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    Indian Constitution and Amerian Consti

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    Rushikesh pachpute
    The document compares key differences between the Indian and American constitutions: 1) The Indian federation was not formed by state agreement, while the American federation was. 2) India has one citizenship for both states and the union, while America has dual citizenship at the federal and state levels. 3) Indian MPs are allocated based on state population, while each US state has equal Senate representation. 4) India has no equality principle between states, but America ensures equality between states regardless of population or size.

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    Indian Constitution and Amerian Consti

    Uploaded by

    Rushikesh pachpute
    12 views3 pages
    The document compares key differences between the Indian and American constitutions: 1) The Indian federation was not formed by state agreement, while the American federation was. 2) India has one citizenship for both states and the union, while America has dual citizenship at the federal and state levels. 3) Indian MPs are allocated based on state population, while each US state has equal Senate representation. 4) India has no equality principle between states, but America ensures equality between states regardless of population or size.

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    The document compares key differences between the Indian and American constitutions: 1) The Indian federation was not formed by state agreement, while the American federation was. 2) India has one citizenship for both states and the union, while America has dual citizenship at the federal and state levels. 3) Indian MPs are allocated based on state population, while each US state has equal Senate representation. 4) India has no equality principle between states, but America ensures equality between states regardless of population or size.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Indian Constitution and Amerian Consti

    Uploaded by

    Rushikesh pachpute
    The document compares key differences between the Indian and American constitutions: 1) The Indian federation was not formed by state agreement, while the American federation was. 2) India has one citizenship for both states and the union, while America has dual citizenship at the federal and state levels. 3) Indian MPs are allocated based on state population, while each US state has equal Senate representation. 4) India has no equality principle between states, but America ensures equality between states regardless of population or size.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Indian Constitution.

    1. Indian federation is not the result of an agreement between States.

    2. There is only one citizenship for both the States and Union.

    3. Each State sends M.P.s to the Parliament depending upon the population of
    the State.

    4. There is no principle of quality between the states.

    5. There are three Lists- Union List-(First List); State List (Second List); and
    Concurrent List – (Third List). The Parliament can legislate only the subjects
    of the State List and Concurrent List. The States are not sovereign. The
    Union can encroach upon State’s Lists.

    6. No State can separate from Indian Territory.

    7. The Parliament, i.e. Center has been residuary powers.

    8. There is only one Constitution for Union and States.

    9. India achieved uniformity in basic civil and criminal laws, except personal
    laws in some matters.

    10. The Indian Union is an indestructible Union of destructible States. The


    area, identity of a state can be changed by Parliament. The States can be
    destructible. But the Union can not be changed. The Union is indestructible.

    11. The Central Government has been the power to form a new State, to
    increase the area of any State, to diminish the area of any State; to alter the
    boundaries of any State; to alter the name of any State; and to form a new
    State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more
    States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a partnership the of any
    State(Article 3).

    12. The word “Federal” is not at all used in our Constitution. Simply the
    framers described “Union”.

    13. The Supreme Court has been given very wide powers, including appellate
    (Civil and criminal) jurisdiction.

    14. No referendum is necessary. For the amendment of the Constitution, the


    people need not give their consent. It is sufficient to get the majority of M.P.s
    and in certain cases, the majority of the State legislatures.

    American Constitution
    1. American Federation is the result of an agreement between States.

    2. There are dual citizenships- one Federal Citizenship- another State


    Citizenship.

    3. Each State sends equal number of representatives to the Senate.

    4. There is principle of equality between the States, irrespective of its


    population, extent etc.

    5. There is a clear division of legislative powers among Federal and Units.


    The Union and as well as each Unit is sovereign in its sphere. The Union is
    sovereign in their respective State legislative fields. Strictly one can not
    trench upon the other’s area of power. Each is confined to its own sphere.
    6. The State, if wants, can separate itself with the Federal, being the relation
    is based only the ‘Agreement ’.

    7. The States have residuary powers.

    8. There are two Constitutions-

    9. There are different civil and criminal laws, differing from State to State.

    10. Union is based only the agreement. Any State can separate at any time.
    When the States are separated, there will be no Union at all. Hence, it is
    called that the American Union is an indestructible Union of indestructible
    States.

    11. The American Federal Government has been no such power.

    12. The word “Federal” is used in the Constitution very often, and still now it
    is used very frequently.

    13. The Supreme Court of American has not been given such type of
    appellate jurisdiction.

    14. For the amendment of Federal Constitution, a referendum must be


    conducted. Amendment to the Constitution can be made only with the
    consent of the people.

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