PYRAMID 1MRK 500 016-BEN

Page 1

Substation Automation November 1995

Changed since March 1992
Replaces 1MDBOOOQ4-EN
The total coordinated protection and Dala subject lo change wilhoul nolice
ABB Network Partner
controi concept

Features .Protection for all applications .Distributed intelligence

.Controi with flexible system functions .User-friendly work places
.Cornmunication with fibre optics .Improved performance and availability
.Sel11-supervision and diagnostic .Step by step implementation
.Support of hardware and software .A total substation autorrlation concept
.State of the art microprocessor technology

Application General Separate transducers of voltage and currents can

PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation incllJdes, as however be added to conventionai relays.
a part of the Panorama Concept. a c:omplete By this arrangement both existing relays and new
range of flexible object terminals, functional sub- numerical relays can communicate via a common
station controi and substation monitoring sys- fibre-optic bus. This makes PYRAMIO@ Substa-
tems. All of the building blocks are based on tion Automation suitable for partial retrofit as weil
state of the art numerical technology, compatible as completely new installations.
with conventionai equipment. The new, improved
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation has four
technology can thus be implemented step by
corner stones:
step from stand-alone protective relays to com-
-Protection
plete coordinated protection and controi sys-
-Communication
tems. The blocks included in PYRAMIO@
-Controi
Substation Automation can be used as stand-
alone protection units or be building blocks in a -Self-supervision
complete Substation Monitoring System (SMS), One of the main advantages of PVRAMIO@ Sub-
Substation Controi System (SCS), and Relay station Automation is that it may include building
Testing and Simulation System (RTS). blocks from various product ranges and genera-
tions. High performance and total quaiity are the
ABB can offer a comprehensive range of numerical
major requirements for each building block.
protection terminals for generation. transmission,
distribution and industry. These state of the art Continuity for old and new products including
products offers many new possibilities. Communi- openess for the future such as for new sensors
cation of load and fault data gives a new dimension or intelligent switchgear.
to protection and controi. PYRAMIO@ Substation
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation enables
Automation even allows the connection of existing
efticient power network management by provid-
or new static/electromechanical relays. However
ing modular solutions for protection, controi,
the information from these relays is limited to data
monitoring and communication for substations.
from signal contacts included in the relays.
 -.
ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automation
The total coordinated protection and controi concept

Application (Cbnt'd) Substation Monitoring and Controi Systems PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation functions:
User-minded design and functional interf.ace Overview
are the two main requirements for the man Man machine interface (MMI):
machine interface (MMf). -Operation of powefequipmerit (switchgeaf)
The information is structured for operation in the -Data presentation
substation controi system (SCS) and for evalua- -Engineer's support
tion in the substation monitoring system (SMS). -Supervision
SCS provides fast information/action such as
event recording and switchgear controi. The oper- Remote controi interfacing:
ator's workplace is adapted for safe and reliable -Adaption for serial communication with controi
communication between the operator and SCS. centres via various protocols
The engineer's workplace, which can be a sta- Automatic functions and controi sequences
tionary or portable PC (Ioca! or remote) is a new .'nterlocking of switching devices
tool to assure fast analys is of disturbances. Win- .Synchrocheck function
dows based evaluation software such as REVAL .Tap-changer controi for voltage regulation
and RESOA save-time and produce user .Load transfer for parailei transformers
friendly reports. Other software packages, for
.Switching sequences
example CT CURVES, a tool for makingselectiv- .Local power restoration
ity plans for distribution systems and RCALC
.Autoreclosing
simulation and setting calculation program for .Contral of re~ctive power
transmission, can be included.
.Application programs
A two-level communication structure
The entire substation is controlled and super- båta acquisitfbh and handling:
vised from th~ higher station level, while indj- .Remqte data acquisition
vidual lines," trårisformers;etc. are controlleId .Oatae~luatlbn
and protected from the lower bay level. A .Energy measurement
number of dedicated controi and protection .Event list
terminals are provided for bay level controi. .Alarm list
This structure simplifies future expansion; i.e. .Reports
the installation of additional bays. .Printed output: event logs, reports
.Oisturbance recordjng
The distributed structure increases the availability,
because an internai fault will aftect onlyasmall Condition monitoring:
part of the equipment. Since the most important .Gas density monitdring (GIS)
functions are located at the bay level, the opera- .Supervision and self-diagnostics
tion of a bay can be maintained even if an internai .Circuit breaker monitoring
fault occurs at the substation level. The equipment
.Temperature mönitöring
for each bay is housed in one or more cubicles
which can be assembled and tested at the factory. Protection functions:
This reduces on-site erection and commissioning .Generator protection
work. Information is transferred between the two .Line protection
levels via a serial station bus. .Bus protection
Station-oriented signal collection and the serial .Transformer protection
transmission of information between the two lev- .Feeder protection
els considerably reduces the amount of cabling .Motor protection
required. Oisturbance free transmission has Protection Terminals
been achieved by using a fibre-optic bus. The PYRAMID@ Substation Automatbn provides a full
ABB has the experience range of numerical protection terminals with canmu-
Over the years, ABB has designed and manufac- nication to SMS or SCS.
tured protective relays and controi equipment for Depending on the application each terminal
substations in power transmission and distribution with communication is named according to the
systems. The experience thus gained has served following designation system, "REa 000".
as the basis for designing modern numerical pro- Transmission line and cable REL 000
tection and controi equipment which can ensure Bus and breaker REB 000
more efticient and reliable operation. Transformer and reactor RET 000
The first commercial microprocessor-based Generator REG 000
controi system was installed by ABB in 1983. Distribution, line and cable REF 000
Since then, ABB has delivered numerous sys- Auxiliary and single function RER 000
tems throughout the world. This unique experi- Multipurpose and special appl. REX 000
ence has been very valuable when designing Monitoring, reclosing and
the building blocks of PYRAMIO@ Substation synchronizing RES 000
Automation. Controi and communication REC 000
Test equipment REY 000
Motor protection REM 000
A88 Network Partner

The last letter indicates the terminal type. e.g. Current SPAJ 000
L for Line and G for Generator. The three digits Voltage SPAU 000
indicate hardware configuration and in what Protection and controi SPAC 000
series the terminal is designed. Differential SPAD 000
For distribution and industry the relays from Generator SPAG 000
the SPACOM range with communication are Motor SPAM 000
named "SPAO 000". Signal SACO 000

Fig. 1 PYRAMIO@Substation Automation, total coordinated protection and controi for a substation

Series 100 Series 300

Modular Terminals Compact Terminals
Each module is based on rack mounted printed Each terminal is mounted within one compact
board assemblies with dedicated microprocessors case which also has all interfaces. The func-
for each function. The modules can be reused and tian selection is made in software and internai
combined in different terminal configuration and hardware. Series 300 includes the previous
divided in two subsystems. Analogue auxiliary MODURES 316, WRELCOM and SPACOM
functions can be added in a separate rack. compact terminals.
Series 100 is based on existing stand-jane AL These units can also be supplied stand-alone
relays for transmission and generation and exist- or together with an SMS or SCS system.
ing SPACOM relays for distribution. These relays
Series 400
can be used both as stand-alone protections or
One ObjectTerminals
as terminals with communication to SMS and/or
Each terminal is based on modules configured
SCS. The 100 number series is used to describe
in a complete terminal for protection and con-
different hardware combinations of each terminal.
tro/ of an object.
Series 200 Series 500
Multi Terminals
Universal Terminals
The same terminal can be used for more than one
The 500-series is the Iatest serie in state-of-art-
object and various functions. The selection is
technology terminals for protection, controi
made in the software and choice of CPU capacity.
and monitoring. A common hardware platform
Series 200 is dedicated to complex applica- is used.
tians which require many functions included in
one hardware module.
 Medium High Medium High

Fig. 2a Generator protection terminals Fig. 2b Transformer protection terminals

Ag. 2c Line protection terminals with micro-

processor based distance functions

The REL 10o-series includes high perform- The REG 1OQ-series includes generator mod-
anGe transmission line modular terminals for ular terminals. The generator protection units
high voltage and extra-high voltage applica- can be divided inta sub 1 and sub 2 for maxi-
tions. The four-zone distance relay is provided mum redundancy. Disturbance recording can
with fault-location, system-supervision and be implemented.
earth overcurrent functions. Reclosing and
REG 100 Generator protection terminal
disturbance recording can be implemented.
(basic)
The following terminals are available with tri p REG 110 Generator back-up protection ter-
relay, test switch and communication. minal (with underimpedance func-
REL 100 RELZ 100 tian)
REL 110 RELZ 100 + REXA 101/103 REG 120 REG 110 + REOR 100
REL 120 RELZ 100 + RCRA REG 150 Generator primary protection ter-
REL 130 RELZ 100 + REXA 101/103 + minal (with high impedance differ-
RCRA ential)
REL 140 RELZ 100 special/order specific The REB 1OQ-series includes bus and breaker
REL 150 REZ 1 failure protection. REB 100 is based on the weil
REL 160 REZ 1 + REXA 101/103 known ultra-high speed differential measuring
REL 170 REZ 1 + REOR 100 method used in RADSS. This allows CT-satura-
REL 180 REZ 1 + REXA 101/103 + tian as weil as sharing of CT-cores with other
REOR 100 protections. One 19" 6U rack can adapt 12
REL 190 REZ 1 special/order specific lines with test switch and 18 lines without. In an
additional rack 11 breaker failure units can be
The third figure in the series is used to desig-
nate 10 or 30, e.g. REL 111 is used for included.
RELZ 100 + REXA 101.
ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automatilon 1 MAK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protectiorl and controi concept Page 5

The REOR/RCRA 1QO-series includes distur- Series 400 one object terminals
bance recording modular terminals for high These terminals consist of combinations of
voltage and extra-high voltage applications. individual modules for protection and controi
The object-oriented monitoring provides excel- of one object. The terminals are object ori-
lent. cost-effective event and disturbance ented for maximum redundancy and reliability.
recording for both local and remote post-fault Combining different measuring principles in
analysis. the same terminal for mai n 1 and main 2 does
Communication to a loca! printer, local PC or not interfere with the bay orientation. Analog
remote PC is possible. With the communica- measuring microprocessor relays can be eas-
tian program RECOM and evaluation program ily accommodated together with numerical
REVAL both data compression and data evalu- measuring relays and disturbance recorders
ation are available. Automatic disturbance for high-performance protective relaying.
evaluation is provided with the expert software PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation's fully coor-
RESDA. dinated protection and controi thus constitutes
The REV 1QO-series includes Relay Testing a high-performance solution that can meet the
and Simulation System for HV and EI-IV ap pli- user's most stringent redundancy and commu-
cations nication requirements. On request we can offer
complete line bay, complete transformer bay
REY 100 FREJA basic unit
REY 110 FREJA with hard disc and complete generator bay one object termi-
REY 120 FREJA simulator with 15 1\ peak nals.
REY 130 FREJA simulator with 75 /J\peak Each bay can be designed for 1, 11/2 and 2
breaker arrangement with single or duplicated
Series 200 multi terminals
Each multi terminal consists of rack-mounted protection.
CPU's with auxiliaries. The terminals have Series 500 Universal terminals
unique flexibility -a large number of software These IT based terminals are suited for gener-
modules are available for system adaption. ation, transmission and distribution applica-
The terminal can be used for more than one tions. A built-in MMI and PC connection at the
object by selecting pretested software mod- front gives fast access to terminal data at com-
ules and the appropriate CPU capaciiy'. missioning and service. In addition Iisted ter-
REG 216/RET 216 is designed for generi3.tor and minals belowall have two independent
transformer applications. A complete generator communication ports for SCS and SMS.
transformer block protection unit, including dis- REL 501 Line protection
turbance recording, can be accommodated. It REL 511 Line protection
can be divided inta sub 1 and sub 2 for maxi- REL 521 Line protection
mum redundancy. A personal computer can be REL 531 Line protection
used for the on-site configuration and setting of REL 551 Line protection
the software library provided. REL 561 Line protection
REG 216 MODURES 216 for generators REB 551 Breaker failure protection
REC 561 Bay terminal with a vast array of
Series 300 compact terminals
functions for one or several bays
Each compact terminal is housed in a com-
at transmission and subtransmis-
pact case with all interfaces. The compact ter-
sion level.
minal is provided with pretested software
RET 521 Transformer protection
modules, and hardware modules for system
Several options are available for all terminals
adaption. The compact terminal can be tai-
such as e.g., disturbance recorder, event
lored on-site for dedicated application. The fol-
recorder, programmable logic and breaker
lowing relay protection units are available in
related functions. All terminals can be config-
the 300 series for high voltage applications.
ured with a large amount of binary inputs and
REL 316 MODURES 316 LZ distance incl. outputs that are programmable. These can
options e.g. be used for controi of switchgear equip-
RET 316 MODURES 316 TO differential ment.
incl. options
For distribution. the following compact termi-
nals are available from the SPACOM range
which can communicate with SCS and/or SMS
SPAC 300 Feeder protection and controi
SPAG 300 Protection for small generators
and motors.
SPAD 300 Transformer differential protection
SPAU 300 Voltage protection
SPAJ 300 Current protection
Application (cont'd) Controi and Monitoring The numerical controi system is the key to safe
The traditional contro! system consists of a and efficient substation operation. This sys-
number of controI panels with instruments, tem, which has been offered by ABB for sev-
switches, alarm annunciators and other equip- eral years, is thoroughly tried and tested.
ment. It also provides a number of subsystems
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation provides a
such as interlocking, AVR for power transform-
total substation controi concept.
ers, sequence-of-event recorders, etc. ILarge
space and cabling requirements, extensive Event recording and disturbance recording
maintenance and ditticulties in modifying the can be included in SCS.
system for future expansion are characteristics The SMS system can collect disturbance data
of traditional controi systems. from a SPCR module in SPAC 530 and a 500
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation eliminates terminal, a RCRA module in REL 100 or
these disadvantages. In addition, the sJ/stem directly from the terminal blocks, depending
provides statistics for the reporting of history, on the configuration. This information can then
trends, etc. be transferred to the engineer's workplace.
Separate event recording systems based on
Self-supervision minimizes maintenance and
SACO are also available.
fault tracing. anGe the system is prograrinmed
for a specific application, the user can, with lit- SMS can be used separatelyor coordinated
tle ettort, modify and add functions himsEilf. with SCS.

Settings and monitoring Disturbance

evaluation
Expert analysis

Fig. 3 SMS structure

III Ir I
REL 511 REL 511 RES 5;5"1

Fig. 4 SMS-communication for transmission and generation

ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automation
The total coordinated protection and controi concept

Substation Controi System Man machine interface (MMI)

The system structure is divided inta two leveis; Using a "mouse", the operator can operate,
bay level and station level. The bay level con- controi and supervise the substation by mov-
sists of distributed terminals, whereas operator ing the cursor on a colour video display unit
stations and gateways belong to the station (VDU) to symbols or text. The necessary infor- C
level. mation is displayed in windows. Along with the I
Together all units combine controi, monitoring, windows and data, symbolic push-buttons of
recording and report generation in a hierarchy any size can be located anywhere on the VDU.
system that supervise it's own hard- and soft- From the MMI, the operator can also read and
ware. change the settings of all numerical protective
The entire substation is controlled and super- relays which are connected to the system via
vised from the station level, while individual the fibre-optic bus. This MMI provides the
lines. transformers, etc., are protec1:ed, con- operator with an excellent overview of the
trolled and monitored from the terminals at bay complete substation, and gives easy access
level. to the various functions.

Fig. 5 SCS-structure for transmission, subtransmission and distribution

Station level Serial data bus

Three independent and autonomous units is Information is transferred between the two
the result of high requirements independently: controi levels via a serial data bus. The station
the MMI system; the station camputer (SC), for level equipment is connected to the bay levet
common station functions; and the gateway computers via the station bus. Bay-oriented
(GW), for communication with aremate controi signal collection and the serial transmission of
centre. Whenever the independent require- information between the two controi levels
ments are lower the function of all these units considerably reduces the amount of cabling
can be combined in the MMI. required.
Sav level Oisturbance-free communication is achieved
Functions related to a particular bay are by using fibre-optic links.
located at the bay level. This is why the bay
Communication
level camputers are independent of each
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation offers a very
other, which increases the availability. Since
flexible and "open" system which can be
the most important functions are located at the
designed to combine both the comprehensive
bay level, the operation of a bay can be main-
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation range of ter-
tained even if a fault occurs at the substation
minals, numerical relays from other manufac-
level. The equipment for each bay is housed in
turers as weil as existing and new conventionai
one or more cubicles which can be assembled
relays. Furthermore PYRAMIO@ Substation
and tested at the factory. This reduces on-site
Automation can communicate to different types
erection and commissioning work.
of Network Controi Systems.
ABB Network Partner PYRj~MID Substation Automation 1MRK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protection alrtd controi concept Pag'38

Application (cont'd) One of the bigger differences between nlJmeri- As an option independent bus can be pro-
caj technique and conventionai technique is vided Tor the engineer's workplace. This bus is
that numerical technique can store and memo- the weil estabfished SPA-bus.
rize information, both digital, analogue and
The SPOC unit can sisa be supplied with
processed information. To structure and com-
transducers for real time values for voltage
municate the "right" information to the "right"
and current. Other types of numerical relays
person at the "right" time is essentiai for the
can be included via a SPOC unit terminal bay.
overalf performance of the system. How we
arrange man machine interface is a task for The unique structure in combination with a full
both user and manufacturer. Furthermore, effi- range of versatile terminals provides outstand-
cient and safe substation operation requires ing flexibility with high availability and redun-
well-structured means of communication that dancy. It is an "open" system which can be
meet the present and future needs of the user. tailored to the specific need of esch user and
esch application. It offers a step by step
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation provides
communication facilities that can be adapted to implementation, including both new and exist-
the safety and efficiency requirements of opera- ing protection relays.
tors and management, with capabilities for For communication with an existing Network
future expansion as needs increase and new Controi System a separate Gateway or the
technology is introduced. MicroSCAOA can be used. Today more than
50 different Protocols have been implemented.
The information is structured on three leveis:
operator's workplace, engineer's workplace and Protocol implementations for any other type of
local man machine interface (MMI) or portable Network Controi System, not yet included in our
PC. The local MMI (which is a menu .jriven library, can be quoted on request.
alpha-numerical display located on the fr,ont of
Self-supervision
the relay) or portable PC provides easy alccess One of the major benefits of microprocessor
and readability. The last three events are !~tored technology is that no additional hardware is
in the relay memory, and the information is auto- required for self-supervision; a function which
matically displayed at relay operation. increases the availability and reliability by
The setting of the relay is normally doM! from ensuring that product and system faults can be
the local MMI or from a portable PC. Tw'o dif- identified without extensive fault-tracing, so the
ferent sets of values can be programmed. equipment can be returned to service quickly.
Remote setting can in principle be dom~, but Self~supervision of the protection and controi
this has to be carefully studied by the u:ser to hardware and software thus reduces mainte-
prevent outside persons from gaining a(;cess nance Gasts. The CT and VT circuits, the dc
to this possibility. supply and trip circuits, and the communica-
The operator's work place monitor can display tian links are sisa monitored continuously,
all information relevant to the substation opera- which further increases theavailability.
tion. The depth and the detail of information is Messages from the self-supervision system
selected by the operator, step by step, not to are available both locally and remotely. This
create information pollution. simplifies fault-tracing and cuts the time for
The engineer's workplace monitor, part of SMS, repair. The resulting reduction in down time
presents the information stored in the terminal at trip increases the dependability and security.
operation. All terminal data and settings are ac:cessi- The main benefit of PYRAMIO@ Substation
ble and are used for post-fault evaluation and distur- Automation self~supervision is that it covers
bance recording. Once the data has been the entire system. Moreover, back-up functions
transferred to the data base, the terminal's event are included, for high reliability.
memory can be reset from the master station.
With a test interval of two years, the MTTR
The important difference between SC~. and without supervision is approximately one year,
SMS is that SCS is continuously on line via a since a fault will not be detected until the next
dedicated communication path. The SMS is test is performed. With supervision a fault can
used on command, which means the en~Jineer normally be repaired within 24 hours. This
can call up the SMS system on a PC, via a means the MTTR will be one day instead of
modem and phone line. This also gives flexibil- 365 days -a significant improvement.
ity, as the workplace is portable (portable PC).
The communication between the different ter-
minals and the operator's work place i~~per-
formed via a fibre-optic object bus type LON.
All numerical ABB PYRAMIO@ Substation
Automation protection relays can be con-
nected to this bus. Via a SPOC unit, digital
information from any conventionai relay can
also be connected to the object bus.
ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automation 1 MRK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protection al1ld controi concept Page 8

Application (cont'd) One of the bigger differences between numeri- As an option independent bus can be pro-
caj technique and conventionai technique is vided for the engineer's workplace. This bus is
that numerical technique can store and memo- the weil established SPA-bus.
rize information, both digital, analogue and
The SPOC unit can also be supplied with
processed information. To structure and com-
transducers for real time values for voltage
municate the "right" information to the "right"
and current. Other types of numerical relays
person at the "right" time is essentiai fclr the
can be included via a SPOC unit terminal bay.
overall performance of the system. HoI'" we
arrange man machine interface is a tas.k for The unique structure in combination with a full
both user and manufacturer. Furthermore, effi- range of versatile terminals provides outstand-
cient and safe substation operation requires ing flexibility with high availability and redun-
well-structured means of communicationl that dancy. It is an "open" system which can be
meet the present and future needs of the IJSer. tailored to the specific need of esch user and
esch application. It offers a step by step
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation provides
implementation. includin~ both new and exist-
communication facilities that can be adapt.ed to
the safety and efficiency requirements of o,pera- ing protection relays.
tors and management, with capabilities for For communication with an existing Network
future expansion as needs increase and new Controi System a separate Gateway or the
technology is introduced. MicroSCAOA can be used. Today more than
50 different Protocols have been implemented.
The information is structured on three IE~vels:
operator's workplace, engineer's workplace and Protocol implementations for any other type of
local man machine interface (MM I) or portable Network Controi System, not yet included in our
PC. The local MMI (which is a menu driven library, can be quotoo on request.
alpha-numerical display located on the front of
Self-supervision
the relay) or portable PC provides easy ac:cess One of the major benefits of microprocessor
and readability. The last three events are stored technology is that no additional hardware is
in the relay memory, and the information is auto- required for self-supervision; a function which
matically displayed at relay operation. increases the availability and reliability by
The setting of the relay is normally done from ensuring that product and system faults can be
the local MMI or from a portable PC. Two dif- identified without extensive fault-tracing, so the
ferent sets of values can be programimed. equipment can be returned to service quickly.
Remote setting can in principle be dons, but Self-supervision of the protection and controi
this has to be carefully studied by the USierto hardware and software thus reduces mainte-
prevent outside persons from gaining access nance costs. The CT and VT circuits, the dc
to this possibility. supply and trip circuits, and the communica-
The operator's workplace monitor can di~~play tion links are also monitored continuously,
all information relevant to the sub station opera- which further increases the availability.
tion. The depth and the detail of information is Messages from the self-supervision system
selected by the operator, step by step, rlot to are available both locally and remotely. This
create information pollution. simplifies fault-tracing and cuts the time for
The engineer's workplace rrmitor, part of SMS, repair. The resulting reduction in down time
presents the information stored in the terminal at trip increases the dependability and security.
operation. All terminal data and settings are acl:essi- The main benefit of PYRAMIO@ Substation
ble and are used for post-fault evaluation and cjistur- Automation self-supervision is that it covers
bance recording. Once the data has been the entire system. Moreover, back-up functions
transferred to the data base, the terminal's event are included, for high reliability.
mernory can be reset from the master station.
With a test interval of two years, the MnR
The important difference between SCS and without supervision is approximately one year,
SMS is t.hat SCS is continuously on line via a since a fault will not be detected until the next
dedicated communication path. The SMS is test is performed. With supervision a fault can
used on command, which means theengineer normally be repaired within 24 hours. This
can call up the SMS system on a PC, via a means the MnR will be one day instead of
modem and phone line. This also gives flexibil- 365 days -a significant improvement.
ity, as the workplace is portable (portable PC).
The communication between the differerlt ter-
minals and the operator's work place is per-
formed via a fibre-optic object bus type LON.
All numerical ABB PYRAMIO@ Substation
Automation protection relays can be con-
nected to this bus. Via a SPOC unit, digital
information from any conventionai relay can
also be connected to the object bus.
ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automation 1 MAK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protectioln and controi concept Page 9

The intelligent station PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation elsa offers

PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation offers a great flexibility and can give technical and
unique range of state of the art components economical optimum solutions for different
which can be combined with conventionai relays requirements on performance and availability.
to give total coordinated protection and controi.
For a technical proposal please contact your GI
As described in Fig. 2 ABB can offer two alter- nearest ABB representative. The following
native performance levels in respect to such information is required:
requirements as operating time, accuracy, res-
-One line diagram of the high voltage system
olution, etc. Both these alternatives can be
-Protection, controi and monitoring functions
included in PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation.
included per terminal
The choice depends on the user.
-Performance level required for mein functions
These products can be used as stand-alone but -Functions included per workstation
can also be upgraded, step by steg, to form the -Existing equipment to be interfaced with
"Intelligent Substation". PYRAMIO@ S:ubstation -Remote communication required
Automation offers workstations for the operator,
Detailed description of esch building block in
relay engineer and service engineer. These work-
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation is found
stations include software packages for statistics,
under sections 1-11.
setting calculation, disturbance evaluation, auto-
matic testing and other expert programs.

Fig. 6 SCS System supervision Fig. 7 SCS statistics

The selection of suitable terminals is based on

customer requirements on performance and
the functions to be included.
For the 220 kV system the line terminals
REL 521 and REL 561 are normally used. This
provides duplicated microprocessor based full
scheme distance relays. The two terminals
have different measuring algorithms in order to
avoid common failures. For the transformers
and 132 kV lines, RET 521 and REL 511 can be
used. If higher performance is required
REL 521 can be implemented instead. For the
distribution level SPAD 345 and SPAC 530 are
normally used.
REL 501 and REL 511 with overcurrent starting
Fig. 8 Programming of REL 511 from SMS
is also an alternative for distribution feeders
with double end infeed.
ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automation 1 MAK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protection and controi concept Page 8

Application (cont'd) One of the bigger differences between numeri- As an option independent bus can be pro-
caj technique and conventionai technique is vided for the engineer's workplace. This bus is
that numerical technique can store and memo- the weil established SPA-bus.
rize information, both digital, analogue and
The SPOC unit can also be supplied with
processed information. To structure and com-
transducers for real time values for voltage
municate the "right" information to the "right"
and current. Other types of numerical relays
person at the "right" time is essentiai for the
can be included via a SPOC unit terminal bay.
overall performance of the system. Ho'lV we
arrange man machine interface is a task for The unique structure in combination with a full
both user and manufacturer. Furthermore, effi- range of versatile terminals provides outstand-
cient and safe substation operation requires ing flexibility with high availability and redun-
well-structured means of communication that dancy. It is an "open" system which can be
meet the present and future needs of the LJser. tailored to the specific need of each user and
each application. It offers a step by step
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation pro'.tides
implementation, including both new and exist-
communication facilities that can be adapted to
ing protection relays.
the safety and efficiency requirements of opera-
tors and management, with capabilitie~) for For communication with an existing Network
future expansion as needs increase and new Controi System a separate Gateway or the
technology is introduced. MicroSCAOA can be used. Today more than
50 different Protocols have been implemented.
The information is structured on three leveis:
operator's workplace, engineer's workplace and Protocol implementations for any other type of
local man machine interface (MMI) or portable Network Controi System, not yet included in our
PC. The local MMI (which is a menu diriven library, can be quoted on request.
alpha-numerical display located on the front of
Self-supervision
the relay) or portable PC provides easy ac:cess One of the major benefits of microprocessor
and readability. The last three events are stored technology is that no additioner hardware is
in the relay memory, and the information is auto- required for self-supervision; a function which
matically displayed at relay operation. increases the availability and reliability by
The setting of the relay is normally done from ensuring that product and system faults can be
the local MMI or from a portable PC. Two dif- identified without extensive fault-tracing, so the
ferent sets of values can be programmed. equipment can be returned to service quickly.
Remote setting can in principle be done, but Self-supervision of the protection and controi
this has to be carefully studied by the user to hardware and software thus reduces mainte-
prevent outside persons from gaining access nance costs. The CT and VT circuits, the dc
to this possibility. supply and tri p circuits, and the communica-
The operator's workplace monitor can di!;play tion links are also monitored continuously,
all information relevant to the substation opera- which further increases the availability.
tion. The depth and the detail of information is Messages from the self-supervision system
selected by the operator, step by step, rlot to are available both locally and remotely. This
create information pollution. simplifies fault-tracing and cuts the time for
The engineer's workplace monitor, part of SMS, repair. The resulting reduction in down time
presents the information stored in the terminal at trip increases the dependability and security.
operation. All terminal data and settings are accessi- The mein benefit of PYRAMIO@ Substation
ble and are used for post-fault evaluation and (jistur- Automation self-supervision is that it covers
bance recording. Once the data has been the entire system. Moreover, back-up functions
transferred to the data bese, the terminal's event are included, for high reliability.
memory can be reset from the master station.
With a test interval of two years, the MTTR
The important difference between SCS and without supervision is approximately one year,
SMS is that SCS is continuously on line via a since a fault will not be detected until the next
dedicated communication path. The SMS is test is performed. With supervision a fault can
used on command, which means the engineer normally be repaired within 24 hours. This
can call up the SMS system on a PC, via a means the MTTR will be one day instead of
modem and phone line. This also gives flexibil- 365 days -a significant improvement.
ity, as the workplace is portable (portable PC).

The communication between the differerlt ter-

minals and the operator's work place is per-
formed via a fibre-optic object bus type LON.
All numerical ABB PYRAMIO@ .Subs1:ation
Automation protection relays can be con-
nected to this bus. Via a SPOC unit, digital
information from any conventionai relay can
also be connected to the object bus.
 I~ .
FRONT FRONT

~II' fE5I REC 561

ra! REL 561

!ElI REL 521

Sub 1 Sub 2
Fig. 10 Single breaker arrangement. one transmission line and duplicate protection,

IC~1! C)(2 j ~(3 I

FRONT FRONT FRONT

REC 561 REL 521

IQ
REL 521

REB 551

!al REL 561 REL 561

REB 551

REB 551

Breakers Line 1 (PJternative sub 1) Line 2 (Alternative sub 2)

Fig. 11 Breaker and a halt arrangemeht with three breakers two transmission line and
duplicate protection per bay.

Illr
ffinllll
ilnmmJ-
~m~mJ-
~IrnjIj~-
""
 ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automation 1 MRK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protection and controi concept Page 10

Application (cont'd) The above terminals can communicate with hardware to be used but also the tasks to be
both SCS and SMS. In addition to this, local performed by the personnel. It is also impor-
printout from event recorder and disturbance tant to specify when and where those tasks are
recorders can be included separatelyor as to be performed.
back-up.
On-line functions and att-line functions should
When designing the PYRAMIO@ Substation be separated. Ott-line functions can be statisti-
Automation it is important not only 1.0define the cal follow-up or setting of relay protection.
~
..

~
Bay protection and
-~~---~t_-
i Line protection ~-terminal
: controi terminal
r ,
REL! REci
_I ~
!
Remote

-t.:=~.
[====~
Remote

I Servk:e
engin~~ I Relayengineer I

Fig. 9 Workstation for PYRAMIO@ SIJbstation Automation

In the PYRAMIO@ Substation Autornation con- The engineer's workplace can be located
cept the man machine interface is structured in central ly (in the substation) and/or remotely. Jt
four work leveis. is possible to Gall any station via the local tele-
The Technician's local workplace on bay/ter- phone system and order information to be
minailevei using local MM I or portable PC. transferred. Data compression and local expert
programs can be used to limit this information.
The Operator's workplace centrally in the
substation and with remote gatewa~{ The service engineer's workplace is porta-
ble and can be used during commissioning,
The Relay engineer's workplace 1Nith central
testing and/or maintenance. Recorded distur-
or remote PC. banGes can be played back through REY 100
The Service engineer's workplace with to reproduce disturbances and test the per-
mobile Relay Testing and Simulation unit. formance of the relay.
These four workplaces can be used separately The inte"!pent terminal
PYRAMID R Substation Automation can be
or combined. The important thing is that the
PYRAMIO@ Substation Automation offers this adapted to various degrees of requirements
very comprehensive and flexible way of working. and complexity. Fig. 10 shows an example of a
terminal which is appropriate for a 220 kV line.
The technician's workplace is baseld on simple
Main 1 protection is REL 521 and main 2 pro-
setting and indication directly on the terminal.
tection is REL 531 which means the distur-
This is based on LEO's, user friendly keyboard
banGe recorder module is included in REL 521.
and display with background light. From this sta-
For a substation with one and a half breaker
tion esch terminal can be total ly controlled locally,
arrangement the panel layout is shown in
even if the communication is down. t\lormally, the
Fig. 11. The equipment related to the breakers
setting and testing of relays is done Iccally.
are installed in panel 1. In panel 2 the line 2
The operator's workplace is continuously equipment can be placed and in panel 3 the
connected to esch terminal. Via fibre-optic line 3 equipment can be placed. As an alterna-
cables all information is immediately trans- tive, the subsystem 1 equipment, with mai n 1
ferred to the operator. This information is protection for both lines, can be placed in cubi-
selected to give a clear and fast view about cle 2 and subsystem 2 equipment in panel 3.
what is happening. Printout from the distur-
These line bays are operated through the three
banGe recorder modules can be obtained.
workstations in Fig. 9.

:-
ABB Network Partner P~'RAMID Substation Automation 1MRK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protectiol1l and controi concept Page 13

The relay engineer's workstation on his settings as shown in Fig. 13a and b. From
Fig. 13 shows the engineer's worksta1:ion. Nor- the terminal he can nowaiso collect the distur-
mally the engineer does not need to follow the banGe information from both ends of the line as
day to day operation. This is done by the opera- shown in Fig. 13c. With REVAL. evaluation pro-
tor. If a fault occurs for which the engineer rap-
idly needs to analyse the disturbance" he can,
from any telephone via a modem, caJI up the
gram, he can easily study currents and voltages
in detail. In this case the terminals shows start
and trip and the analog information shows that
4
substation. In his PC he can have RCAL.C stored heavy CT-saturationoccurs.With the expert pro-
for this particular line. With RCALC he c:an simu- gram, RESDA, the engineer will for a majority of
late the line and rapidly see the effect of load the fault get an automatic analysis.
transfer, source to line ratio or mutual coupling

a Simulated system -RCALC b Disturbance evaluation -REVAL

c Automatic evaluation -RESDA d Programming of a protection -SM/REL 511

Fig. 13 SMS. engineers workstation

ABB Network Partner PYRAMID Substation Automati,on 1MRK 500 016-BEN
The total coordinated protection and controi concept Page 15

The Intellijent substation

PYRAMID RSubstation Automation is a step by
In addition to the savings PYRAMIO@ Substation
step approach with unique possibilities to Automation offers added value in capacity and
apply modern microprocessor based technol- availability and a complete coordinated solution
ogy both in new and old stations. It offers with system responsibility by one manufacturer. GI
many new concepts to simplify both engineer- This guarantees future support of hard- and
ing, operation and maintenance. Reduced software included in the PYRAMIO@ Substation
cost due to less wiring and space, no need for Automation concept. The flexible nature step-
separate transducers, etc. are some exam- by-step philosophy, and user friendly worksta-
ples. Most savings in time and cost are of long tions is an excellent base for the intelligent sub-
term nature which means that substantiai cost station.
savings are realized throughout the lifetime of
the substation.

References PYRAMID Substation

Automation 1MAB 520 007 -SEN
REG 100 Generator protection terminal 1 MDS02004-EN
REG 216 Generator protection terminal 1 MDS02005-EN
Transformer Protection, Monitoring and Controi 1MAK 500 401-SEN
RET 316 Transformer protection terminal 1MDS04004-EN
Breaker Protection, Monitoring and Controi 1 MAK 500 501-SEN
REB 100 Busbar protection terminals 1MAK 505 002-SEN
REL 316 Line protection terminal 1M DS06003-EN
REL 100/RELZ 100 Numericalline protection terminal 1 M DS06004-EN
REL100 Line protection terminals 1 MDS06019-EN
Line Protection, Morlitoring and Controi 1 MAK 500 600-SEN
Bay Protection, Monitoring and Controi 1MAK 501 001-S~N
RES 100 Disturbance rel~ording systems 1MDS10004-EN
SCS 200 References 1MDA11004-EN
REY 100 Relay testing and simulation system 1MDA12007-EN
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The total coordinated protection and controi concept Page 16