Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Elements, Compounds, and
Mixtures
www.middleschoolscience.com 2009
Pure Substances
 A sample of matter that has definite chemical and
physical properties.
Elements
 pure substance that cannot be separated into
simpler substance by physical or chemical
means.
The Atom
An atom consists of a
 Nucleus ( protons and neutrons)
 electrons in space around the nucleus.
Electron cloud
Nucleus
• The building blocks of
Matter
• Consists of Protons (+),

Electrons (-),
and Neutrons (N).
•Smallest unit of an
element that has all of he
same properties of that
element.
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Atoms of two or more different elements
joined together by chemical bonds.
In the animation above, water (H20) is a

compound made of Hydrogen and
Oxygen.
Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
composed of atoms and so can be
decomposed(broken down) to those
atoms.
The red compound is

composed of
• nickel (Ni) (silver)
• carbon (C) (black)
• hydrogen (H) (white)
• oxygen (O) (red)
• nitrogen (N) (blue)
Compounds
 Made of elements in a specific ratio
that is always the same
 Have their own physical and chemical
properties.
 Can only be separated by
chemical means, not physically
 Smallest particle is a molecule
• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of
the same element, or different elements, that are
chemically bound together.
• In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms

(N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .
Chemical Bonds
 Molecules are held together by bonds

 Ionic bonds
 Covalent bonds
IONS
 IONS are atoms or groups of atoms
with a positive or negative charge. .

 To tell the difference between an atom
and an ion, look to see if there is a
charge in the superscript! Examples:
Na+ Ca+2 I- O-2
Na Ca I O
Forming Positive & Negative
Ions
A Positive ion An Negative ion
forms when an forms when an
atom loses one or atom gains one or
more electrons. more electrons
Mg --> Mg2+ (2 e- lost) F + e- --> F-

IONIC BONDS
 metals (Mg) lose electrons -- positive ion
 nonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> negative ion
 OPPOSITES ATTRACT EACH OTHER!
 positive ion IS ATTRACTED TO negative ion

Charges on Common Ions
-3 -2 -1
+1
+2
By losing or gaining e-, atom has same number of e-

’s as nearest Group 8A atom. ( 8 the MAGIC #)
Cl
Covalent Bonds
Form when two or more

atoms SHARE electrons
Mixtures
 A combination of two or more pure substances
that are not chemically combined.
 substances held together by physical forces, not
chemical
 No chemical change takes place
 Each item retains its properties
in the mixture
 They can be separated physically
Chem4kids.com
• Uniform ( the same) Distribution.
• Example: Sugar dissolved in Water
• Solutions are groups of molecules that are

mixed up in a completely even distribution.

• The substance to be dissolved.
• The one doing the dissolving.

• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles
found in solutions and suspensions .
• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without

settling out.
•• The substances are not uniformly mixed.
• Example: Sand in a glass of water.

• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts
that are visible to the naked eye.
• Substances will settle over time.
Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

Mixtures vs. Compounds
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml
Can you identify the following?
You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each
photo represents an item composed of an element,
compound, or mixture.
Review:
 An element contains just one type of atom.
 A compound contains two or more different atoms
joined together.
 A mixture contains two or more different
substances that are only physically joined together,
not chemically.
 A mixture can contain both elements and compounds.
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Copper
Jelly Beans
Jelly Beans
Table Sugar
Table Sugar
Diamond
Diamond
Tea
Tea
Salt
Salt
Neon Gas
Neon Gas
Salad
Salad
Pure Water
Pure Water
Aluminum
Aluminum
Lemonade
Lemonade
Silver
Silver
Sand
Sand
Notes
 Detailed notes are located at:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/elements-compounds-
mixtures-notes-isn.pdf
 Flow Chart:
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/matter-flow-chart-
isn.pdf

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elements, Compounds, and

• Consists of Protons (+),

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

In the animation above, water (H20) is a

Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

The red compound is

• In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms

 Molecules are held together by bonds

with a positive or negative charge. .

Mg --> Mg2+ (2 e- lost) F + e- --> F-

 OPPOSITES ATTRACT EACH OTHER!

 positive ion IS ATTRACTED TO negative ion

By losing or gaining e-, atom has same number of e-

Form when two or more

• Solutions are groups of molecules that are

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• The one doing the dissolving.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Substances will settle over time.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

You might also like