TLE-ICT

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

QUARTER 1 – MODULE 4

COMPUTER NETWORK

Prepared by:

ALVIN A. ULALAN
Teacher III
MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
MELC: Familiarize oneself with computer peripheral/ devices/systems in accordance with
established procedures on correct operation and safety.

This learning module will equip you with the basic knowledge in computer network. It
will also help you understand the different types of network and familiarize you with the
different network devices.

Computer Network

A computer network refers to a group of computing devices that are connected

together in order to exchange files, share resources, data, and applications and allow
electronic communication.

Three Basic Types of Network

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

A LAN is a collection of connected devices in one

physical location, such as a home or an office. A LAN can be
small or large, ranging from a home network with one user to
a large enterprise network with thousands of users and
devices. A LAN may include both wired and wireless devices.

Regardless of size, a LAN's particular characteristic is

that it connects devices that are in a single, limited area.

Figure 1. LAN Diagram

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

MAN is a large computer network that usually

spans a city or a large campus. It is usually formed
by connecting multiple LANs.

Essentially, this is a computer network which

links users and serves them various resources across
an area that is too large to be covered by a LAN, but
smaller than is required by a WAN.

MAN is used in communication between the

banks in a city, college within a city, and even for
communication in the military.

Figure 2. MAN Diagram

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3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN extends over a large

geographical area and connects individual
users or multiple LANs. The Internet can be
considered a WAN. Large organizations use
WANs to connect their various sites, remote
employees, suppliers, and data centers so
they can run applications and access
necessary data.

Physical connectivity in WANs can be

achieved by leased lines, cellular connections,
satellite links, and other means.

Figure 3. WAN Diagram

The three network types can differ from each other in many aspects. Some of the
significant differences are listed in the table below.

Parameters LAN MAN WAN

Ownership of network Private Private or Private or public
public
Geographical area Small Moderate Very large
covered
Design and Easy Difficult Difficult
maintenance
Bandwidth Low Moderate High

Data rates High Moderate Low

Congestion Less More More

Application College, School, Small towns, Country, Continent

Hospital City

Table 1. Differences between LAN, WAN and MAN

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Network Devices

Network devices, also known as network equipment are electronic devices which are
necessary to allow communication and interaction between devices on a network. They
mediate data transmission within a computer network.

Common Network Devices

Hub

It is the simplest in the family of network connecting

devices because it connects LAN components with identical
protocols. Hubs do not perform packet filtering or addressing
functions; they just send data packets to all connected
devices.

Figure 4. Hub

Switch

Switches have a more

intelligent role than hubs. A switch is a
multiport device that improves network
efficiency. The switch maintains
limited routing information about
nodes in the internal network, and it
allows connections to systems like
hubs or routers. Generally, switches
can read the hardware addresses of
incoming packets to transmit them to
the appropriate destination.
Figure 5. How a switch works.

Router

A router derives its name from the fact that it

can route data it receives from one network into
another. When a router receives a packet of data, it
reads the header of the packet to determine the
destination address. Once it has determined the
address, it looks in its routing table to determine
whether it knows how to reach the destination and, if
it does, it forwards the packet to the next hop on the
route. The next hop might be the final destination, or
it might be another router.

Figure 6. How a router works.

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Modem

A modem, short for modulator/demodulator, is a device that

converts the digital signals generated by a computer into analog signals
that can travel over conventional phone lines. The modem at the receiving
end converts the signal back into a format the computer can understand.
Modems can be used as a means to connect to an ISP or as a mechanism
for dialing up to a LAN.

Figure 7. Modem

Repeater

A repeater is an electronic device that amplifies the signal it

receives. You can think of repeater as a device which receives a
signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power so that
the signal can cover longer distances, more than 100 meters for
standard LAN cables.

Figure 8. Repeater

Bridge

Bridges are used to divide larger networks

into smaller sections. They do this by sitting
between two physical network segments and
managing the flow of data between the two. By
looking at the MAC (Media Access Control) address
of the devices connected to each segment, bridges
can select to forward the data or block it from
crossing.

Figure 9. How a bridge is used to segregate networks

Network Interface Card

Network Interface Card, also called network card or LAN

card is a device that enables a computer to connect to the network.

Figure 11. Network Interface Card

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Gateway

A gateway is simply a device or

hardware that acts as a "gate" between the
networks. We can also define it as a node that
acts as an entry for other network nodes. It is
also responsible for facilitating the traffic flow
within the network.
A gateway is essentially a system used
to communicate between networks with
different protocols and are responsible for
converting one protocol into another. It is
responsible for providing access to the internet
for households, thereby serving as an internet
service provider.

Figure 12. How a gateway works.

Firewall

A firewall is a network device that

monitors and either blocks or allows
traffic based on a set of rules. It protects
the computer network from unauthorized
access. Firewalls can be software,
hardware, or a combination of both.
Additionally, the rules firewalls use can
be based on something straightforward
like ports and IP addresses or use
heuristics to identify malicious behavior.
Figure 12. How a firewall works.

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 I. Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in a word that fits each clue.

1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

9.
10.

Across
1. It is the simplest in the family of network connecting devices because it connects LAN
components with identical protocols.
3. A computer network that is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
6. It refers to a group of computing devices that are connected together which enables
them to communicate with one another, exchange files and share their resources, data,
and applications.
8. An electronic device that amplifies the signal it receives.
10. A device or hardware that acts as a "gate" between the networks.

Down
2. It is used to divide larger networks into smaller sections.
4. It is also called LAN card. It enables a computer to connect to the network.
5. A device that can route data it receives from one network into another.
7. A network device that monitors and either blocks or allows traffic based on a set of
rules.
9. Large organizations use this type of network to connect their various sites, remote
employees, suppliers, and data centers so they can run applications and access
necessary data.

II. Directions: Identify the words that the acronym stands for.
1. MAC - __________________________________________
2. WAN - __________________________________________
3. LAN - __________________________________________
4. MODEM - __________________________________________
5. MAN - __________________________________________

III. Directions: Answer the given question briefly.

1. Differentiate the three basic types of network in terms of geographical area covered,
bandwidth and application.

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I.
H U B M A N
Across:
R E R 1. Hub
I N E T W O R K 3. MAN
F D W U
6. Network
8. Repeater
I G O T
10. Gateway
R E P E A T E R E

E K R Down:
W W C 2. Bridge
A G A T E W A Y
4. Network Card
5. Router
L N R
7. Firewall
L D
9. WAN

II.
1. Media Access Control
2. Wide Area Network
3. Local Area Network
4. Local Area Network
5. Metropolitan Area Network

III.
1. Student’s responses may vary.

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Name: _________________________________________________Date: ______________
Grade/Section: __________________________________________Score: _____________

I. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.

1. Two or more computing devices that are connected together in order to share resources,
exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
a. Computer System b. Computer Network c. Network Device d. Internet

2. It protects the computer network from unauthorized access.

a. Anti-Virus Program b. Anti-spyware program c. User Accounts d. Firewall

3. A computer network that extends over a large geographical area and connects individual
users or multiple LANs.
a. LAN b. WAN c. MAN d. CAN

4. The following choices are examples of networking devices, EXCEPT:

a. Network adapter b. Switch c. LAN Tester d. Modem

5. Modem is a contraction of the terms ___________.

a. moderation and demonstration c. modality and demonstration
b. mode and demo d. modulator and demodulator

6. It is a device that enables a computer to connect to the network.

a. Repeater b. Network Interface Card c. Gateway d. Bridge

7. It is used to divide larger networks into smaller sections. They do this by sitting between
two physical network segments and managing the flow of data between the two.
a. Firewall b. Gateway c. Bridge d. Modem

8. A network device that connects LAN components with identical protocols. It does not
perform packet filtering or addressing functions; it just send data packets to all connected
devices.
a. Switch b. Hub c. Repeater d. Router

9. A device which receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power so that
the signal can cover longer distances.
a. Repeater b. Network Interface Card c. Gateway d. Bridge

10. These are electronic devices which are necessary to allow communication and interaction
between devices on a network.
a. Computer Peripherals b. Computer Networks c. Network Devices d. Modem

II. Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, If the statement is incorrect change
the underlined word to make the statement correct.
_______________ 1. The acronym LAN stands for Land Area Network.
_______________ 2. WAN is a type of network that is generally limited to a geographic
area such as a computer lab, computer shop, school, or building.
_______________ 3. The Internet can be considered as an example of MAN.

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_______________ 4. Modem converts the digital signals generated by a computer into
data signals that can travel over conventional phone lines.
_______________ 5. Hub, switch, and router are examples of network adapter.

III. Performance Task (10 pts):

Draw a diagram that illustrates a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network
(WAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).

Scoring Rubric for the Performance Task:

HIGHEST
CRITERIA POSSIBLE 1 2
SCORE
At least 75% of the content
At least 90% of the content
Content 2 included in the diagram is
in the diagram is accurate
accurate
Graphics are adequate, Graphics are of excellent
Graphics 2 easy to read, and relevant quality, easy to read, and
to the content relevant to the content.
One or more of the drawing Drawing is accurately
Labels 2
are not labeled labeled.
The diagram is very
The diagram is appealing in
appealing in terms of
Appearance 2 terms of design, layout, and
design, layout, and
neatness.
neatness.
The learner did not meet The learner has exceeded
Expectation 2
your expectation your expectation.

References:

Books

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9

ICT – Computer Hardware Servicing
Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2013

Websites

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/what-is-computer-
networking.html
https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-computer-network
https://community.fs.com/blog/lan-vs-man-vs-wan-whats-the-difference.html
https://techsolutions.cc/guide-wan-vs-lan-vs-man/
https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/what-is-a-metropolitan-area-network/
https://blog.netwrix.com/2019/01/08/network-devices-explained/
https://www.auvik.com/franklyit/blog/network-devices/
https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/7/8/9/0789732548.pdf