SC SCS US GridServices TI en 11

Technical Information
Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters for SMA

Central Inverters
Sunny Central-US and Sunny Central Storage-US
Sunny Central UP-US and Sunny Central Storage UP-US
ENGLISH SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 | Version 1.1

Table of Contents SMA Solar Technology America LLC
Table of Contents
1 Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters ................................................................................... 3
1.1 Content and Structure of this Document......................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Advanced Functionality of SMA Inverters...................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Interactive SMA Inverters................................................................................................................................ 3
2 Function Description..................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Islanding Detection "Anti Islanding" ............................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Grid Support Depending on Grid Voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-Through" .......................................... 5
2.3 Grid Support Depending on Power Frequency "Low/High Frequency Ride-Through" .............................. 8
2.4 Ramp Rate During Normal Operation "Normal Ramp Rate" ....................................................................... 9
2.5 Ramp-Up After Grid Fault "Soft Start Ramp Rate" ......................................................................................... 10
2.6 Fixed specification of a power factor cos φ "Specified Power Factor"........................................................ 11
2.7 Reactive Power Control as a Function of Grid Voltage "Volt-Var Mode" .................................................... 12
2.8 Active Power Limitation Depending on Power Frequency "Frequency-Watt Mode"................................... 14
2 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

SMA Solar Technology America LLC 1 Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters
1 Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters

1.1 Content and Structure of this Document
In this document, the advanced inverter functions (see Section 1.2, page 3) as well as the SMA inverters equipped
with these functions (see Section 1.3, page 3) are presented in accordance with the current UL 1741 SA "Grid
Support Utility Interactive Inverters and Converters".
In addition, the advanced inverter functions are presented in detail (see Section 2, page 5). The following structure
is being used:
• Function description in accordance with UL 1741 SA "Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters and Converters"
with the most important key values
• Implementation of the individual functions with SMA invertes via Speedwire/Webconnect parameters or Modbus
registers (SMA Modbus or SunSpec Modbus)
• Maximum value tested
• Minimum value tested
• Value tested according to CPUC Rule 21 or tested average
Depending on the product, the functions can be configured via the user interface of the inverter or a communication
product (e.g. SMA Cluster Controller). Depending on the availability, the configuration can also be performed using
SMA Modbus or SunSpec Modbus. Information on how to change operating parameter can be found in the
respective documentation at www.SMA-Solar.com.
1.2 Advanced Functionality of SMA Inverters

Inverters convert direct current into grid-compliant alternating current. If the grid voltage or grid frequency exceeds the
thresholds specified by the grid operator, the grid-tied inverters must stop to feed in alternating current and disconnect
from the utility grid in accordance with local standards and directives.
Inverters are also able to modulate their output power to support the utility grid interactively. Inverters react to changes
in the utility grid by varying their power factor for example or by achieving an improved grid stability using other grid
management services.
With the growth of the PV industry and a rising proportion of PV power in allover power generation, it becomes
increasingly important that PV inverters make a significant contribution to improved grid stability and grid services. The
prerequisite for this is the smart grid interconnection of PV inverters with an advanced inverter function to the grid in
accordance with the current UL 1741 SA "Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters and Converters".
1.3 Interactive SMA Inverters

The following SMA inverters feature from firmware version 04.00.10.R advanced inverter functions in accordance with
the current UL 1741 SA "Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters and Converters":
• Sunny Central 1850-US (SC-1850-US-10)
• Sunny Central 2000-EV-US (SC-2000-EV-US-10)
• Sunny Central 2200-US (SC-2200-US-10)
• Sunny Central 4000 UP-US (SC-4000 UP-US)
• Sunny Central Storage 2200-US (SCS2200-US-10)
Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 3

1 Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters SMA Solar Technology America LLC
• Sunny Central Storage 2500-EV-US (SCS2500-EV-US-10)

• Sunny Central Storage 2750-EV-US (SCS2750-EV-US-10)
• Sunny Central Storage 2750 UP-US (SCS-2750UP-US)
The parameters of inverters with the target country "2U" are set according to the current UL 1741 SA upon delivery.

SMA Solar Technology America LLC 2 Function Description
2 Function Description
2.1 Islanding Detection "Anti Islanding"
The islanding detection function detects the formation of unwanted electrical islands and disconnects the inverter from
the utility grid. Unwanted islanding can occur when at the time of utility grid failure, the load in the shut-down sub-grid
is roughly equivalent to the current feed-in power of the PV system or battery storage system. With active islanding
detection, the inverter continuously checks the stability of the utility grid. If the utility grid is intact, this has no impact on
the utility grid and the inverter continues to feed in. Only if an unwanted electrical island has formed will the inverter
disconnect from the utility grid.
The islanding detection function is activated by default according to US Rule 21 in parameter Aid.Mod.
2.2 Grid Support Depending on Grid Voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-

Through"
Three thresholds for minimum grid voltage and two thresholds for maximum grid voltage are defined in accordance
with UL 1741 SA during grid support depending on the grid voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-Through (L/H VRT)".
Each maximum threshold may be exceeded and each minimum threshold may be undershot for a certain time. The
permitted overvoltage and undervoltage ranges are derived from these thresholds and time frames.
1.30
HV2
1.20
HV1
1.10
1.00 NN
0.90
Voltage (per Unit)
0.80 LV1
0.70
0.60 LV2
0.50
0.40
0.30
LV3 Must Trip High Voltage Curve
0.20 Must Trip Low Voltage Curve
Ride-Through High Voltage Curve
0.10
Ride-Through Low Voltage Curve
0.00
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00
Time (s)
Figure 1: Overvoltage and undervoltage ranges for grid support in accordance with the "Low/High Voltage Ride-Through"
Designation Description
Voltage (per unit) Nominal voltage of the connected inverter
Must Trip High Voltage This curve specifies the thresholds within which the shutdown process of the in-
verter must be completed when permitted voltage values are exceeded.
Must Trip Low Voltage This curve specifies the thresholds within which the shutdown process of the in-
verter must be completed when permitted voltage values are undershot.

2 Function Description
2.1 Islanding Detection "Anti Islanding"
The islanding detection function detects the formation of unwanted electrical islands and disconnects the inverter from
the utility grid. Unwanted islanding can occur when at the time of utility grid failure, the load in the shut-down sub-grid
is roughly equivalent to the current feed-in power of the PV system or battery storage system. With active islanding
detection, the inverter continuously checks the stability of the utility grid. If the utility grid is intact, this has no impact on
the utility grid and the inverter continues to feed in. Only if an unwanted electrical island has formed will the inverter
disconnect from the utility grid.
The islanding detection function is activated by default according to US Rule 21 in parameter Aid.Mod.
2.2 Grid Support Depending on Grid Voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-

Through"
Three thresholds for minimum grid voltage and two thresholds for maximum grid voltage are defined in accordance
with UL 1741 SA during grid support depending on the grid voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-Through (L/H VRT)".
Each maximum threshold may be exceeded and each minimum threshold may be undershot for a certain time. The
permitted overvoltage and undervoltage ranges are derived from these thresholds and time frames.
1.30
HV2
1.20
HV1
1.10
1.00 NN
0.90
Voltage (per Unit)
0.80 LV1
0.70
0.60 LV2
0.50
0.40
0.30
LV3 Must Trip High Voltage Curve
0.20 Must Trip Low Voltage Curve
Ride-Through High Voltage Curve
0.10
Ride-Through Low Voltage Curve
0.00
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00
Time (s)
Figure 1: Overvoltage and undervoltage ranges for grid support in accordance with the "Low/High Voltage Ride-Through"
Voltage (per unit) Nominal voltage of the connected inverter
Must Trip High Voltage This curve specifies the thresholds within which the shutdown process of the in-
verter must be completed when permitted voltage values are exceeded.
Must Trip Low Voltage This curve specifies the thresholds within which the shutdown process of the in-
verter must be completed when permitted voltage values are undershot.

Settings Overview for the Disconnection from the Utility Grid in Case of a Voltage Variation
Required parame- Parameter name Minimum Maximum Default value
ters in accordance
with UL 1741 SA
Overvoltage range VCtl.Hi1Lim 100% Vnom 120% Vnom 110% Vnom
HV1
VCtl.Hi1LimTm 100 ms 60000 ms 12500 ms
Overvoltage range VCtl.Hi2Lim 100% Vnom 120% Vnom 120% Vnom
HV2
VCtl.Hi2LimTm 100 ms 59000 ms 160 ms
Additional overvolt- VCtl.Hi3Lim 100% Vnom 120% Vnom –
age range*
VCtl.Hi3LimTm 100 ms 59000 ms –
Undervoltage range VCtl.Lo1Lim 45.00% Vnom 100% Vnom 86% Vnom
LV1
VCtl.Lo1LimTm 100 ms 60000 ms 20500 ms
LV2
LV3
* The additional overvoltage range is not required in accordance with UL 1741 SA and Rule 21. However, it can be optionally set.
In order to receive the certification as per UL 1741 SA on the basis of the requirements from Rule 21, the set thresholds
must not be changed.

2 Function Description SMA Solar Technology America LLC
2.3 Grid Support Depending on Power Frequency "Low/High Frequency

Ride-Through"
Two frequency thresholds both for minimum grid frequency and maximum grid frequency are defined in accordance
with UL 1741 SA / Rule 21 during grid support in dependence of the grid frequency "Low/High Frequency Ride-
Through (L/H FRT)". Each maximum frequency threshold may be exceeded and each minimum frequency threshold
may be undershot for a certain time. The permitted ranges for exceeding or falling below the set frequency are derived
from these frequency thresholds and time frames.
64.00
63.00
HF2 Must Trip High Frequency Curve
Must Trip Low Frequency Curve
62.00
HF1
61.00
Frequency (Hz)
60.00
NN
59.00
58.00
LF1
57.00
56.00
LF2 Ride-Through High Frequency Curve
Ride-Through Low Frequency Curve
55.00
0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
Time (s)
Figure 2: Ranges for exceeding or falling below the set frequency during "Low/High Frequency Ride-Through"
Must Trip High Frequency This curve specifies the thresholds within which the shutdown process of the in-
verter must be completed when permitted frequency is exceeded.
Must Trip Low Frequency This curve specifies the thresholds within which the shutdown process of the in-
verter must be completed when permitted frequency is undershot.
Ride-Through High Frequency This curve specifies how long the inverter must continue feeding in when permit-
ted frequency is exceeded.
Ride-Through Low Frequency This curve specifies how long the inverter must continue feeding in when permit-
ted frequency is undershot.
The inverter continuously checks the power frequency. The inverter continues to feed in up to a set point in time (Ride
Through) when the frequency is exceeded or undershot and then starts the shutdown process. The time within which
the shutdown process must be completed is saved in the inverter via an adjustable parameter defining the time interval
before the latest possible shutdown time (Must Trip).
The grid support in dependence of the grid frequency is activated by default. You can configure the thresholds via the
parameters listed in the following table. The inverter always operates in "Mandatory Operation" mode during grid
support in dependence of the grid frequency.

Settings overview for the disconnection from the utility grid in case of a frequency change
Required parame- Parameter name Minimum Maximum Default value
ters in accordance
with UL 1741 SA
Exceeding range of HzCtl.Hi1Lim 60.1 Hz 62.1 Hz 60.5 Hz
frequency HF1
HzCtl.Hi1LimTm 100 ms 300000 ms 299600 ms
Exceeding range of HzCtl.Hi2Lim 60.6 Hz 62.1 Hz 62 Hz
frequency HF2
HzCtl.Hi2LimTm 100 ms 10000 ms 160 ms
Permitted range if fre- HzCtl.Lo1Lim 57 Hz 60 Hz 58.5 Hz
quency LF1 falls be-
low a specific value HzCtl.Lo1LimTm 100 ms 300000 ms 299600 ms
Permitted range if fre- HzCtl.Lo2Lim 57 Hz 60 Hz 57 Hz

quency LF2 falls be-
low a specific value HzCtl.Lo2LimTm 100 ms 10000 ms 160 ms
In order to receive the certification as per UL 1741 SA on the basis of the requirements from Rule 21, the set thresholds
must not be changed.
2.4 Ramp Rate During Normal Operation "Normal Ramp Rate"

Parameter AmpGra can be used to define how the inverter increases its output power when the PV power is
increased (fluctuation of the irradiation). This means that the inverter, with constant voltage, gradually increases the
power per second by the rate of increase set in this parameter. The rate of increase is set to 100%/s by default. You
can configure the rate of increase via the parameters listed in the table.
Power
Power Gradient
Time
Figure 3: Characteristic curve for inverter ramp-up in "Normal Ramp Rate" mode

Overview of the Required Settings

Required settings Parameter name Minimum Maximum Rule 21
in accordance with with Speedwire/
UL 1741 SA Webconnect
Rate of increase AmpGra 0.17% Inom/s 100% Inom/s 100% Inom/s
"Power Gradient" for
ramp-up of defined
power
2.5 Ramp-Up After Grid Fault "Soft Start Ramp Rate"

Via the function "Soft Start Ramp Rate", you can define how the inverter is to begin with power feed-in after a grid fault.
The rate of increase for power feed-in has the same specifications as the function "Normal Ramp Rate". The function
"Soft Start Ramp Rate" is activated by default in the parameter WGraReconMod. The inverter connects with a rate of
increase of 100% of the nominal current per second. You can change the rate of increase via the parameters listed in
the table.
In addition, a preset time delay of 300 s is activated. After a grid failure, the inverter will wait for the set delay before
feeding into the grid again so that the utility grid can stabilize first. You can change the time of delay via the
parameters listed in the table.
Power
Power Gradient
Time
Figure 4: Characteristic curve for inverter ramp-up according to the "Soft Start Ramp Rate" function

Required settings Parameter name Minimum Maximum Default value
in accordance with with Speedwire/
UL 1741 SA Webconnect
Rate of increase WGraRecon 0.17% Inom/s 100% Inom/s 100% Inom/s
"Power Gradient" for
ramp-up of defined
power
Time delay during re- GriErrTm – – –
connection after a
grid failure

2.6 Fixed specification of a power factor cos φ "Specified Power Factor"

The reactive power is controlled as a function of a fixed power factor cos φ.
The function is deactivated by default. You can activate the function. Depending on the specification source, set the
parameter GriMng.VArMod to PFCtlAnIN, PFCtlCom, AutoCom or PFCtlMan. The power factor is set to 1 by
default after activation. You can configure the power factor and the excitation type of the power factor via the
parameters listed in the table.
S [VA]
+Q [var]
P = S ∙ cos φ
P 2200 kW +cos φ 90°

cos φ = = = 0.8
S 2750 kVA −cos φ P [W] 90°
−Q [var]
−S [VA]
Figure 5: Diagram "Specified Power Factor (cos φ)" with calculation example

Required settings Parameter name Minimum Maximum Default value
in accordance with
UL 1741 SA
Selecting the setpoint GriMng.VArMod - - Off
for the reactive
power
Power factor cos φ PFCtlCom (for specifi- -0.8 0.8 1
cations via Modbus
protocol)
PFCtlMan (for specifi-
cations via parame-
ters)
PFCtlAnIn (for specifi-
cations via ripple
control signal via
analog inverter in-
puts)

2.7 Reactive Power Control as a Function of Grid Voltage "Volt-Var

Mode"
The reactive power is controlled as a function of the grid voltage. By supplying reactive power, the inverter performs
voltage-stabilizing measures in the event of overvoltage or undervoltage. The parameterization is carried out by means
of a reactive power/voltage characteristic curve.
Q1
Inverter
Reactive Power
Terminal
Voltage
Q2, Q3
V1 V2 Vnom V3 V4
Q4
Figure 6: Characteristic curve "Volt-Var" (in this example Q2 and Q3 are the same.)
A quotient is derived from the ratio of the current grid voltage to nominal grid voltage. When the grid voltage is equal
to the defined nominal voltage, the reactive power feed-in is zero. If the grid voltage changes and exceeds or falls
short of a defined threshold, the inverter reacts according to the voltage/reactive power characteristic curve by
adjusting its reactive power feed-in. Four values can be set for each voltage quotient and the applicable reactive
power setpoints separately defined. Four interpolation points can be defined through this parameterization. Thus, the
reactive power/voltage characteristic curve can be flexibly configured.
The reactive power control as a function of grid voltage is deactivated by default. Parameter GriMng.InvVArMod
must be set to VArCtlVol to activate this function. You must activate the characteristic curve before activating the
function. The configuration should take place based on mutual agreement between the PV system operator and the
grid operator. You can change the configuration of this characteristic curve via the parameters listed in the table.

Characteristic in % of Vnom in % of Srtg
curve
1 Most Aggressive V1 98 Q1 60
V2 100 Q2 0
V3 100 Q3 0
V4 102 Q4 -60
2 Average V1 91.9 Q1 30
V2 93.5 Q2 0
V3 106.5 Q3 0
V4 108.1 Q4 -30

Characteristic in % of Vnom in % of Srtg

curve
3 Least Aggressive V1 85 Q1 15
V2 87 Q2 0
V3 113 Q3 0
V4 115 Q4 -15
4 Least Aggressive V1 85 Q1 15
+
V2 100 Q2 0
V3 100 Q3 0
V4 115 Q4 -15
Least Aggressive+ is an additionally certified configuration with minimal deadband and minimal gradients.
Relevant Parameters for the Characteristic Curve Configuration

Parameter Most Aggres- Average Least Aggres- Least Aggres- Unit*
sive sive sive +
VArCtlVol.HiGra1 30 0 0 1 p.u.
VArCtlVol.HiGra2 0 18.75 7.5 0 p.u.
VArCtlVol.HiGra3 0 0 0 0 p.u.
VArCtlVol.HiVolRef2 2 1.065 1.13 2 p.u.
VArCtlVol.HiVolRef3 2 1.081 1.15 2 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoGra1 30 0 0 1 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoGra2 0 18.75 7.5 0 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoGra3 0 0 0 0 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoVolRef1HiVol- 1 1 1 1 p.u.
Ref1
VArCtlVol.LoVolRef2 0 0.935 0.87 0 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoVolRef3 0 0.919 0.85 0 p.u.
* 1 p.u. corresponds to 100%
Permitted Adjustment Range According to UL 1741 SA

Parameter Minimum Maximum Unit*
VArCtlVol.HiGra1 0 30 p.u.
VArCtlVol.HiVolRef2 1 2 p.u.

Parameter Minimum Maximum Unit*

VArCtlVol.HiVolRef3 1 2 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoGra1 1 30 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoVolRef1HiVolRef1 1 1 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoVolRef2 0 1 p.u.
VArCtlVol.LoVolRef3 0 1 p.u.
* 1 p.u. corresponds to 100%
2.8 Active Power Limitation Depending on Power Frequency "Frequency-

Watt Mode"
In the case of active power limitation depending on power frequency, the inverter constantly checks the connected
power frequency and if necessary regulates the active power feed-in.
100% of
available
power
Real Power
Gradient K
0
fmin fnom fstart = fstop fmax
Grid Frequency
Figure 7: Characteristic curve "Frequency-Watt"
If the grid frequency exceeds a defined starting frequency, the inverter reduces the active power feed-in with a defined
gradient. When the grid frequency is dropping, the inverter increases the active power again according to this defined
gradient. In order to map the required characteristic curve in accordance with UL 1741 SA, the starting frequency and
the stopping frequency must be set to the same value in the inverter.
The active power limitation depending on grid frequency is deactivated by default. For activating this function, the
parameter WCtlHzMod has to be set to Enable. Before activating the function, you should configure the
characteristic curve via the parameters listed in the table.

Characteristic curve WCtlHz.Hz1 & WCtlHz.HzGra1 [pu/Hz]
WCtlHz.HzStopMax [Hz]
Characteristic 1 (maximum slope, minimum 60 2
dead band)

Characteristic curve WCtlHz.Hz1 & WCtlHz.HzGra1 [pu/Hz]

WCtlHz.HzStopMax [Hz]
Characteristic 2 (minimum slope, maximum 62 1
dead band)
Additional Characteristic 3 (minimum slope, 60 0.167
minimum dead band)
Characteristic 3 is an additionally certified configuration with minimal deadband and minimal gradients.
Relevant parameters for the characteristic curve configuration

Parameters Characteristic 1 Characteristic 2 Characteristic 3* Unit
WCtlHz.Hz1 60 62 60 Hz
WCtlHz.HzGra1 2 1 0.167 p.u./Hz
WCtlHz.HzGra2 0 0 0 p.u./Hz
* Characteristic 3 is an additionally certified configuration with minimal deadband and minimal gradients.
Permitted adjustment range according to UL 1741 SA

Parameters Minimum Maximum Unit
WCtlHz.Hz1 60 62 Hz
WCtlHz.Hz2 60 65 Hz
WCtlHz.Hz3 60 65 Hz
WCtlHz.Hz4 60 65 Hz
WCtlHz.HzGra1 0.167 2 p.u./Hz

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Technical Information

Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters for SMA

ENGLISH SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 | Version 1.1

2 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

1 Grid Support Utility Interactive Inverters

1.2 Advanced Functionality of SMA Inverters

1.3 Interactive SMA Inverters

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 3

• Sunny Central Storage 2500-EV-US (SCS2500-EV-US-10)

4 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

2.2 Grid Support Depending on Grid Voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 5

2.2 Grid Support Depending on Grid Voltage "Low/High Voltage Ride-

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 5

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 7

2.3 Grid Support Depending on Power Frequency "Low/High Frequency

8 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

Permitted range if fre- HzCtl.Lo2Lim 57 Hz 60 Hz 57 Hz

2.4 Ramp Rate During Normal Operation "Normal Ramp Rate"

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 9

Overview of the Required Settings

2.5 Ramp-Up After Grid Fault "Soft Start Ramp Rate"

Overview of the Required Settings

10 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

2.6 Fixed specification of a power factor cos φ "Specified Power Factor"

P 2200 kW +cos φ 90°

Figure 5: Diagram "Specified Power Factor (cos φ)" with calculation example

Overview of the Required Settings

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 11

2.7 Reactive Power Control as a Function of Grid Voltage "Volt-Var

Overview of the Required Settings

12 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

Characteristic in % of Vnom in % of Srtg

Relevant Parameters for the Characteristic Curve Configuration

Permitted Adjustment Range According to UL 1741 SA

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 13

Parameter Minimum Maximum Unit*

2.8 Active Power Limitation Depending on Power Frequency "Frequency-

Overview of the Required Settings

14 SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 Technical Information

Characteristic curve WCtlHz.Hz1 & WCtlHz.HzGra1 [pu/Hz]

Relevant parameters for the characteristic curve configuration

Permitted adjustment range according to UL 1741 SA

Technical Information SC_SCS-US-GridServices-TI-en-11 15

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