FPROGLEC / FPROGLAB REVIEWER (PRELIMS)

ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHARTING 3. Print out the radius and its PROGRAM THAT CALCULATES THE SUM OF TWO
INPUT NUMBERS
A typical programming task can be
Example 3:
divided into two phases: Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final grade
1. Problem solving phase
and indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final
• produce an ordered sequence of steps that describe grade is calculated as the average of four marks.
solution of problem(algorithm)
Step 1: Input M1, M2, M3, M4
•Algorithm is a list of instructions for carrying out some Step 2: GRADE (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
process step by step
Step 3: if (GRADE < 50)
2. Implementation phase then Print “FAIL”
• implement the program in some programming
else
Print “PASS”
STEPS IN PROBLEM SOVING
Endif
1. First produce a general algorithm (one can use FLOWCHART IF-THEN STRUCTURE
pseudo code) FLOWCHART
• Pseudo code is an artificial and informal language (Dictionary) A schematic representation of a sequence
that helps programmers develop algorithms. Pseudo of operations, as in a manufacturing process or
code is very similar to everyday English. computer program.
2. Refine the algorithm successively to get step by (Technical) A graphical representation of the sequence
step detailed algorithm that is very close to a of operations in an information system or program.
computer language. (Technical) a diagram representing the logical
sequence in which a combination of steps or
PSEUDOCODE & ALGORITHM operations are to be performed.
Example 1:
 Program that calculates the sum of two input
FLOWCHART
numbers  shows logic of an algorithm
1. Enter two numbers
 emphasizes individual steps and them
(n1, n2) interconnections
2. Compute the sum (sum =
 e.g., control flow from one action to the next
n1 + n2)
3. Display the sum
FLOWCHART BASIC SYMBOLS

Example 2:
 Program to compute the area of a circle.
Radius is equal to 1 unit. Display the radius
and its area
1. Define the value of the
radius (r) and PI (3.1416)
2. Calculate the area of the
circle (A = PI*r*r)
 FPROGLEC / FPROGLAB REVIEWER (PRELIMS)
BRIEF HISTORY OF C LANGUAGE
1960’s -Dennis Ritchie was working at AT&T Bell Labs
to develop an operating system.

UNIX system which was built by both Dennis Ritchie

and Ken Thompson was built using assembly language.

UNIX chip system from PDP-7 to PDP-11

B-Language (Ken Thompson) influence the

development of C language

1972 Introduced by Dennis Ritchie at the AT&T Bell Lab

and implemented using DEC PDP-11 Computer

C was widely used to develop the UNIX operating

system and nowadays also almost all major operating
systems are written in C and C++

Program to get the highest value among two input

numbers.
1. Read input A, B
2. If (A>B)
Print A
else
Print B
Endif

INTRODUCTION TO C LANGUAGE