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FV Diffusion

This document describes the finite volume method for solving diffusion problems. It presents the governing differential equation, integrates it over a control volume to obtain an algebraic equation, and describes how to discretize and solve the equation numerically on a grid with different boundary conditions.

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Nâzım Koşan
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25 views13 pages

FV Diffusion

This document describes the finite volume method for solving diffusion problems. It presents the governing differential equation, integrates it over a control volume to obtain an algebraic equation, and describes how to discretize and solve the equation numerically on a grid with different boundary conditions.

Uploaded by

Nâzım Koşan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Section 3: Finite Volume Method for Diffusion Problems

Governing Differential Equation for a Diffusion Problem

𝜕 𝜕𝜙 𝜕 𝜕𝜙
(Γ ) + (Γ ) + 𝑆 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
or, in vector form:
∇ ∙ (Γ∇𝜙)+S=0

Integrate Over Control Volume

∫ ∇ ∙ (Γ∇𝜙)𝑑𝑉 + ∫ 𝑆𝑑𝑉 = 0

Apply the Gauss Divergence Theorem, which converts the volume


integral to a surface integral, and is given as

∫ ∇ ∙ 𝑎 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆

Applied to our integral we find

∫ Γ∇𝜙 ∙ 𝑛̂ 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝑆𝑑𝑉 = 0
Typical Finite Volume Mesh and Terminology
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝐴𝑒 Γ𝑒 | − 𝐴𝑤 Γ𝑤 | + 𝐴𝑛 Γ𝑛 | − 𝐴𝑠 Γ𝑠 | + 𝑆̅Δ𝑥Δ𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝑒 𝜕𝑥 𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝑛 𝜕𝑦 𝑠
Finite-difference approximation for derivatives
𝜕𝜙 𝜙𝐸 − 𝜙𝑃
| = + 𝑂(𝛿𝑥)2
𝜕𝑥 𝑒 (𝛿𝑥)𝑒
and
source term linearization
𝑆̅Δ𝑥Δ𝑦 = 𝑆𝑢 + 𝑆𝑝 𝜙𝑝
results in
𝜙𝐸 − 𝜙𝑃 𝜙𝑃 − 𝜙𝑊 𝜙𝑁 − 𝜙𝑃 𝜙𝑃 − 𝜙𝑆
Δ𝑦 (Γ𝑒 − Γ𝑤 ) + Δ𝑥 (Γ𝑛 − Γ𝑠 )
(𝛿𝑥)𝑒 (𝛿𝑥)𝑤 (𝛿𝑦)𝑛 (𝛿𝑦)𝑠
+ 𝑆𝑢 + 𝑆𝑃 𝜙𝑃 = 0

Rearrange as
Γ𝑤 Δ𝑦 Γ𝑒 Δ𝑦 Γ𝑠 Δ𝑥 Γ𝑛 Δ𝑥
( + + + − 𝑆𝑝 ) 𝜙𝑃
(𝛿𝑥)𝑤 (𝛿𝑥)𝑒 (𝛿𝑦)𝑠 (𝛿𝑦)𝑛
Γ𝑤 Δ𝑦 Γ𝑒 Δ𝑦 Γ𝑛 Δ𝑥 Γ𝑠 Δ𝑥
= 𝜙𝑊 + 𝜙𝐸 + 𝜙𝑁 + 𝜙 + 𝑆𝑢
(𝛿𝑥)𝑤 (𝛿𝑥)𝑒 (𝛿𝑦)𝑛 (𝛿𝑦)𝑠 𝑆

𝐴𝑃 𝜙𝑃 = 𝐴𝑊 𝜙𝑊 + 𝐴𝐸 𝜙𝐸 + 𝐴𝑆 𝜙𝑆 + 𝐴𝑁 𝜙𝑁 + 𝑆𝑢

Γ𝑤 Δ𝑦
𝐴𝑊 =
(𝛿𝑥)𝑤
Γ𝑒 Δ𝑦
𝐴𝐸 =
(𝛿𝑥)𝑒
Γ𝑠 Δ𝑥
𝐴𝑆 =
(𝛿𝑦)𝑠
Γ𝑛 Δ𝑥
𝐴𝑁 =
(𝛿𝑦)𝑛
𝐴𝑃 = 𝐴𝑊 + 𝐴𝐸 + 𝐴𝑆 + 𝐴𝑁 − 𝑆𝑃

**********************************************************
Boundaries
A) Fixed (Dirichlet) boundary condition (i.e., set 𝜙 on a boundary)
Look at west boundary as an example
Find
−Γ𝑤 Δ𝑦
𝑆𝑝 =
((𝛿𝑥)𝑤 /2)
Γ𝑤 Δ𝑦
𝑆𝑢 = 𝜙
((𝛿𝑥)𝑤 ⁄2) 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝑊 = 0
What did we do? “Cut the link” to west boundary and utilized source
terms to implement boundary condition.

B) Derivative (Neumann) boundary condition on the west boundary


𝑆𝑃 = 0
𝜕𝜙
𝑆𝑢 = −𝐴𝑤 Γ𝑤 |
𝜕𝑥 𝑤
𝐴𝑊 = 0
*******************************************************
Solution algorithm
Successive over relaxation iterative scheme
Ω
𝜙𝑃 = 𝜙𝑃 + (𝐴 𝜙 + 𝐴𝐸 𝜙𝐸 + 𝐴𝑆 𝜙𝑆 + 𝐴𝑁 𝜙𝑁 + 𝑆𝑢 − 𝐴𝑃 𝜙𝑃 )
𝐴𝑃 𝑊 𝑊
0< Ω<2
*********************************************************
Example Problem
Solve the following problem using the finite-volume method:

∇2 𝜙=0

0≤𝑥≤1 0≤𝑦≤1

Set the boundary conditions as:

𝜙(0, 𝑦) = 0; 𝜙(1, 𝑦) = 𝑦; 𝜙(𝑥, 0) = 0; 𝜙(𝑥, 1) = 𝑥

This problem is of the form:

∇ ∙ (Γ∇ϕ) = 0

with Γ = 1.

The problem has the analytic solution 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦.


Consequently, we can determine our numerical errors.
Simple Code in Fortran90

! PROGRAM TO SOLVE LAPLACE EQUATION OVER DOMAIN


! 0<=x<=1, 0<=y<=1
! with boundary conditions phi=x*y
!**************************************************
implicit none
integer, parameter :: nx=25, ny=25
integer :: i,j,iterations
real :: x,y,z,dx,dy,omega
real, dimension(1:nx,1:ny) :: AE,AW,AN,AS,AP,SP,SU
real, dimension(0:nx+1,0:ny+1) :: phi
!**************************************************
dx=1./float(nx); dy=1./float(ny)
! initialize all SU and SP to interior cell values of zero
SU=0; SP=0
phi=0.0
! initialize AE,AW,AN,AS,AP over all cells
! to the values over the interior cells
AE=1.; AW=1.; AN=1.; AS=1.
!*************************************************
! set wall boundary values (overwrite initialization values)
! west boundary
AW(1,:)=0. !cut link
SU(1,:)=0.
SP(1,:)=-2.

! east boundary
AE(NX,:)=0. !cut link
SP(NX,:)=-2.
do j=1,NY
SU(NX,j)=2.*( (dy/2.) + dy*float(j-1) )
end do

! south boundary
AS(:,1)=0. !cut link
SU(:,1)=0.
SP(:,1)=-2.
! north boundary
AN(:,NY)=0. ! cut link
SP(:,NY)=-2.
do i=1,NX
SU(i,NY)=2.*( (dx/2.) + dx*float(i-1) )
end do

corner cell boundary values


! southwest
AS(1,1)=0. ! cut links
AW(1,1)=0.
SU(1,1)=0.
SP(1,1)=-4.

! northwest
AN(1,ny)=0. ! cut links
AW(1,ny)=0.
SU(1,ny)=2.*(dx/2.)
SP(1,ny)=-4.
! southeast
AS(nx,1)=0. ! cut links
AE(nx,1)=0.
SU(nx,1)=2.*(dy/2.)
SP(nx,1)=-4.

! northeast
AN(nx,ny)=0. ! cut links
AE(nx,ny)=0.
SU(nx,ny)=2.*((dx/2.) + dx*float(nx-1)) + 2.*((dy/2.) + dy*float(ny-1))
SP(nx,ny)=-4.
AP=AE+AW+AN+AS-SP

! Successive Over-Relaxation ITERATIVE SOLVER


omega=1.7 ! relaxation factor
do iterations=1,500 ! set iterations over interior cells to 500
do i=1,nx
do j=1,ny
phi(i,j)=phi(i,j) + omega/AP(i,j)*(AE(i,j)*phi(i+1,j)+ &
AW(i,j)*phi(i-1,j)+AN(i,j)*phi(i,j+1)+ &
AS(i,j)*phi(i,j-1)+SU(i,j)-AP(i,j)*phi(i,j))
end do; end do; end do
!*************************************************
! WRITE comma separated DATA FILE FOR PARAVIEW
open(unit=10,file='results.csv')
write(10,*)'x coord, y coord, z coord, phi'

! write out Interior data points


do i=1,nx
do j=1,ny
x=dx/2+float(i-1)*dx
y=dy/2+float(j-1)*dy
z=0.
write(10,*)x,',',y,',',z,',',phi(i,j)
end do; end do
! write west boundary values
do j=1,ny
y=dy/2+float(j-1)*dy
write(10,*)0.0,',',y,',',0.0,',',0.0
end do;

! write east boundary values


do j=1,ny
y=dy/2+float(j-1)*dy
write(10,*)1.0,',',y,',',0.0,',',y
end do

! write south boundary values


do i=1,nx
x=dx/2+float(i-1)*dx
write(10,*)x,',',0.0,',',0.0,',',0.0
end do;
! write north boundary values
do i=1,nx
x=dx/2+float(i-1)*dx
write(10,*)x,',',1.0,',',0.0,',',x
end do;
! write corner boundary values
write(10,*)0.0,',',0.0,',',0.0,',',0.0 ! southwest

write(10,*)0.0,',',1.0,',',0.0,',',0.0 ! northwest

write(10,*)1.0,',',0.0,',',0.0,',',0.0 ! southeast

write(10,*)1.0,',',1.0,',',0.0,',',1.0 ! northeast

end

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