Helwan university Heat Transfer

Faculty Of Engineering- Mataria 2nd year

Problem: 1
A circular pipe of 25 mm outside diameter is placed in an airstream at 250 C and 1atm
pressure. The air moves in cross flow over the pipe at 15 m/s, while the outer surface of
the pipe is maintained at 1000 C. What is the rate of heat transfer from the pipe per unit
length?

Problem: 2
An array of power transistors, dissipating 6w of power each, are to be cooled by mounting
them on a 25 cm Ӽ25 cm, square aluminum plate and blowing air at 35⁰C over the plate
with a fan at a velocity of 4 m/s. The average temperature of the plate is not to exceed
65⁰C . Assuming the heat transfer from the back side of the plate to be negligible and
disregarding radiation, determine the number of transistors that can be placed on this plate.

Problem: 3
During a cold winter day, wind at 55 km/h is blowing parallel to a 4 m-high and 10 m-
long wall of a house. If the air outside is at 5°C and the surface temperature of the wall is
12°C, determine the rate of heat loss from that wall by convection. What would your
answer be if the wind velocity was doubled?

Problem: 4
Air at a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 500 C is in parallel surface of a flat plate
that is heated to a uniform temperature of 1000 C. The plate has a length of 0.2 m ( in the
flow direction ) and a width of 0.1 m. The Reynolds number based on the plate length is
40,000. What is the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the air? IF the free streem
velocity of the air is doubled and the pressure is increased to 10 atm, what is the rate of
heat transfer?

Problem: 5
A 1.8 m diameter spherical tank of negligible thickness contains iced water at 0⁰ C. Air at
25 ⁰C flows over the tank with a velocity of 7 m/s . Determine the rate of heat transfer to
the tank and the rate at which ice melts. The heat of fusion of water at 0 ⁰C is 333.7KJ/Kg.

Problem: 6
A long 8 cm-diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 90°C passes
through some open area that is not protected against the winds. Determine the rate of heat
loss from the pipe per unit of its length when the air is at 1 atm pressure and 7°C and the
wind is blowing across the pipe at a velocity of 50 km/h.

Problem: 7
Air at a pressure of 6 kN/𝑚2 and a temperature of 300ºC flows with a velocity of 10 m/s
over a flat plate 0.5 m long. Estimate the cooling rate per unit width of the plate needed to
maintain it at a surface temperature of 27ºC.

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 Helwan university Heat Transfer
Faculty Of Engineering- Mataria 2nd year
Mechanical Power Dep.
Sheet (7): External Flow

Problem: 8
A tube bank uses an aligned arrangement of 10 mm diameter tubes with ST =SL= 20 mm.
There are 10 rows of tubes with 50 tubes in each row. Consider an application for which
cold water flows through the tubes, maintaining the outer surface temperature at 270 C,
while flue gases at 4270 C and a velocity of 5 m/s are in cross flow over the tubes. The
properties of the flue gas may be approximated as those of atmospheric air at 4270 C.
What is the total rate of heat transfer per unit length of the tubes in the bank?

Problem: 9
Combustion air in a manufacturing facility is to be preheated before entering a furnace by
hot water at 900 C flowing through the tubes of a tube bank located in a duct. Air enters
the duct at 150 C and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 3.8 m/s, and flows over the tubes in
normal direction. The outer diameter of the tubes is 2.1 cm, and the tubes are arranged in-
line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL = ST = 5 cm. There are eight rows in
the flow direction with eight tubes in each row. Determine the rate of heat transfer per unit
length of the tubes and the pressure drop. The properties of air at 200 C.

Problem: 10
Pressurized water is often available at elevated temperatures and may be used for space
heating or industrial process applications. In such cases it is customary to use a tube
bundle in which the water is passed through the tubes, while air is passed in cross flow
over the tubes. Consider a staggered arrangement for which the tube outside diameter is
16.4 mm and the longitudinal and transverse pitches are SL=34.3 mm and ST=31.3 mm.
There are seven rows of tubes in the airflow direction and eight tubes per row. Under
typical operating conditions the cylinder surface temperature is at 700 C, while the air
upstream temperature and velocity are 150 C and 6 m/s, respectively. Determine the air
side convectio coefficient and the rate of heat transfer for the tube bundle. What is the air
side pressure drop?

Problem: 11
Air is to be heated by passing it over a bank of 3 m-long tubes inside which steam is
condensing at 100⁰C. Air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 20⁰C and 1
atm with a mean velocity of 5.2 m/s. The outer diameter of the tubes is 1.6 cm, and the
tubes are arranged staggered with longitudinal and transverse pitches of SL = ST = 4 cm.
There are 20 rows in the flow direction with 10 tubes in each row. Determine (a) the rate
of heat transfer, (b) pressure drop, and (c) the rate of condensation of steam inside the
tubes. The properties of air at 35⁰C.

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 Helwan university Heat Transfer
Faculty Of Engineering- Mataria 2nd year
Mechanical Power Dep.
Sheet (7): External Flow

Problem: 12
A fine wire of diameter D is positioned across a passage to determine flow velocity from
heat transfer characteristics. Current is passed through the wire to heat it, and
the heat is dissipated to the flowing fluid by convection. The resistance of the wire is
determined from electrical measurements, and the temperature is known from the
resistance.
What is the velocity of an airstream at 1 atm and 25ºC, if a wire of 0.5 mm diameter
achieves a temperature of 40ºC while dissipating 35 W/m ?

Problem: 13
A pin fin of 10 mm diameter dissipates 30 W by forced convection to air in cross flow
with a Reynolds number of 4000. If the diameter of the fin is doubled and all other
conditions remain the same, estimate the fin heat rate. Assume the pin to be infinitely
long.