GUJARAT TECHNOLOGIAL UNIVERSITY

(GTU)
AHEMADABAD- 382424

Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda-382424

(Affiliated with Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad)
A
Report subject Project- II
(2180905) On

OVER CURRENT RELAY PANEL

Prepared as a part of the requirement for the subject of

B.E- Semester- VII / VIII
(Electrical Engineering Branch)

Submitted by:

Sr. No. Name Enrollment No.

1 Prajapati Chirag 170173109031
2 Dafda Sunil 170173109006
3 Gunsai Uttam 170173109013
4 Hirawaniya Sanket 170173109014
5 Kanjariya Sunil 170173109017

Guided by:
Prof. H.B.Vaghela Sir
Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering, VGEC, Chandkheda
Head of department:
Prof.R.R.Kapadia
Professor & Head, Electrical Engineering, VGEC, Chandkheda
Academic Year
2019-2020

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project II (2180905) Report entitled

“OVER CURRENT RELAY PANEL”

Submitted by

Sr. No. Name Enrollment No.

1 Prajapati Chirag 170173109031
2 Dafda Sunil 170173109006
3 Gunsai Uttam 170173109013
4 Hirawaniya Sanket 170173109014
5 Kanjariya Sunil 170173109017

towards the partial fulfillment in Project II(2180905) (Electrical Engineering) of Gujarat

Technological University is the record of work carried out by him under our supervision and
guidance in the Academic Year 2019-2020

The work submitted has in our opinion reached a level required for being accepted for
examination. The results embodied in this Project Work to the best of our knowledge have not
been submitted to any other University or diploma.

Guided by:

Prof. H.B.Vaghela Prof. R.R.Kapadia

Assistant Professor, Professor & Head,
Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College,
Chandkheda – 382424 Chandkheda – 382424
Sign:- Sign:-

Date :-

Place :- Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Chandkheda- 382424

Ahmedabad ( India )

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 ABSTRACT

❖ An electric power system is a network of electric components used to supply, transmit

and use electric power
❖ Power system contains protective device to prevent injury or damage during failures
protection device keep the power system stable by isolating only the components that
are under fault whilst leaving as much of the network as possible still in operation.
❖ Choices of protective device very according to the strength of power in the system
earlier safety fuses were used in lower powered application but now a days in lower
powered applications protective relays are used
❖ Early relays working was based upon electromagnetic principles but modern relay are
application specific computers that determine whether to trip based upon readings
from the power system different relays initiate trip depending upon different schemes.

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 CONTENTS
1. CANVASES ............................................................................................................... 6
1.1. AEIOU SUMMARY… ....................................................................................... 6
1.2. EMPATHY CANVAS.........................................................................................7
1.3. IDEATION CANVAS ........................................................................................ 9
1.4. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS ......................................................... 10
1.5. BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS……………………………………………....12
2. INTRODUCTION TO CONCEPT/IDE…………………………………………14
3. FAULT IN POWER SYSTEM……………………………………………………15
4. OVER CURRENT AND ITS CAUSES ................................................................ 15
4.1. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF OVER CURRENT RELAY ............................... 15
4.2. OVER CURRENT IS CAUSED BY ................................................................ 15
4.3. GENERAL LAYOUT OF PROTECTION SYSTEM.......................................15
5. RELAY.....................................................................................................................16
5.1. BASIC CONNECTION DIAGRAM OF PROTECTION RELAY ................. 16
6. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM……………………………………………………….17
7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM…………………………………………………………….18
8. WORKING OF PROJECT………………………………………………………19
9. PANEL LAYOUT…………………………………………………………………20
10. OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………….21
11. PHOTOS OF SOJA 400KV SUBSTATION VISITING………………………..22
12. ESTIMATION OF PROJECT COST……………………………………………23
13. APPLICATION OF OVER CURRENT RELAY………………………………24
14. ADVANTAGES OF OVERCURRENT RELAY PANEL……………………..24
15. REFERANCE………………………………………………………………………25

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 TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: AEIOU SUMMARY CANVAS
Figure 2: EMPATHY CANVAS
Figure 3: IDEATION CANVAS
Figure 4: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS
Figure 5: BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
Figure 6: GENERAL LAYOUT OF PROTECTION SYSTEM
Figure 7: TRIPING CIRCUIT
Figure 8: SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
Figure 9: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Figure 10: PANEL LAYOUT
Figure 11: OVERVIEW
Figure 12: PHOTOS OF SOJA 400KV SUBSTATION VISITING

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 1. CANVASES

1.1 AEIOU SUMMARY

1. ACTIVITY:
✓ Observation
✓ Assembling
✓ Management
✓ Printing
✓ Thinking
✓ Purchase of pass

2. ENVIRONMENT:
✓ Indoor/outdoor
✓ Neat & clean
✓ Ecofriendly
✓ Sunny day

3. INTERACTION:
✓ Collage
✓ Industries
✓ Power system
✓ Protection system

4. OBJECTS:
✓ Relay
✓ Contactor
✓ CT
✓ Ammeter
✓ Voltmeter
✓ Indicators
✓ Pushbuttons

5. USERS:
✓ Electrical engineering students
✓ Protection of power system
✓ Testing of laboratory

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 1.2 EMPATHY CANVAS

1. USERS
✓ Lab kit
✓ Industries
✓ Small machine protection
✓ Relay testing laboratory

2. STAKEHOLDERS
✓ Collage
✓ Industries
✓ Power system

3. ACTIVITIES
✓ Planning
✓ Research
✓ Design
✓ Find location
✓ Observation

HAPPY:-
In sgp laboratory three is microprocessor based relay available so it is difficult to
understand the relay operation so using this lab-kit we can easily understand the relay
operation.

HAPPY:-
This project is based on switchgear and protection and we are study SGP in current
semester so this project is very useful for batter understanding & protection subject and relay
operation.

SAD:-
In this relay panel we visualization the fault & occurrence this kind of effect but we not
visualization actual working of relay. Time lag is provide which is not desirable in on short
circuit.

SAD:-
If relay is in any internal fault occurs so all the circuit are not useful & due to the over
current so safety are must require for people the continuity in the supply cannot be maintain at
the load end in the event of fault.

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1.3 IDEATION CANVAS

1. PEOPLE
✓ Electrical engineering student
✓ Testing laboratory
✓ Industries
2. ACTIVIES
✓ Design
✓ Research
✓ Planning
✓ Find location
✓ Observation
3. SITUATION/CONTEXT/LOCATION
✓ Power system
✓ Industries
✓ Sgp laboratory
✓ Testing laboratory
4. PROPS/POSSIBLE SOLUTION
✓ Easy understanding
✓ Economical
✓ System protection

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1.4 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CANVAS

1. PURPOSE
✓ Switch gear laboratory
✓ Understanding relay concept
✓ Visual experience

2. PEOPLE
✓ Student
✓ Power system
✓ Industries

3. PRODUCT EXPERIENCE
✓ Visual inspection of relay operation
✓ Better understanding of relay operation

4. PRODUCT FUNCTION
✓ Over current protection
✓ Understanding of working of tripping circuit

5. PRODUCT FEATURES
✓ Reliable
✓ Easy operation
✓ Low power consumption

6. COMPONTS
✓ Relay
✓ Contactor
✓ Push button
✓ Current transformer
✓ Voltmeter, ammeter
✓ Indicators, wires

7. CUSTOMER REVALIDATION
✓ Economical
✓ Reliable
✓ Portable
✓ Easy to understand

8. REJECT, REDESIGN, RETAIN

✓ Increase CT ratio
✓ Decrease operating time
✓ Using fast operation relay

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 1.5 BUISNESS MODEL CANVAS

1.KEY PARTNERS

✓ Industrialist
✓ GovernmenT

2.KEY ACTIVITIES

✓ Understand control panel wiring

✓ Purchasing component
✓ Testing of equipment
✓ Assemble in panel

3.KEY RESOURCES

✓ Man power
✓ Financial
✓ Efficient components

4.PROPOSITION

✓ We provide simple mechanism

✓ We reduce risk ratio
✓ In this project also minimum number of man power required

5.RELATIONSHIP

✓ project is use for laboratory purpose in switchgear and protection lab

✓ Simple understanding

6.CHANNELS

✓ We make advertisement for our project

✓ Work fullness of our project can attract customer so, it can be enrich our sell

7.CUSTOMERS SEGMENTS

✓ Switchgear and protection laboratory

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 8.COST STRUCTURE

✓ Component cost
✓ Fabrication work
✓ Miscellaneous item

9.REVENUE STREAMS

✓ Our project is efficient

✓ We provide better safety

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 2. INTRODUCTION TO CONCEPT/IDEA

In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a relay device designed to trip a circuit

breaker when a fault is detected. the first protective relays were electromagnetic devices,
relying on coils operating on moving parts to provide detection of abnormal operating
conditions such as over-current, over-voltage, reverse power flow, over-frequency, and under-
frequency.

Electromagnetic relay consists of electromagnet, armature, spring, movable contact

and stationary contact usually an electromagnetic relay has two circuits, low-voltage control
circuit and high-voltage working circuit the low-voltage control circuit includes an
electromagnetic relay coil, a low-voltage power supply and a switch. The high-voltage working
circuit includes a high-voltage power supply, a motor and the contacts of the electromagnetic
relay.

The working principle of electromagnetic relays is not complicated, and it operates

mainly according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. Switching on the power in the
low-voltage control circuit, the current goes through the coil of the electromagnet to generate
a magnetic field. Then the armature generates a suction force to making the movable contact
and stationary contact touching. Thus the working circuit is powered on and the motor begins
to work. When switching off the power in the low-voltage control circuit, the current in the coil
will disappear and the armature under the action of the spring will separate the movable contact
and stationary contact. The working circuit is disconnected and the circuit breaker or contactor
operate and disconnect the faulty part.

This project is expected to help students for better understanding operation of relay and it is
also helpful for simple understanding basic operation of tripping circuit of power system.

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3. FAULTS IN POWER SYSTEM
• Line to ground fault
• Line to line fault
• Line-line to ground fault
• L-L-L fault
• L-L-L-G fault

4. OVER CURRENT AND ITS CAUSES

➢ In an electric power system over current or excess current is a situation where a larger
than intended electric current exists through a conductor leading to excessive generation
of heat the risk of fire or damage to equipment

4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF OVER CURRENT RELAY

In an over current relay there would be essentially a current flows through this coil
when normal current flows through this coil the magnetic effect generated by the coil
is not sufficient to move the moving element of relay as in this condition the restraining
force is greater than deflecting force but when the current through the coil increased
the magnetic effect increases and after certain level of current the deflecting force
generated by the magnetic effect of the coil crosses the restraining force as a result the
moving element starts moving to change the contact position in the relay

4.2 OVER CURRENT IS CAUSED BY:-

Short circuit Two or more live conductors touching each other
Overload Adding loads greater than that of the rated value
Earth fault A phase conductor touching the protective conductor by
means of direct or indirect contact

4.3 GENERAL LAYOUT OF PROTECTION SYSTEM

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5. RELAY
For protection of electrical apparatus and transmission lines
electromechanical relay with accurate operating characteristics were used detect
overload, short-circuits and other faults such relays are called protective relays these
relays monitor the current, voltage, frequency, or any other type of electric power
measurement either from a generating source or to a load for the purpose of triggering
a circuit breaker to open in the event of an abnormal condition.

5.1 BASIC CONNECTION DIAGRAM OF PROTECTION RELAY

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6. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
10/5amp ct

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7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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8. WORKING OF PROJECT

In an over current relay, there would be essentially a current coil.

When normal current flows through this coil, the magnetic effect generated
by the coil is not sufficient to move the moving element of the relay, as in
this condition there restraining force is greater than deflecting force. But
when the current through the coil increases, the magnetic effect increases,
and after a certain level of current, the deflecting force generated by the
magnetic effect of the coil, crosses the restraining force. As a result, the
moving element starts moving to change the contact position in the relay and
because of that circuit breaker contact are open and supply will be
disconnect.

This same principle is use in this project. In this lab kit we use the
contactor instead of circuit breaker because of the low value of fault current.
by changing current setting and plug setting we can change the pick up
current of the relay. lamps is use as a load. so by increasing the load load
current is also increase when load current is reach relay coil pick up current
relay disc start moving depending upon time setting multiplier relay contact
are close and contactor normally close contact are open and the contactor coil
is de-energized to disconnect the load from the supply.

This relay have a inverse characteristic so when value of fault current

increase operating time of relay become decrease.

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9.PANEL LAYOUT

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10.Overview
(Set-up)

(Relay)

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11. PHOTOS OF SOJA 400KV SUBSTATION VISITING

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12.Estimation of project cost

Sr component Rate rs Qty rs Total rs

no
1 Contactor 9A ,230-250v 600 4 2400
2 Add on block 300 4 1200
3 Voltmeter 0-300v 150 2 300
4 Ammeter 0-10A 110 3 330
5 Rheostat 50ohm,5A 3200 1 3200
6 Current transformer 5/1 600 1 600
7 Current transformer 10/5 600 1 600
8 Push button 20 5 100
9 Probe pin 10 20 200
10 Stud 10 30 300
11 Wires in meter 20 5 100
12 Fabrication work 4000
TOTAL COST 13,330 Rs

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 13.APPLICATION OF OVER CURRENT RELAY
1. Motor Protection:
• Used against overloads and short-circuits in stator windings of motor.
• Inverse time and instantaneous overcurrent phase and ground
• Overcurrent relays used for motors above 1000 kW.

2. Transformer Protection:
• Used only when the cost of overcurrent relays are not justified.
• Extensively also at power-transformer locations for external-fault back-up
protection.

3. Line Protection:
• On some sub transmission lines where the cost of distance relaying cannot be
justified.
• primary ground-fault protection on most transmission lines where distance
relays are used for phase faults.
• For ground back-up protection on most lines having pilot relaying for primary
protection.

4. Distribution Protection:
• It is basically simple and inexpensive.
• Very often the relays do not need to be directional and hence no PT supply is
required.
• It is possible to use a set of two O/C relays for protection against inter-phase
faults and a separate Overcurrent relay for ground faults

14.Advantages of over current relay panel

• This over current relay panel is use for easily understanding the operation of over current relay.
• This relay panel is used in switchgear & protection and power system subjects laboratory for
performing practical of over current protection of different element in power system.

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15.REFERENCE
➢ http://canvasdesignengg.blogspot.in/
➢ https://robofacts.wordpress.com/design-engineering/
➢ www.tutorialspoint.com
➢ https://www.scribd.com/doc/356048493
➢ FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
BY:-Y.G.PARITHANKAR & S.R.BHIDE

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