Example 6.5 What will be the number of poles of a 3-phase, 50 Hz synchronous generator running at a speed of 187.5 rpm. Which type of prime mover would you suggest for this machine? Solution: Frequency, = 50 Hz Speed, N, = 1875 rpm a p= 120F _ 12050 _ 39 (ans) Ns 187-5 Since the speed of the synchronous generators very low the prime-mover would be a water turbine (hydraulic-turbine), For such a large number of poles the machine would be a salient-pole type. Example 6.6 The armature coils of a 3-phase, 4-pole, 24-slot alternator are short pitched by one slot. Determine (i) distribution factor and (ii) pitch factor. Solution: No. of phases = 3; No. of poles, P= 4 No, of slots = 24; No. of slots per pole = 2 = 6 saree tensed gOSeaee Slot pitch, a = oF slow/pole > No. of slots/pole/phase, m = 4 ma 2x30 ata Soest 0-9659 (Ans.) 2 Angle by which the coil is short pitched, B = a = 30° Distribution factor, Ky = Pitch factor or coil span factor, K, = cos 6 = cos 3 = 0-9659 (Ans.) Example 6.7, Determine the distribution and coil span factor of a 4-pole, which carries a short-pitched winding with a span of 8 slots. -phase alternator having 36-slots Solution: No. of poles, P = ; No. of slots = 36 No. of phases = ; Coil span = 8 slots (short pitch winding) 180° = 180°X 4 _ 90 Slot pitch. a= X>Fslow/pole > 33 No. of slots/pole/phase, m Distribution factor, K, = —2— = 2 -9598 (Ans.) msin& — 3sin? 2 2 Coil span for full pitch winding = No.of slots 9 No. of poles 4 No. of slots by which the coil is short pitched = 9 ~ 8 = 1 Angle by which the coil is short pitched = 1 x a= 20° Pitch factor, K, = cos = eos 20Example 6.8 A 3-phase, 20-pole, SOHz alternator has single-layer winding with full-pitch coils. The coils are connected in 60° phase group and each coil is having six turns. If the flux per pole is 0.025 Wb, determine the rms value of emf induced per phase. Solution: No. of poles, P = 20; Frequeney, f= 50 Hz No. of slots = 180; Flux per pole, ¢ = 00025 Wb No. of turnsfcoil = 6; Coil span factor, K, = 1 (fullpitch winding) Winding is single layer, full-pitehed, thee-phase No.ofsasplepase,m = i = 3 MOP 8 0 a Sere t No. of slots/pole 180, dea) Distribution factor, K, No. of turns per phase, Try = Induced emfiphase, Ey = 444 KK, OFT 444 x 1 x 0.9598 x 0.025 x 50x 360 = 1917-7 V (Ans.) Example 6.9 Calculate the no-load terminal voltage of a 3-phase, 8-pole, star connected alternator running at 750 rpm having following data: Sinusoidally distributed flux per pole = 35m Wb Total No. of armature stots = 72 Number of conductors4stot = 10 Distribution factor = 0:96 Assume full pitch windings. Solution: No. of poles, P = 8; 750 rpm Flux, @ = 55 x 10° Wb; No. of slots = 72 No. of conductors/slot = 10; Distribution factor, K, = 0.96 For full pitch winding, Coil span factor, K, Distribution factor is given, therefore, it is not to be calculated = 2x10 No.of turasphase, fy = 22210 «120 PN, _ gx supply egueny f= PM = 8780 «5 Emf induced per phase, Ey = 444 K Kf OT y = 4:44 x 10.96 x 50x 55 x 10° x 120 = 14066 V Since the alternator is star connected; No-oad terminal voltage, E, = V3 Ey = Vx 1406-6 = 24368 V (Ans) Example 6.10 Calculate the voltage per phase for a 3-phase 1500 rpm, 4-pole alternator having a double layer winding with 16 turns per coil. The slots per pole per phase are 8 and the coil span is 20 slots. The phase spread is 60° and the flux per pole is 25-8 x 10 weber Solution: No. of poles, P = 4 Speed, N, = 1500 rpm. No. of slots/pole/phase, m = 8 Coil span = 20 slots Flux per pole, 6 = 25:8 x 10° Wb Pole pitch = No. of slots/pole = m x No, of phases = No. of slots by which coil is short pitched = pole pitch ~ coil span = 24 — 20 = 4 slots 180° No.of slowpole ~ x3=24 2 180° = 7. 5° te Sot pitch, = 80" 75° etect, Angle by which the coil is short pitched, Be4xa=4x75=30° Cet span actor K, = cov = cos 32 = 0-659Distribution factor, K, Supply frequency, For double layer winding: No. of conductorsislot = 16+ 16 = 32 (double layer) No. of slots/phase x 32 No. of turns/phase, Ty 1m x No. of poles x 32 Emf induced per phase: 444 K Kil OT y = 4-44 x 0.9659 x 0.9556 x 50 258 x 10° x 512 = 2706-77 V (Ans) Example 6.11 What will be the rms value of emf induced per phase in 3-phase, 6-pole, star-connected alternator having a stator with 90 slots and 8 conductors per slot? The flux per pole is 410-2 Wb and it runs ata speed of 1000 rpm. Assume ful-pitched coils and sinusoidal flux distribution. Solution: No.of phases = 3 (tar connested 0; No.of eonductorssot = 8 1000 rpm Flux per pole, @ = 4 x 10 Wb Col span factor, K, = 1 (ci is ful pithed) 908 No.of tumsphas,7y = 2028 = 129 80 No.of sotpoeyphase,m = 220; 180° ae Str pieha = 5 gl ae 2° (eect) sin gin 3% 12 Distribution factor, K,, a 0.9567 insin PN, _ 6 «1000 Froquency, f= PM = $2100 50 4, Generated empphase, By = 444K, Ky bE 4-44 x 1 x 0-9567 x 4x 10? x 50 x 120 019-4 (Ans) Terminal votage at no-load = v3 x Ey (tar connections) = V3 x 1019-4 = 1765-7 V (Ans.) Example 6.12 Determine the useful flux per pole required to develop 6600 V across the terminals of a 3-phase, star connected, 50 Hz, 4-pole alternator having 60 slots with 2 conductors per slot. The coils are short pitched such that if one coil side lies in slot No.l and the other lies in slot No.13. Assume a double-layer winding. Solution: Number of poles, P = 4; Frequency, f= 50 Hz No. of slots = 60: No. of conductorsistot = 2 ‘Terminal voltage, E, = 6600 V No.of slots. _ 60 _ 45 stots Poe pitch = Mo Srey = Sp = HS sls Coil pitch = 13-1 = 12 slots No. of slots by which coil is short pitched = 15 ~ 12=3 180° 180° Slot pitch. 2= So-spsjowpore = “TS = 20" eles Angle by which coi is short pitched, x a= 3x 12-36" elect. B 2 0-951 No.of slotsipole/phase, m = 760 eG sin! in S212 Distribution factor, Ky = 2 = 2 nsin®5sin 2 2 2 No. of tums/phas Fs, _ 600 Induced emjphase, Ey, = Ee = $600 = 3810.5 V Wass yy = Te = SE Now, Ey = 444 KK FO Ty, z, a Useful fuxipote, TERK Ts 3810-5 FAT R 0-951 x 0- 9567 x 50% 20 = 09433 Wh (Ans)Example 6.13 A three-phase, 16 pole, 50 Hz star connected alternator has 144 slots and 10 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 2-48 x 10°? weber sinusoidally distributed. The coil pitch is2 slots short of full itch. Find (i) speed (i) line emf Solution: No. of poles, P = 16; Frequency, f= 50 Hz 144, Flux/pole, ¢ = 2-48% 10 Wb No. of conductors/slot = 10 (3-phase, star connected) No. of slot Coil is short pitched by 2 slots Synchronous specd, N, = 20L. = 120% 50 _ 978 gpm (Ans) P 16 : 180°___ 180° 16 — 99° (elec, Slot pitch, = esr slowwpole rad — 20" Cece) Angle by which the coil is short pitched, B= 2x0 =2«20°=40° Cel span factor, = cos = cos = 09397 [No.of slots/pole/phase, m = M4 = 3 Toxd in320 MR 0.9598 ain No.of turnphane, Ty = M4210 = 240 Generated emfphase, Ey, = 444 K, KS 6 Toy = 4-44 x 0-9397 x 9598 x 258 x 10 x 50x 240 19175V Line voltage, E, = Vk = V5 x 1191.75 =20682 V (Ans) Example 6.14 AIOMVA, ITY, 50 He, three-phase, star-connected alternator is driven at 300 rev/min. The stator winding is housed in 360 slots and has 6 conductors per slot. The coils spanning five-sixth of a pole pitch, Calculate: (The sinusoidally distributed flux/pole required to give a line voltage of 11 kV on open circuit; and (ii) the full load current per conductor. Solution: 10x 10° VA, Line voltage, E, = 11 kV = Il x 10°V 300 rpm; Frequency, f= 50 Hz 360; No. of conductors/slot = 6 s 180) = 150° elect. 5 8 x pote piten = § = 180~ 150 = 30° elect 8 Angle by which coil is short pitched, Cai span ator, k= cos = con32 = 0.9689 No.of potes, P= OL No. of slots/pole/phase, m = 300, = 6 Site = gg = A a sin 2 gin X10 2 2. 0-5 Distribution factor, Ky —- = 0-9561 peepamlerccgus lar 03 9220 2 2 No.of turns/phase, 7, Induced, emiphase, Ey, = fe = HAO" 6350-8 V Now, Ey 24M K KS OT Flux/pol Fos WP b= aR Ty 6350-8 TAO 9698 x 0- 956T 50% 360 = 86m Wb (Ans) Rated output _ 1010" Full load current/conductor, BE, NB x11 10° Example 6.15 The armature of a 6600 volt, three-phase, 20-pole, 300 rpm star-connecied alternator has 180 slots. The flux per pole is 80 m Wh and the coil span ix 160° electrical. Determine the number of conductors in series per phase. Solution: Line voltage, E, = 6600 V; No. of poles, P = 20 Speed, N, = 300 rpm; No. of slot = 180 Coil span = 160° elects Flux per pole, ¢ = 80x 10 Wb Frequency, f= Ps = 20%300 59 447 120 ~~ 120Angle by which coil is short pitched, B = 180 - 160 = 20° elect. Coil span factor, K, cos = cos 0 00-9848 _ _180 No. ofslts/pole/phase, m = 55 80- _ 180° 180° x20 _ 49 Slot pitch. = Sop stonTpole TRY = 207 eect sin 3X20 Distribution factor, K, = —2_ Induced emf per phase, E,,, Now, Eqn No. of tumns/phase, 7,, 3810-5, = 4-44 x 0- 9548 x 0- 9598 x 50 x 80 x 10 No. of conductors in series per phase, Z,, = 2 T,,= 2x 227 = 484 (Ans.) 227