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Chapter 9

NAME DATE PERIOD NAME DATE PERIOD

9 Anticipation Guide 9-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Quadratic and Exponential Functions Graphing Quadratic Functions

Chapter Resources
Step 1
Characteristics of Quadratic Functions
Before you begin Chapter 9
Quadratic a function described by an equation of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, Example:
• Read each statement. Function where a ≠ 0 y = 2x2 + 3x + 8
• Decide whether you Agree (A) or Disagree (D) with the statement.
The parent graph of the family of quadratic fuctions is y = x2. Graphs of quadratic functions

Answers (Anticipation Guide and Lesson 9-1)

• Write A or D in the first column OR if you are not sure whether you agree or have a general shape called a parabola. A parabola opens upward and has a minimum
disagree, write NS (Not Sure). point when the value of a is positive, and a parabola opens downward and has a maximum
point when the value of a is negative.
STEP 1 STEP 2

Lesson 9-1
Statement Example 1 Example 2
A, D, o NS AoD
a. Use a table of values to graph a. Use a table of values to graph
1. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola. A y = x2 - 4x + 1. y = -x2 - 6x - 7.
2. The graph of 4x2 – 2x + 7 will be a parabola opening downward y y
since the coefficient of x2 is positive. D x y x y
-1 6 -6 -7
3. A quadratic function’s axis of symmetry is either the x-axis or
the y-axis. D 0 1 -5 -2 O x
1 -2 -4 1
4. The graph of a quadratic function opening upward has no
maximum value. A 2 -3 O x -3 2
-2 1
3 -2
5. The x-intercepts of the graph of a quadratic function are the
solutions to the related quadratic equation. A 4 1
-1 -2
0 -7
A1

6. All quadratic equations have two real solutions. D Graph the ordered pairs in the table and
7. Any quadratic expression can be written as a perfect square by connect them with a smooth curve.
A Graph the ordered pairs in the table and
a method called completing the square.
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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

b. What is the domain and range of connect them with a smooth curve.
8. The quadratic formula can only be used to solve quadratic this function?
equations that cannot be solved by factoring or graphing. D The domain (the x-values) is all real b. What is the domain and range of this
numbers. The range (the y-values) is all function?
9. A function containing powers is called an exponential function. D The domain (the x-values is all real
real numbers greater than or equal to
10. Receiving compound interest on a bank account is one example -3, which is the minimum. numbers. The range (the y-values) is all
of exponential growth. A real numbers less than or equal to 2,
which is the maximum.

Step 2 After you complete Chapter 9 Exercises

• Reread each statement and complete the last column by entering an A or a D. Use a table of values to graph each function. Determine the domain and range.
• Did any of your opinions about the statements change from the first column? 1. y = x2 + 2 2. y = -x2 - 4 3. y = x2 - 3x + 2
y y y
• For those statements that you mark with a D, use a piece of paper to write an
O x
example of why you disagree.
Glencoe Algebra 1

O x O x

D: {x|x is a real D: {x|x is a real D: {x|x is a real

number.} R: {y|y ≥ 2} number.} R: {y|y ≤ -4} number.}
1
R: {y|y ≥ - − }
4
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Answers
Chapter 9

NAME DATE PERIOD NAME DATE PERIOD

9-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 9-1 Skills Practice

Graphing Quadratic Functions Graphing Quadratic Functions
Symmetry and Vertices Parabolas have a geometric property called symmetry. That Use a table of values to graph each function. State the domain the range.
is, if the figure is folded in half, each half will match the other half exactly. The vertical line
containing the fold line is called the axis of symmetry. The axis of symmetry contains the 1. y = x2 - 4 2. y = -x2 + 3 3. y = x2 - 2x - 6
minimum or maximum point of the parabola, the vertex. y y y

Axis of 2
For the parabola y = ax + bx + c, where a ≠ 0, Example: The axis of symmetry of O x
Symmetry b
the line x = - − is the axis of symmetry. y = x2 + 2x + 5 is the line x = -1. O x
2a
O x

Example Consider the graph of y = 2x2 + 4x + 1.

Lesson 9-1
a. Write the equation of the axis of b. Find the coordinates of the vertex.
symmetry. Since the equation of the axis of D = all reals D = all reals D = all reals
In y = 2x2 + 4x + 1, a = 2 and b = 4. symmetry is x = -1 and the vertex lies R = {y | y ≤ 3}
R = {y | y ≥ – 4} R = {y | y ≥ – 7}
Substitute these values into the equation on the axis, the x-coordinate of the vertex

Answers (Lesson 9-1)

of the axis of symmetry. is -1.
b y = 2x2 + 4x + 1 Original equation Find the vertex, the equation of the axis of symmetry, and the y-intercept.
x=-−
2a y = 2(-1)2 + 4(-1) + 1 Substitute.
4 y = 2(1) - 4 + 1 Simplify. 4. y = 2x2 - 8x + 6 5. y = x2 + 4x + 6 6. y = -3x2 - 12x + 3
x=-− = -1
2(2) y = -1
The axis of symmetry is x = -1.
(2, -2); x = 2; (0, 6) (-2, 2); x = -2; (0, 6) (-2, 15); x = -2; (0, 3)
The vertex is at (-1, -1).
c. Identify the vertex as a maximum or y Consider each equation.
A2

a minimum.
x = -1
a. Determine whether the function has maximum or minimum value.
Since the coefficient of the x2-term is

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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
positive, the parabola opens upward, and b. State the maximum or minimum value.
the vertex is a minimum point.
d. Graph the function. c. What are the domain and range of the function?
O x
(-1, -1) 7. y = 2x2 8. y = x2 - 2x - 5 9. y = -x2 + 4x - 1
Exercises minimum; (0, 0); minimum; (1, -6); maximum; (2, 3);
Consider each equation. Determine whether the function has maximum or D = all reals, D = all reals, D = all reals,
minimum value. State the maximum or minimum value. What are the domain and R = {y | y ≥ 0} R = {y | y ≥ -6} R = {y | y ≤ 3}
range of the function? Find the equation of the axis of symmetry. Graph the
function.
Graph each function.
1. y = x2 + 3 2. y = -x2 - 4x - 4 3. y = x2 + 2x + 3
10. f(x) = -x2 - 2x + 2 11. f(x) = 2x2 + 4x - 2 12. f(x) = -2x2 - 4x + 6
y y y
f(x) f(x) f (x)

O x
O x
O x
Glencoe Algebra 1

O x O x

O x
min; (0, 3); max; (-2, 0); min; (-1, 2);
D: {x| all reals}, D: {x| all reals}, D: {x| all reals},
R: {y|y ≥ 3}; x = 0 R: {y|y ≤ 0}; x = -2 R: {y|y ≥ 2}; x = -1
Chapter 9 6 Glencoe Algebra 1 Chapter 9 7 Glencoe Algebra 1

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 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9

NAME DATE PERIOD NAME DATE PERIOD

9-1 Practice 9-1 Word Problem Practice

Graphing Quadratic Functions Graphing Quadratic Functions
Use a table of values to graph each function. Determine the domain and range. 1. OLYMPICS Olympics were held in 4. SOFTBALL Olympic softball gold
1896 and have been held every four years medalist Michele Smith pitches a
1. y = -x2 + 2 2. y = x2 - 6x + 3 3. y = -2x2 - 8x - 5 (except 1916, 1940, and 1944). curveball with a speed of 64 feet per
y y y The winning height y in men’s pole second. If she throws the ball straight
vault at any number Olympiad x can upward at this speed, the ball’s height h
O x O x be approximated by the equation (in feet) after t seconds is given by
O x y = 0.37x2 + 4.3x + 126. Complete the h = -16t2 + 64t. Find the coordinates of
table to estimate the pole vault heights the vertex of the graph of the ball’s
in each of the Olympic Games. Round height and interpret its meaning.

Lesson 9-1
your answers to the nearest tenth. (2, 64); After 2 seconds, the ball
reaches its highest point, 64 ft
D: {x| all reals} D: {x| all reals} D: {x| all reals} Year
Olympiad Height
above the ground.
(x) (y inches)
R: {y|y ≤ 2} R: {y|y ≥ -6} R: {y|y ≤ 3}

Answers (Lesson 9-1)

1896 1 130.7
Find the vertex, the equation of the axis of symmetry, and the y-intercept.
1900 2 136.1 5. GEOMETRY Teddy is building the
4. y = x2 - 9 5. y = -2x2 + 8x - 5 6. 4x2 - 4x + 1 rectangular deck shown below.
1924 7 174.2
(0, -9); x = 0; (0, -9) (2, 3); x = 2; (0, -5) (0.5, 0); x = 0.5; (0, 1) x+6
1936 10 206.0
Consider each equation. Determine whether the function has maximum or 1964 15 273.8 x-2
minimum value. State the maximum or minimum value. What are the domain 2008 26 487.9
A3

and range of the function?

Source: National Security Agency
3 2
7. y = 5x2 - 2x + 2 8. y = -x2 + 5x - 10 9. y = − x + 4x - 9 a. Write the equation representing the
2

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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
min; (0.2, 1.8); max; (2.5, -3.75); 1 2 area of the deck. y = (x - 2)(x + 6)
min; (-1− , -11− );
D: {x| all reals}, D: {x| all reals}, 3 3 or y = x2 + 4x - 12
R: {y|y ≥ 1.8} R: {y|y ≤ -3.75} D: {x| all reals}, 2. PHYSICS Mrs. Capwell’s physics class
2 investigates what happens when a ball is
Graph each function. R: {y|y ≥ -11− }
3 given an initial push, rolls up, and then
10. f(x) = -x2 + 3 11. f(x) = -2x2 + 8x - 3 12. f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 1 back down an inclined plane. The class b. What is the equation of the axis of
finds that y = -x2 + 6x accurately symmetry? x = -2
f(x) f(x) f (x) predicts the ball’s position y after rolling
O x x seconds. On the graph of the equation,
what would be the y value when x = 4?
O x 8 c. Graph the equation and label its
O x
vertex.
y
-5 -4-3-2 O 1 x
3. ARCHITECTURE A hotel’s main
-4
entrance is in the shape of a parabolic -6
13. BASEBALL A player hits a baseball into the outfield. The equation h = -0.005x2 + x + 3 arch. The equation y = -x2 + 10x models -8
gives the path of the ball, where h is the height and x is the horizontal distance the ball the arch height y for any distance x from -10
travels. one side of the arch. Use a graph to -12
-14
Glencoe Algebra 1

a. What is the equation of the axis of symmetry? x = 100 determine its maximum height. (-2,-16) -16
25 ft
b. What is the maximum height reached by the baseball? 53 ft
c. An outfielder catches the ball three feet above the ground. How far has the ball
traveled horizontally when the outfielder catches it? 200 ft

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Answers
Chapter 9

NAME DATE PERIOD NAME DATE PERIOD

9-1 Enrichment 9-2 Study Guide and Intervention

Graphing Cubic Functions Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing
A cubic function is a polynomial written in the form of f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + n, Solve by Graphing
where a ≠ 0. Cubic functions do not have absolute minimum and maximum values like
quadratic functions do, but they can have a local minimum and a local maximum point. Quadratic Equation an equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0

f (x)
The solutions of a quadratic equation are called the roots of the equation. The roots of
a quadratic equation can be found by graphing the related quadratic function
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c and finding the x-intercepts or zeros of the function.
Parent Function: f(x) = x3

Answers (Lesson 9-1 and Lesson 9-2)

Domain: all real numbers 0 x
Range: all real numbers
Example 1 Solve x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 by Example 2 Solve x2 - 6x + 9 = 0 by
graphing. graphing.
Graph the related function f(x) = x2 + 4x + 3. Graph the related function f(x) = x2 - 6x + 9.
The equation of the axis of symmetry is The equation of the axis of symmetry is
4 6
Example Use a table of values to graph y = x3 + 3x2 - 1. Then use the graph x=-− or -2. The vertex is at (-2, -1). x=− or 3. The vertex is at (3, 0). Graph
2(1) 2(1)
to estimate the locations of the local minimum and local maximum points. the vertex and several other points on either
Graph the vertex and several other points on
side of the axis of symmetry.

Lesson 9-2
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 y either side of the axis of symmetry.
y –1 2 1 –1 2 f(x)
(-2, 2) f(x)

Graph the ordered pairs, and connect them to create a smooth curve.
A4

The “S” shape extends to infinity in the positive y direction and to x

negative infinity in the negative y direction. (0, -1)

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The local minimum is located at (0, –1). The local maximum is O x
O x
located at (–2, 2).

Exercises To solve x2 + 4x + 3 = 0, you need to know To solve x2 - 6x + 9 = 0, you need to know

Use a table of values to graph each equation. Then use the graph to estimate the where the value of f(x) = 0. This occurs at where the value of f(x) = 0. The vertex of the
locations of the local minimum and local maximum points. the x-intercepts, -3 and -1. parabola is the x-intercept. Thus, the only
solution is 3.
The solutions are -3 and -1.
1. y = 0.5x3 + x2 - 1 2. y = -2x3 - 3x2 - 1 3. y = x3 + 3x2 + x - 4
y y y Exercises
Solve each equation by graphing.

0 x 0 x 0 x 1. x2 + 7x + 12 = 0 2. x2 - x - 12 = 0 3. x2 - 4x + 5 = 0
f(x) f(x) f(x)
4

-8 -4 O 4 8x
-4
local maximum: local maximum: local maximum:
Glencoe Algebra 1

(-1.3, -0.4); (0, -1); (-1.8, -1.9); -8

local minimum: local minimum: local minimum: O x -12

O x
(0, 1) (-1, -2) (-0.2, -4.1)
-3, -4 4, -3 no real roots

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 Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 9

NAME DATE PERIOD NAME DATE PERIOD

9-2 Study Guide and Intervention (continued) 9-2 Skills Practice

Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing
Estimate Solutions The roots of a quadratic equation may not be integers. If exact Solve each equation by graphing.
roots cannot be found, they can be estimated by finding the consecutive integers between
which the roots lie. 1. x2 - 2x + 3 = 0 Ø 2. c2 + 6c + 8 = 0 -4, -2
f(x) f (c)
Example Solve x2 + 6x + 6 = 0 by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found,
estimate the roots by stating the consecutive integers between which the roots lie.

Graph the related function f(x) = x2 + 6x + 6.

f(x)
x f(x) Notice that the value of the function changes
O c
-5 1 from negative to positive between the x-values O x
of -5 and -4 and between -2 and -1.
-4 -2
O x
-3 -3 3. a2 - 2a = -1 1 4. n2 - 7n = -10 2, 5

Answers (Lesson 9-2)

-2 -2 f(a) f(n)
-1 1

The x-intercepts of the graph are between -5 and -4 and between -2 and -1.

Lesson 9-2
So one root is between -5 and -4, and the other root is between -2 and -1.
O n
Exercises O a
A5

Solve each equation by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found, estimate the
roots to the nearest tenth. Solve each equation by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found,
estimate the roots to the nearest tenth.

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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. x2 + 7x + 9 = 0 2. x2 - x - 4 = 0 3. x2 - 4x + 6 = 0
f(x)
5. p2 + 4p + 2 = 0 6. x2 + x - 3 = 0
f(x) f(x)
f(p) f (x)

O x
O x
O x

O x O p

-6 < x < -5, -2 < x < -1, no real roots

-2 < x < -1 2<x<3 -3.4, -0.6 -2.3, 1.3
4. x2 - 4x - 1 = 0 5. 4x2 - 12x + 3 = 0 6. x2 - 2x - 4 = 0 7. d2 + 6d = -3 8. h2 + 1 = 4h
f(x) f(x) f(x) f (d ) f (h)

O x O d
O x O x
Glencoe Algebra 1

O h

-1 < x < 0, 0 < x < 1, -2 < x < -1,

4<x<5 2<x<3 3<x<4 -5.5, -0.6 0.3, 3.8
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Answers
Chapter 9

NAME DATE PERIOD NAME DATE PERIOD

9-2 Practice 9-2 Word Problem Practice

Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing
Solve each equation by graphing. 1. FARMING In order for Ray to decide 4. WRAPPING PAPER Can a rectangular
how much fertilizer to apply to his corn piece of wrapping paper with an area of
1. x - 5x + 6 = 0 2, 3
2
2. w + 6w + 9 = 0 -3
2 2
3. b - 3b + 4 = 0 Ø crop this year, he reviews records from 81 square inches have a perimeter of 60
f (x) f(w) f(b) previous years. He finds that his crop inches? (Hint: Let length = 30 – w.)
yield y depends on the amount of Explain. Solving the equation
fertilizer he applies to his fields x (30 - w)w = 81 gives w = 3 or 27.
according to the equation A 3 in. by 27 in. sheet of paper
y = -x2 + 4x + 12. Graph the function, would work.
and find the point at which Ray gets the
O x O w O b highest yield possible. 5. ENGINEERING The shape of a satellite
y dish is often parabolic because of the
16 (2,16)
reflective qualities of parabolas. Suppose
14
Solve each equation by graphing. If integral roots cannot be found, estimate the a particular satellite dish is modeled by
12
roots to the nearest tenth. the following equation.

Answers (Lesson 9-2)

10
8 0.5x2 = 2 + y
4. p2 + 4p = 3 5. 2m2 + 5 = 10m 6. 2v2 + 8v = -7 6
4
f(p) f(m) f (v) 2 a. Approximate the solution by
graphing. -2 and 2

Lesson 9-2
O p O m O 1 2 3 4 5 x

BA
y
4
2. LIGHT Ayzha and Jeremy hold a 3
A6

flashlight so that the light falls on a 2

piece of graph paper in the shape of a 1
O v parabola. Ayzha and Jeremy sketch the O 1 2 3 4x

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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
-4-3-2
shape of the parabola and find that the -2
equation y = x2 - 3x - 10 matches the -3
-4.6, 0.6 0.6, 4.4 -2.7, -1.3 shape of the light beam. Determine the -4
roots of the function. -2 and 5
7. NUMBER THEORY Two numbers have a sum of 2 f(n) b. On the coordinate plane above,
3. FRAMING A rectangular photograph is translate the parabola so that there is
and a product of -8. The quadratic equation
7 inches long and 6 inches wide. The only one root. Label this curve A.
-n2 + 2n + 8 = 0 can be used to determine
photograph is framed using material x
the two numbers.
inches wide. If the area of the frame and See students’ work.
a. Graph the related function f(n) = -n2 + 2n + 8 and photograph combined is 156 square
c. Translate the parabola so that there
inches, what is the width of the framing
determine its x-intercepts. -2, 4 are no roots. Label this curve B.
material? 3 in.
O
See students’ work.
b. What are the two numbers? -2 and 4 n

x
8. DESIGN A footbridge is suspended from a parabolic
1 2 h(x)
support. The function h(x) = - − x + 9 represents 12 7 in. x
25
the height in feet of the support above the walkway,
6
where x = 0 represents the midpoint of the bridge. Photograph 6 in.
Glencoe Algebra 1

-12 -6 O 6 12 x Frame
9. Graph the function and determine its x-intercepts. -15, 15
-6

10. What is the length of the walkway between the two supports? -12
30 ft

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