Unit 3

Leadership Training

Introduction

Leaders are not born, they are made. You will become a successful leader when you have
the ability and willpower. Through a never-ending phase of self-study, schooling, training and
experience, good leaders grow. Through that method, this guide will help you. There are certain
things that you need to be, know, and do to inspire your staff into higher levels of teamwork. These
do not come naturally but are obtained through continuous research and function. Strong leaders
strive and research constantly to develop their leadership skills; they do not rest on their laurels.

Leadership is the practice of manipulating individuals to voluntarily accomplish group

goals. What a president does in his country, a captain does on the playground, in his company, the
manager must do. Leaders should have certain fundamental values in all walks of life. They should
be able to create contact with their equals, deal with and direct their subordinates, mediate in
disputes, solve problems through the weighing of different solutions, properly distribute limited
resources and take risks and initiatives.

The environment in which a leader is put is important. In various contexts, different types
of leaders may be needed by the organizational culture, the economic and social set-up, the degree
of unionization and other variables. For example, a task-oriented leader may be more effective in
situations that are either very favorable or very unfavorable to him, whereas in intermediate
situations, a relationship-oriented leader may be more efficient. By applying their leadership
qualities, such as principles, values, ethics, character, experience and skills, leaders carry out this
process.
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:
✓ Determine the concept of leadership.
✓ Describe the different virtues as the foundation of leadership.
✓ Differentiate leadership from management.
✓ State and explain the traits, qualities, and characteristics of a leader.
✓ Differentiate and illustrate the kinds of leadership styles as practiced by leaders.
✓ Identify the factors that contribute to team development and effectiveness.
✓ Demonstrate and explain the characteristics of effective team leaders and members.
✓ Demonstrate the person involve in decision-making.

Topic 1: Concepts of Leadership

Learning Objectives
At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
✓ Define leader and leadership and explain the concept of leadership.
✓ Identify the traits, qualities, and characteristics of an effective leader.
✓ Determine and explain the three style of leadership.
✓ Differentiate transactional from transformational leadership.
✓ Describe servant leadership and identify the qualities of a servant leader.
Activating Prior Learning
Six Pictures in one word with a twist: Guess a word that best describe the pictures below.
Generate a short phrase or sentence that begins with each letter of that word offering important
information or key characteristics about the topic.
 Word Sentence/Phrase

Presentation of Contents

Some people are born with more natural abilities than others, the ability to lead is simply a
set of skills, almost all of which can be acquired and enhanced, but that process does not take place
overnight.

Leadership specialists Warren Bennis and Bure Nanus discovered the relationship between
development and leadership in a survey of ninety top leaders from a range of fields. "The ability
to develop and enhance their abilities is what distinguishes leaders from their supporters." Good
executives are learners. In addition, the process of learning is continuing, a product of diligence
and perseverance in the sect. Every day the aim must be to get a little better, to build on the success
of the previous day.
 Are you a leader or a manager? While you can hear these two words tossed out
interchangeably, they are in fact complemented by two very distinct positions. The current view
is that they are distinct terms, but they overlap greatly.

Leadership Management
Leaders are people who do the right thing Managers are people who do things right (Warren
Bennis)
Leadership is about coping with change Management is about coping with complexities
(John Kotter)
Leadership has about it a kinesthetic feel, a sense Management is about ‘handling’ things, about
of movement about it maintaining order, about organization and
control (Kouzes and Posner)
Leaders are concerned with what things mean to Managers are concerned about how things get
people done (Abraham Zaleznik)
Leaders are the architects Managers are the builders (Jhon Mariotti)
Focuses on the creation of a common vision Management is the design of work, it is about
controlling (George Weathersby)

Research Work.

Determine and explain the virtues that are considered as the foundation of leadership.

Identify the traits of leadership.

 Enumerate the qualities of a good leader.

List the characteristics of a leader.

The style of leadership is the reasonably stable conduct pattern that characterizes a leader.
The types of leaders include how they relate to others inside and outside the organization, how
they perceive themselves and their roles, and whether they are successful as leaders or not, to an
exceptionally large extent. How does a specific leader set out to get things finished if a mission
has to be accomplished? How does a chief treat it if an emergency arises? How does a chief treat
it if an emergency arises? How does a leader go about mobilizing it if the company wants the
community's support? All of these depend on the style of leadership.

In both the nature of the organization and its relationships with the society, the style of
leadership of an organization is reflected. In dealing with both colleagues and the group, if a leader
is suspicious and jealous of his authority, those in the organization are likely to act similarly. If a
leader is collaborative and responsive, she is likely to foster the same behaviors among members
and to collaborate with other organizations collaboratively.

The style of its leader describes an organization in many respects. The style of its leader
must be compatible with them if the company is to be true to its ideology and mission. An
autocratic leader can cause instability in a democratic organization. The purpose of its work could
be compromised by a leader concerned only with the bottom line in an organization founded on
the importance of human values.

Research Work.

Determine and explain the three style of leadership.

Differentiate democratic and participative leadership.

Determine the pros and cons of democratic leadership.

 Differentiate transactional from transformational Leadership.

Enumerate and explain the elements of transformational leadership.

Describe servant leadership and identify the qualities of a servant leader.

A leader must have power, the capacity or ability to influence decisions and manage
resources to exercise influence. Power is the capacity to affect others and to withstand others'
influence. It is a partnership between social actors in which "A" may get another "B" social actor
to do something that "B" would not have done otherwise.

Therefore, power is known as the willingness of those who have power to bring about the
results they want. The essential prerequisite of power is that one party insists that for something
of worth, he or she relies on the other. Successful leaders correctly use power and know when and
how to delegate and when to be directed. They know how to be advisors at the same time, giving
advice rather than issuing orders.

There are different sources of power including reward power, coercive power, legitimate power,
expert power and referent power.
1. Reward power:
People comply with the wishes of or directives of another because it produces
positive benefits; therefore, one who can distribute rewards that others view as
 valuable will have power over them. These rewards can be anything such as money,
promotions, interesting work assignments, friendly colleagues, important
information and preferred work shift or sales territory.

2. Coercive power:
It's a force that relies on fear. This is the authority to compel someone against his
or her will to do something. It is based on the implementation or threat of physical
penalties, such as the infliction of pain, the generation of agitation by restricting
movement, or the regulation of essential physiological or safety needs by force. It
involves withholding cash, dismissal, suspension or demote, etc. in organizations

3. Legitimate power:
This is influence arising from the structured organization's structural role. It reflects
the power an individual receives because of his or her place in an organization's
formal hierarchy. It requires the recognition of the organization’s authority by
representatives of an association. That which is invested in a position is legitimate
force.

4. Expert Power:
As a result of the experience, unique capacity, or knowledge that the leader has,
power is exercised. If a leader has the expertise and capacity that everyone else
wants, he has the influence of an expert. This is an extremely popular mode of
power and is the basis for a very large proportion of human cooperation, including
most industries where it is possible to conduct large and complex enterprises with
the concept of specialization.

5. Referent Power:

It grows out of another individual's respect and a desire to be like that individual.
If you respect someone to the extent that your actions and attitudes are modelled
after him or her, this individual has reference power over you. Referent influence
 explains why celebrities are paying millions of dollars to market promotional
goods.

Topic 2: Decision Making & Teamwork

Learning Objectives
At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
✓ Explain why decision making is considered as a duty of a leader.
✓ Define problem solving.
✓ Determine the different kinds of decision.
✓ Elaborate the different decision-making approaches.
✓ Determine the three different conditions in which decisions are made.
✓ Identify the steps in decision making.
✓ Determine the different challenges and difficulties experienced by a group or
organizations in making decisions.

Activating Prior Learning

Which do you prefer to work alone or to work as a team? Defend your answer.
 Presentation of Contents

Decision making has been described as one of every leader's key obligations. Decisions
may include the allocation of personnel, the appointment of staff, capital investments, the
implementation of new goods. Any preparation would obviously be unnecessary if resources such
as men, money, machinery, materials, time, and space were plentiful. Usually, however, resources
are limited and so there is a need to prepare. Decision making is a reaction to a circumstance that
needs a decision. It's a surrender. Decision making is a conscious and human process based on
factual and value premises involving both individual and social phenomena, which leads to the
selection of one behavioral activity from one or more alternatives with the intention of moving
towards some state of affairs. It means reducing the number of alternatives, understanding the
implications of each choice, and selecting the best of the alternatives available.

Problem solving is a method in which a distance between a current situation and a desired
target is viewed and overcome, with the route to the goal disrupted by known or unknown
obstacles. The condition is usually one that has not been experienced before, or where at least a
clear answer from previous experiences is not known. Decision-making, on the other hand, is a
selection process where one of two or more potential alternatives is selected to achieve a desired
purpose. The measures are remarkably similar in both problem solving and decision making.
Currently, often the words are used interchangeably.

Team means a group of two or more people who communicate with each other, consider

themselves to have similar common interests, and come together to perform certain tasks or are

brought together. It is pointless or meaningless to create a team if the groups are not included in

these variables. Teamwork can be described as people working together to do more than what

they can do on their own. A team is a community of individuals who work together to cooperate.

This cooperation is to accomplish a joint purpose or mission for which they are jointly responsible.
Research Work.

List the different kinds of decisions and explain.

Identify and explain the two categories or approaches of decisions.

Determine and elaborate the three different conditions in which decisions are made.

Identify and explain the steps in decision making.

Determine the different challenges and difficulties experienced by a group or organizations

in making decisions.
 A team is a group of people with a higher degree of interdependence aimed at achieving a

goal or completing a mission and it is not only an administrative convenience group. They are

people who have common experiences, have mutual influence, are psychologically conscious of

each other, regard themselves as a group/team, share leadership and decision-making, share work

and responsibility by doing several interdependent activities, assess the success of each other and

the group, incentives based on individual and group performance, and have mutual influence.

There is often a working team that is formed for a particular task or project by the company.

The work team consists of individuals (usually a small number) with complementary skills who

trust each other and are committed to a shared purpose, a set of performance targets and a strategy

for which they are collectively responsible. A real team is committed to working successfully

together to attain high efficiency.

Research Work.

Complete the table below.

Work groups Work teams

Goals

Synergy

Accountability

Skills
 Determine and explain the stages of team development.

Identify the characteristics of an effective teamwork

Feedback

Read and answer the following.

1. Which of the three leadership styles do you considered as most effective? Why?
2. What do you think are the characteristics of an effective and efficient team member?

3. Briefly describe the following concepts/terms:

a. Majority vote

b. Handclasp

c. Silent consensus

d. Clique

4. If you are involved in a decision-making process, in which classification of decision will

you belong to (the majority, the handclasp, the silent consensus, the clique)? Why?

5. Why teams sometimes fail?

 Reflection

1. From the list of traits of leadership that you answered in your activity, select the qualities
that describe yourself as a good leader.

2. Which of the characteristics you listed in your activity best describe you as a leader?

3. Which do you prefer, to be a leader or being a member? Why?

 References

https://www.metodes.lv/en/articles/group-dynamics-and-team-building
https://fluxes.com/blog/effective-teamwork/
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/decision-making-in-organizational-context.htm
https://online.csp.edu/blog/business/decision-making-process