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Diffusivity of Acetone: Mass Transfer I

This document describes an experiment to determine the diffusivity of acetone in air at various temperatures. The experiment involves measuring the time taken for the level of acetone in a tube to decrease in the presence of flowing air at different temperatures. Using the initial and final levels and time taken, along with theoretical equations, the diffusivity of acetone is calculated for each temperature. The results are then used to determine the average diffusivity of acetone. Key steps include maintaining a constant water bath temperature, noting the time taken for the acetone level to decrease, and using equations based on Fick's laws of diffusion to calculate diffusivity from the measurements.

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Nishant Sarambale
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173 views5 pages

Diffusivity of Acetone: Mass Transfer I

This document describes an experiment to determine the diffusivity of acetone in air at various temperatures. The experiment involves measuring the time taken for the level of acetone in a tube to decrease in the presence of flowing air at different temperatures. Using the initial and final levels and time taken, along with theoretical equations, the diffusivity of acetone is calculated for each temperature. The results are then used to determine the average diffusivity of acetone. Key steps include maintaining a constant water bath temperature, noting the time taken for the acetone level to decrease, and using equations based on Fick's laws of diffusion to calculate diffusivity from the measurements.

Uploaded by

Nishant Sarambale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mass Transfer I

EXPERIMENT NO.: 01
Diffusivity of Acetone
DATE:

Department of Chemical Engg., DYPCET


Mass Transfer I

DIFFUSIVITY OF ACETONE

AIM: To determine the diffusivity of acetone liquid in air at various temperatures.

APPARATUS: Heater, magnetic stirrer, thermometer, air compressor, stop watch,


acetone Manometer.

THEORY:
When a concentration gradient exist in a medium containing two or more
compound, there is random movement of molecules of species from a point of higher
concentration to a point of lower concentration, this phenomenon is known as condition
are at right angle to concentration gradient then the medium is in turbulent condition.
This mass transfer is supplemented by transfer of eddies.
Molecular diffusion is governed by two laws:

1) Ficks first law


2) Ficks second law

Nax = -DAB × δCA / δx…………..(By 1st law)

δCA / δӨ = [ (δ2CA / δx2)+( δ2CA / δy2)+( δ2CA / δz2) ]…….(By 2nd law)
where,
Nax = mass flux of A in x direction
DAB = diffusivity of A in B
CA = concentration of A
Then,

DAB = [(z2-z1) × / 2Ө] ×((RT ×ρacetone) / M) ×( PB,M / Pt) × [1 / (PA1-PA2)]×10-4


Where,
DAB = diffusivity of A in B
z1 and z2 = initial and final level of acetone

Department of Chemical Engg., DYPCET


Mass Transfer I

Ө = time required to decrease level from z1 to z2


R = gas constant = 0.08206 m3 atm / kmol.K
T = absolute temperature
ρ = density of acetone = 791 Kg / m3
Pt = total pressure
PA1 & PA2 = initial and final vapor pressure of acetone respectively.

PROCEDURE:
Fill the beaker with water. Start the water heater and bring water
bath temperature at suitable range with constant stirring to maintain constant water
bath temperature throughout. After reaching suitable temperature, fill tube with
acetone up to the mark. Pass air at particular F.R. Note time required to lower level of
acetone z1 to z2 level. Repeat the same procedure for different temperature range.

RESULT:
i) The diffusivity of acetone at temperature………. oC=...……………m2/s
ii) The diffusivity of acetone at temperature………. oC =....……………m2/s
iii) The diffusivity of acetone at temperature………. oC =....……………m2/s
iv) The diffusivity of acetone at temperature………. oC =....……………m2/s
v) The diffusivity of acetone at temperature………. oC =....……………m2/s

vi) Average diffusivity of acetone =………………m²/s

Department of Chemical Engg., DYPCET


Mass Transfer I

OBSERVATIONS:

1) Room temperature = 250C


2) Density of acetone = 791 Kg / m3
3) Gas constant = 0.08206 m3.atm / kmol.K
4) Total pressure = 760 mmHg

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. Temperature P.D. Time Level Level (Z22-Z12) / 2Ө DAB × 10-4


No. in 0C mm ‘Ө’ in Z1 Z2 (m2 / sec)
sec
1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

CALCULATIONS:

1) From Antione equation the constant between temperature ranges ……… 0C


to………0C.are

A= B= C=

log10 P = A – [B / (T+C)]

Department of Chemical Engg., DYPCET


Mass Transfer I

=……………

PA1 = ………….atm

PB1 = 1 – PA1 =

PB,m = (PB2 – PB1) / ln (PB2 / PB1)

2)
(Z22-Z12) / 2Ө = =…………………….

3) DAB = [(Z22 – Z12) / 2Ө] × ((RT× ρacetone )/ M) ×( PB,m / Pt) ×[1 / (PA1-PA2)]×10-4

=…………..................

Department of Chemical Engg., DYPCET

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