Answers to end-of-chapter
questions
Chapter 9 Industrial inorganic b carbon burned off by oxygen as carbon
dioxide [1]; phosphorus, etc., react with
chemistry calcium oxide/lime to form slag [2] [3]
c surgical instruments, chemical plant, cutlery
1 Although there are some cases where recycling has
(any of these) [1]
significant economic advantages in terms of costs
[Total = 7]
(for example, the recycling of aluminium), this is
not always the case. The most important argument
for recycling is the conservation of natural 4 redox reaction: Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
resources, particularly non-renewable resources of (or give the equation with carbon)
minerals and fuels, for instance. acid/base reaction: CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3
The impact of efficient recycling can be wide- Carbon burns to give heat and form
ranging. The demand for rare metals for the carbon dioxide.
electronics and media industries puts great pressure Carbon dioxide reacts with carbon to form
on the need to find new mineral resources and the carbon monoxide.
development of new mining ventures. This can
Carbon monoxide reduces hematite to iron.
bring conflicts with environmental concerns in
Limestone decomposes to calcium oxide and
some of the most untouched areas of the world.
carbon dioxide.
Efficient recycling could delay some of these
potential clashes of interest. Calcium oxide (lime) reacts with silica to form slag.
(two equations plus three other points of
2 a acidic soil [1] description)
b nitrogen [1] [Total = 5]
c ammonium sulfate + calcium hydroxide →
ammonia + water + calcium sulfate products 5 a i oxygen = top left [1]
or ‘double decomposition’ [2] ii slag = right [1]
d CaCO3 [1] iiimolten steel = bottom left [1]
e CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 [2] b i They are gases. [1]
f water is added [1] ii They react together to form calcium
g N2 + 3H2 2NH3; high pressure, moderate phosphate, which is a solid, and form slag,
temperature (or values), catalyst [4] which floats on the steel. [3]
h 2SO2 + O2 2SO3; moderate temperature, c i D [1]
catalyst [4] ii surgical instruments, chemical plant,
[Total = 16] cutlery (any of these) [1]
[Total = 9]
3 a A: yes will rust, has air and water [1];
B: no, has air but no water [1];
C: no, has air and water but protected/coated
with zinc [1] [3]
© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 9 1
6 a i heating/roasting in air [1]
ii ZnO + C → Zn + CO [2]
b Zinc is more reactive [1] so it loses electrons
[1] to become an ion [1] more easily. [3]
[Total = 6]
7 a decomposition [1]
b so that the ions are free to move [1]
c to lower the operating temperature by
lowering the melting point, or by lowering
the melting point of the electrolyte [1]
d B [1]
e anode = oxygen or carbon dioxide [1];
cathode = aluminium [1] [2]
f because they burn away [1] in the oxygen [1] [2]
g Al3+ + 3e− → Al [1]
h pans, cans, power cables, aircraft bodies, etc. [1]
[Total = 10]
© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 9 2
