TRAINING REPORT: PCB Designing

Aastha Ahirwar
Shri G.S. institute of technology and science
 SHRI G.S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TRINNING REPORT
PCB Designing using EAGLE CAD

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Aastha Ahirwar Dr. M.P.S. Chawla
Enrollment no. 0801EE181002
 Acknowledgement

My experience during my training has been memorable and very interesting . I have
been given guidance and opportunities that will contribute greatly in my personal
growth hand development toward successful professional career

I express my deepest gratitude to internshala for giving me an opportunity to learn

one
of the most demanding skill of PCB designing

Last but not the least I also acknowledge the help and cooperation from all the
employees that I have interacted and worked with ,during the period of my training
 Table of Content

1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Objective
4 Getting started
5 Arduino points
6 Schematic layout
7 Board layout
8 Finishing up
9 PCB fabrication
10 Certificate
 Abstract

EAGLE, an acronym for Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor, is a design

software
by Cadsoft Computers. It is widely used by educationalists, students, hobbyists and
professionals because of its rich yet simple interface with large component library
cross-platform support on Windows, Mac and Linux too! Since windows is the widely
used OS, the inclination of this tutorial will be towards EAGLE on a Windows
computer, but don’t worry there is almost no difference on a Mac or Linux. PCB
designing is like maturing wine, the more we practice the better we will be at
designing professional level PCBs.

PCB designing using EAGLE requires the learning of a lot of processes hence this
tutorial is divided into 4 parts:

Introduction to EAGLE and the Software Environment

Designing schematics using the EAGLE Schematic Editor
Designing layouts using Board Layout Designer (using auto-router, for professional
version)
Designing our own components and custom library
 Introduction to PCB Designing

If we are an electronics hobbyist we might have probably designed many electronic

circuits and even prototyped them on a breadboard. Now it’s time to step up to the
next level. Let’s design the same on a PCB. This article and a couple more of them
will be addressing the topic of PCB designing.

There are many types of circuits that we can design on a PCB – like analog, digital,
RF – and the PCB layout may make-or-break the performance and working of the
circuit. Our circuit may work as a prototype on a breadboard, but it might not work on
a PCB. PCB designing is an art. While it may come naturally to some, it can be
daunting even for experienced circuit designers. And this is why many companies
hire PCB experts! We
can find PCBs everywhere, all around we– inside computers, phones, power supply,
watches, thermostats, cameras, automobiles, traffic lights, microwave oven,
refrigerator – and they are increasing – which means PCB designers are in demand
now, and will remain so for a while!

As a matter of fact, PCB designing is a creative and individual learning process. We

can only teach the basics, but the technique will mature once we start working on
more and more projects. To become an expert in PCB design, it takes a great deal
of talent and knowledge to place components as close as possible without
compromising the performance of the circuit.
 Objectives

Design a printed circuit board (PCB) in Eagle. This PCB will be an Arduino shield -
a board that sandwiches with an Arduino microcontroller to provide extra
functionality. The PCB will have a collection of LEDs on it that can be controlled
from the arduino.

● Get familiar with the process and vocabulary of PCB design

● Learn how to use Eagle
● Lay a foundation that we can build off of to do more complex PCB design in the
future
 Getting Started
1. Download Eagle from the autodesk website:
https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/free-download
2. After we download it, either create an Autodesk account or sign in with yours.
After this is complete, Eagle will open in the Control Panel view.
The Control Panel is our home base in Eagle. This is where we can create and access
our projects and libraries.

Libraries are files that contain part descriptions: what is the symbol that represents the
part and what does the part’s physical footprint need to look like.

The footprint is the layout of the pads that the component will be soldered to.
We can make our own libraries or we can download premade libraries. We’re going to
be using the SparkFun Eagle libraries that are on github
3. Download the SparkFun Eagle libraries from github using this link:
https://github.com/sparkfun/SparkFun-Eagle-Libraries Click on “Clone or
download” and then select “Download ZIP”
4. Extract the library files from the zip file.
We’ll include the libraries once we start laying out the schematic. But first, we need to
start a “Project” for our board to reside in.

5. In the top menu of the Control Panel select File - New - Project. This will add a
new project under the “projects” tab in the Control Panel. Rename the new
project whatever we want. In this tutorial it is named “Workshop.” The project
description for the project we just created should be “Empty Project”
We’ll add the schematic and layout to the project so that all the pieces we need for making
a PCB are grouped together.

6. Right click on our project in the Control panel then select New - Schematic. A
schematic will then be added to our project and will open in a new window
We’re going to add the sparkfun libraries through the library manager before we layout the
schematic.
7. From the top menu select “Library” and then click on “Open library manager”

8. Navigate to the “In Use” tab of the Library Manager and then hit the “Browse” button.

9. In the pop up window, browse to where we extracted the SparkFun library files
previously. Select all the individual library files and then hit the Open button

10. In the library manager under the “In Use” tab, scroll down and make sure the
SparkFun libraries appear in the list Schematic Layout

The schematic is the symbolic description of the PCB. It’s analogous to a circuit
diagram. It’s where we’ll indicate the connections between parts and it’ll help us when
we do the board layout later.

We’ll use the tools in the toolbar on the left to build the schematic. The button to add
components is boxed in red in the image below. Hovering over this tool brings up the
description “Add Part”

11. Save our schematic by hitting the save button in the upper left or through File - Save
12. Click on the Add Part tool. In the Add window that pops up, navigate to
SparkFun-Boards, then ARDUINO_UNO_R3_SHIELD, and then select
ARDUINO_UNO_R3_SHIELDBASIC. A preview of the schematic symbol and
footprint will show in the Add window. Select OK
13. Place an instance of the Arduino Uno shield symbol in the schematic window by
clicking once in the white canvas in the schematic window. Clicking again will
place another instance of the symbol. Press the escape button on our keyboard
to exit the symbol placement mode. This will bring weback to the Add window.
Pressing escape again will close the add window.

To pan the schematic canvas, hold down our mouse’s scroll wheel and drag the
canvas. To zoom in, roll the scroll wheel away from you. To zoom out, roll the scroll
wheel towards you.
We can rotate a symbol by right clicking before we left click to place it in the
schematic .We can also right click on the symbol and then select rotate.

14. Place the components in the BOM below in the schematic. The Library column
tells we where to find the part in the Add window. Remember that we can right
click before placing a component to rotate it. After placing components, we can
use the move tool in the left hand toolbar to arrange the symbols nicely.
 Bill of Materials (BOM)

Part Name Library/Folder Quanti

ty
ARDUINO_UNO_R3_SHE SparkFun-Boards -> 1
ILDBA SIC ARDUINO_UNO_R3_SHI
ELD
RESISTORAXIA Sparkfun-Resistors - 6
L-0.3 >RESISTOR
LED5MM Sparkfun-LED ->LED 6

The resistors will be used to limit the current going into the LEDs. We want to connect
each LED to a resistor and to a digital pin on the Arduino through the shield board.
The full pinout of the Arduino is shown below. All the pins whose names start with “D”
(e.g., D2 or D7) are digital pins.
 Arduino Pinout

15. Use the Net tool (green L shape button) in the toolbar to connect the
symbols according to the suggested connections and suggested schematic
below. To use the Net tool, click on the pin of a symbol to start the net and
then click on the pin of the component we want to connect to.
16. Save our schematic.
Suggested Board Connections
Arduino Shield Pin Component Connection

D3 R1

D5 R2

D6 R3

D9 R4

D10 R5

D11 R6

GND All LED cathodes

 Suggested Schematic

NOTE: There are many possible ways to layout the schematic (i.e., different pin
connections and organizations of symbols). This schematic layout will make laying out
the board easy and is therefore suggested
 Board Layout

Now that the schematic is complete, we can start the board layout.

17. Tocreate the board, press the “Generate/switch to board” button in the top
menu. Select “Yes” in the pop up warning to create the board from the
schematic. A new Board window will open.

The board window will show the footprints of all the components we had in our schematic.
The green circles represent copper pads where through hole components will go in the
physical board.
The yellow lines connecting components are called airwires and they represent the
connections we made in the schematic. In laying out the board, we will replace the
airwires with tracesThe black area in the board window is the board area. We can adjust
the size and shape of the board area based on what we want to fabricate.
18. Adjust
our grid - this is a personal preference .The grid will determine how we
can move components. We can choose whether or not to display it.
19. Move the Arduino shield into the board area using the move tool. Once we
select the shield with the move tool (click on the plus in the middle of the shield
outline) we can right click to rotate the shield before placing it. We’re going to
let the USB and ethernet ports hang off the edge. Since this will be stacking on
top of an arduino, we just need to make sure all of our header pins will be in
the board profile.
 20. Adjust the board size using the move tool so it fits the profile of the arduino. With
the move tool selected, click on an edge of the board and drag it in towards the
shield. We can also right click on an edge of the board and select properties. In
the properties window we can adjust the position of the edge numerically.

place our remaining components inside our board area using the move tool following the
suggested layout. Zoom in to see the component designations (e.g., D3 or R1). It’s
ultimately up to we how we want to place our components but we want to be able to
make connections where all the airwires are without crossing connections and we want
our connections to be as direct as possible.
A. Right click to rotate a component
B. Use the mouse scroll wheel to zoom in and out
C. Hold down the scroll wheel to pan around our layout
D. Hold down the alt key while wemove components to move finer
increments than our normal grid

The Ratsnest button can be used to clean up airwires. It’ll find the most direct
connections and adjust for you. The Ratsnest button can be found in the toolbar on the
left.

Click the Ratsnest button after placing our components in the board area Next, we’re
going to route the board. Routing is the process of placing traces where the airwires
are.
The Route Airwire button is located in the left hand toolbar above the Ratsnesbutton.

21. Selectthe route button. In the top of the window, adjust the
trace settings so that the width is 0.254, the top layer is selected,
the walkaround obstacles setting is selected, and the 45 degree
bend option is selected.

22. Connect R1, R3, and R6 to their arduino pins with the
route tool (see example below).
a. Click inside a pad to start a trace and end on another pad.

23. ConnectD6 to R6, D3 to R3, D1 to R1, D5 to R5, D4 to

R4, and D2 to R2 with the route tool

We can change trace directions at 45 degree angles. Be sure to keep some

distance between the traces and the pins

We can use the ripup tool to the right of the route tool to remove any traces we
don’t like. We can’t use the delete tool to get rid of traces.
 24. Strategically place the remaining traces. An example full board layout is shown
below.
a. Try to keep routing as direct as possible
b. Don’t cross our trace with another
c. Avoid routing under components when possible

In the picture below, the different color traces (red and blue) represent traces on
different layers of the board and therefore it’s okay for them to cross. We’re making a 1
layer board so none of our traces should cross.
There should be no more visible airwires when you’re done routing.

All the traces we just made will be on the top copper layer of the board. On top of that
layer is the soldermask. This is what makes most PCBs green. The white writing on top
of the soldermask is called the silkscreen.
 25. Add text on the silkscreen to label our components. Click on the text button.
Type in our label. Click okay and then change the layer to 21 tPlace by finding it
in the drop down menu at the top of the window before placing our label next to
the correct component on the board

Typically we label our components on the silkscreen so we know what components to

put where during assembly.

26. Save our board.

 Finishing Up
PCB design software has built in checks that we can run to make sure that a PCB
manufacturer will be able to make our board. These checks look at things like if our traces
are too close to pads or to each other.

27. Check our board design .Hit the ERC button at the bottom left of our toolbar. We
might need to hit the down arrow at the bottom of the toolbar to show the other
tools. We may see warnings about the LEDs not having values. We can clear
these warnings.
 28. In
the board layout view, in the DRC button next to the ERC button. This will
check our layout for errors. Hit “Check” in the pop up window. This will run the
default design rule check. PCB manufacturers also have their own DRCs that
we can download and then run in our PCB design software.

1. Generate the gerber files. Click on the generate CAM data button. Then click okay.

Gerber files are what we send to PCB manufacturers to make boards. They provide the
mechanical description of each board layer.
 PCB Fabrication
In order to fabricate a PCB, we usually sent it to a fab house. Different fab houses
have different requirements we must meet for them to fabricate our board. We can
find these requirements on their website. Fab houses are have different costs and
production times.

Here are some fab house options:

● https://easyeda.com/
● https://www.sunstone.com/
● https://www.4pcb.com/
● https://oshpark.com/
Certificate