Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D1

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________

Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 8
First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 1

OBJECTIVE: Factors completely polynomials with common monomial factor.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

• Factoring polynomials with common monomial factor
We are going to factor polynomials. To factor means writing the polynomial as a product of other polynomials.
Let us begin by recalling greatest common factor (GCF)

TRY TO DISCOVER!

Examples: What is the greatest common factor (GCF) of:

1. 12 and 18? _________
Solution:
Prime factors of 12 = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 3
Prime factors of 18 = 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 3
Notice that 12 and 18 have a factor of 2 and a factor of 3 in common, and so the greatest common
factor of 12 and 18 is 2 ∙ 3 = 6.

2. 10𝑥 3 and 4𝑥? __________

Solution:
Factors of 10𝑥 3 = 2 ∙ 5 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥
Factors of 4𝑥 = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 𝑥
Notice that 10𝑥 3 and 4𝑥 have one factor of 2 and one factor of 𝑥 in common, and so the greatest
common factor of 10𝑥 3 and 4𝑥 is 2 ∙ 𝑥 = 2𝑥.
Now let us use the GCF in factoring polynomials with common monomial factor.

Examples:

1. Factor completely 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2
Solution:
Step 1: Find the GCF
We can find the GCF of any two numbers by examining their prime factors.
2𝑥 3 = 2 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥
6𝑥 2 = 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥
Notice that 2𝑥 3 and 6𝑥 2 have one factor of 2 and two factor of 𝑥 in common, and so the greatest
common factor of 2𝑥 3 and 6𝑥 2 is 2 ∙ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2

Step 2: Divide each term of the polynomial by the GCF. The quotient is the other factor.
2𝑥 3 6𝑥 2
2𝑥 2
− 2𝑥 2

𝑥 − 3 is the other factor

Step 3: Express the polynomial as a product of the GCF and the other factor.
2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 3 )
Therefore, 2𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 3)
Page 1 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D1
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

2. Factor completely 10𝑦 3 + 4𝑦

Solution:
Step 1: Find the GCF
10𝑥 3 = 2 ∙ 5 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 𝑦
4𝑥 = 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 𝑦
GCF = 2𝑦

Step 2: Divide each term of the polynomial by the GCF. The quotient is the other factor.
10𝑦 3 4𝑦
2𝑦
+ 2𝑦 5𝑦 2 + 2 is the other factor

Step 3: Express the polynomial as a product of the GCF and the other factor.
10𝑦 3 + 4𝑦 = 2𝑦(5𝑦 2 + 2)
Therefore, 10𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 2𝑦 (5𝑦 2 + 2)
3

Can we be faster? Once we know the GCF, the factored form is simply the product of the GCF and the
sum of the terms in the original polynomial divided by the GCF.

3. Give the factor of 5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥.

Solution:
GCF = 5𝑥
2
5𝑥 2 10𝑥
5𝑥 + 10𝑥 = 5𝑥 ( + ) = 5𝑥(𝑥 + 2)
5𝑥 5𝑥
Answer: 5𝑥(𝑥 + 2)

4. Factor: 16𝑝4 − 4𝑝3 + 8𝑝5

Solution:
GCF = 4𝑝3
16𝑝4 4𝑝3 8𝑝5
16𝑝4 − 4𝑝3 + 8𝑝5 = 4𝑝3 ( 4𝑝3 − 4𝑝3 + 4𝑝3 ) = 4𝑝3 (4𝑝 − 1 + 2𝑝2 )
Answer: 4𝑝3 (4𝑝 − 1 + 2𝑝2 )

5. Factor out the GCF of −6𝑛5 − 6𝑛3.

Solution:
GCF: = −6𝑛3
−6𝑛5 6𝑛3
−6𝑛5 − 6𝑛3 = −6𝑛3 (−6𝑛3 ) − −6𝑛3 = −6𝑛3 [𝑛2 − (−1)] = −6𝑛3 (𝑛2 + 1)
Answer: −6𝑛3 (𝑛2 + 1)

6. Word problem
A large triangle with an area of 14𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 2 square meters is divided into smaller rectangles with areas
14𝑥 4 and 6𝑥 2 square meters. The width of the of the rectangle (in meters) is equal to the greatest
common factor of 14𝑥 4 and 6𝑥 2 . What is the length and width of the large rectangle?

Length Solution:
GCF: = 2𝑥 2 , the width of the rectangle is
2𝑥 2 .
14𝑥 4 6𝑥 2
Width

We can find the length of the large

rectangle by finding the lengths of the two
smaller rectangles. We will do that by
using the area formula 𝐴 = (𝑙)(𝑤)
(𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ) and the fact that
14𝑥 4 6𝑥 2
14𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2 ( 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 ) 𝑤 = 2𝑥 2 .

Page 2 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D1
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

14𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2 (7𝑥 2 + 3)

The length of the large triangle is the quotient or the other factor which is 7𝑥 2 + 3.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1:
A. What is the GCF of:
1. 9𝑥 2 and 6𝑥 ______________
2. 12𝑥 5 and 8𝑥 3 ______________
3. 63 and 45b ______________
4. 6𝑛3 and 3𝑛2 ______________
5. 10𝑛3 , 9𝑛2 , and 𝑛 ______________

B. Factor the following expressions and write the letter in the box that corresponds to each number to
form a math term.
1. 3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑥 4 E. 4xy(y+5x2y)
2. 12𝑎𝑏 + 36𝑎 L. 12𝑎(𝑏 + 3)
3. 15𝑚2 − 12𝑚 O. 3𝑚(5𝑚 − 4)
2 3 2
4. 4𝑥𝑦 + 20𝑥 𝑦 P. 4𝑥𝑦 2 (1 + 5𝑥)
5. −5𝑎𝑏 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑎3 𝑏 S. 𝑥(3𝑥 2 − 4 + 5𝑥 3 )

1 2 3 4 5

What Math term is formed? Do you what is that? That will be on the next chapter of our subject.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2:
A. Find the GCF of the following.

1. 7𝑥 2 and 21𝑥 ______________

2. 9𝑥 and −45 ______________
3. 18𝑥 6 and 12𝑥 3 ______________
4. 15𝑥 2 , 25𝑥 2 , and 55𝑥 ______________

5. 9𝑥 7 𝑦 5 and −3𝑥 2 𝑦 6 ______________

B. Factor completely by filing in the box. The first one is done for you.

Polynomial Common Monomial The other factor Factored Form

Factor or Greatest
Common Factor
2𝑥 + 10 2 𝑥+5 2(𝑥 + 5)
−4𝑚 − 12
3𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 − 9𝑥
𝑦5 + 𝑦3

Page 3 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D1
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

15𝑥 2 − 55𝑥
9𝑥 7 𝑦 5 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 6
18𝑥 6 − 12𝑥 3
7𝑥 2 + 21𝑥
6𝑛3 − 3𝑛2

Remember:
• Factoring a polynomial means writing it as a product of other polynomials.
• The GCF (greatest common factor) of two or more monomials is the product of all their common
prime factors.
• Steps in factoring polynomials with common monomial factor:
1. Find the GCF of all the terms in the polynomial
2. Divide each term of the polynomial by the GCF. The quotient is the other factor.
3. Express the polynomial as a product of the GCF and the other factor.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3:
Find the factor of each expression. Write the letter of the correct answer in each box that contain
the exercise numbers. You will discover a mathematical term.
1. 6𝑟 5 + 12𝑟 3 𝑠 − 3𝑟𝑠 2 T. 𝑠(𝑠 − 8)
2. 45𝑟 4 − 15𝑟 2 I. 3(2𝑟 + 3𝑠)
3. 7𝑟 2 𝑠 3 − 28𝑟𝑠 + 14𝑟𝑠 2 M. 2(𝑠 2 − 3𝑠 + 4)
4. 36𝑟 5 − 12𝑟 3 + 24𝑟 4 A. 3𝑟(2𝑟 4 + 4𝑟 2 𝑠 − 𝑠 2 )
5. 4𝑟 + 4𝑠 O. 12𝑟 3 (𝑟 2 − 1 + 2𝑟)
6. 6𝑟 + 9𝑠 L. 15𝑟 2 (3𝑟 2 − 1)
7. 𝑠 2 − 8𝑠 H. 2(5𝑠 + 1)
8. 10𝑠 + 2 G. 7𝑟𝑠(𝑟𝑠 2 − 4 + 2𝑠)
9. 2𝑠 2 − 6𝑠 + 8 R. 4(𝑟 + 𝑠)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

What is the mathematical term and its meaning?

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Generalization:
How do we factor polynomials with common monomial factor?
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 4 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D1
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

EVALUATION:
1. Find the GCF:
a. 25𝑦 5 and 40𝑦 2
b. 17𝑎2 𝑏 2 and 24𝑏𝑎2
c. 28𝑥 5 𝑦 2 , −14𝑥 4 𝑦,3 and 49𝑥 3 𝑦 4

2. Complete the products:

a. 36𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 = 6( ______ + _______)
b. 36𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 = 18( _______ + ______)
c. 36𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 = 18𝑥 2 ( _______ + ______)
d. Which of the products in a – c is a complete factorization of 36𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 ? ____________________
Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Factor the following polynomials completely.

a. 6 − 18𝑐
b. 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥
c. 3𝑦 4 + 3𝑦 2
d. 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 3
e. 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 6𝑎2 𝑏

4. The area of a rectangle is 14𝑟 2 ℎ. One dimension is 2𝑟. What is the other dimension? _____________

5. Kenjo said that the factored form of 3𝑎 + 6𝑎2 + 15𝑎3 is 3𝑎(2𝑎 + 5𝑎2 ). Do you agree with him? Explain
why or why not.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

6. The lengths of the parallel sides of a trapezoid are represented by 𝑎 and 𝑏 and its height by ℎ. The area
1 1
of the trapezoid can be written as 2 𝑎ℎ + 2 𝑏ℎ. Express this area as the product of two factors.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by:
Anecita S. Santos
Pasay City South High School
References for further Enhancement:
https://www.chilimath.com
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com
https://www.lavc.educ
khan academy
Page 5 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D2
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 8
First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 2

OBJECTIVE: factors completely polynomials which are difference of two squares

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

• Factoring the Difference of Two Squares: 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)

TRY TO DISCOVER!
Determine if the given expression is a perfect square or not.
1. 64 6. 36𝑚7 𝑛3 𝑝
2. 100 7. 100𝑝6
1
3. 121𝑎2 𝑏2 8. 4 𝑥 2
𝑥4
4. 36𝑚2 𝑛3 9. 16
144𝑥 2
5. 81𝑥 4 𝑦 2 𝑧 10. 49

1 𝑥4 144𝑥 2
64, 100, 121𝑎2 𝑏 2 , 100𝑝6 , 4 𝑥 2 , 16, and 49
are perfect squares. Why? Perfect square is the product when a

number is multiplied by itself. What did you notice on the exponent of the variables? This time, we are going to
identify polynomials which are difference of two squares.

Difference of Two Squares. How does it look like? Try to understand the diagram below.

Squared Terms

2 2
First Second
Term Term

Difference or subtraction or minus

Do you understand the illustration? Now let us identify polynomials which are difference of two squares.
Write your answers in the box below.
𝑎4
1. 𝑎2 − 4𝑏 2 6. 225 + 25
2. 𝑏 2 − 12 7. 9𝑥 2 − 25
3. 𝑏 4 − 9𝑚2 8. 4𝑎2 − 9
1 2
4. 4
𝑎 − 121 9. 4𝑥 2 + 49
5. 𝑎 + 𝑏 2
2
10. 9𝑥 2 − 16𝑦

Difference of Two Squares Not Difference of Two Squares

Page 6 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D2
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________
Describe the terms of the difference of two squares. What can you say about the exponents of the variables?
______________________________________________________________________________________
Since you know now the polynomials which are the difference of two squares, we are going to find their factors.
Example:

1. Factor 9𝑥 2 − 16
Solution:
Step 1: Find the square roots of the two terms.
The square root of 9𝑥 2 is 3𝑥. The square root of 16 is 4.
Step 2: Write the factorization as the sum and difference of the square roots.
Therefore, 9𝑥 2 − 16 = (3𝑥 + 4)(3𝑥 − 4)

2. Give the factor of 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 4.

Solution:
Step 1: Find the square roots of the two terms.
The square root of 4𝑥 2 is 2𝑥. The square root of 9𝑦 4 is 3𝑦 2 .
Step 2: Write the factorization as the sum and difference of the square roots.
Therefore, 9𝑥 2 − 16 = (3𝑥 + 4)(3𝑥 − 4)

3. How do we factor 9𝑥 4 𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 2 𝑦 4 ?

Solution:
Step 1: The square root of 9𝑥 4 𝑦 2 is 3𝑥 2 𝑦. The square root of 16𝑥 2 𝑦 4 is 4𝑥𝑦 2 .
Step 2: Write the factorization as the sum and difference of the square roots.
Therefore, 9𝑥 4 𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 2 𝑦 4 = (3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦 2 )(3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦 2 ).

4. Factor 1 − 𝑥 2 .
Solution:
Step 1: The square root of 1 is 1. The square root of 𝑥 2 is 𝑥.
Step 2: Write the factorization as the sum and difference of the square roots.
Therefore, 1 − 𝑥 2 = (1 + 𝑥)(1 − 𝑥)

5. Factor the binomial (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4.

Is this difference of two squares? Why? It is a difference of two squares. The first term is (𝑥 − 3)2 and
the second term is 4.
Solution:
Step 1: The square root of (𝑥 − 3)2 is 𝑥 − 3. The square root of 4 is 2.
Step 2: Write the factorization as the sum and difference of the square roots.
(𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 = [(𝑥 − 3) + 2][(𝑥 − 3) − 2] We can combine the like terms by adding or
subtracting the constants.
= (𝑥 − 3 + 2)(𝑥 − 3 − 2)
= (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5)
Therefore, (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5)

Page 7 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D2
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1:
A. Complete the table by writing the factors and square root.

Perfect Square Factors Square Root

64
100 10 ∙ 10 or (10)2 10

121𝑎2 𝑏2
100𝑝6 (10𝑝3 )(10𝑝3 ) or (10𝑝3 )2 10𝑝3
1 2 1 1 1 2 1
𝑥 ( 𝑥) ( 𝑥) or ( 𝑥) 𝑥
4 2 2 2 2
𝑥4
16
144𝑥 2
49

B. Factor completely.

1. 𝑥 2 − 100
Solution:
What is the square root of 𝑥 2 ? ____________
What is the square root of 100? ____________
Therefore, 𝑥 2 − 100 = ( _______________)( ______________)

2. 25𝑥 2 − 1
Solution:
What is the square root of 25𝑥 2 ? ____________
What is the square root of 1? ____________
Therefore, 25𝑥 2 − 1 = ( _______________)( ______________)

3. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2
Solution:
What is the square root of 4𝑥 2 ? ____________
What is the square root of 9𝑦 2 ? ____________
Therefore, 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = ( _______________)( ______________)

4. 16𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4
Solution:
What is the square root of 16𝑥 4 ? ____________
What is the square root of 𝑦 4 ? ____________
Therefore, 16𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 = ( _______________)( ______________)

5. (2𝑥 − 1)2 − 49
Solution:
What is the square root of (2𝑥 − 1)2 ? ____________
What is the square root of 49? ____________
Therefore, (2𝑥 − 1)2 − 49 = ( _______________)( ______________)

Page 8 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D2
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2:
Factor completely.
1. 𝑎2 − 49

2. 𝑝2 − 144

3. 𝑥 2 − 9

4. 𝑘 2 − 121

5. 𝑛2 − 289

Remember:
Formula for Difference of Two Squares: 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)
Steps on how to factor the difference of two squares.
1. Find the square roots of the two terms.
2. Write the factorization as the sum and difference of the square roots.

Generalization:
Explain in your own words how to factor difference of two squares?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3:
A. Determine if the given binomial is a difference of two squares or not. Write DTS for difference of two
squares and NOT for not difference of two squares.

1. 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ________

2. 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ________

3. 𝑎2 + 25 ________

4. 𝑏 2 − 15 ________

5. 16𝑑2 − 25𝑒 4 ________

Page 9 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D2
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

EVALUATION:
Factor each completely.

1. 4𝑥 2 − 25

2. 9𝑎2 − 4

3. 9𝑏 2 − 25

4. 16𝑟 2 − 25

5. 25𝑚2 − 9

Prepared by:

Anecita S. Santos
Pasay City South High School
References for Further Enhancement:
https://www.chilimath.com
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com
https://www.lavc.educ
khan academy

Page 10 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D3
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 8
First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 3

OBJECTIVE: Factors completely perfect square trinomials.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

• Identifying and factoring perfect square trinomials

TRY TO DISCOVER!
Give the product of the following:
1.) (𝑎 + 𝑏)2
2.) (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
3.) (𝑥 + 5)2
4.) (3𝑦 − 4)2
Solution:
1) (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) you can use FOIL Method
= 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
= 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Therefore, (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2.

2) (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) you can use FOIL Method

= 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Perfect Square Trinomials
= 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
Therefore, (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 .

Note that in the patterns, 𝑎 and 𝑏 can be any algebraic expression. For example, we want to
expand (𝑥 + 5)2 . In this case, 𝑎 = 𝑥 and 𝑏 = 5

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

3) (𝑥 + 5)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2(𝑥)(5) + (5)2

= 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25
Therefore, (𝑥 + 5)2 = 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25.
The answer, which is 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25 is a Perfect Square Trinomial. Because the first term, x 2 is
a perfect square, the middle term, 10𝑥 is twice the product of the square roots of the first term (𝑥)
and last term (5) while the last term, 25 is a perfect square.

Page 11 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D3
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

4) (3𝑦 − 4)2 = (3𝑦)2 − 2(3𝑦)(4) + (4)2

= 9𝑦 2 − 24𝑦 + 16

Now you already know perfect square trinomials. This time we are going to get their factors.
It’s just the reverse of what we did earlier.

Perfect Square Trinomials can be factored using the following equations:

𝒂𝟐 +𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 = ( 𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐

𝒂𝟐 -𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 = ( 𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐

Example:

1.Factor 𝑛2 + 16𝑛 + 64
Solution:
a. Since 𝑛2 = (𝑛)2 and 64 = (8)2 , then both the first and last terms are perfect squares.
and 16𝑛 = (2)(𝑛)(8), then the given expression is a perfect square polynomial.
b. The square root of the first term is 𝑛 and the square root of the last term is 8, then
the polynomial is factored as (𝑛 + 8)2 or (𝑛 + 8)( 𝑛 + 8).

2. Factor 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9
Solution:
a. Since 𝑥 2 = (𝑥)2 and 9 = (3)2, then both the first and last terms are perfect
squares and 6𝑥 = (2)(𝑥)(3), then the given expression is a perfect square
polynomial.
b. The square root of the first term is 𝑥 and the square root of the last term is 3,
then the polynomial is factored as (𝑥 − 3)2 .

Take note of the sign: Positive (+) if the middle term is positive
Negative (−) if the middle term is negative

We can also factor this trinomial using the sum-product pattern. Example:

3. Factor: 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 What are the factors of 16 that sum to 8 ? Since 4 ∙ 4 = 16

and 4 + 4 = 8, we can factor the polynomial as follows:

𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 = (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 4)
= (𝑥 + 4)2

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 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D3
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

4. Factor 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 What are the factors of 9 that sum to −6?

Since (−3)(−3) = 9 and (−3) + (−3) = −6.
We can factor the polynomial as:
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 3)
= (𝑥 − 3)2

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1:

A. Tell whether the given trinomial is a perfect square or not. Give the reason.
1) 𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 49 Yes! Because the first term, 𝑥 2 and the last term, 49 are perfect squares and
the middle term is twice the product of the square roots of the first and last terms, 2(𝑥)(7).

2) 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1 _______________________________________________________________

3) 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 _______________________________________________________________

4) 𝑎2 + 6𝑎 + 9 _______________________________________________________________

5) 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25 _______________________________________________________________

B. Factor the following.

1) 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 =

2) 𝑦 2 + 14𝑦 + 49 =

3) 𝑛2 + 18𝑛 + 81 =

4) 𝑏 2 − 20𝑏 + 100 =

5) 4𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 25 =

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2:
Factor the following.
1) 𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 81

2) 𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 100

3) 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 49

4) 𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 + 121

5) 𝑦 2 − 18𝑦 + 81

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 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D3
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

REMEMBER:
Perfect Square Trinomial is the product of squaring a binomial.
A trinomial is a perfect square if the first term and last terms are perfect squares
and the middle term is always twice the product of the square root of the first and
last terms.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3:
Match the factors of the following polynomials and write the corresponding letter in the box in order to
decode the name of a mathematician.

1) 16𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 25 A) (5𝑥 + 11)2

2) 121𝑥 2 − 198𝑥 + 81 E) (5𝑥 − 8)2

3) 100𝑥 2 − 180𝑥 + 81 T) (𝑥 + 12)2

4) 25𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 16 S)(7𝑥 + 2)2

5) 36𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 25 E) (11𝑥 − 9)2

6) 25𝑥 2 − 80𝑥 + 64 D) (6𝑥 − 5)2

7) 4𝑥 2 − 28𝑥 + 49 N) (10𝑥 − 9)2

8) 121𝑥 2 − 110𝑥 + 25 R) (𝑥 + 11)2

9) 25𝑥 2 + 110𝑥 + 121 E) (10𝑥 + 3)2

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
10) 𝑥 2 + 22𝑥 + 121
S) (2𝑥 − 7)2

11) 𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 144 R) (4𝑥 + 5)2

12) 100𝑥 2 + 60𝑥 + 9 C) (11𝑥 − 5)2

13) 49𝑥 2 + 28𝑥 + 4 E) (5𝑥 − 4)2

1 2 3 4

Page 14 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D3
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

EVALUATION:

A. Which of the following expressions are perfect square trinomials? Write PST if it is and NOT if not.

1) 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 64

2) 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 64

3) 𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 16

4) 9𝑦 2 − 18𝑦 + 9

5) 9𝑦 2 + 18𝑦 + 9

6) 16𝑎2 − 36𝑎 + 81

7) 16𝑎2 − 72𝑎 + 81

8) 36𝑏 2 + 12𝑏 + 1

9) 25𝑎2 − 10𝑎 + 4

10) 9𝑦 2 + 6𝑎 + 1

B. Factor each expression.

1) 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9

2) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9

3) 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 25

4) 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4

5) 49𝑥 2 + 14𝑥 + 1

Prepared by:

Anecita S. Santos
Pasay City South High School
References FOR Further Enhancement:
https://www.chilimath.com
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com

Page 15 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D4
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 8
First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 4

OBJECTIVE: Factors completely the sum of two cubes.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY:

• Factoring the sum of two cubes

TRY TO DISCOVER!
The sum of two cubes can be factored into a product of a binomial times a trinomial. That is

𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )
same opposite always positive

S O AP
Don’t forget the mnemonic “SOAP”, S – same sign, O – opposite sign and AP – always positive.

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

1. Factor the polynomial 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕.
Solution: 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕 = (𝑥)3 + (3)3 Rewrite as base to a cube

binomial trinomial

= (𝑥 + 3)[(𝑥)2 − (𝑥)(3) + (3)2 ]

Square of the 2nd term of the binomial

Product of the terms of the binomial

Square of the 1st term of the binomial

cube root of the 2nd term of the polynomial

Cube root of the 1st term of the polynomial

= (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9)

Therefore, 𝑥 3 + 27 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9).

2. Factor 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝟒𝒚𝟑 .
Solution: 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3 = (3𝑥)3 + (4𝑦)3

= (3𝑥 + 4𝑦)[(3𝑥)2 − (3𝑥)(4𝑦) + (4𝑦)2 ]

= (3𝑥 + 4𝑦)(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 2 )

Therefore, 27𝑥 3 + 64𝑦 3 = (3𝑥 + 4𝑦)(9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥𝑦 + 16𝑦 2 )

3. Factor 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕.

Solution: 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕 = (5𝑥)3 + (3)3
= (5𝑥 + 3)[(5𝑥)2 − (5𝑥)(3) + (3)2 ]
= (5𝑥 + 3)(25𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 9)
Therefore, 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕 = (𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐
− 20
Page 16 of 𝟏𝟓𝒙 + 𝟗)
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D4
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________
4. Factor 3𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 4 𝑦 Can we consider this polynomial as sum of two cubes? It is not. If you
see something like this, take out the common factors.
Solution:
3𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 4 𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑦 (1 + 8𝑥 3 )

Common Sum of
monomial two cubes
factor

= 3𝑥𝑦[(1)3 + (2𝑥)3 ]

= 3𝑥𝑦(1 + 2𝑥)[(1)2 − (1)(2𝑥) + (2𝑥)2 ]

= 3𝑥𝑦(1 + 2𝑥)(1 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 )

Therefore, 3𝑥𝑦 + 24𝑥 4 𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑦(1 + 2𝑥)(1 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) .

5. Factor 4𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 108 What is the common factor?

Solution:

4𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 108 = 4(𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 27)

= 4[(𝑥𝑦)3 + (3)3 ]

= 4(𝑥𝑦 + 3)[(𝑥𝑦)2 − (𝑥𝑦)(3) + (3)2 ]

= 4(𝑥𝑦 + 3)(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 9)

Therefore, 4𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + 108 = 4(𝑥𝑦 + 3)(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 9)

Are you ready now to answer exercises? If not, try to go back to the explanation above. Just remember the
SOAP for the signs.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 1:
A. Give the cube root of the following.

1) 1

2) 8𝑥 3

3) 27𝑦 3

4) 125𝑎3

5) 216𝑏 3

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 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D4
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

B. Factor each completely by filling the blanks.

1) 𝑥 3 + 125 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

2) 𝑎3 + 64 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

3) 𝑛3 + 8 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

4) 𝑏 3 + 27 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

5) 𝑛3 + 1 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

6) 1 + 𝑎3 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

7) 8𝑦 3 + 27 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

8) 8𝑛3 + 1 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

9) 27𝑛3 + 1 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________

10) 125 + 𝑎3 = ( _______)3 + (_______ )3

= ( ______ + _____) [( ______)2 − (______)(______) + (_______)2 ]

= _______________________________________
Page 18 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D4
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2:
Factor each completely. Just write the final answer.
1) 8 + 𝑎3

2) 216 + 𝑏 3

3) 8𝑏 3 + 𝑎3

4) 27 + 𝑥 3

5) 27𝑎3 + 𝑏 3

Remember:

Sum of Two Cubes: 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )

1. The factors of the sum of two cubes is a binomial and a trinomial.

2. For the binomial factor, the first term is the cube root of the first term of the given polynomial, while
the second term is the cube root of the last term of the given polynomial.

3. For the trinomial factor, the first term is the square of the first term of the binomial factor. The middle
term is the product of the terms of the binomial factor with opposite sign to it. The last term is the
square of the binomial factor.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3:
Factor completely.

1) 27𝑎3 + 8𝑏 3

2) 64𝑚3 + 8𝑛3

3) 𝑏 3 + 125

4) 8𝑏 3 + 27𝑐 3

5) 2𝑥 3 + 54𝑦 3

Page 19 of 20
 Module Code: Pasay-M8-Q1-W1-D4
Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Section: ______________________

EVALUATION:
Find the factors of each expression.

1) 𝑚3 + 1

2) 𝑛3 + 343

3) 8𝑥 3 + 27

4) 27𝑦 3 + 125

5) 64𝑎3 + 216

Prepared by:

Anecita S. Santos
Pasay City South High School
References for Further Enhancement:
https://www.chilimath.com
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com
https://www.lavc.educ
khan academy

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