Science Grade 12

Quarter 4, Week 5 - Module 6

Prepared by: Alvin S. Regasajo

MSciEd - Physics Student
 Table of Contents

About this Module i

What’s the Goal i

How to Accomplish the Goal ii

Icons of this Module ii

What I Know iv

Lesson: Ohm's Law

What I need to know 1
Let’s Review 1
Warm-up 2
Learn about it 3
Let’s practice 5
What I have learned 8
Let’s create 9

Summary 9
Assessment (Post-Test)
10
Key to Answers
11
Appendices
11
References
12

“Faith is like electricity. You can’t see it, but you can see the light.”
- Gregory Dickow
About this Module

You have learned in your previous lesson about the concept of current,
resistance, and electromotive force (emf). Every day, we see electric current being
used in a variety of electrical equipment, including light bulbs, hairdryers,
cellphones, Televisions (TV), electric heaters, and other electronic equipment.
Electric current exists in conductors like wires, semiconductors, and even human
cells. Another concept you have learned was resistance, it is the ability of a material
to resist the flow of electrons. Lastly, you have also learned the electromotive force
which is the energy per unit electric charge imparted by an energy source, such as
an electric generator or a battery.

In this lesson, we'll apply what you have learned about the current (I), voltage
(V), and resistance (R) from prior classes to completely comprehend the concept,
mathematics, and applications of Ohm's law.

What’s the Goal

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Use the relationship R = V/I to solve problems.

2. Solve problems involving current, resistivity, resistance, and Ohm’s law in
contexts such as, but not limited to, batteries and bulbs, household wiring,
selection of fuses, and accumulation of surface charge in the junction between
wires made of different materials.
 i
How to Accomplish the Goal

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

1. Take your time reading through the lessons.

2. In doing the tasks and exercises, pay close attention to the directions
and/or instructions.
3. Complete all of the tests and exercises provided.

Icons of this Module

What I know This is a pre-assessment to assess students'

knowledge, skills, and dispositions prior to
instruction.

What I need to Know This is the objective of the lesson which gives
clarity to what the students are expected to
accomplish by the end of the lesson.

Let’s Review! This part connects to previous lessons by

reviewing the points previously taught or
learned.
 Warm-Up! This part is a short activity given before
presenting the new lesson.

Learn about it! This pertains to the introduction of the lesson

which provokes interest and motivation in the
students.

Let’s Practice! These are follow-up activities designed to give

the students more practice in order to master
the competencies.

What I Have Learned This is an assessment either in the form of a

quiz or activity designed to help the student’s
process what they have learned in the lesson.

Let’s Create! These are performance tasks designed to

demonstrate the students’ acquired skills and
knowledge as they are applied to real-life
concerns and situations.

What I Know
Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

iii
1. Ohm’s Law states that current equal’s
voltage divided by 8. Which of the following statements about
a. Inductance Ohm's Law is correct?
b. Resistance a. When resistance increases in a circuit
c. Capacitance with a specific potential difference
d. Power then current must also increase
b. An electrical conductor's resistance
2. Which equation would you use to calculate depends on the potential difference it
voltage? experiences
a. V = I/R c. If resistance is kept constant, potential
b. V = PR difference changes directly with
c. V = IR changes in current
d. V = R/I d. Increasing the resistance in a circuit
always decreases the potential
3. If the current in an electrical circuit is difference across
constant, what will happen to the voltage if
the resistance is increased? 9. An aluminum wire moved a charge of
magnitude 425.5 C in 2.5 hours. What is
a. The voltage will decrease the resistance if the potential difference is
b. The voltage will stay the same 60.0 V?
c. The voltage will increase a. 12 K Ω
d. The voltage will be doubled b. 1.2 K Ω
c. 9 K Ω
4. What is the current if 15 volts are applied d. 0.9 K Ω
across a 3-ohm resistor?
10. A voltage of 4.50 V is applied between
a. 45 amps the terminals of a wire with the following
b. 5 amps dimensions: l – 20.5 cm and r – 0.250 mm.
c. 0.2 amps As a result, the current generated is 15.5
d. 15 amps A. What us the resistivity of the wire?

5. What is the resistance of an electrical a. 2.67 x 10-6 Ωm

circuit if 60 volts and 5 amps are applied to b. 3.0 x 10-6 Ωm
it? c. 2.77 x 10-7 Ωm
a. 12 ohms d. 3.0 x 10-7 Ωm
b. 300 ohms
c. 0.83 ohms
d. 10 ohms

6. What will the voltage across a 5 Ohm

resistor be if 11 Amps are passed through
it?
a. 0.45 volts c. 55 volts
b. 5 volts d. 5.5 volts

7. What happens to the current if the

voltage across a resistor is increased?
a. The current will decrease
b. The current will stay the same
c. The current will be doubled
d. The current will increase
iv
Lesson: Ohm's Law

Trivia:

Georg Simon Ohm, a Bavarian scientist, discovered the most useful

relationship between voltage, resistance, and current in 1827. His findings
were published in a paper titled Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch
bearbeitet, or "The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically."

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you will be able to:

1. Define Ohm’s law.
2. Determine the voltage, resistance, and current relationships.
3. Solve problems involving voltage, resistance, and current.

Let’s Review

Let us check what you have learned from the terminologies in previous
modules. Fill in the empty boxes to complete the word.

1
Down: There is just one source of voltage
1. It is the SI unit for voltage. (the battery on the left) and only one
2. The measure of the resistance
source of current resistance in the
of a specific material for a given
dimension. Its SI unit is Ω•m or circuit above (the lamp, on the right).
ohm-meters. What do you think is the reason why
4. The opposition of a material to
the electric lamp glows?
the flow of charges.
6. The net charge flows through an
area per unit time.
______________________________
7. It is the SI unit of electric
current. ______________________________
9. It is the SI unit of resistance. ______________________________
______________________________
Across:
______________________________
3. The flow of electrical power or
charge. ______________________________
5. The pressure from an electrical __________________
circuit's power source that
pushes charged electrons
(current) through a conducting
loop.
Learn About It
8. The tendency of current to travel 2
from lower to higher potential
is caused by _______. What
are
the
Warm up
Let’s analyze a simple circuit. relationships between
 current, resistance, and resistance R ohm ( )
voltage that can be deduced
from the formula V = IR?
Table 1. Important quantities in
Circuit

Trivia:
Have you ever wondered why
According to Ohm's discovery,
the capital letter “I” is used to
"the amount of current flowing
represent the current? The term "I" was
3 through a conducting material in a
derived from the French phrase intensité
circuit is directly proportional to the
de courant, which translates literally as
potential difference across it." This is
"current intensity."
mathematically expressed in the
following equation:
In previous lessons on current
and resistance, you learned that an
V = IR
electric circuit is formed by a
(Eq. 1)
conductive path that allows the
continuous flow of charge, called
current, which is driven by voltage where V denotes the voltage between

and opposed to some extent by a conductor's terminals, I the current

resistance. Thus, the amount of in a conductor, and R the resistance

current in a given circuit is of a conductor.

determined by the system's voltage

and resistance. The table on the The Ohm's law triangle technique,
following page summarizes these depicted in Figure 1, is a simple
three key quantities of Ohm's law. method for determining an unknown
variable given the other two quantities
in the relationship.
Quantity Symbol
Measurement

current I ampere (A)

voltage V
 Symbol

V = (ΔPE)/Q
Voltage (V) V = IR v

I = Q/T
Current (I) I = V/R am

R = ρ (L/A)
Figure 1. Ohm’s law triangle
Resistance (R) R = V/I o
technique
Table 2. A summary of the equations

What exactly is Ohm's

law?
The unit for charge, C, stands for
coulomb. Current is denoted by the letter
Multiple equations relating to I, which stands for “intensity”, or more
the derivations of the individual specifically, current intensity.
variables of Ohm's law equation have
been presented in previous lessons.
The table below provides an overview
Let’s Practice!
of these relationships. As you go
through them, pay close attention to
how other metric units, as well as Example 1 (Easy)

their corresponding SI units, are An electronic device has a resistance

associated with each variable. This of 26 ohms and a current of 3.5 A.
will greatly assist you in determining What is the voltage across the
whether you have used the correct device?
equation (and units) when solving Solution
problems. Step 1 Determine what is
asked in the problem.
You are asked to solve
the voltage across the device.

Quantity and Equations

4
Step 2 Identify the given in You are asked to solve
the problem. the current and
The resistance (22 Ω) resistance of the silver
and current (3.5 A) are given. wire.

Step 3 Write the working Step 2 Identify the given in

equation. the problem.

V = IR
5 The diameter of the wire

Step 4 Substitute the given (4 mm), the charge (550

values. C), the time of transfer

[1 hour or 3600 s], and
V = 3.5 A (26 Ω)
the voltage (86.5 V) are
Step 5 Find the answer.
given.
V = 91 V
Step 3 Write the working
Thus, the voltage across the device
equation.
is equal to 91 V.
First, calculate the
value of I using the equation I = Q/T.
Give it a try! (Easy)
I = (550 C) / (3600s) =
The 5.3A current flows through a
0.15 A
3.6 kΩ resistor. How much
Then, solve the
voltage is there across it?
resistance R using the equation R =
V/I.
Example 2 (Average)
Step 4 Substitute the given
In one hour, a silver wire 4 mm in
values.
diameter moved a charge of
R = (86.5 V) / (0.15 A)
magnitude 550 C. If the potential
Step 5 Find the answer.
difference is 86.5 V, calculate (a) the
R = 576.67 Ω
current in the silver wire and (b) the
resistance.
Thus, the current flowing through the
Solution 6
silver wire is 0.15 A, and the
Step 1 Determine what is
resistance is 576.67 Ω.
asked in the problem.
Give it a try! (Average) Step 3 Write the working
In 2 hours, an aluminum wire equations.
moved a charge of magnitude You can solve the area
365.25 C. If the potential of the wire using the equation
difference is 76.5 V, calculate (a) A = πr2.
the current in the aluminum wire A = π (0.762 x 10 -3 m)2
and (b) the resistance. A = 1.82 x 10 -6 m2
You can calculate the
Example 3 (Difficult) resistance of the wire using Ohm's
A 7.45 V voltage is applied between law.
the terminals of a wire with the R = V/I
dimensions l = 54.6 cm and r = 0.762 R = 7.45 V / 23.4 A
mm. The current generated as a
R = 0.32 Ω
result of this is 23.4 A. Determine the
Using the equation,
wire's (a) area, (b) resistance, and (c)
solve for resistivity r.
resistivity.
ρ = RA/l
Solution
Step 1 Determine what is
7 Step 4 Substitute the given
asked in the problem.
values.
You are asked to solve
ρ = RA/l
the (a) area, (b)
ρ = (0.32 Ω) (1.82 x 10
resistance, and (c)
-6
m2) / (54.6 x 10-2 m)
resistivity of the wire.
ρ = 1.07 x 10 -6 Ωm
Step 2 Identify the given in
the problem. Step 5 Find the answer.

The voltage (7.45 V), A = 1.82 x 10 -6 m2

wire dimensions (l = R = 0.32 Ω

54.6 cm and r = 0.762 ρ = 1.07 x 10 -6 Ωm
mm), and current (23.4 Thus, the wire's (a) area is 1.82 x 10
A) are all given. -6
m2, (b) its resistance 0.32 Ω, and
(c) resistivity is 1.07 x 10 -6 Ωm.
 Give it a try! (Difficult)
8B. Solve the following problems.
A 5.8-meter-long wire with a
radius of 0.950 mm was
1. If the voltage across the resistor is
subjected to a voltage of 25.0 V, 12 V, calculate the current I through
producing a current with an a resistor with resistance R = 4.5 Ω.
2. An aluminum wire moved a charge
intensity of 32.45 A. Determine of magnitude 455.25 C in 4 hours.
the wire's (a) area, (b) resistance, Calculate (a) the current in the
aluminum wire and (b) the
and (c) resistivity. resistance if the potential
difference is 84.9 V.
3. A 1.5 m wire with a radius of 0.250
mm was subjected to a 13.0 V
voltage, producing a 16.7 A
What I have learned current. Determine the (a) area of
the wire (b) its resistance (c) the
resistivity.

A. Determine whether each of

the statements below is true or
false.
Let’s Create!
_________1. The flow of charges is
referred to as current.
_________2. Current is symbolized by ELECTRICAL SAFETY!
the letter I, which stands During the Christmas season, houses would usually
for "induction" of current.
_________3. The current will decrease to keep the spirit alive in the whole community. You
if the voltage across a resistor is lantern outside your home and fill the gates with Ch
increased.
_________4. If resistance is kept just moved into the house across the street. Your kno
constant, potential guide both of you with the limit of Christmas decorat
difference changes
directly with changes in house and distribute proper loading to avoid acciden
current. responsible citizen, your task is to make infographics
_________5. Some electronic devices,
such as computers, found inside the house and help the community
retain some charges Christmas. Your output will be rated based on th
even when they are
unplugged, so you content, creativity, and conclusion. Appendix B. Rub
should not attempt to
repair them yourself.
Summary
 a. The current will
● Electric current is defined as a net charge that passes through an area per
7. Which of the decrease
unit time. It has a coulomb unit SI (C/s) or an ampere
following statements per second (A). current will stay
b. The
● Voltage is a measurement of the amount of electrical
about Ohm's Law is pressure theavailable
same to
force current through a circuit. It is measured
correct? in volts in the International
c. The current will be
System of Units (V). a. When resistance doubled
● Resistance is the opposition of a material to the
increases in aflow of charges. Its current
d. The SI unitwill
is the ohm (Ω). It can also be definedcircuit
as the proportionality
with a factor between
increase
the voltage and the current. specific potential
difference then 9. A voltage of 4.50 V is
current must
● A conductive path that permits the continuous flow of charge,also applied called
between the
increase
current, driven by the voltage and opposed to some degree by resistance, terminals of a wire with
b. An electrical the following
forms an electric circuit.
conductor's dimensions: l – 20.5 cm
● Ohm’s law states that “the amount ofresistance current flowing
dependsthrough anda conducting
r – 0.250 mm. As a
material in a circuit is directly proportional
on thetopotential
the potential difference
result, across
the current
it”. difference it generated is 15.5 A.
experiences What us the resistivity of
c. If resistance is the wire?
Summative (Post-test) kept constant, a. 2.67 x 10-6 Ωm
potential difference b. 3.0 x 10-6 Ωm
changes directly c. 2.77 x 10-7 Ωm
1. Which equation resistance is with changes in d. 3.0 x 10-7 Ωm
would you use to increased? current
calculate voltage? a. The voltage d. Increasing the 10. An aluminum wire
a. V = I/R c. will decrease resistance in a moved a charge of
V = IR b. The voltage circuit always magnitude 425.5 C in
b. V = PR will stay the decreases the 2.5 hours. What is the
d. V = R/I same potential difference resistance if the
c. The voltage across it potential difference is
2. Ohm’s Law will increase 60.0 V?
states that current d. The voltage 8. What happens to the a. 12 K Ω
equal’s voltage will be doubled current if the voltage b. 1.2 K Ω
divided by across a resistor is c. 9KΩ
a. Inductance c. 5. What will the increased? d. 0.9 K Ω
Capacitance voltage across a 5
b. Resistance Ohm resistor be if
d. Power 11 Amps are
Key to Answers
passed through it?
3. What is the a. 0.45 volts
current if 15 volts b. 5 volts Give it a try!
are applied across a c. 55 volts
Easy: V = 19,080 V
3-ohm resistor? d. 5.5 volts
a. 45 amps Average: I = 0.05 A;
b. 5 amps 6. What is the R = 1530 Ω
c. 0.2 amps resistance of an Difficult: A = 2.84 x 10-6 m2;
d. 15 amps electrical circuit if 60
R = 0.77 Ω;
volts and 5 amps
4. If the current in are applied to it? ρ = 3.78 x 10 -7
an electrical circuit a. 12 ohms Ωm
is constant, what b. 300 ohms
will happen to the c. 0.83 ohms
What I have learned!
voltage if the d. 10 ohms

10
 understanding of understanding of understanding of unde
A. Determine whether each of the scientific concepts concepts learned; concepts; able to conc
statements below is true or false. learned; able to apply able apply knowledge to ap
1. True 2. False knowledge to
3. False to apply knowledge but to and already to ne
novel and relevant to known situation
4. True 5. True
situations relevant situations

B. Solve the following problems. The material reflects Adequate planning. Minimal planning. Insu
1. I = 2.67 A deliberate, careful and It has educational It has weak plan
thorough planning. It value and educational to fo
2. I = 0.32 A; R = 265.31 Ω
has a strong educational information is value and some lacks
3. A = 1.96 x 10-7 m2; R = 0.78 Ω; ρ = presented logically. information is valu
1.02 x 10 -7 Ωm The information is presented
presented in an illogically.
interesting and logical
Appendices

AppendixShows
A. originality and Shows Shows Show
innovation resourcefulness in resourcefulness origi
Rubric for Problem Solving activities in some; a lot of and
work is borrowed creat
from other in ac
5 4 3 resources. is en
with
ackn
Correct units and Correct units and Correct units There are a lot the o
notation are always notation are and notation are of Appendix B.
used, making it usually, making it sometimes used, inappropriate
Rubric for Electrical Safety
easy to understand fairly easy to making it a bit uses of units
how the problem understand how difficult to and notation.
was solved. the problem was understand how
solved. the problem was References
solved.
Website:
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-
All problems are All except 1 of all All except 2 of content/uploads/2019/01/General-Physics-
Several of the
completed. the problems are 2-1.pdf
the problems are problems are
completed. completed. not https://www.ck12.org/physics/ohms-
completed.
law/lesson/Ohms-Law-MS-PS/?
referrer=concept_details
https://www.oakton.edu/user/1/agero/ELT
101/Presentations/Chapter03.pdf
https://sciencesource2.pearsoncanada.ca/
resources/hotpotato_quiz_09_11_3.htm
Exceeds Expectations Meets Needs
https://www.ducksters.com/science/quiz/o
(4) Expectations Improvement (2)
(3) hms_law_questions.php
https://byjus.com/physics/ohms-law/
Shows student’s deep Shows student’s Shows student
and thorough correct inadequate

12