant applications.

© Pefu
Layer 4:
The transport layer, guarantees a constant quality of service for data transfer to the higher layer,
regardless of the type of network actually used.
Layer 3:
The network layer, defines the protocol capable of routing the data through one or more
intermediate communication nodes.
Layer 2:
The data link layer, permits the exchange of data without change between adjacent equipment.
* Presented at LRC Training Workshop in Jaipur, India (26 Sep. - 5 Oct. 1996)
Layer 1:
The physical layer, provides physical support (the communication channel) to transfer the data
between two pieces of equipment.
Local Area Network (LAN)
Computer networks having a small number of nodes, located either in an office or in a building
normally within a limited geographical area of a few kilometres is called a LAN. Such networks are
owned by organisation themselves. They have high data transfer rates of 10 Mbps (Megabits per
second).
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Computer networks consisting of nodes spread over a wide geographical area like different cities or
far off places is called a WAN. The data transfer speeds are relatively lower. National Informatics
Centre’s NICNET which connects all District and State
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Computer networks consisting of nodes spread over a wide geographical area like different cities or
far off places is called a WAN. The data transfer speeds are relatively lower. National Informatics
Centre’s NICNET which connects all District and State Headquarters is an example of such a WAN.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A need was felt for connecting the LAN owned by various users within one city. This is possible by
laying of optical fibre cables or by laying high speed dedicated telecommunication lines. The MAN
are useful as they handle most of the local data traffic thus reducing the effective WAN load, e.g.,
connecting ministries in New Delhi to the host computer in New Delhi itself.

© Pefu
The wide area network cost is very high and it is more economical to share the network by setting
up close user groups or virtual networks for the organization from the managed data network
services. The local area network owned by the organisation could have the network connected using
routers etc.
Services on Computer Networks
(1) On-Line Databases Access
(2) E-mail
(3) INTERNET
(4) EDI
(5) Remote login facility

1.1 HİSTORY OF INTERNE

The Internet had its roots during the 1960's as a project of the United States government's
Department of Defense, to create a non-centralized network. This project was called ARPANET
(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), created by the Pentagon's Advanced Research
Projects Agency established in 1969 to provide a secure and survivable communications network for
organizations engaged in defense-related research. In order to make the network more global a new
sophisticated and standard protocol was needed. They developed IP (Internet Protocol) technology
which defined how electronic messages were packaged, addressed, and sent over the network. The
standard protocol was invented in 1977 and was called TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP allowed users to link various branches of other complex
networks directly to the ARPANET, which soon came to be called the Internet. Researchers and
academics in other fields began to make use of the network, and eventually the National Science
Foundation (NSF), which had created a similar and parallel network, called NSFNet, took over much
of the TCP/IP technology from ARPANET and established a distributed network of networks capable
of handling far greater traffic. In 1985, NSF began a program to establish Internet access across the
United States. They created a backbone called the NSFNET and opened their doors to all educational
facilities, academic researchers, government agencies, and international research organizations. By
the 1990's the Internet experienced explosive growth. It is estimated that the number of computers
connected to the Internet was doubling every year.

© Pefu
Businesses rapidly realized that, by making effective use of the Internet they could tune their
operations and offer new and better services to their customers, so they started spending vast
amounts of money to develop and enhance the Internet. This generated violent competition among
the communications carriers and hardware and software suppliers to meet this demand. The result
is that bandwidth (i.e., the information carrying capacity of communications lines) on the Internet
has increased tremendously and costs have dropped. It is widely believed that the Internet has played
a significant role in the economic success.

The History of the Internet

Early Innovations

The creation of the Internet is dependent on mankind’s earlier innovations

1836 - Telegraph by Cooke and Wheatstone

• Revolutionized human (tele)communications.

• Morse Code a series of dots and dashes used to communicate between humans. This is similar
to how computers communicate via (binary 0/1) data today. Although it is much slower!!

1858-1866 - Transatlantic cable. Allowed direct instantaneous communication across the Atlantic.
Today, cables connect all continents and are still a main hub of telecommunications

1876 - Telephone. Alexander Graham Bell Exhibits.

• Telephones exchanges provide the backbone of Internet connections today.

• Modems provide Digital to Audio conversions to allow computers to connect over the telephone
network.

• 1940’s to 1980’s - U.S. vs. Soviet Cold War

• 1957 - U.S.S.R. launches Sputnik. The US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to build US skills in computer technology.

• The start of global telecommunications. Satellites play an important role in transmitting all
sorts of data today

© Pefu
• 1957 - In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the
Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the
military.
• 1962 - Dr. J.C.R. Licklider was chosen to head ARPA's research in improving the military's
use of computer technology.
• Licklider was a visionary who sought to make the government's use of computers more
interactive.
• moved ARPA's contracts from the private sector to universities and laid the foundations for
what would become the ARPANET
• 1962-1968 - Packet-switching (PS) networks developed
• The Internet relies on packets to transfer data.
• Data is split into tiny packets that may take different routes to a destination.
• The origin is military : for utmost security in transferring information of networks (no single
outage point).
• More than one route available -- if one route goes down another may be followed.
• Networks can withstand large scale destruction (Nuclear attack - This was the time of the Cold
War).
• 1969 - ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking. The Team included:
• Bob Taylor, a psychoacoustician, was director of the computer research program at the
Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency in 1966 when he hit upon the
idea of lining computers together. He was awarded $1 Million to develop the network.
• Larry Roberts, a pioneer in computer networking at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory. He designed
the original four-node network, which was to be based on packet-switching, as opposed to
circuit-switching.
• 1969 – Four nodes and a test
• First node at UCLA
• soon after at:
• Stanford Research Institute (SRI)
• UCSB
• U of Utah

© Pefu
 • 1969 – To connect these four computers – each with its own “language” – Wes Clark suggested
to Larry Roberts that 4 small computers that spoke the same language be constructed and
connected together.
• The small computers were called Information Message Processors (IMP) [Honeywell 516 mini
computer with 12K of memory] developed by Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN)
• The plan was unprecedented: Kleinrock, a pioneering computer science professor at UCLA,
and his small group of graduate students hoped to log onto the Stanford computer and try to
send it some data.

They would start by typing "login," and seeing if the letters appeared on the far-off monitor. Kleinrock
: "We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI...,"

"We typed the L and we asked on the phone,

"Do you see the L?"
"Yes, we see the L," came the response.
"We typed the O, and we asked, "Do you see the O."
"Yes, we see the O."
"Then we typed the G, and the system crashed"...
Yet a revolution had began"...
Source: Sacramento Bee, May 1, 1996, p.D1
1971 - Ray Tomlinson of BBN invents email program to send messages across a distributed
network. The original program was derived from two others:
• an intra-machine email program (SNDMSG) and an experimental file
• transfer program (CPYNET)
• 15 nodes (23 hosts) on ARPANET.
The first e-mail message??
qwertyuiop
1973 - Global Networking becomes a reality

© Pefu
 First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London (England) and
Royal Radar Establishment (Norway)

1974 - Packets become mode of transfer

• Transmission Control Program (TCP) specified. Packet network Intercommunication -- the

basis of Internet Communication.
• Telenet, a commercial version of ARPANET, opened -- the first public packet data service.
1976 - Networking comes to many
• Queen Elizabeth sends out an e-mail.

1977 - E-mail takes off, Internet becomes a reality

• Number of hosts breaks 100.
• THEORYNET provides electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using a
locally developed E-mail system and TELENET for access to server).

1979 - News Groups born

• Computer Science Department research computer network established in USA.
• USENET established using UUCP.
– A collection of discussions groups, news groups.
– 3 news groups established by the end of the year
– Almost any topic now has a discussion group.
1979 - News Groups born
• Computer Science Department research computer network established in USA.
• USENET established using UUCP.
– USENET still thrives today.
– A collection of discussions groups, news groups.
– 3 news groups established by the end of the year
– Almost any topic now has a discussion group.

© Pefu
 1982 - TCP/IP defines future communication •DCA and ARPA establishes the Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as
TCP/IP, for ARPANET.
• Leads to one of the first definitions of an Internet as a connected set of networks, specifically
those using TCP/IP.

1983 - Internet gets larger

Name server developed.
• There is such a large number of nodes that its hard to remember exact paths
Use meaningful names instead.
1984 - Growth of Internet Continues
• Number of hosts breaks 1,000.
• Domain Name Server (DNS) introduced. Instead of 123.456.789.10 it is easier to remember
something like www.myuniversity.mydept.mynetwork.mycountry
• ( e.g. www.cs.cf.ac.uk).
1986 - Power of Internet Realized
• 5, 000 Hosts. 241 News groups.
• NSFNET created when NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide high-computing
power for all -- This allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities.
1987 - Commercialization of Internet Born
• Number of hosts 28,000.
• UUNET is founded with Usenix funds to provide commercial UUCP and Usenet access.
1988
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) developed
1989 - Large growth in Internet
• Number of hosts breaks 100,000
• First relays between a commercial electronic mail carrier and the Internet
1990 - Expansion of Internet continues
• 300,000 Hosts. 1,000 News groups
• ARPANET ceases to exist
• Archie released files can be searched and retrieved (FTP) by name.

© Pefu
 The World comes on-line (world.std.com), becoming the first commercial provider of Internet
dial-up access
1991 - Friendly User Interface to Internet established
Gopher released by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the U of Minnesota
• Text based, menu-driven interface to access internet resources.
• No need to remember or even know complex computer command. User Friendly Interface (?).
• Largely superseded by WWW, these days.

1992 - Multimedia changes the face of the Internet

• Number of hosts breaks 1 Million. News groups 4,000
• The term "Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly.
1993 - The WWW Revolution truly begins
• Number of Hosts 2 Million. 600 WWW sites.
The Mosaic Web browser is released (by a group of 10 students from U of I at Champaign-
Urbana) on the Net, gaining 2 million and fueling a 341,634% annual growth rate for Web
traffic
1993 - The WWW Revolution truly begins
• The White House opens its Web page and the President gets an e-mail address.
• Business and Media really take notice of the Internet.
• Mosaic takes the Internet by storm.
• User Friendly Graphical Front End to the World Wide Web.
• Develops into Netscape -- most popular WWW browser to date.

The Uses of Internet

The Internet is particularly well-suited in studies on the following areas:

Communication and collaboration example the use of emails

Research, helpful online academic materials can be used in research as references.
Accessing online libraries, online libraries can be accessed via the internet.
Distance learning, and teaching via the Internet

© Pefu
Identify Internet Connections
This is the way users or computers are connected to the internet using different Medias and devices
capable of supporting internet connection.

The following are different types of internet connections:

Dial-Up: Dial-up connections require users to link their phone line to a computer in order to access
the Internet.

Broadband: This high-speed Internet connection is provided through either cable or telephone
companies. One of the fastest options available, broadband Internet uses multiple data channels to
send large quantities of information.
DSL: It stands for Digital Subscriber Line, uses existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to
one’s home so service is delivered at the same time as landline telephone.
Cable: It is a form of broadband access. In cable connections there is a physical connection (cable)
from the internet source to the computer.
Satellite: In certain areas where broadband connection is not yet offered, a satellite Internet option
may be available. Similar to wireless access, satellite connection utilizes a modem.

ISDN: It stands for Integrated Services Digital Network, allows users to send data, voice and video
content over digital telephone lines or standard telephone wires.
Wireless: Radio frequency bands are used in place of telephone or cable networks

Identify internet devices

Internet devices are components that you connect to each other in order to get internet connection.
In order for you to connect to the internet you need the following hardware:

1. Computer

2. Modem

3. Router

4. Network card

© Pefu
5. Ethernet cable

The following are the functions of the asked internet hardware:

The modem receives the internet signals from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) while a router
distributes the internet to internal network devices.

Ethernet cable is a wire used to interconnect internet devices to enable the flow of data from one
device to another. A computer a device that helps you to use internet, in a computer there are
browsers and a network card, an Ethernet port is where you connect Ethernet cable to your computer,
a network card is a device attached into an Ethernet port. A network card has a unique number
called mark address that help to identify your computer on the internet

Creating a Home Internet Connection

To connect a home computer to the internet you will need the following things:
1. A computer

2. A modem

3. A telephone line, is inserted into a modem. It can be obtained from an Internet Service Providers
like Airtel, Vodacom, Tigo TTCL and others.

4. An account with an internet service provider (ISP). This is a registration of your telephone line so
that you can recharge it.

5. Software: a web browser like Internet explorer and Mozilla Firefox.

© Pefu
Internet Browsing
Identify internet software (web browsers)

A web browser is a program you use to view and navigate to the internet documents (website). Web
documents (internet documents) are written in a programming language called Hyper Text Markup
Language (HTML). Browsers interprets the difficult programming language to a normal language that
a user can understand. Therefore, the browser's main function is to display webpages.

The most common web browsers are:

1. Internet Explorer

2. Mozilla Firefox

3. Opera

4. Google chrome

5. Netscape navigator
6. Safari

© Pefu
 Figure: Web browsers

Defining Websites

The Website (Web) is a collection of related pages available on the internet that can be accessed by
your computer from another remote computer (web server). A website can owned by company,
institution or an individual. In order to browse a specific website, you must know its address (URL).
The World Wide Web (WWW) allows computer users to position and view
multimedia-based documents (i.e., documents with text, graphics, animations,
audios and/or videos) on almost any subject. Even though the Internet was
developed more than three decades ago, the introduction of the WWW was a
relatively recent event. In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European
Laboratory for Particle Physics) developed the World Wide Web and several
communication protocols that form the backbone of the WWW.
The Internet and the World Wide Web will surely be listed among the most
significant and profound creations of humankind. In the past, most computer applications ran on
stand alone computers. (i.e., computers that were not
connected to one another) Today’s applications can be written to communicate
among the world’s hundreds of millions of computers. The Internet makes our
work easier by mixing computing and communications technologies. It makes
information immediately and conveniently accessible worldwide. It makes it
possible for individuals and small businesses to get worldwide contact.
In the last decade, the Internet and World Wide Web have altered the way people
communicate, conduct business and manage their daily lives.

© Pefu
They are changing the nature of the way business is done

Definition of a Web Address (URL)

In order for a website to be accessible on the internet it must have a web address or sometime called
Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
Therefore, a web address (URL) can be defined as a path that locates a website of a certain company,
server, or file available on the internet.

For example:

1. www.necta.go.tz, is web address for browsing NECTA website

2. www.un.org, is web address for browsing NECTA website

3. www.google.com, is web address for browsing Google website

4. www.yahoo.com, is web address for browsing yahoo website

Therefore, from above examples, a web address has three or four parts as follows:
1. The www

2. The domain name: this has two or three parts for example necta.go.tz, google.co.tz, un.org,
yahoo.com.
The three-letter domain name suffix is known as a generic top-level domain (e.g com,org, gov, edu,
mil, net). The Generic top-level domain describes the type of organization.

Example of generic top-level domain and their meaning:

.com or co – for business (commercial)
.edu or ac - for educational organization
.org or or - for non-profit organization
.mil - for military
.

© Pefu
.net - for network provider
.gov or go - for government agency
.uk - United Kingdom
.tz - Tanzania

Browsing Websites
Means opening or accessing websites available on the internet in order to view its contents like news,
notes, photos, videos and other useful information. If your computer is properly connected to the
internet you can start browsing web pages.

As an example let us visit the website for the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA)
1. Open the web browser. Example, Internet Explorer.

2. Type the address www.necta.go.tz onto the address bar as shown in Figure 152

Figure: Using the browser to open a website

3. Press enter key on the keyboard.

4. The website opens.

© Pefu
 Figure: Opened website into the browser
Use this example to browse or open other websites.

Hyperlink and Home Page

Hyperlink
Web pages have links (called hyperlinks) that when clicked will take you to other places within the
current site or to other websites.
Links can take the form of underlined text, text in a different colour or they can be image links. When
you hover over a link, a hand (usually) appears.

Home page
This is the first page you see when you open or visit a particular website. Sometime called index
page.

© Pefu
Using Electronic Mail to Communicate
.

The Concepts of an Electronic Mail

An E-mail stands for an electronic mail. It refers to the model of transferring information in the form
similar to traditional means like letters, pictures, documents and so on. In E-mail these information
is now transferred electronically, hence E-mail.

E-mail Account

E-mail account is a service that allows users to provide temporary or permanent email addresses that
help you to store, send and receive electronic messages. Email (Electronic mail) is free and it allows
you to send letters, pictures, documents, music and videos to people all over the world almost
instantly.
E-mail Address

The E-mail address is a name used to identify and reach someone in E-mails. The format of an email
address is user@domain. Example [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].
To receive emails, you will need an Email account and an Email Address. Also, if you want to send
emails to other people, you will need to obtain their email addresses.

Procedures involved in opening up an E-mail

There are many companies you can use to create an email account. In order for you to get a free
email account use one of the following free email provider:

Yahoo! Mail
Steps you can use to create yahoo email account:
1. Visit www.yahoo.com

2. Click mail on yahoo home page

3. Click Create New Account

© Pefu
4. Fill the required information into the form provided

Gmail (Google mail)

Steps you can use to create Gmail email account:
1. Visit www.google.com by typing the address onto the address bar

2. Click Gmail on Google home page

3. Click Create an account

4. Fill the required information into the form provided

As an example, to create a g mail account do as follows step by step:

1. Visit www.google.com by typing the address onto the address bar

2. Click Gmail labelled 1 or click the nine dots labelled 2 and click Gmail shown in Figure

Figure: Google homepage

3. Click Create an account as shown in Figure above

© Pefu
 Figure: Gmail login form

4. Fill the required information into the form provided

© Pefu
 Figure: Registration form for creating Gmail account

After completing the form properly, follow other few steps until you complete the exercise.
What you need to note here are two things (do not forget):

© Pefu
  The Username is the name you choose to identify yourself.
 The Password is secret word you use to enter to your email account so do expose

Figure: The first look of your email account

Managing an E-mail Account

Now, managing E-mail account is very important because it helps you to well mastering an account
such as reading, sending, deleting mails also change account password.

Login/sign in to your Account

The term login or sign in means entering to your email account to see, read and send messages. To
login to your Gmail account follow the following steps:
1. Open www.google.com

2. Click Gmail

3. Enter your username or email address and a password

© Pefu
 Figure: Signing in or entering to your account for registered users

4. Click sign in to enter to your account

To read a mail or message in your inbox
1. Double click on the message you want to read

Figure: The inbox messages

1. The message will open as shown in figure above

© Pefu
 Figure: Reading opened mail and downloading attachment

For mails containing attachments, download the attachment as follows:

1. Point the file with your mouse pointer and click download arrow as shown in Figure

2. Click save, the file will be send to Downloads folder into My Documents

3. Open downloads folder to see and open the file you have downloaded

To send a message or mail follow these steps:

1. Click Compose button you see on your account

2. The send message window will appear

To: write email address of a person you want to send a message, for multiple (many) email addresses
separate them by comma.
Subject: A brief about what you want to tell (Message Title).
Below the Subject is area you write your message in detail

© Pefu
 Figure: Writing a message to be send

Send: Click send button to send a message

Sending E-mails with Attachments

An E-mail attachment is a computer file sent along with an email message. One or more files can be
attached to any email message, an attachment can be a picture, document video and so on.
If you want to send a message with attachment:
1. Click on attach a file icon on the new message box as shown in Figure

© Pefu
 Figure: Browse a file location

2. Browse the place where the file you want to attach is located such as desktop, my documents
or any other location as shown on Figure
3. Click the file name

4. Click open as shown on the figure above

Deleting a mail or message

To delete a mail or message do as follows:

1. Tick the box of the meaasge you want to delete as shown in figure 165 and

2. Click the delete icon

© Pefu
 Figure: Deleting an email message

Log out (Sign out) from your account

Log out or Sign out means to exit temporally from your email account.
To sign out from your account follow the following steps:
1. Click your email address (labelled 1) at the top right corner

2. Click sign out (labelled 2)

Figure: Sign out from your account

Note: if you did not sign out of email account you make others face difficulties to sign in to their
Gmail account. Also if you quit without signing out, your messages will be open for anybody to read.

Changing your Email Account Password

It is a good idea to change your password after a certain period of time to avoid spammers hack your
password. To change password follow the following steps:

© Pefu
1. Sign in to your account

2. Click settings as shown in figure

Figure: Accessing Account settings

3. Click accounts and import tab as shown in Figure

Figure: Account settings window

4. Click Change Password

5. Another window will appear enter Current Password and New Password

© Pefu
 Figure: Change password screen
1. Click change password in the blue button as shown above. You are done

Using the World Wide Web and Search Engines

Define World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web) is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can
view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.
Because the Internet is made up of different networks and computers, the WWW need a common
method or language for exchanging documents called protocol. The set of rules-that allows text to be
transmitted from computer to computer is called the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
File transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol that allow you to transfer files between computers on the
internet as distinct from transferring files for immediate viewing. Transferring a file from a remote
computer to your own computer is called downloading the file. Sending a file to a remote computer
is called uploading.
That is why we always start with http://www in writing World Wide Web addresses to tell the browser
what type information to open.

© Pefu
Identifying different Search Engines in the World Wide Web (WWW)
Possibly you may have heard people say “Google it!”
Google is a search engine. Search engines are websites that provide a room for you to search
information on the internet and collects webpages for you to read and save if necessary.
These are a few search engines mostly used worldwide as follows:
 www.google.com
 www.bing.com
 www.yahoo.com
 www.ask.com

Search information using different Search Engines

As an example let’s search for the word trains. Use the following steps to search:
1. Open the web browser and type the address of the search engine you want to use example for
Google type www.google.com

2. When the search engine opens, type anything you want to search (example trains) into the search
box and press enter as shown in figure

© Pefu
 Figure : Searching information using search engines

Note:
 If you Google “trains,” Google will display a list of websites having to do with trains.
 Usually the most relevant ones are at the beginning of the list, but not always.
 This list is a list of “links.” On the internet something that is blue and underlined is usually a
link to another website or webpage.
 When you mouse over a link you get a pointing hand telling you that this is something you
can click on.

 When searching a search engine for more than one word, and you want the search to keep the
words together, use quotation marks. For example: “Atlantic ocean” instead of Atlantic Ocean
will give you more accurate results. Try it!

© Pefu
Save searched information in your computer

You can save a Web page containing useful searched information as follows:
1. By clicking File menu of the browser (or press CTRL and S keys on keyboard)

2. Click Save As

3. Type a file name if you need to change

4. Select Options for saving a web page (save as type)

 Web page complete ( the web page will not lose graphics like images )
 HTML only ( the web page will lose some graphics like images )

Figure: Save web page dialog box

Note: sometime you do not need to save the whole web page instead you can highlight the text or
picture, copy them and paste direct into a document like word or any.

© Pefu
Saving a Web Page Graphic
1. Open the Web page containing the graphic you wish to display.

2. Right-click the graphic and select Save Image As from the shortcut menu as shown on Figure
175.

3. Navigate to where you want to save the picture, save the filename if necessary, and click the Save
button.

Figure: Saving a graphic image from a website

Note: Copy image is used if you want to paste or send your image direct into a document like word
document, excel, publisher and so on.

© Pefu