Logarithmic

Functions, Equations,
and Inequalities
Logarithmic Functions, Equations,
and Inequalities
Learning Competency:
• Distinguish logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, and
logarithmic inequality.
M11GM-Ih-2

Subtasks:
• Recognize logarithmic functions, equations and
inequalities.
• Differentiate among logarithmic functions, equations and
inequalities.

Blossom,
is there a
problem
? Buttercup, I’m so tired
of figuring what the
differences are
between logarithmic
Of course! I’m sure Professor functions, equations,
would be happy if we will and inequalities.
help each other in studying
our lessons, especially in
differentiating logarithmic
functions, equations, and
inequalities. Really?

H
Don’t worry
Blossom,
Buttercup
and I will
help you.
 o Logarithmic Equation – An equation involving logarithms
Example: log 𝑥 2=4

o Not a Logarithmic Equation : log −2 4=𝑥

Here are some additional examples of logarithmic equations.

a. log 𝑥 16 = 4 f. log √2 16 = 𝑥
b. log 2 𝑥 = −4 g. log 5 25 = 3𝑥 − 3
3
c. log 2 4 = 𝑥 h. log 4 (𝑥 + 3) = 2

d. 16 = log 4 𝑥 i. log 2𝑥 0.1 = 1

e. log 𝑥 (2𝑥 − 3) = 1 j. ln(3𝑥 + 1) + ln 4 = 1

o Logarithmic Inequality – An inequality involving logarithms

2
Example: ln 𝑥 > (ln 𝑥) 2

Here are some additional examples of logarithmic equations.

a. log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) < 3 f. log 3 𝑥 − 3 log 3 2 ≤ 1
b. log 4 9 > 2 log 4 𝑥 g. log 0.5(4𝑥 + 1) < log 0.5(1 − 4𝑥)
c. log 3 (3𝑥 − 2) < 2 h. ln 𝑥 > 1
1
d. 𝑥 log 2 𝑥 − 1 > 0 i. 3 log 𝑥 2 > 5 + 2 log 𝑥 16

e. log 3 (𝑥 − 1)2 > 2 j. log 3 𝑥 + log 3 +≥ 2

 o Logarithmic Function – Function of the form 𝑓 (𝑥) = log 𝑏 𝑥
(b>0, b≠1).
Example: 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 3 2𝑥

Here are some additional examples of logarithmic equations.

a. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = log 0.5 (𝑥 + 2) f. 𝑦 = 2 log 4 𝑥

𝑥
b. 𝑦 = log 2 𝑥 g. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = log 5 3

c. 𝑦 = log 4 (𝑥 + 3) h. ℎ(𝑥 ) = log 0.25 𝑥 (𝑥 + 5) − 3

d. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 1 (𝑥 − 1) i. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 2 25 − 𝑥
3

1
e. 𝑦 = (log 5 𝑥) + 6 j. 𝑦 = log 6 (𝑥 + 1) +
5

Activity 1
Determine whether the given is a logarithmic function, logarithmic
equation, logarithmic inequality, or neither. Write your answer on
the blank before the number.

1
_______1. 𝑦 = log 3 (𝑥 + 2) ________6. 3 log 𝑥 2 > 2 log 𝑥 16

_______2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 1 (5𝑥 − 2) ________7. 9𝑥+1 = log −2 81

4

_______3. 2 log 2 (𝑥 + 5) < 4 ________8. 𝑦 = log 2 (𝑥 + 1) + 3

_______4. log 25 125 = 𝑥 ________9. log 2 3𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1

_______5. log 𝑥 𝑥 2 = log 2 (4𝑥 − 4) ________10. log 3 𝑥 > 2

 Activity 2
Write each logarithm in their proper column.

o ℎ(𝑥 ) = log 2 (𝑥 − 4) + 2 ○ 𝑦 = log 6 (𝑥 + 1)

5
o ln(3𝑥 + 1) + ln 4 = 1 ○ 𝑥 + 3 ≥ log 4 5𝑥
o log 2 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) = log 2 4 ○ 2 log(3𝑥 + 5) = log 2𝑥
o log 2 𝑥 + log 2 (𝑥 + 2) ≤ log 2 (𝑥 + 6) ○ log 𝑥+1 81 = 𝑦
o 𝑔(𝑥 ) = log 5 (𝑥 + 5)2 ○ 2 log 4 𝑥 2 ≤ log 4 9

Logarithmic Equations Logarithmic Inequalities Logarithmic Functions

o o o

We know you I am very glad I finally

can do it! know the differences
between logarithmic
functions, logarithmic
You’re equations, and
welcome! logarithmic inequalities.
Thank you so much for
helping me Bubbles and
Buttercup!
 Activity 1
1. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = log 4 𝑥 + 2

Determine whether the 2. log 5 (6𝑥 − 3) = 8

given is a logarithmic
function, logarithmic 3. ln(8𝑥 + 1) > ln 4
equation, logarithmic
inequality or neither, then
4. 𝑦 = 𝑒 4𝑥+1
explain your answer in a
sentence.
5. 𝑦 = log 3 𝑥

Activity 2
Cross-out each logarithmic equation,
encircle each logarithmic function and draw a star if it is a logarithmic
inequality inside the table below.

5 log 3 (1 − 𝑥 ) = log 3 (𝑥 2 + 16 log 1 (5𝑥 − 1) ≥ 0

log 1 𝑥 > log 1
3 32 − 𝑥) 5

2 log 5 𝑥 − log 5 125 < 1 log 7 𝑥 + log 7 2𝑥 = 2.5 log10 𝑥 = 2

log 𝑥 4 + log 4 𝑥 2 = 1 log 𝑥−2 (10 − 3𝑥) < 2 log 5 (3𝑥 − 1) < 1

1 6
log 𝑥 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥) < 3 𝑦 = log 2 log 2 > log 2 (𝑥 + 5)
8 𝑥
1 log 0.5 𝑥 + log 0.5 2𝑥 − 2
log 5 =𝑦 log 𝑥 81 − 0.5 = log 𝑥 27
25 ≤0
𝑓(𝑥 ) = log 2 𝑥 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 log 9 𝑥 9 = 9
1
𝑦 = log 2 𝑥 log(𝑥 − 5) − log(1 − 𝑥 ) = log 3 |3 − 4𝑥 | ≥ 2
3
Write FF if the given is a logarithmic function, EE if it is a logarithmic equation, and II if it

is a logarithmic inequality on the space provided before the number.

_________1. log 4 (2𝑥 + 7) = 2 _________9. log 2 (𝑥 + 5) + log 2 (𝑥 + 1) = 5

_________2. log 3 𝑥 < 4 _________10. 𝑦 = 2 log 3 (𝑥 + 5)

_________3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = log 3 𝑥 2 _________11. log 4 2𝑥 ≥ 5

_________4. ln(5𝑥 − 4) = 3 _________12. 𝑦 = log 7 (𝑥 + 2.5)

_________5. log 2 (2𝑥 + 3) > log 2 (𝑥 − 2) _________13. log 3 (5𝑥 + 7) − log 3 (𝑥 + 5) = 1

1
_________6. 1 − log 4 𝑥 < 2 _________14. log 𝑥−2 (10 − 3𝑥) < 2

_________7. log 5 (8𝑥 − 7) = log 5 (2𝑥 − 13) _________15. log 3𝑥 ≥ log 𝑥 + 5

_________8. 𝑦 = log 7 (2𝑥 + 7) − 2

Answer the following questions in two to three sentences.

1. Define logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, and logarithmic inequality

and give one example each.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain the differences between logarithmic function, logarithmic equation,

and logarithmic inequality.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 o General Mathematics Learner’s Material First Edition, 2016, pp. 103

o Next Century Mathematics “Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry, and

Statistics, Second Edition 2008,
by Fernando B. Orines et. Al., pp. 413-414

o Prentice Hall Trigonometry, Philippine Edition 1999,

by Jerome D. Hayden et. Al., pp. 357-358

Activity Card

o Activity 1

1. Logarithmic Function 6. Logarithmic Inequality

2. Logarithmic Function 7. Neither
3. Logarithmic Inequality 8. Logarithmic Function
4. Logarithmic Equation 9. Logarithmic Equation
5. Logarithmic Equation 10. Logarithmic Inequality

o Activity 2

Logarithmic Equations Logarithmic Inequalities Logarithmic Functions

o ln(3𝑥 + 1) + ln 4 = 1 o log 2 𝑥 + log 2 (𝑥 + 2) ≤ log 2 (𝑥 + o ℎ(𝑥 ) = log 2 (𝑥 − 4) + 2
5
o log 2 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) = log 2 4 6)
o 𝑔(𝑥 ) = log 5 (𝑥 + 5)2
o 2 log(3𝑥 + 5) = log 2𝑥 o 𝑥 + 3 ≥ log 4 5𝑥
o 𝑦 = log 6 (𝑥 + 1)
o 2 log 4 𝑥 2 ≤ log 4 9
o log 𝑥+1 81 = 𝑦
 Assessment Card
o Activity 1

1. Logarithmic Function (answers may vary)

2. Logarithmic Equation (answers may vary)
3. Logarithmic Inequality (answers may vary)
4. Neither (answers may vary)
5. Logarithmic Function (answers may vary)

o Activity 2

Enrichment Card
o Activity 1
1. EE 9. EE
2. II 10. FF
3. FF 11. II
4. EE 12. FF
5. II 13. EE
6. II 14. II
7. EE 15. II
8. FF

o Activity 2
(Answers may vary)