1. You are going to read a text about qualities of a research paper.

Five
sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the sentences A-F
the one that fits each gap (1- 5). There is one extra sentence which you do not
need to use.
WHAT A RESEARCH PAPER IS

A research paper is an entirely new work, one you create, one that can be found on the pages
you have written. It has a number of qualities that reflect you, that make it your special creation.
It synthesizes your discoveries about a topic and your judgment, interpretation, and
evaluation of those discoveries. 1 _____________ But all that collected material would be a
paper without value unless you weighed the discoveries you made and drew conclusions from
them. Because you are very much involved in a research paper, the entire work reflects your own
ideas as much as those of anyone else who has worked on the subject. Selecting information to
use is a personal process. Deciding how to approach this information, developing a point of view
toward it, and, finally, choosing your own words to present it are all highly personal activities. 2
__________.
3 ______________. The paper resulting from your study, evaluation, and synthesis will be
a totally new creation, something YOU originate. True, you will have put many hours of thought
and much effort into a work that takes only a short time to read. But that is the way of any
creative endeavor. Moreover, it's a real art to make the difficult appear easy, not to let an
audience be aware of preparation and practice. 4 ____________.
It acknowledges all sources you have used. So basic is documentation and
acknowledgment to research papers that a series of customs or conventions has developed for
crediting what is borrowed from other people. 5___________. Finding information and making
it available to others, whether in writing, orally, or on film is hard work. Just as you do these
tasks for a research paper, so others have done the same (or similar tasks) for what became your
sources. So although your research paper is a new and original work, it would not have been
possible without the various sources you consulted to prepare it. Acknowledging that debt to
others is only right and fair.

A. It is a work that shows your originality.

B. There is a reason even more compelling than custom for acknowledging your sources: an
ethical one.
C. The discoveries consist mostly of the ideas, knowledge, and actual words of people who
have written, spoken, or made pictures about the field you have investigated. They came from
both print and non-print sources (when possible).
D. If you are satisfied simply to repeat the conclusions of other people without weighing
them against what you have learned, you will perhaps end up producing a satisfactory report of
those findings rather than a research paper.
E. The papers that read most easily are often the result of the most work, and the fact that you
have created an original paper will be evident.
F. Therefore, the resulting research paper will be more your own to the extent that you
involve yourself in these activities.

2. For questions 1-10, read the sentences below and decide which answer
А, В or C best fits each gap.
1. To make a detailed systematic study of something in order to discover new facts
means____________.
A to observe B to research C to explain
 2. The purpose of __________ is to compare two or more different variables to determine if
any predictable relationships exist among them.
A pure research B correlational research C case study

3. Scientific experiment implies conducting empirical tests while identifying and

controlling as many factors as possible that may affect the _________ of the study.
A inference B outcome C significance

4. If you are applying for research funding, you will need to put a great deal of time into the
preparation of research _____________.
A plan B grant C proposal

5. If you are conducting _____________ research you must be willing to change your
direction as a result of new data that appears and new insights that occur to you.
A explanatory B applied C exploratory

6. _________ is a very general conception of the nature of scientific endeavour within

which a given enquiry is undertaken.
A paradigm B method C technology

7. The objective factors which ____________ the choice of research include topicality,
novelty, and urgency of the investigation.
A determine B describe C propose

8. A problem is topical if it meets at least three _____________.

A reasons B requirements C arguments

9. Generally a hypothesis is used to make predictions that can be tested by observing the
outcome of an experiment. If the outcome is ____________ with the hypothesis, then the
hypothesis is rejected.
A consistent B complient C inconsistent

10. Formalized hypotheses contain two variables. One is "independent" and the other is
"dependent." The independent variable is the one the scientist __________.
A controls B measures C observes

3. For questions 1-11 restore the logical order of the stages of research.
Mark your answers on the answer sheet.
1 A studying known facts about the object of research
2 B formulating and clarifying a topic
3 C defining the object of research
4 D choosing adequate methods
5 E moving a hypothesis
6 F setting objectives
7 G collecting experimental data
8 H stating a problem
9 I explaining the results obtained
10 J determining application areas
11 K quantitative and qualitative processing of data
4. Join the sentences on the left below with the correct ones from those on the
right.

1. A moderator is a person a. It can be used to generate and refine research

ideas. It is best undertaken with a group of
people.
2. Brainstorming is a technique b. It contains much of the knowledge used by
experts in a specific field and is designed to assist
non-experts in problem solving.
3. An internal researcher is a c. He conducts research within an organization
person for which he works.
4. An expert system is a d. It shows how research should be undertaken,
computer-based system including theoretical and philosophical
assumptions upon which research is based.
5. An explanatory study is e. There students study for degrees and academic
research research is done.
6. Methodology is a theory f. It allows the presenter to design overhead slides
using texts, pictures, photographs etc., which lend
a professional appearance.
7. PowerPoint is a Microsoft g. It is undertaken for Master or Doctor of
computer package Philosophy (PhD) degrees, written for an
academic audience.
8. A thesis is a research project h. He is in charge of a discussion, meeting etc
between people with different opinions.
9. University is an educational i. It focuses on studying a situation or a problem
institution in order to explain the relationships between
variables.

5. Find Russian equivalents of the English words.

1. precise a. настоятельность, крайняя необходимость

2. clarify b. беспорядочный, грязный
3. review c. очищать, рафинировать, усовершенствовать
4. straightforward d. опыт, квалификация, мастерство
5. messy e. связанный, сопутствующий, объединенный
6. depict f. пролить свет на, выяснить, сделать ясным
7. outline g. очертить, обрисовать в общих чертах
8. reflect on h. неясный, неопределенный, нечеткий
9. associated i. описывать, изображать, рисовать
10. tentative j. прямой, простой
11. refine k. обозревать, рецензировать, пересматривать
12. specify l. правдоподобный, приемлемый, вероятный
13. anticipate m. точно определять, устанавливать, уточнять
14. hourglass n. способность, склонность к чему-либо
15. urgency o. разрабатывать, обдумывать, конкретизировать
16. expertise p. подлежащий
17. aptitude q. предвидеть, предугадывать
18. vague r. размышлять, раздумывать
19. elaborate s. предварительный, первоначальный
20. subject to t. точный
21. plausible u. песочные часы

6. Match the words which are very close in their meaning.

1. to clarify to attain
2. to reject understanding
3. to verify wording
4. to achieve to explain, elucidate
5. convincing ability
6. insight to research
7. formulation to check, prove
8. to set up to refuse
9. aptitude forceful
10. to inquire into j. to advance

7. Match the words having the opposite meaning.

1. to clarify a. synthesis
2. to contrast b. eventual
3. initial c. excellent
4. strength d. to compare
5. poor e. out-of-date
6. sensible f. to degenerate
7. up-to-date g. unreasonable
8. to generate h. to obscure
9. analysis i. weakness