This set of Mechanical Behaviour Problems focuses on “Tension Test and Stress

Strain Curve”.

1. What is the deformation per unit length?

a) Strain

b) Stress

c) Toughness

d) Resilience

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Deformation per unit length is known as strain. Stress is a load per unit
area. Strain is expressed in fraction or in percent.

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2. Ductility is indicated by _________

a) Percentage elongation

b) Percentage reduction

c) Poisson’s ratio

d) Elasticity

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Ductility is calculated by percentage elongation. It is the ability of a

material to undergo plastic deformation. It is opposite of brittleness.

3. If a bar is doubled in length, what will be the strain induced?

a) 0.5

b) 1.0

c) 1.5

d) 2.0
View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Strain is given by the change in length divided by original length. Here on
calculation, strain comes out to be 1.0.

4. Ductility is the opposite concept of _________

a) Toughness

b) Plasticity

c) Brittleness

d) Resilience

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Ductility is the measure of percentage elongation. Brittleness shows a

material’s susceptibility to undergo brittle fracture. Hence it is the opposite of
ductility.

5. What term is used for the ratio of lateral strain to linear strain?

a) Bulk modulus

b) Elastic modulus

c) Shear strain

d) Poisson’s ratio

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Ratio of lateral strain to linear strain is known as Poisson’s ratio.

Modulus of elasticity is ratio of stress to strain. Bulk of modulus is mostly applied in
liquids.

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6. Material, if show identical properties in all directions, is said to be _________

a) Isotropic
b) Elastic

c) Ideal

d) Homogeneous

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Directional properties are measured in terms of isotropy. If it shows

properties identical in all directions, it is known as isotropic. Anisotropic is opposite
of isotropic.

7. Which material has higher elasticity?

a) Rubber

b) Glass

c) Steel

d) Copper

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Decreasing order of elasticity is steel > copper > rubber > glass.
Elasticity is inversely proportional to strain developed within the material. That’s why
steel is the most elastic of four.

8. _________ does not show linear stress strain relationship.

a) Rubber

b) Ceramic

c) Steel

d) Copper

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Rubber is an elastic material. It does not exhibit linear stress strain
relationship. Ceramics show higher elastic modulus.
9. The maximum stress up to which stress is proportional to strain is known as
________

a) Tensile stress

b) Compressive stress

c) Modulus of elasticity

d) Proportional limit

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The maximum stress up to which stress is proportional to strain is

known as proportional limit. Modulus of elasticity is a ratio of stress to strain.
Hooke’s law holds good in this limit.

10. Yield strength represents resistance against _________

a) Fracture

b) Elastic deformation

c) Bending

d) Plastic deformation

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Yield strength represents materials’ resistance against plastic

deformation. Rigidity shows resistance against elastic deformation. Stiffness is a
measure of resistance against bending.

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11. Strain hardening causes more deformation on less stress application.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Strain hardening is an effect of dislocation multiplication. It causes a
back stress development in material. So extra load is needed to apply.

12. Necking causes drop in load after an ultimate tensile point.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Ductile metals show the drop in load after an ultimate tensile point. It is
because of necking. It results in decrease in local cross section.

This set of Mechanical Behaviour Quiz focuses on “Variables Affecting Tensile

Properties”.

1. With increasing gauge length, % elongation _____

a) Increases

b) Decreases

c) Remains constant

d) First increases then decrease

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Localised elongation is maximum in the fracture area. Necking occurs in

localised deformations. It contributes most to the elongation.

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2. What gauge length is commercially used?

a) 10 mm

b) 20 mm

c) 30 mm
d) 50mm

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Gauge length is specified while reporting the percentage elongation.

50mm is commonly used commercially.

3. As cast, small diameter bar specimens have ________ strength.

a) Higher

b) Lower

c) Same

d) Either higher or lower

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Small diameter bars cool faster. These have a different microstructure.
These have good tensile strength.

4. What is not a variable which affects tensile properties?

a) Gauge length

b) Temperature

c) Load

d) Strain rate

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: When gauge length increases, elongation % decreases. With an increase

in strain rate. Material tends to show brittle behaviour. Strength decreases as
temperature increases.

5. For L/D ratio greater than ___________ the reduction in area is independent of ratio.

a) 0.2

b) 2
c) 5

d) 10

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: For L/D ratio greater than 2, the reduction in area is independent of ratio.
Gauge length to diameter ratio effects ductility of specimen. It generates a notch like
effect.

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6. Specimen with L/D = 0 gives _________ strength.

a) Higher

b) Lower

c) Equal

d) Higher or lower

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: specimen with gauge length zero will have L/D = 0. It will show high
strength with little deformation. It generates a notch like effect.

7. With an increase in strain rate, ductility ______ and tensile strength _____

a) Increases, increases

b) Increases, decreases

c) Decreases, increases

d) Decreases, decreases

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: With an increase in strain rate, ductility of materials decreases. It is

because material shows brittle behaviour. Tensile strength of material increases.

8. Yield and flow strength at lower plastic strain is more dependent on _____ than
______

a) Strain rate, tensile strength

b) Tensile strength, strain rate

c) Strain rate, temperature

d) Temperature, tensile strength

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Yield and flow strength at lower plastic strain are more dependent on
strain rate than tensile strength. In shaping processes strain rates are higher. It can
lead to unexpected mechanical behaviour.

9. At strain rates _____ behaviour of the material is characterized by creep.

a) Low, 104 per second

b) Low, 10-4 per second

c) High, 104 per second

d) High, 10-4 per second

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: At lower strain rates behaviour of the material is characterized by creep.

These strain rates are less than about 10-4 per second. For higher strain rates
materials behave in a different manner.

10. Elastic modulus and strength ____ and ductility ___ as the temperature of material
increases.

a) Increases, increases

b) Increases, decreases

c) Decreases, increases

d) Decreases, decreases

View Answer
Answer: c

Explanation: Elastic modulus and strength of material decrease as temperature

increases. It is because bond length increases. Ductility on other hand increases with
temperature.

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11. Tensile curve gets lower down with an increase in temperature.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: With an increase in temperature, tensile strength decreases. Ductility

increases with temperature. Hence tensile curve gets lower down.

12. In FCC metals, yield stress increases rapidly with decreasing temperature.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In FCC metals, yield stress doesn’t depend on temperature much. For
BCC materials, yield stress decreases with increasing temperature.

This set of Mechanical Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Tensile Properties”.

1. What is the elastic modulus of steel?

a) 69-79 GPa

b) 41-45 GPa
c) 190-217 GPa

d) 330-360 GPa

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Steel has an elastic modulus of 190-217 GPa. It has E higher than
aluminum and magnesium alloys. But lower than tungsten and molybdenum alloys.

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2. What is the elastic modulus of titanium alloys?

a) 150-170 GPa

b) 180-214 GPa

c) 80-130 GPa

d) 41-45 GPa

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Titanium alloys have the elastic modulus in the range of 80 to 130 GPa.
It is greater than aluminum and magnesium alloys but lesser than steel.

3. What is the order of elastic modulus for Nickel alloys, Lead alloys, Molybdenum
alloys, alumina?

a) Pb < Mo < Ni < Al2O3

b) Ni < Pb < Mo < Al2O3

c) Pb < Ni < Mo < Al2O3

d) Pb < Ni < Al2O3 < Mo

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Lowest elastic modulus is of Lead and its alloys of 14-18 GPa. Ni and
Mo alloys have elastic modulus of 180-214 and 330-360 GPa respectively. Al2O3 has
highest E among the four of 415 GPa.
4. What property enhances with a decrease in E?

a) Flexibility

b) Stiffness

c) Hardness

d) UTS

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The lower the elastic modulus of material, the more flexible it is.
Bending of material becomes easier. On the other hand, stiffness decreases.

5. What is the unit of elastic modulus?

a) Mohs

b) GPa

c) Kg

d) N

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Elastic modulus is expressed in GPa. Mohs is the unit used for
hardness. Stress is measured in MPa.

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6. When applied stress is of shear type, the modulus of elasticity is known as ___

a) Bulk modulus

b) Modulus of resilience

c) Shear modulus

d) Stiffness

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: When the type of stress applied is shear, E is known as shear modulus.
It is also known as modulus of rigidity. Stiffness is measured in terms of E.

7. Which of the following tensile property is dimensionless?

a) Tensile stress

b) Elastic modulus

c) True strain

d) Toughness

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: True strain is dimensionless property. Tensile strength and elastic

modulus are measured in MPa and GPa respectively.

8. What is a factor which controls the elastic modulus?

a) Alloying

b) Heat treatment

c) Interatomic forces

d) Cold working

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: On a constant temperature and pressure, E only is function of two

factors. First is type of interatomic forces. Second is arrangement of atoms or
crystal structure.

9. Stress should not exceed ___ when in service.

a) Yield strength

b) Tensile strength

c) Fracture strength

d) Toughness

View Answer
Answer: a

Explanation: Above yield strength, material starts to deform plastically. It causes a

change in dimensions and properties of a material. So material should be used below
it.

10. Stress should not exceed ___ when in mechanical working

a) Yield strength

b) Tensile strength

c) Fracture strength

d) Toughness

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Mechanical working process consists of plastic deformation. So it is

performed above yield strength. But it is limited below tensile strength so as to avoid
fracture.

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11. Ductility of material is its ability to flow plastically under compressive load.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Ductility is a tensile property. It is studied under tensile loading. It is the

ability to plastic flow without rupture.

12. Work per unit volume of the material is a known modulus of toughness.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Toughness is measured by the amount of work per unit volume of the
material under static loading. Work per unit volume of material is called modulus of
toughness

This set of Tough Mechanical Behaviour Questions and Answers focuses on “True
Stress Strain Curve”.

1. What is an expression of true stress?

a) Pu / Ai

b) Pu / A0

c) P / Ai

d) P / A0

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: True stress is shown with symbol σT. It is given by expression σT = P /

Ai here P is load and Ai is an instantaneous or true area of cross section.

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2. True strain is ____ than the engineering strain corresponding to a given load.

a) Larger

b) Smaller

c) Equal

d) Either smaller or equal

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: True strain is given by ƐT = ln (L/L0). It is smaller than the engineering

strain. It can be illustrated by ƐT = ln (1 + Ɛ) expression.

3. What is a relation between true and engineering strain?

a) ƐT = ln (1 + Ɛ)
b) ƐT = ln (L/L0)

c) ƐT = ln (ΔL/L0)

d) ƐT = ΔL/L0

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: ƐT = ln (1 + Ɛ). Here ƐT is a true strain and Ɛ is engineering strain. This

expression can be calculated using ƐT = ln (L/L0) expression.

4. What is the relation between true and engineering stress?

a) σT = ln (L/L0)

b) σT = ln (1 + Ɛ)

c) σT = σ (1 + Ɛ)

d) σT = σ (1 – Ɛ)

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: σT = σ (1 + Ɛ). Here σT is true stress, σ engineering stress and Ɛ is

engineering strain. It is applicable before onset of necking.

5. What term defines plastic instability?

a) dP = constant

b) dP = 0

c) dP < 0

d) dP > 0

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Plastic instability is characteristic of ductile materials. It is expressed as

dP = 0. Here dP is change in load due to strain hardening.

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6. Plastic instability occurs when the slope of the true stress strain curve ____ the
true stress at the point.

a) Exceeds

b) Equals

c) Is less

d) Is less or higher

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Plastic instability condition is given by dP = 0. It can be further simplified

in dσT/dƐT = σT. Which means the slope of the true stress strain curve equals the
true stress at the point.

7. True value of stress experience by material _____ than the conventional one for a
given load.

a) Higher

b) Lower

c) Equal

d) Higher or lower

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The true area of cross section at any load in the plastic range is smaller.
While it is larger for original value. So true value is always higher.

8. What is considered more in mechanical working processes?

a) Yield stress

b) Shear stress

c) True stress

d) Engineering stress

View Answer
Answer: c

Explanation: metal forming processes are extrusion, drawing, rolling, etc. True stress
is considered to be more important than engineering stress. To correlate the theory
for different forms of loading, true values are preferred.

9. True stress strain curve _______

a) Continuously rises

b) After yield point comes down

c) After yield point remains constant

d) Uncertain after yield point

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Instantaneous area decreases continuously with strain in the plastic

range. So true stress curve continuously rises. It rises till the breaking point.

10. The points on the true stress strain curve ______ the conventional stress strain
curves up to the onset of necking.

a) Lie on the left of

b) Lie on the right of

c) Superimpose

d) May lie on left or right

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Points on the true stress strain curve lie on the left of the conventional
stress strain curve. It is up to onset of necking. This can be obtained by
superimposing both the curves.

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11. Materials in general have higher elastic strain of 50% order.

a) True

b) False

View Answer
Answer: b

Explanation: Materials generally have very low elastic strain. It may be approximately
0.1%. On strains above it, materials deform permanently.

12. True stress value is affected by strain hardening.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: True stress is affected by strain hardening. So it varies from material to

material. It is because an instantaneous area is taken into account.

This set of Mechanical Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Yield Point Phenomenon”.

1. The elongation that occurs at constant load is called ____

a) Homogeneous elongation

b) Elastic elongation

c) Yield point elongation

d) Constant elongation

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Yield point elongation is the elongation that occurs at constant load. It is
about 15 to 20 times the elastic elongation. Elastic elongation is 0.1 percent for most
of the metals.

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2. The yield point is ____

a) Stress

b) Strain

c) Toughness

d) Resilience

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The stress at which transition occurs above the elastic limit is called
yield point. It can be sharp or gradual.

3. Which material shows yield point phenomena?

a) Aluminium

b) Copper

c) Low carbon steel

d) Glass

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Aluminium and copper are ductile materials with gradual yield point.
Glass is ceramic which rarely undergo yielding. Low carbon steel shows yield point
phenomenon.

4. Yield point elongation is ____ times the elastic elongation.

a) 2

b) 20

c) 200

d) 2000

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Elastic elongation is generally 0.1 percent. Yield point elongation is 15 to

20 times the elastic elongation. This point may vary from material to material.
5. What term is used for the load at which a sudden drop occurs in a conventional
tensile curve?

a) Plastic instability

b) Upper yield point

c) Lower yield point

d) Static load

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Yield point is of two types. The upper yield point is the load at which a
sudden drop occurs in a conventional tensile curve. Lower yield point is lower
constant load at which appreciable yielding occurs.

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6. Which term is different from others?

a) Yield point

b) Fracture point

c) Proportional limit

d) Elastic limit

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Fracture point is different from the other three terms. Other three terms
define the stress above Hooke’s limit. At this point, stress is no longer proportional to
strain produced.

7. Stretcher strains are because of ____

a) Necking

b) Strain hardening

c) Lüders bands

d) Cold rolling

View Answer
Answer: c

Explanation: stretcher strains are because of lüders bands. These bands generate
irregularities on the sheet surface. It destroys the surface finish.

8. What process is used to overcome stretcher strains?

a) Deep drawing

b) Skin rolling

c) Bending

d) Finishing

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Skin rolling treatment is given to sheets. It removes the discontinuous

yield point from tensile curve. Hence stretcher strains don’t ruin the sheet surface
finish.

9. What percent of cold reduction is given in skin rolling?

a) < 0.5%

b) 0.5-2%

c) 2-5%

d) 5-10%

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In skin rolling small cold reduction is given to the sheet. It is in the range
of 0.5-2%. It is given immediately before the forming operation so as to avoid the
recurrence of yield point.

10. What is the main reason for discontinuous yielding?

a) Grain boundaries

b) Substitutional atoms

c) Interstitial atoms
d) Vacancies

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Discontinuous yielding is caused by the presence of interstitial atoms.

These may be carbon and nitrogen atoms in steel. These atoms lock the
dislocations.

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11. Cottrell atmosphere is a yield point phenomenon related term.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Solute atoms in material tend to restrict motion of dislocations. These

atoms occupy positions below edge dislocations. This is called the Cottrell
atmosphere.

12. Lower stress is required to initiate yielding.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: Once dislocations are made free, their motion needs the lower stress. A
higher stress is required to initiate yielding. But a lower stress is required to continue
it.