Mathematics

Quarter 3 - Module 4
Using a Compass and Straightedge
to Bisect Line Segments and Angles
and Construct Perpendiculars
and Parallels
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: Using a Compass and Straightedge to Bisect Line Segments
and Angles and Construct Perpendicular and Parallels
First Edition, 2021

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Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 4
Using a Compass and Straightedge
to Bisect Line Segments and Angles
and Construct Perpendiculars
and Parallels
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about using a
compass and straightedge to bisect line segments and angles. It will also help
you in constructing perpendiculars and parallels.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• use compass and straightedge to bisect line segments and angles;
• construct perpendiculars, parallels, congruent segments, and angles with
the help of a compass and a straightedge; and
• draw an image according to the given lengths and directions.

What I Know

Directions: Read the following questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is a ray that goes through the vertex and interior of the angle which divides the
angle into two angles of equal measures?
a. angles c. midpoint of a line
b. bisector of an angle d. vertex
2. Which of the following is the point that divides the line segment into two equal parts?
a. arc c. midpoint of a line
b. line segment d. perpendicular bisector
3. What is the line perpendicular to the line segment at its midpoint called?
a. angles c. line segment
b. bisector d. perpendicular bisector

4. Which is a tool/instrument used for constructing circle, arcs and used for measuring distances?
a. compass c. straightedge
b. protractor d. tape measure

5. What is the tool used for drawing straight lines or checking the straightness of an object
or shape?
a. compass c. straightedge
b. protractor d. tape measure

6. Which of the following is an example of a line?

E
a. b. G H c. I J d. K L
F D

7. Which of the following is an example of an angle?

B
a. b. c. d.
A B A B A B
A C

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8. Which of the following segments is congruent to segment ?
A B
E

a. b. c. H d.
C D F G I J

20
9. What angle is congruent to angle A
?

a. b. 90 c. d. 110
60 20
B C D E

Q
Y
10. Which of the following rays is the bisector of MNQ? N
M

a. NQ b. NY c. NM d. QM

For numbers 11-14, use Figure A and for number 15, use Figure b.
P
L
A
q
n
P S R Q T B
M x

Figure A Figure B

11. What is the midpoint of the line segment given in this figure?
a. point P b. point S c. point R d. point Q
12. What is the line perpendicular to line n?
a. PT b. PQ c. LM d. ST
13. Which of the following points is the midpoint of line PT?
a. point P b. point R c. point S d. point T

14. What is the measure of LRT?

a. 45 b. 90 c. 180 d. 360

15. What is the line parallel to line q?

a. line p b. AQ c. line x d. AB

What’s In
Directions: Using your protractor, find the measurements of the given angles in the illustration
below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

I H
A 1. ICD = ____
B E 2. IAE = ____
3. HBE = ____
C D 4. HCD = ____
J 5. JCH = ____

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 What’s New

Counter Strike, League of Legends,

Call of Duty, Mobile Legends, Candy Crush.
Do they ring a bell? Are you familiar
with any of them? It will be unbelievable if you
will say that you are not familiar with even one
of them. Those mentioned above are the most
popular video games being played no matter
what your age and gender may be. Have you
ever paused and appreciated the way these
games were made? How do their characters
and landscapes contribute to how much you
enjoy playing with them?
Their visual appeal is mostly thanks to
the application of geometry to make the virtual
world look as realistic and inviting as possible.
In addition to helping the virtual world,
geometry is widely used in the real world in different fields such as architecture, medicine,
biology, physical sciences, and so many more. With so many uses, no one can deny it’s
importance to everyone.
In this module, you will be introduced to one of the basics in geometric construction
and that is the use of compass and straightedge. These two tools seem simple yet they are
the fundamental tools with which tall buildings, strong bridges, and even astronauts going to
space are all made possible. The following activity will introduce you to some important
terms that will help you to understand the lesson more.

Activity 1: Unscramble Me
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to discover some important terms in this lesson.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This is a point on the line segment that divides it into two equal parts.
A B O I N T P I M D

B 2. A line segment or ray that divides a segment or angle into equal parts.
D
R O T I B S E C
A C

3. These are two lines that will never meet at any point.
A A R L L P L E

4. This is a part of a circle which is less than the entire circle.

C R A

5. These are angles with exactly the same measure.

T U E C G O N R N

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 What is It

Using a Compass and Straightedge to

Bisect Line Segments and Angles and
Construct Perpendiculars and Parallels
“The compass and straightedge are more important in constructing geometric structures
than other drawing tools such as rulers and protractors.“ (Erduran 2010).
With the use of compass and straightedge, you can perform basic
constructions in geometry. A compass is a drawing instrument used for
drawing circles and arcs. It has two legs, one with a point and the other
with a pencil or lead. You can use a compass to draw/construct an arc or compass

a circle, given that the center point and the radius of the circle are stated.
On the other hand, a straightedge is a tool used for drawing straight lines,
or checking their straightness. If it has equally spaced markings along its
length, it is usually called a ruler. You can use a straightedge to construct
straightedge
a line, ray or segment when two points are given.
Do you want to see the compass and straightedge in action? Let’s see how they are used in
constructing different geometric figures.
Construction 1: Construct a segment congruent to a given segment
Given: Line segment XY Y
X
Steps: 1. Use the straightedge to draw a line and draw a point on the line and
name it as point M.
2. Set the compass’ opening that matches the length of XY.
3. Use the compass’ opening in step 2 and put it on the line containing
point M with the same distance of XY. Draw a point on the other end
and name it point N.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Construction 2: Construct an angle congruent to the given angle

Z
Given: X
Y
X
Steps: 1. Using a straightedge, draw a ray with endpoint M.
2. Going back to the given, draw an arc (an arc is a part of a circle) with
center X and passing the sides of X at points Y and Z respectively.

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 3. Now go back to ray M. Draw a similar arc using center M with length
similar to XY and name the point of intersection of ray M as point N.
4. Go back to the given and set the compass’ opening to the length of YZ.
5. Using N as center and YZ as radius, assign the point where the pencil
points as point P. Then, draw an arc from N to P.
6. Draw a ray MP to complete M congruent to X.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Step 4 Step 5 Step 6

Construction 3: Construct the bisector of a given angle

- The bisector of an angle is the ray through the vertex and the interior of
the given angle which divides it into two angles with equal measures.

Given: X
X
Steps: 1. Place points Y and Z on both sides of X respectively where XY = XZ
and draw an arc between points Y and Z with center X .
2. Using Z as the center and any radius (r), draw an arc of a circle in the
interior of X. See to it that the arc is more than half the length of YZ.
3. Using Y as the center and with the same radius in step 2, draw an
arc of a circle intersecting the first arc in step 2 and name the point of
intersection as point W.
4. Draw a XW which is the bisector of YXZ.

Step 1 Step 2 & 3 Step 4

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Construction 4: Construct the midpoint of a line segment

Given: Line segment AC

A C

Steps: 1. Locate the endpoint of the compass to point A and the other endpoint
to any radius (r) which is more than half of AC.
2. Create an arc passing through any radius in step 1.
3. Do the same process in step 1 and 2 but this time use point C as the
center of the circle and name the point of intersection of the two arcs
as point D and E respectively.
4. Use a straightedge to create a segment connecting point D and E.
5. Name the point of intersection of AC and DE as point B. and point B is
the midpoint of AC.

Steps 1 and 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Construction 5: Construct the midpoint and perpendicular bisector of a segment

- The midpoint of a line segment is the point on the line segment that divides
the segment into two equal parts.
- The perpendicular bisector of a line segment is the line perpendicular to
the line segment and the midpoint of the segment.

Given: Line segment XY

X Y

Steps: 1. Locate point Z as the midpoint of line segment XY so that XZ = ZY.

2. Using center X and any radius (r) which is more than half of XY, draw
two arcs on the upper and lower part of XY.
3. Using center Y and the same radius in step 2, draw two arcs crossing
the two previously drawn arcs and name the point of intersection of
the arcs as point M and N.
4. Draw a line passing through M, the midpoint Z and point N. Name the line
as MN which is the perpendicular bisector of XY.

Steps 1 and 2 Step 3 Step 4

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Construction 6: Construct a perpendicular bisector of the given line through a given point
on the line

q
Given: Line q and point M on q
M

Steps: 1. Using center M and any radius (r), locate two points A and B on the
circle which are on line q where AM = MB.
2. Draw a line perpendicular to line q crossing through point M and
name it as line p.

Note: Since AM and MB are equal, M is the midpoint of

AB and line p is the perpendicular bisector of line q.

Step 1 Step 2

Construction 7: Construct the perpendicular bisector of the given line through a given
point not on the line
N
Line t and point N
Given:
which is not on t
t
Steps: 1. Using N as center, draw arcs of the circle using any radius which
crosses line t and mark the point of intersections of the arcs as point
A and B.
2. Draw a line using point N intersecting line t and name the point of
intersection as point M which is the midpoint of AB.

Note: Since AM = MB, so line N is the perpendicular

bisector of AB.

t t

Step 1 Step 2

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Construction 8: Construct a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line

N
Line k and point N
Given:
which is not on k
k
Steps: 1. From point N, draw a perpendicular line t to line k.
2. Through N, draw the perpendicular line s to line t.

Note: Since that the two corresponding angles are equal

(both angles are right angles which measures 90°), then
the two lines (line k and line s) are parallel.

k k

Step 1 Step 2

What’s More
Independent Activity 1
Directions: Match the figures in Column A to their corresponding name in Column B. Write the
letter of your answer on another sheet of paper.

A B
C
1. a. bisector of an angle
A B
b. midpoint
B
D c. parallel lines
2.
A C
d. perpendicular bisector
e. congruent angles

3.
A B
n

4. o

r
p
5.
q

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Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Write the word “TRUE” if the statement is correct and “FALSE” if it is not. Write
your answers on another sheet of paper.
1. In construction no. 1, you only need a straightedge to draw the congruent segments.
2. Angles are said to be congruent if they have the same vertex.
3. Point C is the midpoint of AD if AC = CD.
4. A line segment which intersects another line perpendicularly and divides it into two equal
parts is the perpendicular bisector of the given line.
5. Two lines that will never meet are parallel lines.

Independent Activity 2
Directions: Using Constructions1 and 2, draw the segment or angle congruent to the following
illustrations. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

1. C D 4.

I
C
2.

J H 5. L

3. K
E F

Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Using a straightedge and compass, draw the bisector of the following angles by
following the steps in Construction 3. Make sure that you label the line segment
you draw as the bisector. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

T
1. 2. 3. F
C

R S
D
E
A B

X
4. 5.

Y W M L

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Independent Activity 3
Directions: With the help of a compass and a straightedge, construct a perpendicular bisector
as to the following given as stated in Constructions 6 and 7. Write your answers
on another sheet of paper.
A. Perpendicular bisector through a given point on a line
h
1.
3. C

2.

B. Perpendicular bisector through a given point not on a line

4. 5.

Independent Assessment 3
Directions: Determine the construction that was applied to the figures on the left to achieve
the figures on the right side. Once you know which construction was used, refer to
the table on the next page for their equivalent letters. A hidden message will be
revealed to you. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

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 Construction 1
(Construct a segment congruent to a given segment)
- A
Construction 2
(Construct an angle congruent to the given angle)
- E
Construction 3
(Construct the bisector of a given angle)
- O
Construction 4
(Construct the midpoint of a line segment)
- R
Construction 5
(Construct the midpoint and perpendicular bisector of a segment)
- S
Construction 6
(Construct a perpendicular bisector of the given line - T
through a given point on the line)
Construction 7
(Construct the perpendicular bisector of the given line - U
through a given point not on the line)
Construction 8
(Construct a line parallel to a given line through a point not on the line) - Y

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

What I Have Learned

Reflect on the following two questions to measure what you have learned up
until this point. Write your answers on another sheet of paper.

In this module, I have learned that learning to use

compass and straightedge is important because _________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

With all that I have learned, I can say that

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Using the image below, recreate it by using your compass and straightedge and
applying the eight constructions you have just learned. Detail the step-by-step
process you did by labeling it according to the construction number you used.
The first two instructions are given as your guide only. Remember that your final
output should be an exact copy, in terms of size, of the given image. You are not
limited to the number of steps you wish to do as long as the image is complete.
You may use oslo paper or bond paper for this activity. Refer to the rubrics given
as to how your work is to be graded.

A B

1. Get the length of segment AB. 2. Locate the midpoint of segment AB and
name it C to serve as your midpoint.

C
Construction 1 Construction 4

Criteria Equivalent Points

10 8 5 3
Completeness (Used all 8 basic (Used 6-7 basic (Used 4-5 basic (Used 1-3 basic
constructions) constructions) constructions) constructions)
10 8 5 3
(All lines and (1-3 lines/angles (4-6 lines/angles (7 or more lines/
Accuracy angles are exactly are not congruent are not congruent angles are not
like the given with the given with the given congruent with the
image) image) image) given image)

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 Assessment

Directions: Prepare your compass and straightedge for this assessment. Read the following
questions and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following tools is used to measure the straightness of a line?
a. tape measure c. straightedge
b. compass d. protractor
2. Which tools must be used to construct congruent angles?
a. protractor and ruler c. compass and protractor
b. straightedge and compass d. straightedge and protractor
3. Which of the following figures is congruent to the given figure that when added together
will form a rectangle?

D
a. c.
D

b. D d.

4. Which of the following angles is congruent to ?

a. c.

E
G

b. d.

5. Which of the following points is the midpoint of line m?

m

N X Q P R

a. point N c. point Q
b. point X d. point P

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For numbers 6-15, refer to Figure A to answer the questions.

Figure A

6. Which of the following points is the midpoint of AC?

a. point E b. point D c. point F d. point C
7. Which of the following line segments is perpendicular to EF?
a. BD b. FH c. EG d. GH
8. What line segment is parallel to GH?
a. AE b. ED c. EF d. FC
9. What is the angle congruent to BAD?
a. BCD b. BDF c. BDE d. AEG
10. Which of the following line segments is parallel to EG?
a. IK b. JL c. FH d. KL
11. What is the segment congruent to AD?
a. DF b. FC c. DC d. EC
12. Which of the following line segments is the bisector of IKL?
a. KJ b. IL c. KL d. IJ
13. Which of the following angles is congruent to JLK?
a. JIK b. JKL c. KIL d. EGH
14. What is the segment congruent to JL?
a. IK b. GK c. LH d. FC
15. Which segment is the bisector of IJL?
a. GK b. KJ c. IL d. LH

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 Additional Activities

Directions: Create your own image using the 8 basic constructions. Use a bondpaper or
oslo paper for your drawing and color the image to make it more attractive.
Make sure that all points and angles are labeled. Refer to the table below for
the scoring rubrics.

Criteria Equivalent Points

10 8 5 3
Completeness (Used all 8 basic (Used 6-7 basic (Used 4-5 basic (Used 1-3 basic
constructions) constructions) constructions) constructions)

10 8 5 3
(1-3 points are not (4-6 points are not (7 or more points
(All points are
properly labeled, properly labeled, properly labeled, are not properly
1-3 misaligned or 4-6 misaligned or labeled,
no misaligned or
Accuracy unequal bisected unequal bisected 7 or more bisected
unequal bisected
angles or angles or angles or segments
angle or segment)
segments) segments) are misaligned or
unequal)

10 8 5

Artistry (Drawing is (Drawing is (Drawing is not finished and

finished and finished but not colored)
colored) not colored)

15
 16
1. 4.
2.
5.
3.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Answer Key
 References

Armas, Angelo P., Elizabeth R. Aseron, Allan M. Canonigo, Jasmin T. Dullete, Flordeliza F.
Francisco, PhD, Ian June L. Garces, PhD, Eugenia V. Guerra, Phoebe V. Guerra,
Almira D. Lacsina, Rhett Anthony C. Latonio, Lambert G. Quesada, Ma. Christy R.
Reyes, Rechilda P. Villame, Debbie Marie B. Verzosa, PhD, Catherine P. Vistro-Yu,
PhD. Mathematics Module Grade 7, First Edition. Vistro-Yu, Catherine P. Pasig
City: DepEd – IMCS. 2013

Erduran, Ayten. “The Use of a Compass and Straightedge to Construct Geometric Structures”.
(2010). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255633043_The_Use_of_a_Compass
_and_Straightedge_to_Construct_Geometric_Structures#:~:text=The20compass%
20and%20straightedge%20is,become%20a%20problem%20for%20students.

Rod Pierce DipCE BEng. MathsIsFun.com. January 12, 2021. https://www.mathsisfun.com/

algebra/line-midpoint.html

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: [email protected]

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