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Concept of Factorial

The document discusses factorials, including their concept, properties, and applications. Specifically, it defines a factorial as the product of integers from 1 to a given integer n. It then covers properties such as factorials being equal to products of integers less than or equal to the number, and properties related to sums, differences, products, and divisions of factorials. Finally, it provides examples of applications of factorials, such as counting arrangements, and provides some interesting facts about large factorials.

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Ganesh Ji
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223 views13 pages

Concept of Factorial

The document discusses factorials, including their concept, properties, and applications. Specifically, it defines a factorial as the product of integers from 1 to a given integer n. It then covers properties such as factorials being equal to products of integers less than or equal to the number, and properties related to sums, differences, products, and divisions of factorials. Finally, it provides examples of applications of factorials, such as counting arrangements, and provides some interesting facts about large factorials.

Uploaded by

Ganesh Ji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/2/2018 1

BBA 103 Business Mathematics

BUSINESS
MATHEMATICS
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 2

Outline

• Concept of Factorial
• Properties of factorial
• Application of factorial
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 3

What You Should Learn

• How to use factorial to solve different problems


• Application of factorial
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 4

Factorial Concept

Factorial is quite a simple concept. It is just a product and is denoted


by exclamation sign. The operation of factorial is utilized in many different
branches of mathematics, most notably in algebra, calculus, mathematical
analysis and even in combinations. Factorials are used to find the different
number of ways in order to arrange a set of objects in a sequence.
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 5

Factorial Concept
• The factorial, symbolized by an exclamation mark (!), is a quantity defined
for all integers greater than or equal to 0.
• For an integer n greater than or equal to 1, the factorial is the product of all
integers less than or equal to n but greater than or equal to 1.
• The factorial value of 0 is defined as equal to 1.
• The factorial values for negative integers are not defined.
• the factorial of any number is that number times the factorial of (that number
minus 1)
• For example:
• 10! = 10 × 9!, ... and 125! = 125 × 124!, etc.
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 6

Factorial Concept
• Mathematically, the formula for the factorial is as follows.
If n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, then
n ! = n ( n - 1)( n - 2)( n - 3) ... (3)(2)(1)

• Evaluate 6!.
1×2×3×4×5×6 = 720
We can also simplify the factorial as
5! = 5 X 4 X 3 X 2 X 1
= 5 X 4! Or 5 X 4 X 3! Or 5 X 4 X 3!
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 7

Factorial Concept
• Simplify the following:
(a) 4!

(b) 5!

8!
(c)
6!
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 8

Factorial Concept
The properties related to factorial function are as follows:

• Factorial is equal to product of integers equal to and less than the


required factorial integer itself. i.e. n! = n x (n - 1) x ... x 2 x 1.
n! = n (n - 1)!.

(𝐧+𝟏)!
• Factorial may also be expressed as : n! =
𝐧+𝟏

• Factorial of zero: 0! = 1.
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 9

Factorial Concept
The properties related to factorial function are as follows:

• Factorial of a sum of numbers is not equal to sum of the factorials of the


numbers separately, such that (a + b)! ≠≠ a! + b!
5! + 2! ≠ 7!, Rather the independent value of 5! and 2! is calculated and we
add them so it will become 120 + 2 = 122

• Factorial of a difference of numbers is also not equal to difference of the


factorials of the numbers separately, such that (a - b)! ≠≠ a! - b!.
5! - 2! ≠ 3!, Rather the independent value of
5! and 2! is calculated and we subtract them
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 10

Factorial Concept
The properties related to factorial function are as follows:

• Factorial of a product of numbers is not equal to product of the factorials


of numbers separately, such that (a x b)! ≠≠ a! x b!.
5! X 2! ≠ 10!, Rather the independent value of 5! and 2! is calculated and
we multiply them so it will become 120 X 2 = 240

• Factorial of a division of numbers is also not equal to division of the

factorials of the numbers separately, such that (a ÷ b)! ≠≠ a! ÷ b!.


6! 6×5×4×3×2×1
≠2! !, Rather the independent value is solved s = 120
3! 1×2×3
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 11

Factorial Concept
Application of factorial:
The most common application in the arrangement
For example: we have 5 persons and we want to arrange them in 5
different positions ☺☺☺☺☺ — — — — —
—————
1 2 3 4 5

5☺ × 𝟒☺ × 𝟑 ☺ × 𝟐☺ × 𝟏☺ = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 (which is 5!)


8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 12

Factorial Concept
Interesting Facts:
Six weeks is exactly 10! seconds (=3,628,800)

Seconds in 6 weeks: 60 × 60 × 24 × 7 × 6
(2 × 3 × 10) × (3 × 4 ×
Factor some numbers:
5) × (8 × 3) × 7 × 6
2×3×4×5×6×7×8
Rearrange:
× 3 × 3 × 10
2×3×4×5×6×7×8
Lastly 3×3=9:
× 9 × 10
8/2/2018 BBA 103 Business Mathematics 13

Factorial Concept

There are 52! ways to


shuffle a deck of cards.
That is 8.0658175... ×
1067
Just shuffle a deck of
cards and it is likely that
you are the first person
ever with that particular
order.

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