SUG559

ADVANCED CADASTRAL
SURVEYING
1. Overview
2. Conventional vs e-Cadastral Systems
3. Cadastral Components
4. E-cadastral Implementation
5. E-Cadastral Applications Modules
6. Benefits
 Cadastral System in Malaysia to support Land Registration
System “Torrent-system”
 Development in cadastral systems
 1969 -
 1985 (Computer Aided Land Survey) CALS Johor
 1990 CALS Pahang
 1995 Mini-CALS other states
 1997 Sistem Pengurusan Data Kadaster (SPDK)
 1998 Field-to-Finish (F2F)
 2001 Upgrade SPDK
 2007 Coordinated Cadastral Infrastructure (CCI)
/Coordinated Cadastral System (CCS)
 2008 e-Cadastral System
  Conventional cadastre vs eCadastral based
on

• Coordinate system
• Origin(projection)
• Database
• Input to Database
• GIS Ready
• Survey methods
• Field Data
• Accuracy
• Instrumentation
• Adjustment
• Procedures & Regulations
• ase
 Year 1969 – 2007 ( Convensional Cadastral )
 Year 2007 onward ( eCadastral)
Development of DCDB
• Year 1985 to 2007

Development of NDCDB
• 2008 onwards
2. CONVENTIONAL CADASTRAL vs eCADASTRAL

DCDB vs NDCDB
 Background of DCDB

 Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) contains

all information obtained from cadastral survey
jobs related to boundaries of land parcels.
 The existing DCDB, which covers the entire
country, was developed from historical survey
data (conversion from hardcopy Certified
Plans to digital) as well as from current
survey jobs.
 Coordinates in the DCDB were obtained from
several means and contain varying,
unpredictable, and un-quantified errors.
Background of DCDB……

 Uncertainties of surveyed values are

typical, but errors are more common in
some rural areas.
 To be able to support a modern cadastral
system, an accurate positional record of
the cadastre is imperative. The existing
DCDB was not designed for this
purpose.
Background of DCDB……

ERROR PROPAGATION
Error propagation on coordinates in digital cadastral database

2nd Class 1:4,000 Cadastral Survey

N ± 50 cm
E ± 50 cm

2 km

HOW ACCURATE (N,E) AT

THIS BOUNDARY POINT IN THE
PRESENT DCDB?
Background of DCDB……

Graphical Coordinate Error

Results in non-uniqueness of coordinates of the
same boundary point
 Background of DCDB……

OLD AND NEW GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE:

GEODETIC TRIANGULATION GPS BASED REFERENCE SYSTEM
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

6.50
G058
G071
G028
G035 G023
G029

G047
G031
G030
6.00 G057
G040 G054
G044
G003
G025 G032
G033
G077

G042

G059
G027 G069
5.50 G076
G019
G021 G013
G050
G017
G063 G048
G026
G060

G072 G016
G053 G008

G022
5.00
G024

G034
G067
G037 G005

4.50

G004

4.00
G041 G007

G001 G075
G074
G070
G061

3.50 G073
G009
G036

G011
G015

3.00 G052
G055G065
G068 G038 G039
G020

G066 G012

G010
2.50
G051

G046

G014
2.00
G049

G002

G062
G043
1.50 G084 G045
G056
P075
G018
G064

P4

1.00
99.00 99.50 100.00 100.50 101.00 101.50 102.00 102.50 103.00 103.50 104.00
 Background of DCDB……
Non Rigorous Adjustment Technique for
Coordinates Computation

Bowditch Least Squares

GPS

GPS

Least Squares adjustment

Bowditch adjustment distributes
technique determine a unique set
closing errors linearly but not
of coordinates for each boundary
able to provide a unique
mark from a set of observed
coordinates solution.
values (bearings & distances).
 eCADASTRAL

eCadastral is a system that utilize ICT technology, GIS and

current surveying is aim to expedite and to stabilize in
delivery of cadaster survey system through effective
integration system. It involving reshuffle from conventional
measurement works process Bowditch and Transit to
Survey Accurate Coordinate through “Least Square
Adjustment” and established National Digital Cadastre
Database(NDCDB) and Strata Survey Data Base / Stratum /
Marine (PDUSSM).
„A coordinated cadastre exists where
each parcel corner is uniquely
described by only one pair of
coordinates, and legislation
establishes these coordinates as
conclusive evidence of the position
of the parcel corner‟
 ADVANTAGES OF NDCDB
• NDCDB data are seamless (entire peninsular)
• homogeneous
GPS derived coordinates
Reference to GDM2000
• Survey accurate coordinates
 ± 5cm in urban & developed area
 ± 10cm in semi-urban & rural area
• Compatible with GIS systems and GPS/MyRTKnet
• NDCDB graphic coordinate same with attribut
coordinate
• NDCDB in GIS development “MULTI-PURPOSE
CADASTRE”
 Aspects Conventional E-Cadastral
Coordinate System Cassine (State) Cassini (Geocentric)
Origin States GDM2000 / Kertau
Database Name DCDB (PDUK) NDCDB
Input to Database Bearing/distance coordinates
GIS Ready NO Yes
Survey methods traversing GNSS, traverse,
radiations etc.
Field Data Bearing/distance Coordinates
Accuracy 1st, 2nd, 3rd Survey Accurate(1st)
Instrumentation TS / EDM GNSS, TS,EDM etc
Adjustment Bowditch Least Square
Procedures & Regulations PUK2002 PUK2009
SAMPLE OF NDCDB
 Cadastral system can be divided into four
(4) main components;
 Record Systems
 Field work
 Data validation/checking
 Database maintenance
1) Objectives
2) Implementation strategy
3 ) Project components
 OBJECTIVE

Expedite the delivery system for land title survey;

Creation of the National Digital Cadastral
Database (NDCDB);
Creation of the Strata/Stratum/Marine Database;
Provide infrastructure and GIS-ready information;
and
Embark on GNSS satellite technology (GPS) in
cadastral survey.
–To expedite the delivery system for land title survey, the strategy taken consists of the
following:
 Change the existing survey procedure;
 Embark on the latest ICT approach in the cadastral survey;
 Strengthen the existing survey regulation and ruling;
 Integration with land related systems of Land Offices’ eTANAH, Licensed Land
Surveyor Board’s eLJT and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment’s
MyGDI.
–To create the National Digital Cadastral Database (NDCDB), the strategy taken consists of
the following:
 Continuous from the successful implementation of the Melaka’s NDCDB;
 A homogeneous and seamless database with survey accurate coordinate;
 Embark on the national GDM2000 datum;
 Integration with mapping databases and satellite imagery;
 Creation of Cadastral Control Infrastructure (CCI);
 Support the implementation of utility mapping.
–To provide infrastructure and GIS-ready information, the strategy taken consists of the
following:
 NDCDB will fully GIS-ready;
 Create additional layer in the GIS Layer Management System (eGLMS);
 Support the creation of multipurpose cadastre.
–To embark on satellite technology (GPS) in cadastral survey, the strategy taken consists of
the following:
 The use of GPS in field data capturing;
 The utilization of MyRTKnet;
 Deploy real-time data processing.
• Improve current survey procedures /
regulations
• Utilizing GNSS technology & MyRTKNet
• Establishing homogeneous database with
survey accurate coordinates
• Integrating with mapping and satellite imagery
databases
• Integrating with e-Tanah, e-LJT and Jupem
Geoportal
• Establishing NDCDB (GIS-ready) + eGLMS
layers
• Support utility mapping and multi-purpose
cadastre
 Cont….

• Coordinated Cadastral System (CCS)

/Cadastral Coordinate Infrastructure (CCI) -
NDCDB

• Virtual Survey System (SUM)

• Cadastral Data Integrity System (SKDK)

 DEVELOPMENT OF NDCDB
FOR eCadastral

• Cadastral Coordinate System(CCS) and

Coordinated Cadastral Infrastructure (CCI)
• Re-population of State DCDB
• Migration of ‘adjusted DCDB’
• Stabilization of NDCDB(Integration)
COORDINATED CADASTRAL INFRASTRUCTURE
(CCI)

• CCI project (Oct 2007 - Aug 2008)

• To provide GPS networks at every 500m grid
intervals
• CCI Reference marks were established
• GPS Observations on CCI marks
• Connection (tie-up) to existing boundary
marks
 NDCDB
CADASTRAL CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURE (CCI) EMPLOYING
WHOLE TO THE PART CONCEPT AND GPS TECHNOLOGY

Primary Grid
Secondary Grid
 RE-POPULATION OF STATE DCDB

• Data from CCI project have been used in

‘refinery’ process of DCDB
• The coordinates of boundary marks in the
State DCDB are being ‘re-populated’ and
CCI layers were generated
• migrate to NDCDB
ESTABLISHED CCI POINTS
Number of CCI
No. State
Points

1. Kedah & Perlis 1897

2. Perak 3941
3. Pulau Pinang 934
Wilayah
4. Persekutuan 1071
KL/Putra Jaya
5. Selangor 4324
6. N. Sembilan 1608
7. Johor 4221
8. Pahang 3145
9. Terengganu 1810
10. Kelantan 1694
Total 24999
CCI BLOCKS
SAMPLE OF CCI LAYER
SAMPLE OF CCI RECOORDINATION
 METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NDCDB
[2000 – 2002]

Specifications for Control Network Densification

AREA PRIMARY GRID SECONDARY GRID

URBAN 2.5 km x 2.5 km 0.5 km X 0.5 km

SEMI-URBAN 10 km X 10 km 2.5 km X 2.5 km

RURAL 10 km X 10 km 2.5 km X 2.5 km CADASTRAL CONTROL Tertiary : 5, 2.5, 0.5

INFRASTRUCTURE CCI Spacing
Connected to Connected to
PGGN Primary Grid
PRIMARY GEODETIC First Order: 238
Obsern: GPS NETWORK PGGN stations
Obsern: static Rapid Static.
MALAYSIAN
Period 1 – 1.5 hr Observation Period: Zero Order: 8
ACTIVE GPS MASS
15 – 30 min Stations
STATIONS
Baseline Relative Baseline Relative
Accuracy less then Accuracy Less than
3ppm 3ppm
Coordinates Diff. Coordinate Diff Control Network Hierarchy
From 2 Bases Stn. From 2 Bases stn Less
Less than 2 cm Than 3 cm
 ELEMENTS OF CCS FOR PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

GPS Compatible
GDM2000 Contains a Complete
Easy integration of Cadastral Map
Datasets
Layered of Data
Cadastral Control Content
Infrastructure (CCI) NDCDB
Control Based on Has a Unique Parcel
Highest Geodetic Identifier
Order
Design According to
Control Network of Cadastral Survey Appropriate Data
Adequate Density COORDINATES Modeling Technique
Practice

Legal (Contributory) Evidence of

Use Least Square Adjustment Technique
Boundaries
Employ “ Whole-to-Part” Concept
Unique Single Set of Survey Accurate
Coordinates

CCS IMPLEMENTATION IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

 Cadastral Data Integrity System

The cadastral data integrity system comparises

of all the office application
Cadastral Data Integrity System
 5. Ecadastral APPLICATION MODULES
ePU DRP
Desktop • ePU • ePA, ePA(B)
JUPEM2U eGLMS • ePA(S),
Web • eLodgement
GIS • eJalan • ePA(W), eB1
• eKadasOnLine • eTownKg • eB4, ePA(M)
GIS CSRS
• eAdminBdy • ePetakadas
• eHidrografi Field eTSM
• eTSM
• eSIM
• eBangunan eFEE
• eWarta • eFee eCRM
• eBorang eSPID
• • eCRM
• Ecadasonline eGrid
• eKiosk eSSM
• eReporting NDCDB • eSSM
• eMonitoring
SUM Database PDUSSM
eNotification
• SUM LSA • eNotification
GLMS

Non GIS
Strata eMedmAS ePKI SPEK
• PKI eSigning
GIS •eMedmas
• PKI eVerifier eSPEK
eSupport • PKI 2D Barcode
• eAnotation • eSPEK
Strata • eSupport
• Strata
SPAK eQC
eReporting • SPAK
•Strata Data Entry • eQC
LS • eReporting • Kalibrasi EDM/GPS

SPPK Security
• SPPK • Watchguard
• Fortigate
6.0 eCADASTRAL SYSTEMS - Benefits

1. Land administration
2. Seamless database
3. Homogeneous data (mapping and title)
4. Survey accurate coordinates
5. Improve basemap
6. Support construction works/decision
making