1

INTRODUCTION TO IOT

Kupat Tahu Presentation

 2

What is IoT
Network of Physical Objects

Internet of Things (IoT) comprises things that have unique identities and are
connected to the Internet

The focus on IoT is in the configuration, control and networking via the Internet
of devices or “Things” that are traditionally not associated with the internet
Eg: pump, utility meter, car engine

IoT is a new revolution in the capabilities of the endpoints that are connected to
the internet
 3

What is IoT
Network of Physical Objects

The Scope of IoT is not limited to just connecting things (device, appliances,
machines) to the Internet

IoT allows these things to communicate and exchange data (control&

information)

Processing on these data will provide us various applications towards a common

user or machine goal
Idea: Move from Internet of People  Internet of Things 4

Internet appears everywhere in the world  Internet of Things is a plan to connect things also
 It is primarily connection between people using the same medium
Internet of Things - Evolution 5
Difference between M2M and IoT 6
7 IOT: People connecting with Things

ECG sensor

Internet

Motion sensor

Motion sensor
Motion sensor
8 IoT: Things connecting with Things

- Complex and heterogeneous

resources and networks
9 Unlocking the Massive potential of IoT
10 Looming Opportunity
 11

APPLICATIONS OF IOT
12 IoT Applications : Intelligent Home
13
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20
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22 IoT Applications : Transportation
23
Supply Chain Management

Logistic

Product Design

Warehouse

Manufacturing
24 IoT Architecture

Integrated Application Smart Grid Green Building Smart Transport Env. Monitor

Information Processing Data Center Search Engine Smart Decision Info. Security Data Mining

WWAN WMAN

Network Construction
Internet
WPAN WLAN

Sensing & Identification GPS Smart Device RFID Sensor Sensor

 25

IOT TECHNOLOGIES

Kupat Tahu Presentation

IoT Technologies 26

Hardware (Device)

Communication Technology

Protocols for IoT

Software (IDE)

Cloud Platforms
27 Implementing Smart Objects

Beaglebone black

Intel Galileo

Raspberry Pi

Arduino Uno
28 Board Connection
29 Sensors and Actuators
30 Sensors available in Market
31 IoT Technologies : Communication Technology
32 IoT Technologies : Protocols

CoAP ( Constrained Application Protocol)

MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)

XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol)

6LoWPAN (Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks)

33 IoT Technologies : Cloud (Sensing as-a-service Model)
 34

Challenges of IoT
Connectivity

Power Management

Security

Rapid Evolution
 Introduction to IoT-II
• IoT resulting in Address Crunch
• Connectivity Terminologies
• IoT network Configuration
• Gateway Prefix Allotment
• Impact of mobility on addressing
• Gateways
• Multihoming
• IPV4 Vs IPV6
• Essential Building blocks of IoT
• Sensors Vs Transducers
• Types of Sensors
• Errors
Gateways:

Gateways are responsible mainly for:
• Internet Connectivity
• IoT LAN intra-connectivity
Multi Homing:

• A node/network connected to multiple networks for improved 
reliability.
• Two Approaches:
1. Proxy based
2. Gateway based
IPV4 Vs IPV6
Essential building blocks of IoT

• Sensor
• Actuator
Sensors:

Sensing the physical phenomena that are occurring around them.

Transducers:

Transducers convert or transduce energy of one kind to another.

Sensor Resolution:

Smallest change it can detect.
Sensor Vs Transducer:
Sensors Classes

Based on output:
• Analog sensor
• Digital sensor

      Based on data type:
• Scalar Sensors
• Vector/Multimedia sensors
Types of Sensors
Errors

• Sensorial deviations
• Non linearity
• Hysteresis error
• Quantization error
• Aliasing error
 Topics to be covered
• Actuator
• Types of Actuator
• Convergence of Domains
• IoT Components
• IoT Interdependencies
• IoT Categories
• IoT Gateways
• IoT and associated technologies
• IoT Challenges
• Complexity of Network
Actuator:
Actuator is the mechanism by which a control system acts upon an environment.

Types of Actuator:

• Hydraulic
• Pneumatic
• Electrical
• Thermal/ Magnetic
• Mechanical
• Soft
Hydraulic Actuator
Pneumatic Actuator: 
Electrical Actuator:
Thermal Actuator:
Magnetic Actuator:
Mechanical Actuator:
Soft Actuator:
Soft Actuator are designed to handle fragile object like fruit harvesting in 
agriculture or manipulating the internal organs in biomedicine.

• Shape memory polymer
• Light activated polymer
Basics of IoT Networking
IoT Components:

• Device(the thing)
• Local Network
• Internet
• Backend Services
• Applications
IoT Categories:

• Industrial IoT
• Consumer IoT
An IoT Gateway is a solution for enabling IoT communication, usually device -to-device 
communications or device-to-cloud communications. The gateway is typically a hardware 
device housing application software that performs essential tasks.
IoT Challenges:

• Security
• Scalability
• Energy Efficiency
• Modeling and Analysis
• Data Storage
• Data Analytics
• Complexity Management
Complexity of the network:

• Growth of Networks
• Interference among devices
• Network management
• Heterogeneity in Network
 Topics to be covered
• Functionality based IoT Protocol Organization
• MQTT
• SMQTT
• CoAP
• REST
• XMPP
• Asset Management
• Telemetry
MQTT:
CoAP:
Asset Management

• Real Time information
• Decrease Human Involvement
• Asset Optimization
• Asset & Cost Tracking
• Enhanced Monitoring Maintenance
• Security
IoT Telemetry:

• Monitoring data from space crafts
• Animal Tracking devices
• Heart Monitors
• Wearables
 Topics to be covered

• Telemetry
• IoT Telemetry Protocols
• Logistics
• Cellular IoT
• IoT Verticals
Telemetry

Data collected by the device is called telemetry. This is the 
eyes-and-ears data that IoT devices provide to applications. 
Telemetry is read-only data about the environment, usually 
collected through sensors.
IoT Telemetry Architecture:
IoT Telemetry Protocols

• MQTT
• SMQTT
• CoAP
Logistics
• Goals for IoT technology for the Logistics Industry
• How the IoT is improving the transportation industry
• IoT logistics use cases

 
Goals for IoT technology for the Logistics Industry:

1.Improved Security & Theft Detection
2.Higher Employee Safety
3.End-to-end product tracking
4.Providing Business managers with advance analytics
5.Improving Delivery
How the IoT is improving the transportation industry:

1.Reliable Vehicle Tracking
2.Reducing shipping cost
3.Improve Supply chain planning
4.Employee Monitoring
5.Preventing product theft and monitoring transportation conditions
IoT logistics Applications:

1.Inventory Tracking System
2.Predictive Analytics System
3.Location Management Tools
4.Drone Based Delivery
5.Automated vehicles
Cellular IoT:

Cellular IoT is a way of connecting physical things (like sensors) to the internet by 
having them piggyback on the same mobile networks as smartphones. 
Two key form of Cellular IoT:

• LTE-M
• NB-IoT 
IoT Verticals:
• Smart Systems
• Smart Buildings
• Industrial IoT
• Transportation & Logistics
• Smart Agriculture 
• Smart Home
• Smart Cities
• Connected Healthcare
1. Smart System

• Integrate
• Automate
• Communicate
• Mobile first
2. Smart Building

• Energy Efficiency
• Environmental Friendly
• Operational Efficiency
• Improved Security
3. Industrial IoT

• Minimize Human Error

• Ease of Adoption
• Lower Production Costs
• Make Better Decisions
• Optimize Performance
• Reporting
4. Transportation & Logistics

• End to end visibility

• Data from different sources
• Planning
• Reporting
• Cost Optimization
• Service improvement
• Real time traceability
 5. Smart Agriculture

• Complete Visualizations of Operations

• Make Better Decisions
• Find Correlations
• Reporting
• Events & Notifications
• Lower Cost
 6. Smart Homes

• Increase Security
• Energy Conservation
• Automation
• Home Assistance
• E-Health
• Remote Monitoring
 7. Smart Cities

• Remote Monitoring
• Optimize Urban Development
• Engage Citizen
• Smart Living
• Smart Citizen integration
 8. Connected Healthcare

• Aggregate data from disparate source & systems

• Enable real time insights into patient critical care metrics for doctors
• Full system transparency
 Topics to be covered

• IoT Application Development
• IoT Connectivity
• IoT Software Providers
IoT Application Development

IoT  application  development is  the  process  of  building IoT apps  or software which 

combine  sensor  data  with  machine  learning  technologies  and  predictive  analytics  to 
create smart and proactive user experiences.

Sub Topics:

q Five main principles that must be taken into account by IoT developers before
creating an application.

q Developing an Internet of Things-based application: 4 consecutive stages

q The top 5 tools to build an Internet of Things application

q The Five fastest-growing areas for Internet of Things applications

Five main principles that must be taken into account by IoT
developers before creating an application:

1. Ensure the safe collection of data. 
2. Organize high-performance data streaming.
3. Create an Internet of Things platform. 
4. Develop an Internet of Things solution in the cloud.
5. Provide for effective data management. 
Developing an Internet of Things-based application:
4 consecutive stages

• Select centralized data storage
• Develop the server-side of data-handling algorithms
• Create a front-end. 
• Development from scratch
The top 5 tools to build an Internet of Things application

• Azure IoT Suite: Azure IoT Hub, Azure stream analytics, 
Azure storage, Azure CosMos DB, Azure Web Apps.
• Amazon Web Services
• IBM Watson
• Oracle IoT
• KAA IoT

 
The Five fastest-growing areas for Internet of Things applications:
 IoT Connectivity

IoT connectivity is a term defining connection between all the points in 
the  IoT  ecosystem,  such  as  sensors,  gateways,  routers,  applications, 
platforms  and  other  systems.  It  usually  refers  to  different  types  of 
network  solutions  based  on  their  power  consumption,  range  and 
bandwidth  consumption.  IoT  projects  vary  in  their  requirements  and 
many  of  them  use  different  connectivity  options  depending  on  their 
needs.
IoT Connectivity :

• Why is the selection of the right IoT connectivity option so

important?
• Which communication option is the best for your IoT project?
IoT Connectivity:

• Cellular IoT
• Satellite
• WiFi
• Bluetooth
• Ethernet
• LPWAN
IoT Software Providers:

• Vates: Famous due to Prototype.
• Science Soft: Provides IoT consulting, IoT development & Integration, IoT analytics, IoT 
managed services, IoT application Support.
• Oxagile: Provides a full range of services including IoT consulting, Software development, 
Hardware prototyping, Integration, and Continuous enhancement.
• R-Style Lab: provide services for Mobile Applications, Web front-end reporting & analytics, 
Middleware & Low-level, and backend infrastructure & integration.
• HQ Software
• PTC: Provides products for CAD, Industrial IoT etc.
• CISCO: Provides the solutions of IoT Networking, IoT Gateways, IoT Operations 
Management, IoT Data Management, and IoT Security.
IoT Software Providers:
• ARM: Provides a Device-to-Data Platform for connectivity management, device management, and data 
management. 

• Huawei: Provides smart water solutions, Smart Meter Reading, Smoke Detection Smart Building, Smart 
Factory, Elevators, Smart Parking, Smart Gas, etc.

• GE Digital: Provides its products and services to industries like food and beverage, automotive, 
chemicals, steel manufacturing, semiconductor, pulp & paper manufacturing, water or wastewater, etc.

• BOSCH IoT Sensor Company: Provides the IoT Suite for connecting and managing devices, 
sensors, and gateways

• SAP

• Seimens IoT Analytics Company: Provides an intelligent gateway
• IBM: Provides the IoT solutions of IoT Platform, Watson IoT, Enterprise Asset Management, Facilities 
Management, and Systems Engineering
 UNIT-IV

PART-I
Topics to be covered
• Study of RF Wireless Sensors
• Wireless Network
Study of RF wireless sensors

q Available On Demand

q Works in perpetually dark locations

q Works in hazardous locations

q Provides Mobility

q Provides Tracking capability

q Can charge a secondary battery
Study of RF wireless sensors cont..
RF powered sensor node architecture
Study of RF wireless sensors cont..
Different type of Sensors:
• Capacitive Sensors
• Current Sensors
• Gas & Chemical Sensors
• Hall Effect Sensors
• Humidity Sensors
• Inductive Sensors
• Optical Sensors
• Pressure Based Sensors
• Temperature Sensors
• Ultrasonic based sensors
Capacitive Sensors:
Capacitive proximity sensors are non-contact devices that can detect the 
presence or absence of virtually any object regardless of material.  They utilize 
the electrical property of capacitance and the change of capacitance based on a 
change in the electrical field around the active face of the sensor.
Capacitive sensing technology is often used in other sensing technologies such 
as:
• Flow
• Pressure
• liquid level
• Spacing
• Thickness
• ice detection
• accelerometers
Capacitive Sensors cont..

Capacitive sensor dimensional measurement requires three basic 
components: 

• a probe 

• driver electronics 

• a device
 Capacitive Sensors cont..

• Focusing the electric field
• Guarding
• Optimizing the Sensor
a. Effects of target size

b. Range of Measurement

c. Multiple channel sensing

d. Effects of target material
Capacitive Sensors cont..

Capacitive sensors can be very effective in measuring 
• density, 
• thickness, and 
• location of nonconductors as well.
Capacitive Sensors Applications:

• Position Sensing
• Dynamic Motion
• Thickness Measurement
Basic Components of Capacitance Sensing Technology

• Driver-IC
• The Sensor
• Software
Current Sensor:

Current is fed to computers in which sensors  convert it to proportional 
voltage.
•  Direct Sensing
• Indirect Sensing
Current Sensor cont..

The current sensing resistor should have following attributes:
• Low value in order to minimize power losses
• Low inductance 
• Tight tolerance
• Low temperature coefficient for accuracy
• High peak power rating to handle short duration high current pulses.
Gas and Chemical Sensors

Gas sensors (also  known  as gas detectors)  are  electronic  devices  that 

detect and identify different types of gasses. They are commonly used 
to detect toxic or explosive gasses and measure gas concentration.

Chemical sensors are measurement devices that convert a chemical or 
physical property of a specific analyte into a measurable signal, whose 
magnitude  is  normally  proportional  to  the  concentration  of  the 
analyte. 
Hall Effect Sensors

A Hall-effect sensor is a device to measure the magnitude of a magnetic 
field.  Its  output  voltage  is  directly  proportional  to  the  magnetic  field 
strength through it. Hall-effect sensors are used for proximity sensing, 
positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications. 
Humidity Sensors

A humidity sensor is a device that detects and measures water vapor. ... 
Based  on  our  robust  capacitive  technology,  these humidity
sensors provide  accurate  measurement  of  dew  point  and 
absolute humidity by  combining  relative humidity (RH)  and 
temperature (T) measurements.
Inductive Sensors

An inductive sensor is  a  device  that  uses  the  principle  of 

electromagnetic induction to  detect  or  measure  objects.  An  inductor 
develops  a  magnetic  field  when  a  current  flows  through  it; 
alternatively,  a  current  will  flow  through  a  circuit  containing  an 
inductor when the magnetic field through it changes.

Shielded and Un-shielded Sensors
Optical Sensors

An optical sensor converts light rays into electronic signals. It measures 
the physical quantity of light and then translates it into a form that is 
readable  by  an  instrument.  An optical sensor is  generally  part  of  a 
larger system that integrates a source of light, a measuring device and 
the optical sensor.
Types of Optical Sensors:
Optical Sensors
Optical Sensors
Pressure Sensors

A  pressure  sensor  is  a  device  for  pressure  measurement  of  gases  or 
liquids. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid 
from expanding, and is usually stated in terms of force per unit area. A 
pressure sensor usually acts as a transducer; it generates a signal as a 
function of the pressure imposed.

Type of Pressure Measurement

• Absolute
• Gauge
• Differential
Pressure Sensors

Absolute
Pressure Sensors

Gauge
Pressure Sensors

Differential
Temperature Sensors

A temperature sensor is  an  electronic  device  that  measures 

the temperature of  its  environment  and  converts  the  input  data  into 
electronic  data  to  record,  monitor,  or  signal temperature changes. 
There are many different types of temperature sensors.
Ultrasonic Sensors

An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance 
of  a  target  object  by  emitting ultrasonic sound  waves,  and  converts 
the  reflected  sound  into  an  electrical  signal. Ultrasonic waves  travel 
faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can 
hear).
Wireless Networks and its types:

Computer networks that are not connected by cables are called wireless
networks. They generally use radio waves for communication between 
the network nodes.  They  allow  devices  to  be  connected  to 
the network while roaming around within the network coverage.
Types:
1. Bluetooth and BLE
2. Zigbee Protocols
3. Wi-Fi 
4. Satellite Communication
5. RFID
1. Bluetooth and BLE
Attacks In Bluetooth enable devices:
• BLUEJACKING
• BLUEBUG Attack
• Car Whisperer
• SNARF Attack
• BACKDOOR Attack
2. Zigbee Protocols

Zigbee specifications:
• Zigbee PRO
• Zigbee RF4CE
• Zigbee IP
3. Wi-Fi 

• Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

• Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
• Wi-Fi Protected Access version 2 (WPA2)
4. Satellite Communication

• LEO, GEO, and ATG Satellites

5. RFID

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses radio waves to transmit 
small amounts of data from an RFID tag to a reader within a very short 
distance.
Computer Connect to Internet

• Network Devices
• Hubs
• Switches
• Routers
• Gateways
• Firewalls
• Device Configuration and Management Hubs
Ø M2M device management

• Exchange Information without Human Intervention Routers

Ø Quicker Processing and More accurate Delivery
 UNIT-V

PART-I
Topics to be covered
• IoT Requirement
• Hardware and software Design
• Tagging and Tracking
• SIM and USIM CARD
IoT Requirement

q General Requirement and control Access Requirement

q Security Requirements

q Architecture Requirements

q IoT Functional Requirements
General Requirement and control Access Requirement
1. IoT Application communication principles
2. Message Delivery for sleeping devices
3. Delivery Modes
4. Message Transmission scheduling
5. Message Communication path selection
6. Communication with devices behind an IoT gateway
7. Communication Failure notification
8. Scalability
Security Requirements
• IoT service capabilities discovery and registration
• IoT trusted application
• Mobility
• Communications integrity
• Device/Gateway integrity check
• Continuous connectivity
• Confirm
• Priority
• Logging
Architecture Requirement:
• Anonymity
• Time Stamp
• Device/Gateway Failure robustness
• Radio transmission activity indication and control
• Operator telco capabilities exposure
• Location reporting support
• Support of multiple IoT applications
 IoT Functional Requirements:

• Data Collection and Reporting
• Remote control of IoT devices
• Group Mechanisms
• Quality of Services
• IoT devices/gateway types variety
• Information reception
• Reachability
• Asymmetric Flows
• Path diversity
• Heterogeneous IoT area network
• Information collection and delivery to a multiple applications
• Management of multiple IoT devices

  
 Hardware and Software Design

• Power Source
• Embedded Processor
• Sensors
• Enclosure
 Tagging and Tracking

RFID

• Main components of RFID System
qAntenna
qTags
qForm Factor 
qFrequencies
 SIM and USIM CARD

qIoT connectivity & Management
qIoT Security and IoT Communication
Unit-VI
§ WSN
§ Cellular M2M
§ Software for IoT Applications
§ Hardware
Sensing and Sensors
 Sensing is a technique used to gather information
about a physical object or process, including the
occurrence of events
 An object performing such a sensing task is called
a sensor
 A sensor, then, is a type of transducer that
converts energy in the physical world into electrical
energy that can be passed to a computing system
or controller.
Sensing and Sensors
An example of the steps performed in a sensing (or data
acquisition) task

 Phenomena in the physical world are observed by a sensor

device
 The resulting electrical signals are passed through a signal
conditioning stage (tasks like amplification/attenuation/noise
removal)
 Analog signal is transformed into a digital signal using an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
 Signal is ready for further processing/ visualization/ storage
 Many wireless sensor networks also include actuators which
allow them to directly control the physical world
Sensing and Sensors

Data Acquisition and actuation

Sensing and Sensors
 Sensor types
◦ If the sensors require external power, they are
referred to as active sensors. That is, they must
emit some kind of energy (e.g., microwaves, light,
sound) to trigger a response or to detect a change
in the energy of the transmitted signal.
◦ passive sensors detect energy in the environment
and derive their power from this energy input – for
example, passive infrared (PIR) sensors measure
infrared light radiating from objects in the
proximity
Sensing and Sensors
 Sensor types
Wireless Sensor Networks
 When many sensors cooperatively monitor large physical
environments, they form a wireless sensor network (WSN)

 Sensor nodes communicate not only with each other but also
with a base station (BS) using their wireless radios, allowing
them to disseminate their sensor data to remote processing,
visualization, analysis, and storage systems
Wireless Sensor Networks

An example WSN with two sensor fields and their

respective base stations
Wireless Sensor Networks
 IEEE 802.15.4 is the protocol specifically designed for low
power consumption wireless networks and is supported by
most of the commercial sensor nodes.
 When each node is within the range of the base station, it
directly communicates with the base and forms a single-hop
star topology.
 In case of large geographical coverage, communication is
done via intermediate nodes forming multi-hop mesh
topology
 In multi-hop topology, nodes must be capable of propagating
sensor data towards base station.
Wireless Sensor Networks

Single-hop vs Multi-hop WSN

Challenges & Constraints
1. Energy
◦ Contention-based MAC strategies result in higher power
consumption as the nodes may try multiple times to get
access of the medium and may need to listen to the
medium continuously
◦ Therefore Contention-free MAC strategies are preferred as
they allow strictly regulated medium access and allow
nodes to turn off their radios when no communication is
expected
Challenges & Constraints
2. Wireless Networking
◦ a radio frequency (RF) signal fades

◦ Multi-hop networks
◦ Duty cycles further increases the problem
Challenges & Constraints
3. Self Management
◦ Ad-hoc deployment
Deployment in predetermined locations is always not possible.
Nodes have to determine their locations, search for available
communicating nodes and work

◦ Unattended operation
configuration, adaptation, maintenance, and repair must be
performed in an autonomous fashion without human
intervention
Challenges & Constraints
4. Decentralized Management
◦ Due to large scale and energy constraints topology and routing
management by base station is not feasible. Nodes have to
collaborate with neighboring nodes and work through a non-
optimal algorithms
5. Design Constraints
◦ Cheaper
◦ Small in size
◦ Energy efficient
◦ Wireless connectivity
6. Security
◦ Unattended and wireless communication makes then
susceptible to many security attacks i.e. Denial-of-service
attacks
WSN Applications
 WSNs have many advantages over traditional
networking techniques.

 They have an ever-increasing number of

applications, such as infrastructure protection
and security, surveillance, health-care,
environment monitoring, intelligent
transportation, and smart energy
WSN Applications

 The applications can be divided in three

categories:
1. Monitoring of objects.
2. Monitoring of an area.
3. Monitoring of both area and objects.
WSN Applications
 Monitoring Area
◦ Environmental and Monitoring
◦ Precision Agriculture
◦ Indoor Climate Control
◦ Military Surveillance
◦ Intelligent Alarms
WSN Applications
 Example: Precision Agriculture
◦ Precision agriculture aims at making agricultural
operations more efficient, while reducing
environmental impact and cost.
◦ The information collected from sensors is used to
evaluate optimum sowing density, estimate
fertilizers and other inputs needs, and to more
accurately predict crop yields.
WSN Applications
 Monitoring Objects
◦ Structural Monitoring
◦ Condition-based Maintenance
◦ Medical Diagnostics
◦ Urban terrain mapping
WSN Applications
 Monitoring Interactions between Objects and
Space
◦ Wildlife Habitats (Collar mounted sensors)
◦ Disaster Management
◦ Emergency Response
◦ Asset Tracking
◦ Health Care
WSN Applications
Example: Structural Health Monitoring
◦ Global and local inspection of structures
◦ Factors making WSN suitable for global inspection:
can be placed in areas that are inaccessible
By deploying a large number of nodes, it is possible to
establish correlation between different measurements
does not require disruption of the normal operation of
the structure
WSN Applications
Example: Structural Health Monitoring
◦ Sensing seismic events
 Challenges:
restrictions regarding the characteristics of the
excitations
measurement noise
environmental constraints
WSN Applications
 Biomedical / Medical
◦ Health Monitors
Blood pressure
Oxygen saturation
Heart rate
◦ Hospital Sensors
Monitor vital signs
Record anomalies
Monitor patient movements
WSN Applications
 Numerous industrial and commercial
applications:
◦ Agricultural Crop Conditions
◦ Inventory Tracking
◦ In-Process Parts Tracking
◦ Automated Problem Reporting
◦ Theft Deterrent
◦ Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring
WSN Applications
Example: Traffic Control
 These systems gather information about the density, sizes, and
speed of vehicles on roads; detect congestions; and suggest to
drivers some alternative routes and emergency exits
 Common methods used:
◦ Video
◦ sonar
◦ Radar
◦ Piezoelectric cables
WSN Applications
 Military
◦ Enemy tracking, battlefield surveillance
◦ Target detection
◦ Monitoring, tracking and surveillance of borders
◦ Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection
WSN Applications
 Mobile Group Movement
◦ Future military: attacking by sensor nodes
◦ It needs coordination between nodes
◦ Combination between AI (artificial intelligence),
sensor technology and wireless communications
◦ There is a goal for the nodes
Cellular M2M Application Networks
 Monitoring Sensing
 Communication Network
 Monitoring Software
Software for IoT applications
Standardized End-to-end (E2E) Solution
1. Scalable Service Platform
2. Service Oriented Architecture
3. RESTful Architecture and so on.
Hardware
 Main Hard devices used in the M2M Network
are
• Sensors
• Memory Processors
• Actuators
• RFID
• ADC/DAC
• Power Module
• Communication Module
Unit-VII
§ Discuss Security & Trust IoT Communication
§ Secure Communication
§ IoT security framework
Discuss Security & Trust IoT
Communication
All these below mentioned applications, have some
common security requirements

 Traffic Cameras(WLAN)
 Metering
 Vending Machines(Stock level)
 Asset or Cargo Tracking
Discuss Security & Trust IoT
Communication
Security threats for IoT

 Physical Attacks
 Compromise of Credentials(Brute Force Attack)
 Configuration Attacks
 Protocols attack on the device(Man-in-Middle)
 Attacks on the core networks(Threat to mobile n/w operator)
 User Data and Identity Privacy Attacks(eavesdropping)
Discuss Security & Trust IoT
Communication
The Trusted Environment

 Introduction to trusted Environment(TRE)(Extension-

Verification)
 Requirements, Functionalities and Interfaces
v symmetric/Asymmetric encryption and decryption
v Hash value calculation and verification(large to fix)
v Random Number generation(Generate Cryptographic keys)
v Digital Signature generation and verification
 Verification of Trustworthiness of M2M
 Validation
v Autonomous Validation(local)
v Remote Validation(Passive local)
v Semi Autonomous Validation
Secure Communication
 Authentication: provides the communicating parties with a
way to verify their identity.

 Availability: ensures that the system remains operational even

in the presence of malicious or faulty nodes.

 Confidentiality: Guarantees that communicated data is

accessible only to the intended recipients.

 Integrity: enables the recipient of a message to verify that a

message was not altered while in the network
IoT Security Framework
IoT Security Framework
 Communication and Sensors Devices: end point of IoT
applications.
 Routers and gateways: end point of the operator’s network
where sensors and IoT devices do not connect directly to the
network.
 Machine to Machine Applications: based of infrastructural
assets.
 Operator Platform(Service delivery platform)
Discuss Security & Trust M2M Communications; Secure Communications; CO3

M2M Security Framework; Securing Data Input / Output and internet communication CO3
Discuss Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN);

Cellular Machine-to-Machine (M2M) application networks;

Software for M2M Applications, Hardware

IP Based Cellular Networks & 3G, 4G.

Discuss IOT Requirements; Hardware & Software

Study of IOT Sensors, Tagging and Tracking

Embedded Products

IOT Design, (U) SIM Card Technology

IOT Connectivity and Management
Study of RF Wireless Sensors; Wireless Networks

Computer connected to Internet; Network Devices; Device Configuration and Management

Exchange information in real time without human intervention

IOT Verticals; IOT Hosted Services;

IOT Application development; IOT Connectivity

 
IOT Software providers.
Automation, asset management, telemetry

transportation, telematics

Telemetry and Telemetric; Report location

logistics, tracking and remote assistance

Next generation kiosks, self-service technology

Cellular IOT connectivity services

IOT Concepts, Introduction to IOT Communications, Telemetry vs IOT

 
Applications of IOT Communications, People, Processes and Devices