TECHNICAL REPORT

on

SLOPE STABILIZATION FOR RATURISERA

LANDSLIDE FROM KM 108+045 TO CH
108+255 IN GANGOTRI - DHARASU NH 108,
UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND

1 EPC CONTRACTOR OASIS TECHNOCONS LIMITED.

DESIGN CIVILMANTRA INFRACON PRIVATE

2
CONSULTANT LIMITED

3 CLIENT BORDER ROADS ORGANIZATION

JANUARY 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1

2 TOPOGRAPHY AND LOCAL GEOLOGY ..................................................................... 2

3 ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION AND INFERENCES ................................................. 5

3.1. Topographical Survey ............................................................................................. 5

3.2. Geotechnical/Geological Investigation Details: ....................................................... 6

4 SELECTION CRITERIA................................................................................................. 7

4.1 Drainage Measures ................................................................................................ 7

4.2 Slope Stabilisation Measures and Erosion Control Measures ................................. 8

4.3 Slope Retention Measures ..................................................................................... 9

5 MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................. 9

6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................................................................... 11

6.1 Anchors/Nails ....................................................................................................... 11

6.1.1 Design considerations (Anchoring) ................................................................ 11

6.1.2 Design methodology (Anchoring) ................................................................... 12

6.1.3 Design tool (Anchoring) ................................................................................. 12

6.1.4 Design summery (Anchoring) ......................................................................... 12

7 REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES ........................................................................... 13

7.1 Design Considerations (Reinforced Soil Structures) ............................................. 13

7.1.1 Design Methodology (Reinforced Soil Structures) .......................................... 14

7.1.2 Design Tool (Reinforced Soil Structures) ....................................................... 20

7.1.3 Design Summary (Reinforced Soil Structures/Gabion wall) ............................ 20

8 PRODUCT DETAILS ................................................................................................... 21

8.1 Anchoring with flexible Mesh systems .................................................................. 21

 8.1.1 Self-drilling anchor (SDA)............................................................................... 21

8.1.2 3D Geosynthetic Mat ..................................................................................... 22

8.1.3 Reinforced High Tensile Steel Wire Mesh ...................................................... 22

8.2 Reinforced Soil Wall System using Gabion facia with Mechanical connection ...... 23

8.3 Gabion Retaining Wall .......................................................................................... 25

8.4 Gabion Mattress ................................................................................................... 26

8.5 Non-woven Geotextile .......................................................................................... 27

8.6 Geocell ................................................................................................................. 28

8.7 Drainage Measures .............................................................................................. 29

8.7.1 Subsurface Drainage Pipes ........................................................................... 29

9 RELEVANT STANDARDS AND CODES .................................................................... 30

9.1 Design .................................................................................................................. 30

ANNEXURE – I : ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION DETAILS

ANNEXURE – II : ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
ANNEXURE – III : TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
ANNEXURE – IV : DRAWINGS
ANNEXURE – V : TENTATIVE BUDGETRY ESTIMATE
1 INTRODUCTION
Landslides are the very common and frequent natural phenomenon in Uttarakhand during
monsoon season. Heavy rainfall and Cloudburst are most common events which triggers the
landslide in the region. One slide have been developed on NH-34 at KM 108+045 to KM
108+255 which is about 210m in length. The site is located at Raturisera near Matli in

The landslide portion has the height of around 50-80m approx. at Hill side and 25-30m at
valley side, the stretch of almost 210m approx. Tension cracks has been developed at the
crest due to sliding and it is getting wider day by day. A road and hill toe wall has been
constructed which is damaged due to landslide at a certain location. Nearby area is covered
by thick vegetation. The underlain rock type in the area is buff coloured quartzite and slightly
greenish phyllite which are shattered and fractured. The attitude of the rocks is highly
variable, indicating that the area has been subjected to intense deformations due to tectonic
activity. Rocks are covered with thick overburden of debris and slope wash materials of
varying depth of 1m to 5m. Debris slope seems to be unstable and are very loose on the
slope surface. Exposure of phyllitic schist rock is noted along the right bank of Bhagirathi
River. The scope of this design report is to provide proposal to address the global stability of
the overall slope (above and below the road), road retention, local slope protection, river
training works and toe stabilisation measures.

Landslide mitigation measures are prescribed with the goal of lessening the effect of the
landslide events and can never be completely eliminating the eminent risk. Landslides and
associated sinking are triggered by multiple, sometime concurrent causes. In addition to
surface instability due to excessive weathering or reduction of shear strength caused by
seasonal rainfall, landslide may be triggered by anthropic activities, such as changing the
topography due to excavation or dumping. Often, individual phenomena join together to
generate instability over time, and do not allow a reconstruction of the evolution of a
particular incident. While exact forensics are not possible, efforts to establish possible
causes would help selecting appropriate measures for stabilization. Like the causes the
correction methods are also used in isolation or in combination to get the best effect.

With large variations in Geologic formations, topography, sub surface water flows, extent of
weathering and surface disintegration, limitations on extent of observations and qualitative
geotechnical investigations, the design and construction details are aimed at reducing the
risk of landslide in the areas under consideration. A complete prevention or avoidance of
landslide and sinking incidences is not viable.
1
2 TOPOGRAPHY AND LOCAL GEOLOGY
The area exhibits an undulating and dissected topography with rugged terrain. The landform
in the area is structural and denudational in nature. Surface of hill slopes are mostly made up
of debris deposit and vegetation cover as seen in the picture. Satellite image is shown here
the locations of slide and geomorphological features of the area. Area is very prone to
landslides due to the nature of loose overburden and fractured/weathered rocks present over
slopes in region.

Figure 1: Google earth imagery showing the location of Raturisera Landslide

Figure 2: Far view of overall landslide area

2
 Figure 3: Rock outcrop at hill side near CH 108+200

Figure 4: Hill side sliding and collection of debris at road

3
Figure 5: Valley side sliding and accumulation of debris over slope

Figure 6: Tension cracks at crest

4
3 ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION AND INFERENCES
3.1. Topographical Survey

After experts site visit, a topographical survey of the slide area was carried out along the
existing road in a length of about 210 m. The slope of the landslide surface is in the
range of 35 to 55 deg. (Refer annexure I for details). Survey plan along with geological
cross section of section at CH 108+100 is shown below:

Figure 7: Contour plan of the slide location

Figure 8: Geological section at CH 108+100

5
3.2. Geotechnical/Geological Investigation Details:

Geological section indicates that the slope is having 2 types of strata, overburden and rocky
strata. The depth of the rock is assumed to be 5-6m approx. Geotechnical investigation was
also done to get the soil parameters of the existing slope (Refer Annexure 1: Geotechnical
investigation report). Bore log details present in geotechnical report also indicates that the
slope is having two types of strata. Top overburden strata are mixture of boulders, Silt and
clay and bottom rock is quartzite and slightly greenish phyllite which are shattered and
fractured.

Refer Annexure-I for Engineering Investigation details

History of Landslide:

The landslide of this area has been initiated after flash flood in 2013. Due to meandering of
the river, toe has been weakened and gradual reduction of strength parameters of soil lead
to sliding the overall area. A subsidence/failure of slopes in that location had been observed
from 2013. Below are the satellite images of affected area before and after 2013 flash flood.
Meandering effect can also visualize from below images.

During the assessment it is observed that excessive water saturation particularly during the
monsoon season reduces the shear strength parameters of the overburden debris
comprising of slit/clay. The fines present in the debris material drain out rapidly, making the
slope unstable.

Figure 9: Google earth imagery of Raturisera area before flash flood in 2013

6
 Meandering of river

Figure 10: Google earth imagery of Raturisera area after flash flood in 2013

4 SELECTION CRITERIA
The problems identified at sliding zone are slope instability, erosion, improper drainage, toe
erosion, road widening. The major landslide measures shall include drainage measures,
slope stabilisation measures above and below road, erosion control measures, retention
measures and river training works.

4.1 Drainage Measures

One of the main reason of sliding/instability identified as per the site observations and other
studies is the improper drainage at site and pressence of exposed overburden strata over
the slope surface. During rainfall, pore water pressure increases in the soil strara which
destabilizing the slope and caused slide. Suitable surface and sub-surface drianage network
shall be required to address this issue.

The sub-surface drainage measures shall include sub-horizontal drainage pipes over the
slope at suitable locations identified at site. These can be of perforated pipes (approx. 51mm
internal diameter) wrapped with non woven geotextile. Non woven geotextile is for acting as
filter media to prevent clogging of perforations on the drainage pipes by passage of fines.
Self drilling type drainage pipes are preferred here as the strata is collapsible.

The surface drainage measures shall include lined open drains in the forms of drians along
the slopes (catch drains in suitable intervals) and across the slopes (along the affected area).

The sub-surface drainage measures for reinforced soil (for retention) shall be provided in the
form of drainage composite, longitudinal drainage pipes and lateral drainage pipes
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(perforated PVC pipes (approx. 160mm internal diameter) wrapped with non-woven
geotextile). The surface/berm/ toe drains shall be provided along the retention system.

4.2 Slope Stabilisation Measures and Erosion Control Measures

Slope stabilisation measures are required to be provided on the slope above and below the
road. The different options available for mitigating slope stabilisation measures associated
with a landslide zone are earth works (excavations near scarp/crown of landslide and filling
near the toe of the landslide), Buttress fills, retaining walls (Gravity Walls, Reinforced soil
walls/slope, and Soil Nailing/ Ground Anchors), Reinforcing Piles etc. Retaining walls options
are Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) wall, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) wall, Random
Rubble Masonry (RRM) wall, Reinforced soil structure, Gabion wall etc.

Buttress fill (as counterweight or counter berm) may be considered as one of the options
which will need large quantum of fill material.

Flexible structures such as reinforced soil systems can be considered for road retention,
Gabion walls are proposed for toe protection at hill side as well as valley side in landslide
zone and RRM wall are proposed as toe protection at hill side for other than landslide
locations.

Since there are space constraints on hill side and valley side, anchoring (soil nailing) is
proposed. The soil anchors shall function as passive mitigation measure to address global
instability.

The facia system for anchoring can be of rigid facia (shotcrete) or flexible facia (steel wire
mesh, 3D Geosynthetic mat or Gabion). The selection of the facia was done taking into
account the project requirements and location. Shotcrete facia does not allow for effective
drainage of the strata even after providing weep holes. Also it is very difficult to properly
execute the shotcreting operation on high slopes. Shotcreting activity would need a clear
slope surface with complete removal of vegetaion in the area of application.
Considering the terrain and location of project, it has been proposed to provide flexible facia
(steel wire mesh, 3D Geosynthetic mat or Gabion) for the exposed slope surface. This shall
also allow for free drainage from the insitu strata. Where slope surface is comprising of soil/
soil mixed boulder stratum/weathered rock stratum, which are susciptable to
weathering/erosion, 3D Geosynthetic mat can be considered as erosion control mat. The
erosion control mat shall be adopted along with suitable bio-engineering measures to

8
 facilitate establishemnt of vegetation. Hydroseeding/Mulching are recommended here as the
suitable solution of bioengineering considering the application area, ease of application, etc.
Anchoring system with flexible facia (for exposed slope surface) and raster of nails/anchors
is the most applicable solution here along with local trimming/ scaling off.
Geocell is also the very effective solution as an erosion control measure for slope less than
45 deg. and strata is very loose.
Loose scaling the complete slope surface is not feasible from environmental, construction
and applicability point of views. However, it is recommendable to do loose scaling/trimming
in isolated patches of unstable blocks or steep profile, which can be scaled off/ trimmed off
because of high cost of probable intervention, otherwise.

4.3 Slope Retention Measures

Different types of solutions like PCC wall, RCC wall, Masonry wall, Gabion walls, Reinforced
Soil strutures are available as road side retention measures.

As cited in section 4.2, flexible structures Gabion walls, Reinforced Soil structure are
considered here as soil retention system.
Reinforced soil wall with Gabion facia is poposed for road retention. Gabion wall is proposed
at toe of hill as well as valley side.

5 MITIGATION MEASURES
Following measures in Table 1 are proposed based on current understanding of site
condition which may be selected and adopted as per site requirement and depending
on techno-economic feasibility by a judicious assessment of risk probability and
maintenance costs:

Table 1: Proposed solutions

Mitigation
Solution proposed
Measure
• Surface drains-lined open drains in the form of catch drains and drains at
crest, toe and other drains along the stretch length, surface/berm/ toe
drains along the reinforced soil systems
• Sub-surface drains: 51mm dia perforated sub-horizontal drainage pipes
Drainage (preferably self-drilling type) wrapped with non-woven geotextile radially
proposed on the slope.
• Sub-surface drain 51 mm dia., wrapped with non-woven geotextile
proposed on RCC Jacketing, RRM wall.
• The sub-surface drainage measures for reinforced soil (for retention) in

9
 Mitigation
Solution proposed
Measure
the form of drainage composite, longitudinal drainage pipes and lateral
drainage pipes (perforated PVC pipes (approx. 160mm internal diameter)
wrapped with non-woven geotextile)
• 5m high gabion toe wall at the hill side for 125m stretch in landslide zone.
• 3m high RRM toe wall at hill side for 65m stretch
• Nailed Gabion up to 10m height at valley side for 35m stretch.
Slope
• 38mm dia., self- drilling anchors for above and below the road for slope
stabilisation,
stability.
and erosion
control • flexible facia (High tensile steel wire net/3D Geosynthetic
Mat/CoirMat/Gabion +Hydroseeding for instable slope surface.
• Geocell (200x356) for erosion control at above and below the road for
slope angle <=45 deg.
• 10m high Reinforced soil wall with Gabion facia system.
• 5m high Gabion wall at toe of valley side as a river training wall.
Road-side • 5m hight and 8m long Groynes @ 25m c/c in longitudinal direction.
retention and • 8m long launching apron for scour protection of Groynes.
River training
• 3m depth RCC cut off wall for scour protection of river side toe Gabion
works
wall.
• 0.5m thick RCC jacketing in front of river side Gabion wall for impact of big
boulders.

Notes:
• Periodic maintenance of proposed mitigation system and drains shall be done, which is
required for efficient working for the system and to check for clogging of drains.
• The drain arrangement has to be provided at suitable gradient and should be connected
to the main drains as per site conditions to ensure perfect drainage.
• Proper drainage arrangements should be made to ensure sufficient water collection
points at regular intervals. This is to ensure reduction in seepage by diverting surface
run-off to the main drains. Location of drains shall be finalised based on the site
topography and feasibility.
• Periodic maintenance, inspection and minor repairs shall be carried out after each
rockfall/Sliding event by clearing off the debris collected within the draped mesh (in
client’s scope). All connections shall be checked periodically (approx. every 6 months).
This shall aid in continued effective working of the system.
• The diversion/ discharge measures at mattress end cross-drainage works (culverts) near
road shall be taken up additionally.
The drawings, technical specifications and bill of quantities are included in Annexures
III, V, VI.
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6 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
6.1 Anchors/Nails

6.1.1 Design considerations (Anchoring)

From the geological study of the area (Annexure-I), it is observed that the insitu strata
consists of two different layers (i.e., Overburden strata (boulder/silty/clay) and insitu-rocky
strata (Quartzite). Properties of different strata and supports (passive anchors) considered
based on back analysis done for overburden strata and Roclab analysis done for Rocky
strata in the design are mentioned below:

Table 2: Properties of Insitu Strata Layers

Sl. Cohesion Friction angle Unit Weight

Fill Type *Source
No. (kN/m2) (degrees) (kN/m3)

Back
1 Overburden 20 32 19
analysis

2 Rocky strata 180 30 26 RocLab

*Refer annexure II for details

1. Loading:
Traffic Load (TL): 24.0 kPa (IRC: 6, section-214)
Seismic Co-efficient: (Zone V)
Horizontal Co-efficient = 0.18
Vertical Coefficient = 0.12

2. Support Properties

SDA (self- Drilling Anchor) Tensile capacity – 400 kN (considering 38 mm dia anchor),

Plate capacity – 5 kN,

Diameter of drill hole – 76 mm

Bond strength considered:

• Between nail and overburden = 17 kN/m

• Between nail and Rock = 26 kN/m

Note: HFL is consider 5m above the river bed level for the design

11
Topographical survey (refer details in annexure I) was done at site and section (CH 108+120
and CH 108+170) is considered for the analysis.

NOTES:-
• All the design considerations have to be strictly verified at the site by the
contractor during the execution stage, after the loose scaling activities. In case
of any deviation, the design shall be verified by consultant with new design
considerations.

6.1.2 Design methodology (Anchoring)

Considering the behavior of anchors, the anchor calculation must assume the unstable
portion of the slope lies in condition of limit equilibrium, where the safety factor is equal to
1.05 in case of seismic loadings and 1.30 in static condition. Since excavation shall be
required at the toe of slope to construct a reinforced soil wall, hence in addition to seismic
and static cases, another case was analyzed on the software in static case where only
cutting is being shown on the slope.

6.1.3 Design tool (Anchoring)

The analysis of nailed slope with Flexible fascia and Global stability for overall slope has
been carried out using software – ‘SLIDE’ of Rocscience Inc., USA. SLIDE is a 2D slope
stability program for evaluating the stability of circular or non-circular failure surfaces in soil
or rock slopes. External loading, groundwater and support can all be modeled in a variety of
ways. SLIDE analyzes the stability of slip surfaces using vertical slice limit equilibrium
methods. Individual slip surfaces can be analyzed, or search methods can be applied to
locate the critical slip surface for a given slope.

6.1.4 Design summery (Anchoring)

Two set of analyses were done -1) Global stability at CH 108+120 (applicable from CH
108+045 to CH 108+170)-Landslide zone 2) Global stability at CH 108+170 (applicable from
CH 108+170 to CH 108+255. The design Summary of factor of safety (FOS) achieved for
both sets are is shown in table below:

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 Table 3: Summary of FOS achieved in SLIDE analysis

Sl. Seismic/Static Achieved

Slope Required FOS
No. Case FOS
1.05 (as per section
7.4 of WSDOT-
1 Seismic Case 1.08
Geotechnical Design
Manual)
CH 108+120
1.3(as per section 4.7
of IRC-HRB Special
2 Static Case 1.47
report 15-Landlside
correction techniques)
1.05 (as per section
3 7.4 of WSDOT-
Seismic Case 1.17
Geotechnical Design
CH 108+170 Manual)
1.3(as per section 4.7
of IRC-HRB Special
4 Static Case 1.48
report 15-Landlside
correction techniques)

7 REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES

7.1 Design Considerations (Reinforced Soil Structures)

1. Strata Properties and loading:

The in-situ strata properties and loading as mentioned in section 6.1.1 are considered for the
design of reinforced soil wall structures.
The structural soil (reinforced fill) is considered to have the following soil properties
conforming to MORTH -section 3100 and as below:
Cohesion [kN/m²] : 0.00

Friction Angle [°] : 30.00

Bulk Unit weight [kN/m³] : 18.00

The backfill is considered to have the following soil properties:

Cohesion [kN/m²] : 0.00

Friction Angle [°] : 30.00

Bulk Unit weight [kN/m³] : 18.00

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 2. The designs are checked for following conditions:
i) Static + Traffic load (TL)
ii) Seismic + Traffic load (TL)

3. Design Sections:
The preliminary stability checks on the reinforced soil structures are carried out for
Section at CH 108+120. (Refer Annexure-II for Analysis Report)

4. Reference Standard:
The designs are done in accordance with BS 8006-1:2010+A1 2016 – Code of practice
for strengthened / reinforced soil and other fills for static case and FHWA standards for
seismic case. The structure category is considered as 3 (High) and design temperature is
considered as 20oc.

7.1.1 Design Methodology (Reinforced Soil Structures)

The design of Reinforced Soil Structure is based on the recommendations given in BS:
8006-1 which is accepted in India as well as widely accepted over the world. Reinforced soil
structures shall be designed for seismic as well as static cases, since BS: 8006-1
methodology does not give any procedure on seismic design hence FHWA-NHI-00-043 is
followed for seismic design.

Figure 18 of BS: 8006 describes the design procedures for Reinforced soil structure
according to which structure should be checked for:

1. External Stability
a. Sliding along the base
b. Bearing failure
c. Overturning failure
d. Global slip surface stability
2. Internal Stability
a. Rupture of reinforcement
b. Pullout of reinforcement
Sliding along the base
The total horizontal pressure due to backfill and the loads coming over backfill should be
stabilized by the friction between bottom layer of reinforcement and the foundation soil. This
will govern the length of bottom layer of reinforcement. (Clause 6.5.3 of BS: 8006-1)

14
 Figure 11- Sliding along the base

The resistance to movement should be based upon the properties of either the subsoil or
the reinforced fill, whichever is the weaker, and consideration should be given to sliding
between subsoil and reinforcement layers used at the base of the structure using the
following method.

The sliding stability where there is soil-to-soil contact at the base of the structure;

The sliding stability where there is reinforcement-to-soil contact at the base of the structure

• Rh is the horizontal factored disturbing force

• Rv is the vertical factored resultant force
• Φ’p is the peak angle of shearing resistance
• c’ is the cohesion of the soil under
• L is the effective base width for sliding;
• fms is the partial materials factor applied to tan Φ’p, c’
• fs is the partial factor against base sliding;
• a’ is the interaction coefficient relating soil/reinforcement bond angle with tan Φ’p;
• a’bc is the adhesion coefficient relating soil cohesion to soil/reinforcement bond.

15
Bearing failure
The bearing capacity of foundation soil should be large enough to prevent any foundation
failure of the structure. Ultimate bearing capacity will govern the embedment depth and
length of bottom most layer of reinforcement. (Clause 6.5.2 of BS: 8006-1)
qult=c Nc sc + q Nqsq + 0.5ϒ B' Nϒ sg W'

qall = qult / FS

e=L/2- (MR @ toe-Mo)/Rv

qr = RV/(L-2e)

=qult/fms + ϒf*Demb

FOSBC= qf.ult / qr

where

• qr is the factored bearing pressure acting on the base of the wall;

• Rv is the resultant of all factored vertical load components (load factors from Table 12
and Table 13 of BS: 8006-1 as applicable to each load case);
• L is the reinforcement length at the base of the wall;
• e is the eccentricity of resultant load Rv about the centre line of the base of width L.

Overturning Failure
The resisting moment produced by the self weight of the structure should be large enough to
resist the overturning moment produced by lateral pressure. This will again govern the length
of bottom most layer of reinforcement. (Clause 6.5 of BS: 8006-1)

Figure 12- Overturning Failure

FOSOT= MR / MO

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Global slip surface stability
The structure should not fail as a whole due to global slip surface. Various slip circle analysis
needs to be done to ensure the global stability of the structure (Clause 6.5.6 of BS: 8006-1).
The global slip circle analysis is done both for static and seismic case based on Bishop’s
Method.

This method will adopt as first hypothesis the circular failure surface; moreover, it considers
the results of the forces to be perpendicular to the slice lateral surface (Xi + Xi+i =0). Using
that hypothesis, it is possible to obtain a number of unknown equal to the equation one (3n
equations in 3n unknowns).

By solving the system, you will obtain a safety factor given by the relation between the
results of the stabilising moments and the results of the unstabilising ones, in this form:

FS= Σ Mstab / Σ Munstab

Given the high number of uncertainties, each method has semplificative hypothesis which
make solvable the system, and these hypotheses make the difference between the methods.
Here follows schematically the action of a single slice.

To solve the system three static equation are available for each slice (vertical and horizontal
displacement equilibrium) so for n slices you will have 3n linearly independent equations.

Figure 13- Free-body diagram of Slice

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Internal stability
For extensible reinforcements like geogrids and geosynthetic strip tie back wedge method as
given in clause 6.6.3 of BS: 8006-1 is followed.

Rupture of reinforcement
The lateral pressure produced by backfill in any layer of reinforcement shall be resisted by
the tensile strength of reinforcement. This will govern the grade i.e. tensile strength of
reinforcement. (Clause 6.6.3.2.2(a) of BS: 8006-1)

a) Rupture. The tensile strength of the jth layer of reinforcing elements needed to satisfy local
stability considerations is:

Where,

Tj is the Ultimate Limit state tensile force to be resisted by j th layer of reinforcement at hj

TD is the design strength of the reinforcement calculated

fn is the partial factor for economic ramifications of failure,

Pullout of Reinforcement

The length of each layer of reinforcement should be enough to resist the lateral earth
pressure produced by backfill. (Clause 6.6.3.2(b) of BS: 8006-1).

Adherence: The perimeter Pj, of the jth layer of reinforcing,

where

Pj is the total horizontal width of the top and bottom faces of the reinforcing element at the jth
layer, per metre “run”;

Tj is the Ultimate Limit state tensile force to be resisted by j th layer of reinforcement at hj

ffs is the partial load factor applied to soil self-weight taken from the same load combination
as Tj, (Table 11, BS 8006, Chapter 6)

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ff is the partial load factor applied to surcharge dead loads taken from the same load
combination as Tj,; (Table 11, BS 8006, Chapter 6)

m is the coefficient of friction between the fill and reinforcing elements;

Lej is the length of reinforcement in the resistant zone outside failure wedge, at the jth layer of
reinforcements, (Figure 31, BS 8006, Chapter 6-Given below)

ws is the surcharge due to dead loads only;

fp is the partial factor for reinforcement pull-out resistance, (Table 11, BS 8006, Chapter 6)

fn is the partial factor applied to economic ramifications of failure, (Table 9, BS 8006,

Chapter 5)

a’bc is the adhesion coefficient between the soil and the reinforcement;

c’ is the cohesion of the soil measured under effective stress conditions;

fms is the partial material factor applied to c’(Table 11, BS 8006, Chapter 6)

Figure 14- Extract from BS:8006

Seismic Design

All the static checks have been done by the methods as described in the previous section.
Seismic analysis has been carried out as per FHWA-NHI-00-043. In seismic case, in addition
19
to active earth pressure horizontal inertia force (P IR) and seismic thrust (PAE) is also taken
into account for the stability check described above. PIR & PAE are calculated as per clause
4.2 (h) of FHWA-NHI-00-043. The project lies in seismic zone V according to IS: 1893 (Part
1): 2016 and seismic coefficients has been considered as 0.18 and 0.12 as horizontal and
vertical coefficients respectively.

7.1.2 Design Tool (Reinforced Soil Structures)

The stability checks are executed by means of a proprietary software to check the stability of
reinforced soils and allows the user to conduct the stability checks of different possible failure
mechanisms using the Limit Equilibrium Method. (Refer Annexure-II for details.)

7.1.3 Design Summary (Reinforced Soil Structures/Gabion wall)

Summary of Factor of Safety (FOS) achieved for bottom reinforced soil wall below road A
and gabion wall below road B for seismic case and static case is shown in tables below:

Table 4: Factor of safety achieved (Reinforced soil structure)

Achieved
S. No. Loading Condition Stability Check Targeted FOS * FOS

1 Seismic + TL Global Stability 1 1.54

2 Seismic + TL Internal Stability 1.125 1.26

3 Static + TL Global Stability 1 2.16

4 Static + TL Internal Stability 1.125 1.70

*The static case factor of safety (FOS) is as per BS: 8006-part-1 and seismic case is based
as per FHWA-NHI-00-043.

Table 5: Factor of safety achieved (Gabion wall)

Achieved
S. No. Loading Condition Stability Check Targeted FOS#
FOS

1 Seismic Global Stability 1.1 2.32

2 Static Global Stability 1.3 2.86

#The static case and seismic case factors of safety (FOS) are as per section 6.8 of IRC:
SP:116

20
8 PRODUCT DETAILS
8.1 Anchoring with flexible Mesh systems

8.1.1 Self-drilling anchor (SDA)

The Self Drilling Anchors are commonly use system for rock mass stabilization, especially in
cut slope stabilization applications like in tunnelling, mining and road infrastructure industries.
Soil nailing is typically used to stabilise existing slope or excavation. These anchors are
typically drilled or installed at 10 to 20 degree with horizontal and primarily subjected to
tensile stresses.

In case of difficult installation conditions (insitu strata comprising of soil / soil +rock boulders
/collapsible strata), self-drilling anchors are used. It consists of hollow anchor bars, sacrificial
drill bits, couplers, anchor plate and bolt. They can also be used for cortical strengthening in
inaccessible terrain where drilling operations are difficult and use of regular bars would be
time consuming and difficult.

The self-drilling anchor system is comprised of a hollow threaded bar with an attached drill
bit that performs drilling, anchoring and grouting in a single operation. The hollow bar allows
air and water to freely pass through the bar during drilling to remove debris and then allow
grout to be injected immediately after drilling is completed. Alternatively, grout can be
injected during drilling operation itself.

Grout is pumped through the hollow bar, which exits through the nail bottom at drill bit and
fills up the entire drill hole length. Couplers can be used to join hollow bars and extend the
bolt length while nuts and plates are secure the anchor at slope face.

Figure 15: Typical figure of Self drilling anchors connected with coupler
21
8.1.2 3D Geosynthetic Mat

The 3-Dimensional geosynthetic mat consists of UV stabilized non-degradable polypropylene

fibers that are heat bonded at the contact points to provide a dimensionally stable matrix for
soil erosion protection.

Figure 16: 3D Geosynthetic Mat

Main features:
• Provides immediate erosion protection from rainfall runoff, encourages re-vegetation of
the soil slope and provides root reinforcement.
• Provides immediate protection of exposed areas from direct effect of winds and rainfall.
• Reduces the velocity and volume of runoff flow by increasing water percolation into the
soil.
• Recommended in Section 700 of MORTH (Refer Tables 700-13 & 700-14) and IRC
HRB Special Report – 23, clause 5.4.
• Speedy and Efficient Installation.
• More life time.

8.1.3 Reinforced High Tensile Steel Wire Mesh

Reinforced high tensile steel wire mesh is a flexible system for slope stabilization and
protection using flexible membranes, more efficient and economical compared to traditional
single twist mesh without reinforcement. The mesh is reinforced with ropes in horizontal
direction with the help of Spike plates. High tensile steel wire mesh of Rhomboidal shape
(mesh opening100X146) with diameter of inscribed circle 75mm, tensile strength 900N/mm2,
Punching strength over the mesh according to ISO 17746:2016 is 160 kN, Tensile strength
of mesh in the main direction is 100kN/m with wire dia 3.4mm, Galvanized with coating
thickness 265g/m2 and twisted at the ends. Border/Reinforcement rope diameter 10/12mm
with minimum breaking load 63.0/90.7kN, 6x19S+IWRC, according to EN 12385-4, Tensile
strength of single wire > 1770 N/mm² EN 10264-2, Wire finish Galvanized according to EN
10244-2 CLASS B. all accessories such as clips according to EN 13411-5.

22
 Figure 17: Reinforced high tensile steel wire mesh

8.2 Reinforced Soil Wall System using Gabion facia with Mechanical connection

Composite soil reinforcement wall system combines uniaxial geogrid as primary soil
reinforcement and Gabion facia unit with mechanical connection. Structure consisting of an
external face with double twist mesh panel, polymer coated. They are specially designed for
sites and situations where it is necessary to reconstitute the soil mass and where filling
stone is scarce or expensive to obtain.
These structures demand special care with installation, mainly with respect to the foundation
and with settlement of embankment across to the stone face, and they are especially
suitable for works with large embankment movements.

Solution Components:

Connection between Gabion Fascia and Geogrid

1. This connection system involves provision of steel rod within the gabion to form a bodkin
joint of geogrid. The given system is active type of connection system and is constructed
as follows.

23
a. Geogrid shall be placed over the bed prepared with min 1m overhanging length to wrap
the connection rod.
b. Gabion box shall be placed at the location indicated in drawings and steel rod shall be
inserted through the length of the gabion at the front edge.
c. The Geogrid shall then be wrapped back around the rod forming a Bodkin connection
between upper gabion and geogrid.
d. Gabion unit shall be then filled as per the fill material indicated in drawings

2. Active type of geogrid to rod connection system are preferable for Reinforced Soil
Structures in high seismic zones.
3. The connection system shall be checked (at reputable institutions like IIT etc.,) and the
test results shall be furnished before commencement of works.

Figure 18: Reinforced Soil Structure Connection system

Uniaxial Geogrid:

Uniaxial knitted polyester geogrids with a protective polymeric coating engineered for
demanding soil reinforcement applications. Geogrid is manufactured from select grades of
high tenacity polyester yarn with molecular weight more than 25,000 and carboxyl end
groups less than 30 to ensure high strength, low creep and excellent durability. The yarns
are formed into a dimensionally stable grid structure with uniform apertures, using an
advanced weft insertion warp knitting process which is then given a tough and durable
polymeric coating as shown in Figure 19 to enhance dimensional stability, resistance to
installation damage and durability.

24
 Figure 19: Close-up view of Geogrid

8.3 Gabion Retaining Wall

Gabion wall is made up of mechanically woven heavily galvanised steel gabions. Gabions
are rectangular cages made of hexagonal double-twist (DT) wire mesh filled with
appropriately sizes cobbles or quarry stones. In order to reinforce the structure, all edges
are selvedge with a wire having greater diameter. The gabion is divided into cells by
means of diaphragms positioned at 1 m centres. The Zn+ polymer coated steel gabions
are of mesh type 10x12 with mesh wire diameter 2.7mm (refer fig: 20 & 21).

Figure 20: Gabion Unit

The Gabion comprises of the following main components:

1. The DT wire mesh is a non ravelling mesh made up of a set of continuous steel
wires, wherein adjacent pair of wires is twisted through two and half turns and
hexagonal shaped openings are formed by weaving process.
25
 2. A Selvedge wire is used to edge the wire mesh perpendicular to the double twist
by mechanically wrapping the mesh wires around it at least 2.5 times.

3. An Edge wire of the same diameter as the selvedge wire is used to edge the wire
mesh parallel to the double twist by continuously weaving it mechanically into the
wire mesh.

4. A Lacing wire is used to assemble and interconnect empty units, to close and
secure stone-filled units, and for internal stiffeners. The same wire is used as
Stiffener for support of facing by connecting the front panel to the back panel of a
gabion.

Figure 21: Components of a Gabion

The Gabion is manufactured with all components mechanically connected at the production
facility. The external face and top lid are made from the same mesh. The ends, back, and
diaphragm are connected to the base at the installation site. All perimeter edges of the mesh
forming the basket are selvedge with wire having a larger diameter.

The Gabions are supplied to project site from factory with its components folded flat,
collapsed and packed in bundles.

8.4 Gabion Mattress

Gabion mattress are the rectangular cages made of hexagonal double-twist wire mesh (as
per IS 16014:2018) filled with appropriately sizes cobbles or quarry stones. The difference
between the Gabion unit and Gabion Mattress is in their thickness. The thickness of Gabion
mattress is 0.3m. In order to reinforce/retain the structure and reduce the surface erosion, all
edges are selvedge with a wire having greater diameter. The gabion is divided into cells by
means of diaphragms positioned at 1 m centres. The Gabion mattress has the tendency to

26
sustain wear and tear due to high flow velocity during monsoons and hence protect the
surface erosion at the toe of the wall.

Figure 22: Typical representation of the Gabion Mattress

8.5 Non-woven Geotextile

Non-Woven Geotextile shall be placed behind the Gabion units as separator between the
units and insitu strata. It shall be mechanically bonded non-woven geotextile and made of
virgin high tenacity polypropylene or polyester staple fibers which are UV stabilized. They are
characterized by a high resistance to installation damage, high water permeability, resistance
to ultra violet degradation and to biological and chemical environments.

Figure 23: Non-woven Geotextile

Stone Filling / Rock: Rocks (as shown in figure 24) for filling in Gabion units, Gabion facia
units and Gabion Mattress, should be obtained by any suitable quarrying method. Rocks
should be hard, angular to round, durable and of such quality that they do not lose their
integrity on exposure to water or weathering during the life of the structure. Typically, basalt,
27
granite and hard sandstones shall be used. The most appropriate size for stone varies from
1.5 to 2 times dimension D of the mesh, i.e. the stone should be large enough to prevent its
escape through mesh. The size of the rocks should range between 150 and 250 mm for
mesh size of 10X12mm. Based on the below given properties the filling material needs to be
selected.

1. Minimum Density ≥ 22- 26kN/m3

2. Maximum porosity 35 %
3. Maximum Water Absorption < 5%

Figure 24: Random mixed rocks supplied from quarry

Backfill soil / Structural fill: The soil used as structural fill should be free draining
a n d w e l l g r a d e d granular fill with percent of fines passing 75-micron sieve not
greater than 15%. The maximum particle size in the structural fill shall not be more than
40 mm. The top clayey soil in the borrow area, if any, shall be removed and stacked
separately.

8.6 Geocell

Geocell is the cellular confinement system created, indigenously manufactured and made
from High Density Polyethylene stabilized with carbon black which has higher tensile
strength and stiffness.
Geocell is expanded on-site to form a honeycomb like structure, which is in filled with
granular infill which creates unique cellular confinement system.

28
• Advantages of Geocell Confinement:
• Once expanded to its maximum extension and filled in with gravel the Geocell becomes
inextensible and monolithic, providing an effective means of confinement for
unconsolidated materials lying within single cells and preventing their movement even on
steep slopes, or also from substantial dragging forces such as those exerted by sheet
runoff.
• Reduces runoff and sediment transport by confining soils within geocells. Cells are
hydraulically interconnected and the system attains good permeability, facilitates the
absorption of water during precipitation, diminishes surface runoff and consequently
erosion.
• Vegetative geocell slope protection can tolerate more intense sheet-flow conditions than
existing slope. The cell walls prevent channelling that could otherwise develop within the
cover layer by limiting localized flow concentrations and increasing hydraulic shear
stresses.
• Compared to conventional stone pitching/ gravel fill required lesser thickness of overall
infill filled thereby making the system economical.
• Maintenance in terms of washing out of Infill material and embankment soil shall be
reduced due to cellular confinement system of geocell.
• Confinement of Infill Material within Geocell permits their use on steeper slopes compared
to conventional measures.

8.7 Drainage Measures

8.7.1 Subsurface Drainage Pipes

The sub-surface drains shall realize with PVC tubes/pipes with micro-holes, inserted in sub
horizontal holes drilled into the slope. The usual diameter of the tubes shall be 50 to 120 mm
and shall be inserted in the slope inclined upwards from 5° to 15° and in radial fashion (in

29
plan). The PVC pipes shall have a filtering geotextile on the outer surface to avoid the
obstruction by the fine soil particles.

The hole is drilled into the slope with minimum internal diameter of 51 mm, and they can be
realized with dry drilling, with or without temporary sheeting of the hole. Once the drilling is
complete the pipe (which can be smooth or grooved) is inserted. Once the pipe is fully
inserted, the lower part of the hole (on the slope face side) is sealed with the use of cement
grout. Local gabion walls can be considered on slope surface where sub-surface drainage
pipes are emerging out from slope surface.

Self- Drilling sub-surface drainage pipes are preferable in collapsible strata.

9 RELEVANT STANDARDS AND CODES

9.1 Design

1. IRC- HRB- Special Report-23 -State of the Art: Design and Construction of Rockfall
Mitigation systems, Chapter-3.
2. IRC: SP: 42 – 2014, Guidelines of Road Drainage.
3. IRC:56-2011: Recommended practices for treatment of embankment and roadside
slopes for erosion control
4. IRC-113 - 2013 - Guidelines for Design and Construction of Geosynthetic Reinforced
Embankments on Soft Subsoils
5. IRC SP:116-2018 – Guidelines for Design and Installation of Gabion Structures.
6. BS 8006-1:2010+A1:2016–Code of Practice for Strengthened /Reinforced Soil and other
fills.
7. BS 8081:2015+A2:2018 – Code of Practice for Grouted Anchors.
8. FHWA-NHI-10-24 - Design and Construction of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and
Reinforced Soil Slopes-Volume-I (For seismic loading condition).
9. FHWA-NHI-14-007 – Soil Nail Walls Reference Manual (FHWA GEC 007), 2015.
10. FHWA-IF-99-015 – Ground Anchors and Anchored System (GEC No. 4), 1999.

30
ANNEXURE – I: ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION DETAILS
 Geotechnical Assessment Report of Raturi Sera
Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Gangotri-Dharasu (NH-108) to 2-lane Paved Shoulder from Km.
101.06 to Km. 110.860 (design Ch. 87+730 to 97+400) on EPC Mode under improvement to NH
connectivity to Chardham in state of Uttarakhand

Submitted by:

M/s OASIS Technocons Limited.

#1458,HIG, Phase-IX, Mohali
(Punjab).

Issued Date: 25 Sep. 21

Report No.: PTLR/DDN/2021/398(03)

Prepared by:

Parmar Testing Lab And Research Centre, Dehradun.

Page 1 of 20
Contents:
1. Project Details
2. Scope of Investigation
3. Planning of Geotechnical Investigation
a. Location Map
b. Exploration Program
4. Details of Field work
5. Laboratory Work
6. Geotechnical Assessment
a. Subsurface Condition
b. Laboratory Test Results
c. Rock Mass Classification
d. Conclusions
e. Summary of Results
7. Annexures (Bore log details)

Page 2 of 20
1. Project Details:

Soil Investigation work is entrusted by M/s OASIS Technocons Limited to M/s Parmar Testing Lab &
Research (PTLR), based in Dehradun. Border Road Organization (BRO) has contracted the work to
M/s OASIS Technocons Limited for “Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Gangotri-Dharasu
(NH-108) to 2-lane Paved Shoulder from Km. 101.06 to Km. 110.860 (design Ch. 87+730 to 97+400)
on EPC Mode under improvement to NH connectivity to Chardham in state of Uttarakhand”.

Geotechnical investigation is an essential preliminary step for civil engineering design and construction
works and primarily the objects for conducting such investigations are as
 Suitability - to assess the general suitability of the site;
 Design - to enable an adequate and economic design;
 Construction - to plan the most feasible method of construction, to fore see and provide against
difficulties and delays that may arise during construction due to ground, groundwater.

In order to collect data and achieve the project objectives, studies and site Investigations were conducted.
Main purpose of these studies was to obtain the relevant geotechnical design data including sub-surface
profile (soil/rock interface), classification, behaviour and engineering properties.

PTLR carried out the field - work during September, 2021. Field identification tests and some in situ
strength tests as well as laboratory tests on soil/rock samples were carried out.
All the field work and laboratory tests were conducted as per the IS specifications and instructions of
client.

2. Scope of Work:
This report covers the subsurface investigation conducted at proposed road widening project. Contains the
following information’s;
 Planning of geotechnical Investigation programmed
 Methodology of Investigation
 Geology and related characteristics
 Geotechnical assessment
 Conclusion and Recommendations.

Page 3 of 20
3. Planning of Geotechnical Investigation Programme
a. Location Map:

A Geotechnical study was proposed to be carried out for deciphering the subsurface strata for the design
of proposed Structure in the State of UTTRAKHAND. The detail of
field-work is as below:

BH 1 BH 2

BH 3

Bore Hole Location:

Bore Depth of Chainage Northing Easting Presentation

Hole no. Borehole (m) of Results
(Annexure)
BH-1 30m 108+220 30044’23.2” 78021’17.2” IA
0 0
BH - 2 30m 108+170 30 44’23.5” 78 21’19.2” IB
BH - 3 30m 108+060 30044’22.1” 78021’23.9” IC

b. Exploration Program:

The scope of the present studies, as laid down in the terms of reference of this investigation work, is as
under:
On the basis of nature of the project, it was decided to carry out soil / rock exploration in order to:
 Obtain soil samples, both representative and undisturbed (wherever possible) for classification tests
and other laboratory tests for determining engineering properties, like Drilling in rock in weathered
and in hard rock, obtain rock cores of Nx size by diamond core drilling method using double tube core
barrels, determination of material characteristics (Strength / Structure / Color / Texture / Grain size /
Rock name), mass characteristics (State of weathering /existing natural discontinuities / faults and

Page 4 of 20
folding patterns / fracture state), laboratory tests for determining engineering properties of existing rock,
i.e., unconfined compressive strength, water absorption, unit weight, Modulus of elasticity, joint
shear strength etc, including Petrographic examination for establishing lithological characteristics;
 Obtain permeability values by conducting field permeability tests (packer tests);

Submit a report on geotechnical investigation, after the completion of field work and laboratory
test results

4. Details of Field Work

a. Exploratory Core Drilling
For Core Drilling work, drilling rig was installed at the specified borehole locations. Stability of rig was
ensured by making level ground. Drilling was advanced by rotary core drilling method using double tube
core barrels as per the guidelines of IS: 6926-1996. A double tube core barrel and NX sized bits are used
for drilling and recovering rock cores.
The work of drilling was carried out by Calyx core drilling rig, Calyx / Rock Drill India make, engine
driven, mounted on skids dully provided with rotary head, using surface set / impregnated diamond bits.

The water circulation was made from Triplex water pumps of Calyx having suitable feeding capacity for
drilling up to required depths.

The all other accessories such as drilling rods of Aw / Bw sizes with casing pipes of size PX / HX / NX
sizes along with double tube core barrels etc. was provided as required for the drill holes.
1. Rotary drilling machine was assembled at site and was shifted and erected at the borehole location.
2. Rotating single tube core barrels, provided with commercial diamond bits are used for rotary
drilling and simultaneously obtaining the rock cores or samples.
3. All consumables (Drilling accessories) were purchased from Genuine Dealers Rockdril India
Limited) only.
4. After inserting casing pipe through soil overburden the drilling bit fixed to the lower end of drill
rods with barrel, is rotated by a suitable chuck and always kept in firm contact with the bottom of
the borehole.
5. Water is pumped continuously down the hole through drill rods, and the fluid returns to the surface
in the annular space between the rods and the side of the hole, and so the protective casing may not
be generally necessary. The mud returning upwards brings the cuttings to the surface.
6. After reaching the drill rods attached with the cutting bit attain its full depth another piece
(extension rod) will be attached and continue the drilling.

7. The casing pipe of diameter (PX / HX / NX Size) if necessary was driven up to the required depth /
level as the bore hole is advanced depending upon the rock conditions.

Page 5 of 20
b. Rock Core Samples / Borehole Logs

Core Samples were extracted by the application of a continuous pressure at one end of the core with the
barrel held horizontally without vibration. Immediately after withdrawal from the core barrel, the cores
were placed in a tray and transferred into boxes specially prepared for the purpose. Recovered rock cores
were numbered serially as specified in IS: 40781980. Rock core recovery and Rock Quality Designation
(RQD) were computed for every run length drilled. The description of the core samples was recorded.

Rock classification in terms of weathering and state of fractures and strength is carried out in the
following manner. Tabulations given in below explain it briefly.

Scale of weathering grades of Rock Mass

Terms Description Grade

No visible sign of rock
material weathering; perhaps
Fresh I
slight discoloration on major
discontinuity surfaces.
Discoloration indicates
weathering of rock material
Slightly Weathered and discontinuity surfaces. All II
the rock material may be
discoloured by weathering.
Less than half of the rock
material is decomposed or
disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or
Moderately Weathered III
discoloured rock is present
either as a continuous
framework or as core-stones.
More than half of the rock
material is decomposed or
Highly disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or
IV
Weathered discoloured rock is present
either as a discontinuous
framework or as core-stones
All rock material is
decomposed and / or
Completely Weathered disintegrated to soil. The V
original mass structure is still
largely intact.
All rock material is converted
to soil. The mass structure and
material fabric are destroyed.
Residual Soil VI
There is a large change in
volume, but the soil has not
been significantly transported.

Page 6 of 20
c. As per IS 4464
It should be understood that all grades of weathering may not be seen in a given rock mass and that in
some cases a particular grade may be present to a very small extent. Distribution of the various
weathering grades of rock material in the rock mass may be related to the porosity of the rock material
and the presence of open discontinuities of all types in the rock mass.
d. Relation between RQD and In-Situ Rock Quality
Rock quality is further measured by frequency of natural joints in rock mass. Rock Quality Designation
(RQD) is used to define state of fractures or massiveness of rock. Following table defines the quality of
rock mass.

ROCK TYPE UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH (UCS) in MPa
Excellent 90 to 100
Good 75 to <90
Fair 50 to <75
Poor 25 to <50
Very Poor 00 to <25

e. Classification of Rock with respect to Compressive Strength

Rock is also classified by strength of intact rock cores collected during drilling. Rock Unconfined
Compressive strength (UCS) is used to define strength of rock. Classification of rocks given in Table 2 of
Appendix-2 of IRC: 78-2000 (March 2011 amendment) is reproduced below:

UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE
ROCK TYPE
STRENGTH (UCS) in MPa
Extremely Strong > 200
Very Strong 100 to 200
Strong 50 to 100
Moderately strong 12.5 to 50
Moderately Weak 5 to 12.5
Weak 1.25 to 5
Very Weak < 1.25

f. In-situ Permeability Tests in Bed Rock In-situ permeability Test is rock was conducted by double
packer method as per IS: 5529 (Part 2 Tests in Bed Rock).

Page 7 of 20
5. Details of Laboratory Work

a. Preparation of Test Specimens

The rock core specimen for various laboratory tests were prepared in accordance with relevant provisions
of IS: 9179-1979. Rock cores of 51- & 54-mm dia. were cut to proper length, meeting the requirements of
the requisite length/diameter ratio and their ends planed and polished using polishing and lapping
machine.
The salient features of the test procedures used for various laboratory tests conducted on the rock core
specimens are briefly described below.
b. Bulk Density
The test was conducted as per IS: 13030-1991 “Method of Test for Laboratory Determination of Water
Content, Porosity and Density & Related Properties of Rock Material”. The test was conducted on the
prepared rock core samples. 3 representative rock cores for each rock sample were used for evaluation of
bulk density based on average of 3 tests. The following formula was used for calculation of bulk density:

Bulk Sample Mass

Bulk Density =
Bulk Sample Volume
The test results are given in Tables-1.
c. Uniaxial Compressive Strength (Saturated Condition)
The test was conducted as per IS: 9143-1979 “Method for the Determination of Unconfined Compressive
Strength of Rock Materials”. The length to diameter ratio of cylindrical specimens was kept as 2 as far as
possible; in case of variation, the following formula recommended by Protodyakonov (1969) was used for
calculating the compressive strength corresponding to length to diameter ratio of 2:

8c
c2 =
7 + 2 d/h
Where
c2 = Compressive strength corresponding to standard specimen with h/d
= 2;
c = Measured compressive strength;
D = Specimen diameter; and
h = Specimen height.

The unconfined compressive strength of the rock core specimen was calculated by dividing the maximum
load carried by the specimen during the test by the average cross-sectional area. Average of three tests
was used to arrive at a representative value of unconfined compressive strength (saturated condition) of a

Page 8 of 20
rock sample. Test results are given in Table -2.
Sample Before Test

Sample before Test

Sample after Test

Page 9 of 20
Triaxial Compression Test

The test was carried out as per IS: 13047-1991 “Method for Determination of Strength of Rock Materials
in Triaxial Compression”. The test specimens comprised of right circular cylinders with length to
diameter ratio of 2. The rock core specimens were tested at different confining pressures. Mohr’s shear
strength envelopes were plotted for determining shear strength parameters, cohesion intercept, C and
angle of shearing resistance, .

d. Point Load Strength Index (Saturated Condition)

The test was conducted as per IS: 8764-1998 “Method for the Determination of Point Load Strength
Index of Rocks”. The cylindrical cores were tested axially keeping the length to diameter ratio of 0.30 to
1.0. The load was applied to the specimen such that failure occurred within 10-60 seconds and the failure
load P was recorded. The point load strength index was calculated from the following relation:
Point Load Strength Index, Is (50) = P
1.5
√D D*
Where
Is(50) = Point load strength index (for the standard core size) in Kg/cm2;
P = Failure load in Kg;
D = Core diameter in mm; and
D* = Standard core diameter = 50mm
The mean value of point load strength index was determined.

6. Geotechnical Assessment

A Geotechnical study was proposed to be carried out for deciphering the subsurface strata for the design
of proposed structure in the state of Uttarakhand.

a. Subsurface Condition

Borehole Information: Detailed Bore log has been attached as Annexure I. Photographs of rock core
samples have been attached as Annexure II.
Quartzite is the predominant rock-type in the area. This rock is varying in mineralogical compositions in
a wide range.

Page 10 of 20
Methodology of Bearing Capacity of Rocky Stratum in Borehole

The safe bearing capacity for the rock strata available after excavation has been assessed based on
following methods: -
1. Based on crushing strength of rock cores (Lo and Hefiny 2001)
2. Based on Rock quality designation (Peck et al. 1974)
(a) Based on strength of Rock Cores
The allowable bearing pressure is estimated based on the strength of rock cores. The allowable
bearing is given by (IS: 12070-1987)
Qs= qc xNj
Where qc= average uniaxial compressive strength
Nj = Emperical coefficient depending upon the spacing of discontinuities.
The equation includes a factor of safety of 3.
Depending upon spacing of discontinuities, values of Nj are as under .

Spacing of discontinuities (cms) Nj

300 0.40
100-300 0.25
30-100 0.10

Bore Depth (m) Strata Description Core Recovery RQD (%)

hole (%)
No From To
30. Overburden Consisting of crushed stone
1. 0.00 00 Sub Angular, Rounded to Sub Rounded
20 11
Granules, Cobbles, Fractured Rock

30. Overburden Consisting of

2 0.00 00 Angular to Sub Angular, Rounded, Sand,
63 36
Fractured Rock.

30. Overburden Consisting of Crushed Stone,

3 0.00 00 Rounded to Sub Rounded Granules & 57
46
b. Fractured Rock.
c.

Page 11 of 20
 d.
b. Laboratory Test Results:
Table1:Results of Dry Density& Sat. Density of core samples
Sl. No Bore Hole No. Core No. Depth (m) Dry Density (g/cc) Sat. Density (g/cc)
14 2.61 2.59
1 BH-01 17 30m 2.62 2.62
18 2.67 2.65
3 2.65 2.67
2 BH-02 18 30m 2.62 2.61
19 2.65 2.58
6 2.62 2.63
3 BH-03 15 30m 2.67 2.61
16 2.62 2.60

Table 2: Test results of Crushing Strength of Core Samples (Saturated Condition)

GEOTECHNICAL DATA OF CORES RECOVERED FROM BOREHOLES DURING
EXPLORATION
T
a
BORE CORE TYPE OF SAMPLE CORE TOTAL CR RQD CORE UCS STRENGT
HOLE
b NO. SAMPLE DESCRIP PIECES CORE (%) (%) QUAL (t/m2) H OF
NO. TION ≥ 10 cm RECOVERY ITY INTACT
l (cm) ROCK
e 14 110 180 18.0 11.0 421
Fractured
01 17 ROCK 100 190 19.0 10.0 Poor 447 Average
Rock
3 18 90 200 20.0 9.0 452
3 390 630 63.0 39.0 415
: 18 Fractured 360 440 44.0 36.0 432
02 ROCK Poor Average
Rock
19 200 460 46.0 20.0 456
C 6 460 570 57.0 46.0 443
Fractured
a 03 15
Rock
ROCK 420 520 52.0 42.0 Poor 454 Average
l 16 390 550 55.0 39.0 465

Table 3: Calculation of Safe Bearing Capacity (From IS:12070-1987)

DEPTH UCS OF ROCK SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
BH.NO. NJ
(m) CORES(T/M2) (T/M2)
1 10 421 0.10 42.1
20 447 0.10 44.7
30 452 0.10 45.2
2 10 415 0.10 41.5
20 432 0.10 43.2
30 456 0.10 45.6
3 10 443 0.10 44.3
20 454 0.10 45.4
30 465 0.10 46.5

Page 12 of 20
 Table 4: Results of Tri-axial Shear Strength Parameters of Core Samples
(Saturated Condition)
Core Piece Drill Hole No. Tri Axial Shear Test(IS: 13047 & ASTM D2664)
Number C MPa  (Degrees)
2 BH-01 1.97 36
3 1.94 34
5 BH-02 1.95 35
3 BH-03 1.95 35

a. Rock Mass Classification

The Geo-mechanical classification system (RMR System) developed by Bieniawski has also been
attempted. In this system known as RMR following six parameters are used to classify the rock mass.
1. Uni-axial Compressive Strength of Rock material
2. Rock Quality Designation
3. Spacing of discontinuities
4. Condition of discontinuities
5. Ground water condition
6. Orientation of discontinuities
Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of jointed rock masses, may be worked out based on IS 13365 (part I). Rock
Mass Rating parameters are reproduced from annex B of IS 13365 (part I) below for ready reference.
Strength of intact rock material (MPa)
I. Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength (MPa) Rating Basis
Exceptionally Strong >250 15
Very Strong 100-250 12
Strong 50-100 7 UCS value data of specific
Average 25-50 4 borehole from laboratory test is
Weak 10-25 2 used in RMR
Very Weak 2-10 1
Extremely Weak <2 0
II. Rock quality designation (RQD)
RQD (%) Rating Basis
Excellent 90-100 20
Good 75-90 17 RQD values of specific borehole below
Fair 50-75 13 given depth from relevant borehole is
Poor 25-50 8 used in RMR
Very Poor <25 3

Page 13 of 20
 III. Spacing of discontinuities
Spacing, (m) Rating Basis
Very Wide >2 20
Wide 0.6-2 15 Spacing of discontinuities of specific
Moderate 0.2-0.6 10 borehole from field observations is
Close 0.06-0.2 8 used in RMR
Very Close <0.06 5
IV. Condition of discontinuities
Very rough
and slightly rough and Slickensided wall rock 5 mm thick
rough and slightly
unweathered moderately to highly surface or 1-5 mm thick soft gauge 5
weathered wall rock
rock wall weathered wall rock gauge or 1-5 mm wide mm wide
surface, separation <
rock, tight and surface, separation < opening, continuous continuous
1 mm
discontinuous, 1 mm discontinuity discontinuity
no separation
30 25 20 10 0

V. GROUND WATER CONDITION

Completely
General Description Damp Wet Dripping Flowing
Dry
Rating 15 10 7 4 0

VI. ADJUSTMENT FOR DISCONTINUITY ORIENTATIONS

Strike and Dip Very Favourable Fair Unfavourable Very
Orientations of favourable Unfavourable
Discontinuities
Twin tube
tunnels
Rating 0 -2 -5 -10 -12

VII. ROCK MASS CLASSES DETERMINED FROM TOTAL RATING

Classification I II III IV V
No
Description of Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor
Rock
RMR 100-80 80-61 60-41 40-21 20-0

Page 14 of 20
MEANING OF ROCK MASS CLASSES
Average 20 Yr for 15 1 Year for 1 wk for 5 m 10 hr for 2.5 30 min for 1
Standup Time m span 10m span span m span m
Cohesion of >400 300-400 200-300 100-200 <100
Rock mass
(kPa)
Friction angle >45 45-35 25-35 15-25 <15
of Rock mass
(deg)
b. Conclusions
Based on Borehole drilled for BH 01, 02 & 03 at Raturi Sera for road widening and landslide mitigation
purpose, generally moderately fractured rock is encountered at site. The quartzite rock massive /
blocky – very blocky, Medium Strong, Slightly Weathered, Moderately fractured, Slightly Rough,
Rusted and Slightly Weathered along the Joints.

The sub-soil strata: -

From existing ground surface to up to 0.50m depth consist of filled up soil with boulders.
From depths0.50m– 3.00m consists of highly weathered gneiss and quartzite boulders.
From depths 3.00m– 30.00 m consists of highly to moderately weathered quarzitic gneiss fractured rock.
Based on RMR system (IS: 13365, Part-1), rock is classified as fair.
c. Summary of results
SBC of Rock In Ton/m2
BH. NO. DEPTH(in meter) (Ton/m2)
01 10 42.1
20 44.7
30 45.2
02 10 41.5
20 43.2
30 45.6
03 10 44.3
20 45.4
30 46.5

Page 15 of 20
 Annexure I A
LOG OF BOREHOLE, BH-01
Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Gangotri-Dharasu (NH-108) to 2-lane Paved Shoulder from Km. 101.06 to
Km. 110.860 (design Ch. 87+730 to 97+400) on EPC Mode under improvement to NH connectivity to
Chardham in state of Uttarakhand
Raturi Sera – Chainage 108+220
BOREHOLE NO. TERMINAL DEPTH WATER TABLE (m)
1 30.00 m ----
DETAILS OF ROCK DRILLING
SAMPLE DEPTH IN M
DRILL RUN

CLASSIFICATION
SAMPLE TYPE

DESCRIPTION OF

CORE
LOG
IN SOIL
RECOVERY
STRATA

RQD

FROM TO (mm) (mm)

0 0
0.00 –1.50m DS
1.50m – 3.00m core-1 40 0
3.00m - 4.50m core-2 60 0
4.50m- 6.00m core-3 80 0
6.00m-7.50m core-4 100 100
7.50m-9.00m core-5 80 0
FRACTURED ROCK
FRACTURED ROCK

9.00m-10.50m core-6 70 0
10.50m-12.00m core-7 90 0
12.00m-13.50m core-8 70 0
13.50m-15.00m core-9 80 0
15.00m-16.50m core-10 150 100
16.50m-18.00m core-11 90 90
18.00m-19.50m core-12 140 0
19.50m-21.00m core-13 110 0
21.00m-22.50m core-14 180 80
22.50m-24.00m core-15 80 70
24.00m-25.50m core-16 160 110
25.50m-27.00m core-17 190 90
27.00m-28.50m core-18 200 100
28.50m-30.00m core-19 180 100

Page 16 of 20
 Annexure I B
LOG OF BOREHOLE, BH-02
Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Gangotri-Dharasu (NH-108) to 2-lane Paved Shoulder from Km. 101.06 to
Km. 110.860 (design Ch. 87+730 to 97+400) on EPC Mode under improvement to NH connectivity to
Chardham in state of Uttarakhand
Raturi Sera – Chainage 108+170
BOREHOLE NO. TERMINAL DEPTH WATER TABLE (m)
2 30.00 m ----
DETAILS OF ROCK DRILLING
SAMPLE DEPTH IN M
DRILL RUN

CLASSIFICATION
SAMPLE TYPE

DESCRIPTION OF

CORE
LOG IN SOIL
RECOVERY
STRATA

RQD

FROM TO

0 0
0.00 –1.50m DS
1.50m – 3.00m core-1 180 0
3.00m - 4.50m core-2 150 0
4.50m- 6.00m core-3 630 360
6.00m-7.50m core-4 300 0
7.50m-9.00m core-5 310 0
FRACTURED ROCK
FRACTURED ROCK

9.00m-10.50m core-6 360 100

10.50m-12.00m core-7 330 0
12.00m-13.50m core-8 340 140
13.50m-15.00m core-9 350 130
15.00m-16.50m core-10 200 180
16.50m-18.00m core-11 350 200
18.00m-19.50m core-12 420 390
19.50m-21.00m core-13 350 100
21.00m-22.50m core-14 310 200
22.50m-24.00m core-15 320 0
24.00m-25.50m core-16 360 0
25.50m-27.00m core-17 290 160
27.00m-28.50m core-18 440 190
28.50m-30.00m core-19 460 0

Page 17 of 20
 Annexure I C
LOG OF BOREHOLE, BH-03
Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Gangotri-Dharasu (NH-108) to 2-lane Paved Shoulder from Km. 101.06
to Km. 110.860 (design Ch. 87+730 to 97+400) on EPC Mode under improvement to NH connectivity to
Chardham in state of Uttarakhand
Raturi Sera – Chainage 108+060
BOREHOLE NO. TERMINAL DEPTH WATER TABLE (m)
1 30.00 m ----
DETAILS OF ROCK DRILLING
SAMPLE DEPTH IN M
DRILL RUN

CLASSIFICATION
SAMPLE TYPE

DESCRIPTION OF

CORE
LOG IN SOIL
RECOVERY
STRATA

RQD

FROM TO

0 0
0.00 –1.50m DS
1.50m – 3.00m core-1 130 100
3.00m - 4.50m core-2 180 90
4.50m- 6.00m core-3 210 160
6.00m-7.50m core-4 290 180
7.50m-9.00m core-5 340 200
FRACTURED ROCK
FRACTURED ROCK

9.00m-10.50m core-6 570 460

10.50m-12.00m core-7 230 120
12.00m-13.50m core-8 350 0
13.50m-15.00m core-9 460 300
15.00m-16.50m core-10 380 0
16.50m-18.00m core-11 370 0
18.00m-19.50m core-12 550 190
19.50m-21.00m core-13 460 160
21.00m-22.50m core-14 510 80
22.50m-24.00m core-15 520 390
24.00m-25.50m core-16 550 420
25.50m-27.00m core-17 100 0
27.00m-28.50m core-18 390 0
28.50m-30.00m core-19 470 0

Page 18 of 20
Annexure II

Page 19 of 20
************End of Report************

Page 20 of 20
 GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION at RATURI
SERA & BANDARKOT

A PROJECT REPORT ON GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

N.O.W.: Rehabilitation and Up-gradation of Gangotri-Dharasu (NH-108) to 2-lane Paved Shoulder from
Km. 101.06 to Km. 110.860 (design Ch. 87+730 to 97+400) on EPC Mode under improvement
to NH connectivity to Chardham in state of Uttarakhand

Submitted by:

M/s OASIS Technocons Limited.

#1458,HIG, Phase-IX, Mohali
(Punjab).

Issued Date: 27 Sep. 21

Report No.: PTLR/DDN/2021/400(11)

Prepared by:

Parmar Testing Lab And Research Centre, Dehradun.

Page 1
 Geological study report
of
landslide at Rautisera and Bandarkot on NH- 34,
Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand

1 INTRODUCTION

Landslides are the very common and frequent natural phenomenon in

Uttarakhand during monsoon season. Heavy rainfall and Cloudburst are most
common events which triggers the landslide in the region. Two slide have been
developed on NH-34 at Ch. 106+030 km to 106+430 km and Ch. 108+063 km to
108+255 km which is about 200m and 400m in length respectively. The site is
located at Rautisera and Banderkot near Matli in Uttarkashi district which is
about at 8-10km from Uttarkashi.

2 PHYSIOGRAPHY

The area exhibits an undulating and dissected topography with rugged terrain.
The landform in the area is structural and denudational in nature. Surface of hill
slopes are mostly made up of debris deposit and vegetation cover as seen in the
picture (Fig.1). Satellite image is shown here showing the locations of both slide
and geomorphological features of the area (Fig. 2). Area is very prone to
landslides due to the nature of loose overburden and fractured/weathered rocks
present over slopes in region.

Page 2
 Fig. 1 View of Rautisera slide

Fig. 2 Satellite image showing the locations of slide

3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA

Geologically, the area is located in Garhwal Group of Lesser Himalaya. The

Garhwal Group of rocks are mainly comprised of quartzite, phyllite and metabasic
rocks. Tectonically, the Garhwal group is sand-witched between two major
Thrusts namely North Almora Thrust (locally name as Srinagar Thrust) in the
South exposed near Nalupani and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) located in the
north east of the area near Sainj. The area undergoes multiple tectonic
movements in the past due to which several faults and weak planes have
developed in the region is also a major cause of landslide.

Page 3
The rocks in the area belongs to Uttarkashi Formation of Garhwal Group of
Lesser Himalayas. The Uttarkashi formation constitute Netala quartzite, Lower
Uttarkashi Limestone, Pokhri Slate, Upper Uttarkashi Limestone and Bareti
Quartzite. Rocks in the sliding area are comprising mainly of quartzite, Limestone
and phyllites which are generally fractured and weathered. These rock units are
buff coloured quartzite and slightly greenish phyllite which are shattered and
fractured (Fig. 3). The attitude of the rocks is highly variable, indicating that the
area has been subjected to intense deformations due to tectonic activity. Rocks
are covered with thick overburden of debris and slope wash materials of varying
depth of 1m to 5m. Debris slope seems to be unstable and are very loose on the
slope surface of as seen in the photographs (Fig. 4 & 5).

Fig. 3 View of quartzite core sample extracted from borehole BH 2 at Rautisera

Fig. 4 Close View of quartzite schist fragment from Rautisera

Page 4
Fig. 5 View of unstable slope made up of weathered Limestone developed at Bandarkot
4 GEOLOGICAL APPRAISAL

4.1 Raturisera Slide-

The site is located at Ch. 106+030 km to 106+430 km and Ch. 108+063 km on
NH 34 which is about 10km westward from Uttarkashi. The height of slide at
Rautisera is measured approximately 70-80m from road level in the stretch of
about 200m. Two geological sections have been developed at Ch. 108+100km
and 108+150km. Presently Hill slope is covered with thick debris materials along
with fractured rock exposed at crown part. Quartzite rocks are observed along the
road side at Ch. 108+230km which are quite hard and massive in nature. Loose
scree of in-situ rock has been reported at the toe of the slide as well as along the
road side. At places, Exposure of phyllitic schist rock is noted along the right bank
of Bhagirathi River. The slope above the road level is seems to be unstable due
to loose slope wash material and fragmented/weathered rock. The hill slope is
generally gentle to moderate in the sliding area. The structural data could not be
observed as the rocks are covered with thick overburden. Only fractures and
deformations are noted in the slided rock mass. Some of the fractures are open
and wide due to tensile forces acting on them by downward movement. Some
protection work has been already constructed to hold the slope but the crown part
of landslide is weak and prone to slide which results the slope failure.

Page 5
 Fig. 6 View showing the slope behavior of Rautisera Slide

Fig. 7 View of scree/debris slope developed after landslide

4.2 Banderkot Slide-

Bandarkot Slide is approximately 400m stretch in average height of 70-80m at
Ch. 106+280km. The hill slope is moderate to steep and fragile in nature. The
slope is covered with loose to partly consolidated debris deposits consisting of

Page 6
mixture of grit soil, sandy silt and boulders forming unstable slope. Tension
cracks have been developed in crown portion of slide.
Dolomitic limestone with intercalation of highly weathered phyllite rocks are noted
along the road side at Ch. 106+040km. Dolomitic limestone is slightly weathered
on surface but assume to be hard and massive in depth. The hill slope has heavy
cover of overburden consist of in-stu rock like limestone and phyllite. The rocks
are off white to buff colored and fine grained in nature. The phyllitic rock is highly
weathered and soft in nature. The crown part of the slide is highly unstable as it is
composed of loose soil mixed with boulders and pebbles which may trigger the
landslide anytime in rainy season.

Fig. 8 View of Banderkot slide

Page 7
Fig. 9 View showing highly fractured and loose limestone

Page 8
 Fig. 10 View showing the upper crown part of Banderkot slide

5 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

Rocks are distinctly bedded, foliated, fractured and highly weathered in nature. A
prominent discontinuity surface has been observed in the sliding area as it clearly
demarcates the change in strata. These rocks undergo multiple deformation
which results micro-folding and fracturing.
At Raturisera, outcrop of rocks is noted in the sliding portion which are extremely
weathered and fractured. Few joint sets are noted in quartzite rock which are
exposed along the road side at Ch. 108+240km.
AT Banderkot, there are two prominent joint sets followed by one minor joint sets
are noted which are often open, fractured and shows weathering through their
planes and filled with silty-clay and weathered materials. Joints in the limestone
are compact and partly closed. Whereas some joints are absent in formation
Some joints are open through their fracture plane. The rocks generally dip
southwards varying between 35° and 50°. In addition, the open joints are also
found to occur with a separation of 2 – 10 mm. The detailed structural data has
been tabulated below.

Page 9
 Fig. 11 View of sheared micro-folding in phyllitic rock

Fig. 12 View showing the foliation in phyllite striking perpendicular to road

alignment at Ch. 106+130km

Fig. 13 View of joint sets in limestone

Page 10
 Rock characteristics at Rautisera
Rock Type Quartzite, quartzite schist, phyllite
schist

Weathering Highly Weathered

Fractures Highly fractures and disintegrated

Outcrop NO.1 108+50 -108 +170

Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 270 030 332
Dip direction 60-SE 75-NW 75-SW
Persistance (m) 1-5 1-3 1-2
Spacing (cm) 5-40 3-80 5-150
Aperture 3 2 1
Roughness
Alteration
Type of filling open

Type of rock Phyllitic Schist

Degree of
weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.2 108 +170 - 108+225

Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 222 320 265
Dip direction 72-SE 50-SW 25-SE
Persistance (m) 5-10 1-2 1-5
Spacing (cm) 20-100 20-60 5-40
Aperture 1 CLOSE 1
Roughness
Alteration
Type of filling open

Type of rock Quartzite

Degree of weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.3 108 +225 - 108+240

Set No.
Strike
Dip direction
Consolidated soil with Tallus deposit
Persistance (m)
Spacing (cm)
Aperture

Page 11
 Roughness
Alteration
Type of filling
T
Type of rock
Degree of weathering

Type of rock Quartzite

Degree of weathering Highly Weathered
Outcrop NO.4 108 +240- 108+254
Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 260 150 028
Dip direction 35-SE 80-NE 85-SE
Persistance (m) 4-15 1-1.5 .1-1
Spacing (cm) 8-100 3-50 12-40
Aperture CLOSE CLOSE CLOSE
Roughness
Alteration
Type of filling

Rock characteristics at Banderkot

Rock Type Limestone & Phyllite along road
side
Quartzite in depth
Weathering Highly to moderate Weathered

Fractures Fractured through joint plane

Phyllites are disintigrated

Beds Orientation 25°–32° in N 345°

Outcrop NO.1 106+30 - 106+40

Set No. J1
Strike 170
Dip direction 71-SW
Persistence (m) 1-10
Spacing (cm) 3-30
Aperture 1 mm
Roughness smooth
Alteration Slightly uneven
Type of filling open

Page 12
Type of rock Phyllite
Degree of weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.2 106+40 -106+60

Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 165 70 165
Dip direction 81-SW 65/NW 40/NW
Persistence(m) 1-2 1-5 .5-1
Spacing(cm) 8-25 10-80 5-50
Aperture(mm) 0-5 1 CLOSED
Roughness SMOOTH ROUGH ROUGH
Alteration
Type of filling NON SOIL

Type of rock Phyllite

Very Highly
Degree of weathering Weathered

Outcrop NO.3 106+60 - 106+100

Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 175 105 -
Dip direction 85-NE 15-NE -
Persistence(m) 1-8 1-12 -
Spacing(cm) 5-32 35-50 -
Aperture(mm) CLOSED 2MM -
Roughness CLOSED OPEN
Alteration
Type of filling NON NON

Type of rock Limestone

Degree of weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.4 106+100 -106+130

Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 168 092 -
Dip direction 76-NE 58-sw -
Persistence(m) 1-8 1-2 -
Spacing(cm) 5-80 3-40 -
Aperture(mm) 2MM 0-4 -
Roughness ROURH rough
Alteration iron leaching
Type of filling Soil filling open

Page 13
Type of rock Limestone
Degree of weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.5 106+130 - 106+240

Set No. J1 J2 J3
Strike 275 188 285
Dip direction 46-SW 85-NE 85-SW
Persistence(m) 1-5 1-15 1-2
Spacing(cm) 5-150 10-100 7-95
Aperture(mm) 3 CLOSED CLOSED
Roughness ROURH rough ROUGH
Alteration
Type of filling NON

Type of rock Limestone

Degree of weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.6 106+240 - 106+280

Set No. J1
Strike 125
Dip direction 75-NE
Persistence(m) 1-15
Spacing(cm)
Aperture(mm)
Roughness SMOOTH
Alteration
Type of filling NON

Type of rock PHYLLITE

Degree of weathering Highly Weathered

Outcrop NO.7 106+280-106+400

Set No. J0 J1 J2
Strike 205 302 135
Dip direction 80-SE 75-SW 35-SW
Persistence(m) 1-20 1-2 1-5
Spacing(cm) 5-80 20-100 10-90
Aperture(mm) 0-2mm CLOSE CLOSE
Roughness SMOOTH
Alteration
Type of filling NON

Page 14
 Type of rock Limestone
Degree of weathering Highly Weathered
Outcrop NO.8 106+400-106+430
Set No.
Strike
Dip direction
Persistence(m)
Spacing(cm)
Aperture(mm)
Roughness Consolidated Soil with Rock fragments
Alteration
Type of filling
T
Type of rock
Degree of weathering

6 ROCK MASS RATING

The Geo-mechanical classification system (RMR System) developed by

Bieniawski has also been attempted. In this system known as RMR following six
parameters are used to classify the rock mass.

The Geo-mechanical classification system (RMR System) developed by

Bieniawski has also been attempted. In this system known as RMR following six
parameters are used to classify the rock mass.

1. Uni-axial Compressive Strength of Rock material

2. Rock Quality Designation

3. Spacing of discontinuities

4. Condition of discontinuities

5. Ground water condition

6. Orientation of discontinuities

Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of jointed rock masses, may be worked out based on
IS 13365 (part I). Rock Mass Rating parameters are reproduced from annex B of
IS 13365 (part I) below for ready reference.

Page 15
 Strength of intact rock material (MPa)

Compressive Rating Basis

Strength (MPa)
Exceptionally >250 15 UCS value data of
Very Strong
Strong 100-250 12
Strong 50-100 7 specific borehole from
Average 25-50 4 laboratory test is used
Weak 10-25 2
Very Weak 2-10 1 in RMR
Extremely Weak <2 0

Rock quality designation (RQD)

RQD (%) Rating Basis

Excellent 90-100 20 RQD values of specific
Good 75-90 17
borehole below given depth
Fair 50-75 13
Poor 25-50 8 from relevant borehole is
Very Poor <25 3 used in RMR

Spacing of discontinuities

Spacing, (m) Rating Basis

Very Wide >2 20 Spacing of discontinuities of
Wide 0.6-2 15
specific borehole from field
Moderate 0.2-0.6 10
Close 0.06-0.2 8 observations is used in RMR
Very Close <0.06 5

Condition of discontinuities

Very rough slightly rough Slicken sided

and rough and and wall rock
unweathered slightly moderately surface or 1-5 5 mm thick
rock wall weathered to highly mm thick soft gauge 5
rock, tight wall rock weathered gauge or 1-5 mm wide
and surface, wall rock mm wide continuous
discontinuou separation < 1 surface, opening, discontinuity
s, no mm separation < continuous
separation 1 mm discontinuity

30 25 20 10 0

Page 16
 Ground water condition

General Completely
Damp Wet Dripping Flowing
Description Dry

Rating 15 10 7 4 0

Adjustment for Discontinuity Orientations

Strike and Dip Very Favorable Fair Unfavorable Very

Orientations of favorable Unfavorable
Discontinuities
Twin tube tunnels

Rating 0 -2 -5 -10 -12

ROCK MASS CLASSES DETERMINED FROM TOTAL RATING

Classification I II III IV V
No
Description Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor
of
Rock
RMR 100-80 80-61 60-41 40-21 20-0

MEANING OF ROCK MASS CLASSES

Average 20 Yr for 15 1 Year for 1 wk for 5 m 10 hr for 2.5 30 min

Standup m span 10m span span m span for 1 m
Time
Cohesion of >400 300-400 200-300 100-200 <100
Rock
mass
(kPa)
Friction >45 45-35 25-35 15-25 <15
angle
of
Rock
mass
(deg)

Page 17
Fig. 13 View of GSI chart for Bandarkot and Rautisera

Page 18
7 SEISMICITY

The area is tectonically active and due to the ongoing tectonic movements. The
Himalaya Range has been undergoing crustal shortening along the 2,400 km
long northern edge of the Indian Plate which resulted in the formation of several
thrust faults including the Main Central Thrust (MCT), the Main Boundary Thrust
(MBT) and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). The MCT consists of three sub-
thrusts: MCT I, MCT II and MCT III. Many earthquakes have occurred along
these thrust faults. It is thought that the Chamoli earthquake in 1999 was
associated with these fault systems. The area lies in seismic zone V (Fig. 6).

Fig. 14 Earthquake Zonation Map of India

Page 19
8 CONCLUSIONS

The sliding area is more prone to slide as there are loose debris over slope, Also
some households are observed at Bandarkot sliding area. Slope protection
measures need to be carried out. The following measures are recommended
below.

o Grading of the uphill slopes

o Drainage Control
o Sealing of the cracks and joints
o Construction of RCC retaining toe wall
o Anchored Drappery system with the help of erosion control mat

Page 20
 Land Slide

Land Slide

Highly jointed and fractured

Quartzitic Phyllite Rock
Highly jointed and fractured
Quartzitic Rock

Tentative Rockline based on

drilled borelog

Tentative Rockline based on

drilled borelog

Overburden/Debris Deposit

Overburden/Debris Deposit

Road

Road

J2
J2
J1

J3 J1
J3
 78°21'15"E 78°21'18"E 78°21'21"E 78°21'24"E 78°21'27"E

30°44'27"N
1122.5

1120
1115
111
7.5
1112.5
2.5
1110 110

1107.5 1095

7.5
109

2.5
109
0
109

00
11
1077.5 1087.5
1085
.5
1082

108+150
1080

108+140
1072.5
30°44'24"N

0
1105

+13
1075

108

0
+12

30°44'24"N
108

0
+11
0

0
1070

108+19

108+170

108
108+1

108+160
1067.5

0
+10
108+200

108
108+2 1057.5
108+

2
1055
0
1052.5
30 2

1037.5

0
1050
10

+09
8

1047.5
+2

108
1035
04

0
10

+08
10 8
108+210

8 +2
+2 5 0
5

108
4 .8
0 1040

0
+07
1065 1045

108

0
1062.5

+06
1060

108

5
+04
108
1042.5

0
+05
108
40
2. 5

10
104

1015

.5
32
5

10
102

10
102 30
.5

7.5
17
30°44'21"N

10

1022.5
102
0

®
1012
.5

30°44'21"N
UAV Map of Land Slide Ratuseria
1025
5
102

Legend
Section Line
Major Contour
Minor Contours

Scale - 500

0 5 10 20 30 40 50

Meters
259/1,Shakti Colony,Devinagar
Paonta Sahib,Distt. Sirmour
Himachal Pradesh,173025
Contact : 8894733124
Himalayan Email : [email protected]
Surveying [email protected]
Services Pvt. Ltd Web : www.hsspl.co.in
30°44'18"N

78°21'15"E 78°21'18"E 78°21'21"E 78°21'24"E 78°21'27"E

ANNEXURE – II: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
SOIL PROPERTIES BACK UP OF DIFFERENT INSITU
LAYERS
Soil properties back up of overburden soil(top strata)-Back Analysis

Figure 1: Back Analysis at critical section

Figure 2: C-Phi graph from sensitivity Analysis at critical section

Cohesion= 20kN/m2

Phi= 33 degree

Unit weight= 19kN/m3

Soil properties back up of Insitu rocky strata(Quartzite)

RocLab analysis:

As per geotechnical/geological bore log details, partially weathered rocky strata, quartzite is
present below 5-6m depth onwards.

Figure 3: Screenshot of RocLab analysis

As per RocLab analysis following properties is coming for Rock

Cohesion: 183 KPa and Phi: 30.67 Deg.

On conservative side following parameters have been considered for Rock

Cohesion= 180kN/m2

Phi= 30 degree

Unit weight= 26kN/m3

SLOPE STABILITY DESIGN ANALYSIS REPORT

(FOR ANCHOR DESIGN)

Slide Analysis Information (CH 108+120)
Document Name
File Name: section ch 108+120_slide analysis_seismic

Project Settings
Project Title: SLIDE - An Interactive Slope Stability Program
Failure Direction: Right to Left
Units of Measurement: SI Units
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 9.81 kN/m3
Groundwater Method: Water Surfaces
Data Output: Standard
Calculate Excess Pore Pressure: Off
Allow Ru with Water Surfaces or Grids: Off
Random Numbers: Pseudo-random Seed
Random Number Seed: 10116
Random Number Generation Method: Park and Miller v.3

Analysis Methods
Analysis Methods used:
Bishop simplified
Janbu simplified

Number of slices: 25
Tolerance: 0.005
Maximum number of iterations: 50

Surface Options
Surface Type: Circular
Radius increment: 10
Minimum Elevation: Not Defined
Composite Surfaces: Disabled
Reverse Curvature: Create Tension Crack

Loading
Seismic Load Coefficient (Horizontal): 0.18
Seismic Load Coefficient (Vertical): 0.12
1 Distributed Load present:
Distributed Load Constant Distribution, Orientation: Normal to boundary, Magnitude: 24 kN/m

Material Properties
Material: SMB
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 19 kN/m3
Cohesion: 20 kPa
Friction Angle: 32 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Quartzite
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 26 kN/m3
Cohesion: 180 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: SF/BF
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m3
Cohesion: 0 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Gabion
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16.9 kN/m3
Cohesion: 15 kPa
Friction Angle: 40 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: PCC
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m3
Cohesion: 25 kPa
Friction Angle: 25 degrees
Water Surface: None

Support Properties
Support: SDA 38mm
SDA 38mm
Support Type: Soil Nail
Force Application: Passive
Out-of-Plane Spacing: 2 m
Tensile Capacity: 400 kN
Plate Capacity: 5 kN
Bond Strength: 0 kN/m
and Material Dependent

Support: TGU 250

TGU 250
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Parallel to Reinforcement
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 119 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees

Support: DT
DT
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Bisector of Parallel and Tangent
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 40 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Global Minimums
Method: bishop simplified
FS: 1.081560
Center: 1942.158, 1457.343
Radius: 138.900
Left Slip Surface Endpoint: 1993.139, 1328.137
Right Slip Surface Endpoint: 2048.224, 1367.659
Resisting Moment=581565 kN-m
Driving Moment=537712 kN-m

Seismic Analysis
Slide Analysis Information (CH 108+120)
Document Name
File Name: section ch 108+120_slide analysis_static

Project Settings
Project Title: SLIDE - An Interactive Slope Stability Program
Failure Direction: Right to Left
Units of Measurement: SI Units
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 9.81 kN/m3
Groundwater Method: Water Surfaces
Data Output: Standard
Calculate Excess Pore Pressure: Off
Allow Ru with Water Surfaces or Grids: Off
Random Numbers: Pseudo-random Seed
Random Number Seed: 10116
Random Number Generation Method: Park and Miller v.3

Analysis Methods
Analysis Methods used:
Bishop simplified
Janbu simplified

Number of slices: 25
Tolerance: 0.005
Maximum number of iterations: 50

Surface Options
Surface Type: Circular
Radius increment: 10
Minimum Elevation: Not Defined
Composite Surfaces: Disabled
Reverse Curvature: Create Tension Crack

Loading
1 Distributed Load present:
Distributed Load Constant Distribution, Orientation: Normal to boundary, Magnitude: 24 kN/m

Material Properties
Material: SMB
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 19 kN/m3
Cohesion: 20 kPa
Friction Angle: 32 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Quartzite
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 26 kN/m3
Cohesion: 180 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None
Material: SF/BF
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m3
Cohesion: 0 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Gabion
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16.9 kN/m3
Cohesion: 15 kPa
Friction Angle: 40 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: PCC
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m3
Cohesion: 25 kPa
Friction Angle: 25 degrees
Water Surface: None

Support Properties
Support: SDA 38mm
SDA 38mm
Support Type: Soil Nail
Force Application: Passive
Out-of-Plane Spacing: 2 m
Tensile Capacity: 400 kN
Plate Capacity: 5 kN
Bond Strength: 0 kN/m
and Material Dependent

Support: TGU 250

TGU 250
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Parallel to Reinforcement
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 119 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees

Support: DT
DT
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Bisector of Parallel and Tangent
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 40 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Global Minimums
Method: bishop simplified
FS: 1.474090
Center: 1897.075, 1406.146
Radius: 152.901
Left Slip Surface Endpoint: 1909.791, 1253.775
Right Slip Surface Endpoint: 2044.509, 1365.627
Left Slope Intercept: 1909.791 1256.401
Right Slope Intercept: 2044.509 1365.627
Resisting Moment=1.13705e+007 kN-m
Driving Moment=7.71358e+006 kN-m

Static Analysis
Slide Analysis Information (CH 108+170)
Document Name
File Name: section ch 108+170_slide analysis_seismic

Project Settings
Project Title: SLIDE - An Interactive Slope Stability Program
Failure Direction: Right to Left
Units of Measurement: SI Units
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 9.81 kN/m3
Groundwater Method: Water Surfaces
Data Output: Standard
Calculate Excess Pore Pressure: Off
Allow Ru with Water Surfaces or Grids: Off
Random Numbers: Pseudo-random Seed
Random Number Seed: 10116
Random Number Generation Method: Park and Miller v.3

Analysis Methods
Analysis Methods used:
Bishop simplified
Janbu simplified

Number of slices: 25
Tolerance: 0.005
Maximum number of iterations: 50

Surface Options
Surface Type: Circular
Radius increment: 10
Minimum Elevation: Not Defined
Composite Surfaces: Disabled
Reverse Curvature: Create Tension Crack

Loading
Seismic Load Coefficient (Horizontal): 0.18
Seismic Load Coefficient (Vertical): 0.12
1 Distributed Load present:
Distributed Load Constant Distribution, Orientation: Normal to boundary, Magnitude: 24 kN/m

Material Properties
Material: SMB
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 19 kN/m3
Cohesion: 20 kPa
Friction Angle: 32 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Quartzite
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 26 kN/m3
Cohesion: 180 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: SF/BF
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m3
Cohesion: 0 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Gabion
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16.9 kN/m3
Cohesion: 15 kPa
Friction Angle: 40 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: PCC
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m3
Cohesion: 25 kPa
Friction Angle: 25 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: RRM
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 22 kN/m3
Cohesion: 25 kPa
Friction Angle: 35 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: RCC
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 25 kN/m3
Cohesion: 100 kPa
Friction Angle: 40 degrees
Water Surface: None

Support Properties
Support: SDA 38mm
SDA 38mm
Support Type: Soil Nail
Force Application: Passive
Out-of-Plane Spacing: 2 m
Tensile Capacity: 400 kN
Plate Capacity: 5 kN
Bond Strength: 0 kN/m
and Material Dependent

Support: TGU 250

TGU 250
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Parallel to Reinforcement
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 119 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees

Support: DT
DT
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Bisector of Parallel and Tangent
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 40 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees

Global Minimums
Method: bishop simplified
FS: 1.171840
Center: 2319.913, 1332.896
Radius: 61.272
Left Slip Surface Endpoint: 2353.081, 1281.376
Right Slip Surface Endpoint: 2371.523, 1299.872
Left Slope Intercept: 2353.081 1281.874
Right Slope Intercept: 2371.523 1299.872
Resisting Moment=147152 kN-m
Driving Moment=125574 kN-m

Seismic Analysis
Slide Analysis Information (CH 108+170)
Document Name
File Name: section ch 108+170_slide analysis_static

Project Settings
Project Title: SLIDE - An Interactive Slope Stability Program
Failure Direction: Right to Left
Units of Measurement: SI Units
Pore Fluid Unit Weight: 9.81 kN/m3
Groundwater Method: Water Surfaces
Data Output: Standard
Calculate Excess Pore Pressure: Off
Allow Ru with Water Surfaces or Grids: Off
Random Numbers: Pseudo-random Seed
Random Number Seed: 10116
Random Number Generation Method: Park and Miller v.3

Analysis Methods
Analysis Methods used:
Bishop simplified
Janbu simplified

Number of slices: 25
Tolerance: 0.005
Maximum number of iterations: 50

Surface Options
Surface Type: Circular
Radius increment: 10
Minimum Elevation: Not Defined
Composite Surfaces: Disabled
Reverse Curvature: Create Tension Crack

Loading
1 Distributed Load present:
Distributed Load Constant Distribution, Orientation: Normal to boundary, Magnitude: 24 kN/m

Material Properties
Material: SMB
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 19 kN/m3
Cohesion: 20 kPa
Friction Angle: 32 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Quartzite
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 26 kN/m3
Cohesion: 180 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None
Material: SF/BF
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 18 kN/m3
Cohesion: 0 kPa
Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: Gabion
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 16.9 kN/m3
Cohesion: 15 kPa
Friction Angle: 40 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: PCC
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 24 kN/m3
Cohesion: 25 kPa
Friction Angle: 25 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: RRM
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 22 kN/m3
Cohesion: 25 kPa
Friction Angle: 35 degrees
Water Surface: None

Material: RCC
Strength Type: Mohr-Coulomb
Unit Weight: 25 kN/m3
Cohesion: 100 kPa
Friction Angle: 40 degrees
Water Surface: None

Support Properties
Support: SDA 38mm
SDA 38mm
Support Type: Soil Nail
Force Application: Passive
Out-of-Plane Spacing: 2 m
Tensile Capacity: 400 kN
Plate Capacity: 5 kN
Bond Strength: 0 kN/m
and Material Dependent

Support: TGU 250

TGU 250
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Parallel to Reinforcement
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 119 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees
Support: DT
DT
Support Type: GeoTextile
Force Application: Passive
Force Orientation: Bisector of Parallel and Tangent
Anchorage: Slope Face
Shear Strength Model: Linear
Strip Coverage: 100 percent
Tensile Strength: 40 kN/m
Pullout Strength Adhesion: 0 kN/m2
Pullout Strength Friction Angle: 30 degrees

Global Minimums
Method: bishop simplified
FS: 1.480360
Center: 2319.913, 1332.896
Radius: 61.272
Left Slip Surface Endpoint: 2353.081, 1281.376
Right Slip Surface Endpoint: 2371.523, 1299.872
Left Slope Intercept: 2353.081 1281.874
Right Slope Intercept: 2371.523 1299.872
Resisting Moment=146421 kN-m
Driving Moment=98909.1 kN-m

Static Analysis
REINFORCED SOIL WALL DESIGN ANALYSIS REPORT
Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0

ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)

Report created by ReSSA(3.0): Copyright (c) 2001-2010, ADAMA Engineering, Inc.

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

Title: RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)

Project Number: -
Client:
Designer: -

Description:
RSWGB

Company's information:

Name:
Street:
,
Telephone #:
Fax #:
E-Mail:

Original file path and name: C:\Users\h ..... Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE
Original date and time of creating this file: 13 OCT 2021

PROGRAM MODE: Analysis of a General Slope using GEOSYNTHETIC as reinforcing material.

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RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108) Page 1 of 10

Copyright © 2001-2010 ADAMA Engineering, Inc. www.GeoPrograms.com License number ReSSA-301478
Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0

ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

INPUT DATA (EXCLUDING REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT)

SOIL DATA
Internal angle of
Unit weight, γ friction, φ Cohesion, c
=========== Soil Layer #: =========== [kN/m ³] [deg.] [kPa]
...........................................................................
1 Reinforced Soil 19.0 30.0 0.0
...........................................................................
2 SMB 19.0 32.0 20.0
...........................................................................
3 Foundation Soil 26.0 30.0 180.0

REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement Ultimate Reduction Reduction Reduction Additional Coverage

Strength, Factor for Factor for Factor for Reduction Ratio,
Type # Geosynthetic Tult Installation Durability, Creep, Factor, Rc
Designated Name [kN/m] Damage, RFid RFd RFc RFa

1 GG 250 250.00 1.15 1.20 1.52 1.00 1.00

Interaction Parameters == Direct Sliding == ==== Pullout ====

Type # Geosynthetic Cds-phi Cds-c Ci Alpha

Designated Name

1 GG 250 0.85 0.00 0.85 0.80

Relative Orientation of Reinforcement Force, ROR = 0.00. Assigned Factor of Safety to resist pullout, Fs-po = 1.50
Design method for Global Stability: Comprehensive Bishop.

WATER
Unit weight of water = 9.81 [kN/m ³]
Water pressure is defined by phreatic surface in Effective Stress Analysis.

SEISMICITY
Horizontal peak ground acceleration coefficient, Ao = 0.360
Design horizontal seismic coefficient, kh = Am = 0.5 x Ao = 0.180 & design vertical seismic coefficient, kv (down) = 0.000 x kh = 0.000

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

DRAWING OF SPECIFIED GEOMETRY - COMPLEX - Quick Input

-- Problem geometry is defined along sections selected by user at x,y coordinates.

-- X1,Y1 represents the coordinates of soil surface. X2,Y2 represent the coordinates of the end of soil layer 1 and
start of soil layer 2, and so on.
-- Xw,Yw represents the coordinates of phreatic surface.

GEOMETRY
Soil profile contains 3 layers (see details in next page)

WATER GEOMETRY
Phreatic line was specified.

UNIFORM SURCHARGE
Load Q1 = 10.00 [kPa] inclined from verical at 0.00 degrees, starts at X1s = 1931.00 and ends at X1e = 1932.00 [m].
Load Q2 = 24.00 [kPa] inclined from verical at 0.00 degrees, starts at X2s = 1932.00 and ends at X2e = 1940.00 [m].
Surcharge load, Q3
.......................................................................
None

STRIP LOAD
.......................................................................
None 1

1617

9 10 11
1213 14 15

Toe point

6 7
8

SCALE:

0 2 4 6 8 10 [m]

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RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108) Page 3 of 10

Copyright © 2001-2010 ADAMA Engineering, Inc. www.GeoPrograms.com License number ReSSA-301478
Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0 ReSSA Version 3.0

ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

TABULATED DETAILS OF QUICK SPECIFIED GEOMETRY

Soil profile contains 3 layers. Coordinates in [m.]

Water was described by phreatic line.

# Xi Yi
Top of Layer 1 1 1864.98 1256.40
2 1903.53 1256.40
3 1926.58 1273.31
4 1928.88 1273.31
5 1929.41 1272.31
6 1930.46 1282.31
7 1942.85 1282.31
8 1959.33 1293.71
9 1969.65 1303.72
10 2021.81 1308.62
11 2111.58 1308.62
Top of Layer 2 12 1864.98 1256.40
13 1903.53 1256.40
14 1926.58 1273.31
15 1928.88 1273.31
16 1929.41 1272.31
17 1937.91 1272.31
18 1940.97 1282.30
19 1942.85 1282.31
20 1959.33 1293.71
21 1969.65 1303.72
22 2021.81 1308.62
23 2111.58 1308.62
Top of Layer 3 24 1864.98 1249.89
25 1908.21 1253.31
26 1917.49 1257.31
27 1932.46 1270.50
28 1938.19 1272.09
29 1939.20 1275.41
30 1942.85 1278.02
31 1958.51 1287.09
32 1973.77 1298.60
33 2021.81 1303.05
34 2111.58 1303.08
Top of Phreatic Line 36 0.00 1.30

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

TABULATED DETAILS OF SPECIFIED GEOMETRY

Soil profile contains 3 layers. Coordinates in [m.]

Water was described by phreatic line. Y values are tabulated in the right most column.
(phreatic)
# X Y1 Y2 Y3 Yw
1 0.00 1256.40 1256.40 1249.89 1.30
2 1864.98 1256.40 1256.40 1249.89 1.30
3 1903.53 1256.40 1256.40 1252.94 1.30
4 1908.21 1259.83 1259.83 1253.31 1.30
5 1917.49 1266.64 1266.64 1257.31 1.30
6 1926.58 1273.31 1273.31 1265.32 1.30
7 1928.88 1273.31 1273.31 1267.35 1.30
8 1929.41 1272.31 1272.31 1267.81 1.30
9 1930.46 1282.31 1272.31 1268.74 1.30
10 1932.46 1282.31 1272.31 1270.50 1.30
11 1937.91 1282.31 1272.31 1272.01 1.30
12 1938.19 1282.31 1273.22 1272.09 1.30
13 1939.20 1282.31 1276.52 1275.41 1.30
14 1940.97 1282.31 1282.30 1276.68 1.30
15 1942.85 1282.31 1282.31 1278.02 1.30
16 1958.51 1293.14 1293.14 1287.09 1.30
17 1959.33 1293.71 1293.71 1287.71 1.30
18 1969.65 1303.72 1303.72 1295.49 1.30
19 1973.77 1304.11 1304.11 1298.60 1.30
20 2021.81 1308.62 1308.62 1303.05 1.30
21 2111.58 1308.62 1308.62 1303.08 1.30

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

DISTRIBUTION OF AVAILABLE STRENGTH ALONG EACH REINFORCEMENT LAYER

A = Front-end of reinforcement (at face of slope)

B = Rear-end of reinforcement
AB = L1 + L2 + L3 = Embedded length of reinforcement

Tavailable = Long-term strength of reinforcement

Tfe = Available front-end strength (e.g., connection to facing)

L1 = Front-end 'pullout' length

L2 = Rear-end pullout length
Tavailable prevails along L3

Factor of safety on resistance to pullout on either end of reinforcement, Fs-po = 1.50

Reinforcement Designated Height Relative L L1 L2 L3 Tfe Tavailable

Layer # Name to Toe [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [kN/m] [kN/m]

1 GG 250 0.00 8.50 0.00 1.20 7.30 119.18 119.18

2 GG 250 0.50 8.50 0.00 1.27 7.23 119.18 119.18
3 GG 250 1.00 8.50 0.00 1.34 7.16 119.18 119.18
4 GG 250 1.50 8.50 0.00 1.41 7.09 119.18 119.18
5 GG 250 2.00 8.50 0.00 1.50 7.00 119.18 119.18
6 GG 250 2.50 8.00 0.00 1.60 6.40 119.18 119.18
7 GG 250 3.00 8.00 0.00 1.72 6.28 119.18 119.18
8 GG 250 3.50 8.00 0.00 1.85 6.15 119.18 119.18
9 GG 250 4.00 8.00 0.00 2.00 6.00 119.18 119.18
10 GG 250 4.50 8.00 0.00 2.18 5.82 119.18 119.18
11 GG 250 5.00 7.00 0.00 2.40 4.60 119.18 119.18
12 GG 250 6.00 7.00 0.00 3.00 4.00 119.18 119.18
13 GG 250 7.00 7.00 0.00 4.00 3.00 119.18 119.18
14 GG 250 8.00 7.00 0.00 6.00 1.00 119.18 119.18
15 GG 250 9.00 7.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 69.05 69.05 (*)

(*) This Tavailable is dictated by the pullout resistance capacity, which is smaller than the long-term strength of the
reinforcement that is related to its specified ultimate strength

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

RESULTS OF ROTATIONAL STABILITY ANALYSIS

Results in the tables below represent critical circles identified between specified points on entry and exit. (Theta-exit set to 50.00 deg.)
The most critical circle is obtained from a search considering all the combinations of input entry and exit points.

Critical circles for each entry point (considering all specified exit points)
Entry Entry Point Exit Point Critical Circle
Point # (X,Y) (X,Y) ( Xc , Yc , R ) Fs STATUS
[m] [m] [m]

1 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
2 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
3 1935.00 1282.31 1919.26 1268.06 1920.66 1282.34 14.34 7.28
4 1937.00 1282.31 1919.28 1268.08 1922.23 1282.55 14.77 2.85
5 1939.00 1282.31 1919.14 1268.12 1923.23 1283.38 15.80 1.88
6 1941.00 1282.31 1919.20 1268.09 1922.68 1286.58 18.81 1.62
7 1943.00 1282.41 1919.40 1268.05 1921.79 1290.69 22.77 1.57
.8 1945.00 1283.80 1919.36 1268.05 1920.79 1294.47 26.45 1.54 . OK
9 1947.00 1285.18 1919.20 1268.05 1918.86 1299.72 31.68 1.58
10 1949.00 1286.56 1919.40 1268.05 1916.82 1305.09 37.13 1.62
11 1951.00 1287.95 1919.23 1268.03 1914.99 1310.09 42.27 1.63

Note: In the 'Status' column, OK means the critical circle was identified within the specified search domain. 'On extreme X-entry' means
that the critical result is on the edge of the search domain; a lower Fs may result if the search domain is expanded.
*************************
Results in the tables below represent critical circles identified between specified points on entry and exit. (Theta-exit set to 50.00 deg.)
The most critical circle is obtained from a search considering all the combinations of input entry and exit points.

Critical circles for each exit point (considering all specified entry points)
Exit Exit Point Entry Point Critical Circle
Point # (X,Y) (X,Y) ( Xc , Yc , R ) Fs STATUS
[m] [m] [m]

.1 1919.36 1268.05 1945.00 1283.80 1920.79 1294.47 26.45 1.54 . On extreme X-exit
2 1920.23 1268.80 1943.00 1282.41 1923.60 1289.01 20.49 1.60
3 1921.39 1269.50 1943.00 1282.41 1925.24 1287.60 18.51 1.65
4 1922.16 1270.29 1943.00 1282.41 1926.51 1286.78 17.06 1.78
5 1923.27 1270.99 1943.00 1282.41 1927.70 1286.07 15.73 1.97
6 1924.36 1271.68 1951.00 1287.95 1924.36 1301.63 29.95 2.22
7 1925.27 1272.42 1947.00 1285.18 1928.16 1292.38 20.17 2.57
8 1926.22 1273.19 1951.00 1287.95 1933.29 1289.50 17.78 3.14
9 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
10 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
11 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff

Note: In the 'Status' column, OK means the critical circle was identified within the specified search domain. 'On extreme X-exit' means
that the critical result is on the edge of the search domain; a lower Fs may result if the search domain is expanded.

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

CRITICAL RESULTS OF ROTATIONAL AND TRANSLATIONAL STABILITY ANALYSES

Rotational (Circular Arc; Bishop) Stability Analysis
Minimum Factor of Safety = 1.54
Critical Circle: Xc = 1920.79[m], Yc = 1294.47[m], R = 26.45[m]. (Number of slices used = 58 )

Translational (2-Part Wedge; Spencer), Direct Sliding, Stability Analysis

Minimum Factor of Safety = 1.22
Critical Two-Part Wedge: (Xa = 1929.67, Ya = 1274.81) [m]
(Xb = 1937.69, Yb = 1274.81) [m]
(Xc = 1982.31, Yc = 1304.91) [m]
(Number of slices used = 30 )
Interslice resultant force inclination = 29.13 [degrees]

Three-Part Wedge Stability Analysis

NOT CONDUCTED
REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT: DRAWING

SCALE:
0 2 4 6 8 10 [m]

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT: TABULATED DATA & QUANTITIES

Height Embedded Covergae

Layer Reinf. Geosynthetic Relative Length Ratio, ( X, Y ) front ( X, Y ) rear Lsv * Lre
# Type # Designated Name to Toe [m] [m] Rc [m] [m] [m] [m]

1 1 GG 250 0.00 8.50 1.00 1929.41 1272.31 1937.91 1272.31 0.00 0.00
2 1 GG 250 0.50 8.50 1.00 1929.46 1272.81 1937.96 1272.81 0.00 0.00
3 1 GG 250 1.00 8.50 1.00 1929.52 1273.31 1938.02 1273.31 0.00 0.00
4 1 GG 250 1.50 8.50 1.00 1929.57 1273.81 1938.07 1273.81 0.00 0.00
5 1 GG 250 2.00 8.50 1.00 1929.62 1274.31 1938.12 1274.31 0.00 0.00
6 1 GG 250 2.50 8.00 1.00 1929.67 1274.81 1937.67 1274.81 0.00 0.00
7 1 GG 250 3.00 8.00 1.00 1929.73 1275.31 1937.73 1275.31 0.00 0.00
8 1 GG 250 3.50 8.00 1.00 1929.78 1275.81 1937.78 1275.81 0.00 0.00
9 1 GG 250 4.00 8.00 1.00 1929.83 1276.31 1937.83 1276.31 0.00 0.00
10 1 GG 250 4.50 8.00 1.00 1929.88 1276.81 1937.88 1276.81 0.00 0.00
11 1 GG 250 5.00 7.00 1.00 1929.93 1277.31 1936.93 1277.31 0.00 0.00
12 1 GG 250 6.00 7.00 1.00 1930.04 1278.31 1937.04 1278.31 0.00 0.00
13 1 GG 250 7.00 7.00 1.00 1930.14 1279.31 1937.14 1279.31 0.00 0.00
14 1 GG 250 8.00 7.00 1.00 1930.25 1280.31 1937.25 1280.31 0.00 0.00
15 1 GG 250 9.00 7.00 1.00 1930.35 1281.31 1937.35 1281.31 0.00 0.00

* Vertical distance between layers.

QUANTITIES
Reinf. Type # Designated Name Coverage Ratio Area of reinforcemnt [m²] / length of slope [m]
1 GG 250 1.00 117.50

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:16:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Seismic.MSE

SAFETY MAP: BISHOP ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODE

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)

Report created by ReSSA(3.0): Copyright (c) 2001-2010, ADAMA Engineering, Inc.

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

Title: RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)

Project Number: -
Client:
Designer: -

Description:
RSWGB

Company's information:

Name:
Street:
,
Telephone #:
Fax #:
E-Mail:

Original file path and name: C:\Users\h ..... \Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE
Original date and time of creating this file: 13 OCT 2021

PROGRAM MODE: Analysis of a General Slope using GEOSYNTHETIC as reinforcing material.

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

INPUT DATA (EXCLUDING REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT)

SOIL DATA
Internal angle of
Unit weight, γ friction, φ Cohesion, c
=========== Soil Layer #: =========== [kN/m ³] [deg.] [kPa]
...........................................................................
1 Reinforced Soil 19.0 30.0 0.0
...........................................................................
2 SMB 19.0 32.0 20.0
...........................................................................
3 Foundation Soil 26.0 30.0 180.0

REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement Ultimate Reduction Reduction Reduction Additional Coverage

Strength, Factor for Factor for Factor for Reduction Ratio,
Type # Geosynthetic Tult Installation Durability, Creep, Factor, Rc
Designated Name [kN/m] Damage, RFid RFd RFc RFa

1 GG 250 250.00 1.15 1.20 1.52 1.00 1.00

Interaction Parameters == Direct Sliding == ==== Pullout ====

Type # Geosynthetic Cds-phi Cds-c Ci Alpha

Designated Name

1 GG 250 0.85 0.00 0.85 0.80

Relative Orientation of Reinforcement Force, ROR = 0.00. Assigned Factor of Safety to resist pullout, Fs-po = 1.50
Design method for Global Stability: Comprehensive Bishop.

WATER
Unit weight of water = 9.81 [kN/m ³]
Water pressure is defined by phreatic surface in Effective Stress Analysis.

SEISMICITY

Not Applicable

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

DRAWING OF SPECIFIED GEOMETRY - COMPLEX - Quick Input

-- Problem geometry is defined along sections selected by user at x,y coordinates.

-- X1,Y1 represents the coordinates of soil surface. X2,Y2 represent the coordinates of the end of soil layer 1 and
start of soil layer 2, and so on.
-- Xw,Yw represents the coordinates of phreatic surface.

GEOMETRY
Soil profile contains 3 layers (see details in next page)

WATER GEOMETRY
Phreatic line was specified.

UNIFORM SURCHARGE
Load Q1 = 10.00 [kPa] inclined from verical at 0.00 degrees, starts at X1s = 1931.00 and ends at X1e = 1932.00 [m].
Load Q2 = 24.00 [kPa] inclined from verical at 0.00 degrees, starts at X2s = 1932.00 and ends at X2e = 1940.00 [m].
Surcharge load, Q3
.......................................................................
None

STRIP LOAD
.......................................................................
None 1

1617

9 10 11
1213 14 15

Toe point

6 7
8

SCALE:

0 2 4 6 8 10 [m]

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

TABULATED DETAILS OF QUICK SPECIFIED GEOMETRY

Soil profile contains 3 layers. Coordinates in [m.]

Water was described by phreatic line.

# Xi Yi
Top of Layer 1 1 1864.98 1256.40
2 1903.53 1256.40
3 1926.58 1273.31
4 1928.88 1273.31
5 1929.41 1272.31
6 1930.46 1282.31
7 1942.85 1282.31
8 1959.33 1293.71
9 1969.65 1303.72
10 2021.81 1308.62
11 2111.58 1308.62
Top of Layer 2 12 1864.98 1256.40
13 1903.53 1256.40
14 1926.58 1273.31
15 1928.88 1273.31
16 1929.41 1272.31
17 1937.91 1272.31
18 1940.97 1282.30
19 1942.85 1282.31
20 1959.33 1293.71
21 1969.65 1303.72
22 2021.81 1308.62
23 2111.58 1308.62
Top of Layer 3 24 1864.98 1249.89
25 1908.21 1253.31
26 1917.49 1257.31
27 1932.46 1270.50
28 1938.19 1272.09
29 1939.20 1275.41
30 1942.85 1278.02
31 1958.51 1287.09
32 1973.77 1298.60
33 2021.81 1303.05
34 2111.58 1303.08
Top of Phreatic Line 36 0.00 1.30

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

TABULATED DETAILS OF SPECIFIED GEOMETRY

Soil profile contains 3 layers. Coordinates in [m.]

Water was described by phreatic line. Y values are tabulated in the right most column.
(phreatic)
# X Y1 Y2 Y3 Yw
1 0.00 1256.40 1256.40 1249.89 1.30
2 1864.98 1256.40 1256.40 1249.89 1.30
3 1903.53 1256.40 1256.40 1252.94 1.30
4 1908.21 1259.83 1259.83 1253.31 1.30
5 1917.49 1266.64 1266.64 1257.31 1.30
6 1926.58 1273.31 1273.31 1265.32 1.30
7 1928.88 1273.31 1273.31 1267.35 1.30
8 1929.41 1272.31 1272.31 1267.81 1.30
9 1930.46 1282.31 1272.31 1268.74 1.30
10 1932.46 1282.31 1272.31 1270.50 1.30
11 1937.91 1282.31 1272.31 1272.01 1.30
12 1938.19 1282.31 1273.22 1272.09 1.30
13 1939.20 1282.31 1276.52 1275.41 1.30
14 1940.97 1282.31 1282.30 1276.68 1.30
15 1942.85 1282.31 1282.31 1278.02 1.30
16 1958.51 1293.14 1293.14 1287.09 1.30
17 1959.33 1293.71 1293.71 1287.71 1.30
18 1969.65 1303.72 1303.72 1295.49 1.30
19 1973.77 1304.11 1304.11 1298.60 1.30
20 2021.81 1308.62 1308.62 1303.05 1.30
21 2111.58 1308.62 1308.62 1303.08 1.30

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

DISTRIBUTION OF AVAILABLE STRENGTH ALONG EACH REINFORCEMENT LAYER

A = Front-end of reinforcement (at face of slope)

B = Rear-end of reinforcement
AB = L1 + L2 + L3 = Embedded length of reinforcement

Tavailable = Long-term strength of reinforcement

Tfe = Available front-end strength (e.g., connection to facing)

L1 = Front-end 'pullout' length

L2 = Rear-end pullout length
Tavailable prevails along L3

Factor of safety on resistance to pullout on either end of reinforcement, Fs-po = 1.50

Reinforcement Designated Height Relative L L1 L2 L3 Tfe Tavailable

Layer # Name to Toe [m] [m] [m] [m] [m] [kN/m] [kN/m]

1 GG 250 0.00 8.50 0.00 1.20 7.30 119.18 119.18

2 GG 250 0.50 8.50 0.00 1.27 7.23 119.18 119.18
3 GG 250 1.00 8.50 0.00 1.34 7.16 119.18 119.18
4 GG 250 1.50 8.50 0.00 1.41 7.09 119.18 119.18
5 GG 250 2.00 8.50 0.00 1.50 7.00 119.18 119.18
6 GG 250 2.50 8.00 0.00 1.60 6.40 119.18 119.18
7 GG 250 3.00 8.00 0.00 1.72 6.28 119.18 119.18
8 GG 250 3.50 8.00 0.00 1.85 6.15 119.18 119.18
9 GG 250 4.00 8.00 0.00 2.00 6.00 119.18 119.18
10 GG 250 4.50 8.00 0.00 2.18 5.82 119.18 119.18
11 GG 250 5.00 7.00 0.00 2.40 4.60 119.18 119.18
12 GG 250 6.00 7.00 0.00 3.00 4.00 119.18 119.18
13 GG 250 7.00 7.00 0.00 4.00 3.00 119.18 119.18
14 GG 250 8.00 7.00 0.00 6.00 1.00 119.18 119.18
15 GG 250 9.00 7.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 69.05 69.05 (*)

(*) This Tavailable is dictated by the pullout resistance capacity, which is smaller than the long-term strength of the
reinforcement that is related to its specified ultimate strength

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

RESULTS OF ROTATIONAL STABILITY ANALYSIS

Results in the tables below represent critical circles identified between specified points on entry and exit. (Theta-exit set to 50.00 deg.)
The most critical circle is obtained from a search considering all the combinations of input entry and exit points.

Critical circles for each entry point (considering all specified exit points)
Entry Entry Point Exit Point Critical Circle
Point # (X,Y) (X,Y) ( Xc , Yc , R ) Fs STATUS
[m] [m] [m]

1 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
2 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
3 1935.00 1282.31 1919.26 1268.06 1920.66 1282.34 14.34 19.67
4 1937.00 1282.31 1919.28 1268.08 1922.23 1282.55 14.77 4.22
5 1939.00 1282.31 1919.14 1268.12 1923.23 1283.38 15.80 2.53
6 1941.00 1282.31 1919.20 1268.09 1922.68 1286.58 18.81 2.19
7 1943.00 1282.41 1919.40 1268.05 1921.79 1290.69 22.77 2.16
.8 1945.00 1283.80 1919.15 1268.07 1921.21 1293.79 25.80 2.16 . OK
9 1947.00 1285.18 1919.20 1268.05 1918.86 1299.72 31.68 2.27
10 1949.00 1286.56 1919.40 1268.05 1916.82 1305.09 37.13 2.37
11 1951.00 1287.95 1919.23 1268.03 1914.99 1310.09 42.27 2.42

Note: In the 'Status' column, OK means the critical circle was identified within the specified search domain. 'On extreme X-entry' means
that the critical result is on the edge of the search domain; a lower Fs may result if the search domain is expanded.
*************************
Results in the tables below represent critical circles identified between specified points on entry and exit. (Theta-exit set to 50.00 deg.)
The most critical circle is obtained from a search considering all the combinations of input entry and exit points.

Critical circles for each exit point (considering all specified entry points)
Exit Exit Point Entry Point Critical Circle
Point # (X,Y) (X,Y) ( Xc , Yc , R ) Fs STATUS
[m] [m] [m]

.1 1919.15 1268.07 1945.00 1283.80 1921.21 1293.79 25.80 2.16 . On extreme X-exit
2 1920.23 1268.80 1943.00 1282.41 1923.60 1289.01 20.49 2.19
3 1921.39 1269.50 1943.00 1282.41 1925.24 1287.60 18.51 2.24
4 1922.16 1270.29 1943.00 1282.41 1926.51 1286.78 17.06 2.43
5 1923.20 1271.03 1941.00 1282.31 1928.47 1282.40 12.53 2.58
6 1924.20 1271.76 1943.00 1282.41 1930.05 1283.35 12.98 3.12
7 1925.18 1272.51 1943.00 1282.41 1931.23 1282.60 11.77 3.59
8 1926.22 1273.19 1951.00 1287.95 1933.29 1289.50 17.78 4.32
9 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
10 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff
11 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 1929.41 1272.31 0.00 N/A #10 - Overhanging Cliff

Note: In the 'Status' column, OK means the critical circle was identified within the specified search domain. 'On extreme X-exit' means
that the critical result is on the edge of the search domain; a lower Fs may result if the search domain is expanded.

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

CRITICAL RESULTS OF ROTATIONAL AND TRANSLATIONAL STABILITY ANALYSES

Rotational (Circular Arc; Bishop) Stability Analysis
Minimum Factor of Safety = 2.16
Critical Circle: Xc = 1921.21[m], Yc = 1293.79[m], R = 25.80[m]. (Number of slices used = 58 )

Translational (2-Part Wedge; Spencer), Direct Sliding, Stability Analysis

Minimum Factor of Safety = 1.78
Critical Two-Part Wedge: (Xa = 1929.46, Ya = 1272.81) [m]
(Xb = 1934.63, Yb = 1272.81) [m]
(Xc = 1982.21, Yc = 1304.90) [m]
(Number of slices used = 30 )
Interslice resultant force inclination = 31.84 [degrees]

Three-Part Wedge Stability Analysis

NOT CONDUCTED
REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT: DRAWING

SCALE:
0 2 4 6 8 10 [m]

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT: TABULATED DATA & QUANTITIES

Height Embedded Covergae

Layer Reinf. Geosynthetic Relative Length Ratio, ( X, Y ) front ( X, Y ) rear Lsv * Lre
# Type # Designated Name to Toe [m] [m] Rc [m] [m] [m] [m]

1 1 GG 250 0.00 8.50 1.00 1929.41 1272.31 1937.91 1272.31 0.00 0.00
2 1 GG 250 0.50 8.50 1.00 1929.46 1272.81 1937.96 1272.81 0.00 0.00
3 1 GG 250 1.00 8.50 1.00 1929.52 1273.31 1938.02 1273.31 0.00 0.00
4 1 GG 250 1.50 8.50 1.00 1929.57 1273.81 1938.07 1273.81 0.00 0.00
5 1 GG 250 2.00 8.50 1.00 1929.62 1274.31 1938.12 1274.31 0.00 0.00
6 1 GG 250 2.50 8.00 1.00 1929.67 1274.81 1937.67 1274.81 0.00 0.00
7 1 GG 250 3.00 8.00 1.00 1929.73 1275.31 1937.73 1275.31 0.00 0.00
8 1 GG 250 3.50 8.00 1.00 1929.78 1275.81 1937.78 1275.81 0.00 0.00
9 1 GG 250 4.00 8.00 1.00 1929.83 1276.31 1937.83 1276.31 0.00 0.00
10 1 GG 250 4.50 8.00 1.00 1929.88 1276.81 1937.88 1276.81 0.00 0.00
11 1 GG 250 5.00 7.00 1.00 1929.93 1277.31 1936.93 1277.31 0.00 0.00
12 1 GG 250 6.00 7.00 1.00 1930.04 1278.31 1937.04 1278.31 0.00 0.00
13 1 GG 250 7.00 7.00 1.00 1930.14 1279.31 1937.14 1279.31 0.00 0.00
14 1 GG 250 8.00 7.00 1.00 1930.25 1280.31 1937.25 1280.31 0.00 0.00
15 1 GG 250 9.00 7.00 1.00 1930.35 1281.31 1937.35 1281.31 0.00 0.00

* Vertical distance between layers.

QUANTITIES
Reinf. Type # Designated Name Coverage Ratio Area of reinforcemnt [m²] / length of slope [m]
1 GG 250 1.00 117.50

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ReSSA -- Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis RSWGB Wall for Raturisera (CH 108)
Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 18:17:30 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\ressa\RS Wall Analysis 10m high Static.MSE

SAFETY MAP: BISHOP ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS MODE

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MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

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AASHTO 2002 ASD DESIGN METHOD

RSWGB Wall
MSEW(3.0): Update # 14.981

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
Title: RSWGB Wall
Project Number: - 10/2021
Client: --
Designer: -
Station Number:

Description:
Reinforced Soil Wall with Gabion Facing at Raturisera (CH 108)

Company's information:
Name:
Street:

,
Telephone #:
Fax #:
E-Mail:

Original file path and name: C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSE.....

.....l Wall 10 m High.BEN
Original date and time of creating this file: 13 Oct 2021

PROGRAM MODE: ANALYSIS

of a SIMPLE STRUCTURE
using GEOGRID as reinforcing material.

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MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

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SOIL DATA
REINFORCED SOIL
Unit weight, γ 18.0 kN/m ³
Design value of internal angle of friction, φ 30.0 °

RETAINED SOIL
Unit weight, γ 18.0 kN/m ³
Design value of internal angle of friction, φ 30.0 °

FOUNDATION SOIL (Considered as an equivalent uniform soil)

Equivalent unit weight, γ equiv. 19.0 kN/m ³
Equivalent internal angle of friction, φequiv. 32.0 °
Equivalent cohesion, c equiv. 20.0 kPa

Water table does not affect bearing capacity

LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS

Ka (internal stability) = 0.3333 (if batter is less than 10°, Ka is calculated from eq. 15. Otherwise, eq. 38 is utilized)
Inclination of internal slip plane, ψ = 60.00° (see Fig. 28 in DEMO 82).
Ka (external stability) = 0.3333 (if batter is less than 10°, Ka is calculated from eq. 16. Otherwise, eq. 17 is utilized)

BEARING CAPACITY
Bearing capacity coefficients (calculated by MSEW): Nc = 35.49 N γ = 30.21

SEISMICITY
Maximum ground acceleration coefficient, A = 0.180
Design acceleration coefficient in Internal Stability: Kh = Am = 0.229
Design acceleration coefficient in External Stability: Kh_d = 0.229 => Kh = Am = 0.229

Kae ( Kh > 0 ) = 0.4598 Kae ( Kh = 0 ) = 0.2946 ∆ Kae = 0.1652

Seismic soil-geogrid friction coefficient, F* is 80.0% of its specified static value.

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Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

INPUT DATA: Geogrids

(Analysis)

D A T A Geogrid Geogrid Geogrid Geogrid Geogrid

type #1 type #2 type #3 type #4 type #5
Tult [kN/m] 250.0
Durability reduction factor, RFd 1.20
Installation-damage reduction factor, RFid 1.15
Creep reduction factor, RFc 1.52 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Fs-overall for strength N/A
Coverage ratio, Rc 1.000

Friction angle along geogrid-soil interface, ρ 26.14

Pullout resistance factor, F* 0.85·tan φ N/A N/A N/A N/A
Scale-effect correction factor, α 0.8

Variation of Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient With Depth

K / Ka
Z K / Ka 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
0
0m 1.00
1m 1.00 Z [m]
2
2m 1.00
3m 1.00
4
4m 1.00
5m 1.00
6
6m 1.00
8

10

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Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

INPUT DATA: Facia and Connection

(Analysis)
FACIA type: Segmental precast concrete panels.
Depth of panel is 1.00 m. Horizontal distance to Center of Gravity of panel is 0.50 m.
Average unit weight of panel is γ f = 16.00 kN/m ³

Z / Hd To-static / Tmax Top of wall

or To-seismic / Tmd Z / Hd 0.00
0.25
0.00 1.00
0.50
0.25 1.00
0.50 1.00 0.75
0.75 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00
1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50
To-static / Tmax or To-seismic / Tmd

D A T A (for connection only) Type #1 Type #2 Type #3 Type #4 Type #5

Product Name GG-250 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Durability reduction factor, RFd 1.20 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Creep reduction factor, RFc 1.52 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Overall factor of safety: connection break, Fs N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Overall factor of safety: connection pullout, Fs N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
CRu = Tult-connection/Tult-geogrid 0.90 N/A N/A N/A N/A

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MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

INPUT DATA: Geometry and Surcharge loads (of a SIMPLE STRUCTURE)

Design height, Hd 10.00 [m] { Embedded depth is E = 1.00 m, and height above top of finished
bottom grade is H = 9.00 m }
Batter, ω 6.0 [deg]
Backslope, β 0.0 [deg]
Backslope rise 0.0 [m] Broken back equivalent angle, I = 0.00° (see Fig. 25 in DEMO 82)

UNIFORM SURCHARGE
Uniformly distributed dead load is 10.0 [kPa], and live load is 24.0 [kPa]

OTHER EXTERNAL LOAD(S)

[S1] Strip Load, Qv-d = 27.5 and Qv-l = 0.0 [kPa].
Footing width, b=2.0 [m]. Distance of center of footing from wall face, d = 1.0 [m] @ depth of 0.0 [m] below soil surface.

ANALYZED REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT:

[S1]

SCALE:
0 2 4 6 [m]

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MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

ANALYSIS: CALCULATED FACTORS (Static conditions)

Bearing capacity, Fs = 11.30, Meyerhof stress = 244.21 kPa.
Foundation Interface: Direct sliding, Fs = 2.186, Eccentricity, e/L = 0.0962, Fs-overturning = 4.43
GEOGRID CONNECTION
Fs-overall Fs-overall Fs-overall Geogrid Pullout Direct Eccentricity Product
# Elevation Length Type [pullout [connection [geogrid strength resistance sliding e/L name
[m] [m] # resistance] break] strength] Fs Fs Fs

1 0.00 8.50 1 N/A 6.77 6.54 6.541 67.410 1.858 0.0962 GG-250
2 0.50 8.50 1 N/A 3.49 3.37 3.372 33.120 1.943 0.0880 GG-250
3 1.00 8.50 1 N/A 3.64 3.52 3.516 32.593 2.035 0.0804 GG-250
4 1.50 8.50 1 N/A 3.80 3.67 3.673 31.800 2.137 0.0733 GG-250
5 2.00 8.50 1 N/A 3.98 3.84 3.844 30.636 2.248 0.0667 GG-250
6 2.50 8.00 1 N/A 4.17 4.03 4.031 27.439 2.232 0.0688 GG-250
7 3.00 8.00 1 N/A 4.38 4.24 4.236 26.158 2.362 0.0625 GG-250
8 3.50 8.00 1 N/A 4.62 4.46 4.462 24.838 2.508 0.0568 GG-250
9 4.00 8.00 1 N/A 4.88 4.71 4.712 23.499 2.673 0.0519 GG-250
10 4.50 8.00 1 N/A 5.16 4.99 4.989 22.123 2.862 0.0477 GG-250
11 5.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.71 3.59 3.588 11.633 2.706 0.0550 GG-250
12 6.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.12 3.02 3.017 7.161 3.206 0.0479 GG-250
13 7.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.61 3.49 3.488 5.598 3.953 0.0461 GG-250
14 8.00 7.00 1 N/A 4.24 4.10 4.096 4.000 5.254 0.0525 GG-250
15 9.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.49 3.37 3.371 1.708 8.526 0.0754 GG-250

ANALYSIS: CALCULATED FACTORS (Seismic conditions)

Bearing capacity, Fs = 7.47, Meyerhof stress = 310.60 kPa.
Foundation Interface: Direct sliding, Fs = 1.345, Eccentricity, e/L = 0.1962, Fs-overturning = 2.39
GEOGRID CONNECTION
Fs-overall Fs-overall Fs-overall Geogrid Pullout Direct Eccentricity Product
# Elevation Length Type [pullout [connection [geogrid strength resistance sliding e/L name
[m] [m] # resistance] break] strength] Fs Fs Fs

1 0.00 8.50 1 N/A 5.09 4.92 4.918 35.912 1.143 0.1962 GG-250
2 0.50 8.50 1 N/A 2.99 2.89 2.893 21.173 1.202 0.1776 GG-250
3 1.00 8.50 1 N/A 3.12 3.01 3.011 20.782 1.267 0.1601 GG-250
4 1.50 8.50 1 N/A 3.25 3.14 3.139 20.219 1.339 0.1438 GG-250
5 2.00 8.50 1 N/A 3.39 3.28 3.279 19.420 1.418 0.1286 GG-250
6 2.50 8.00 1 N/A 3.59 3.47 3.465 17.589 1.419 0.1296 GG-250
7 3.00 8.00 1 N/A 3.76 3.63 3.634 16.720 1.514 0.1148 GG-250
8 3.50 8.00 1 N/A 3.95 3.82 3.820 15.826 1.623 0.1014 GG-250
9 4.00 8.00 1 N/A 4.16 4.02 4.024 14.922 1.749 0.0894 GG-250
10 4.50 8.00 1 N/A 4.40 4.25 4.250 13.997 1.894 0.0787 GG-250
11 5.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.38 3.27 3.265 8.092 1.815 0.0877 GG-250
12 6.00 7.00 1 N/A 2.91 2.81 2.808 5.145 2.221 0.0678 GG-250
13 7.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.35 3.24 3.240 4.012 2.862 0.0566 GG-250
14 8.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.93 3.80 3.799 2.859 4.047 0.0566 GG-250
15 9.00 7.00 1 N/A 3.31 3.20 3.195 1.261 7.223 0.0762 GG-250

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MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

BEARING CAPACITY for GIVEN LAYOUT

STATIC SEISMIC UNITS

(Water table does not affect bearing capacity)
Ultimate bearing capacity, q-ult 2759.3 2321.2 [kPa]
Meyerhof stress, σV 244.21 310.6 [kPa]
Eccentricity, e 0.68 1.44 [m]
Eccentricity, e/L 0.080 0.170
Fs calculated 11.30 7.47
Base length 8.50 8.50 [m]

[S1]

SCALE:

0 2 4 6 [m]

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MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

DIRECT SLIDING for GIVEN LAYOUT (for GEOGRID reinforcements)

Along reinforced and foundation soils interface: Fs-static = 2.186 and Fs-seismic = 1.345

# Geogrid Geogrid Fs Fs Geogrid

Elevation Length Static Seismic Type # Product name
[m] [m]

1 0.00 8.50 1.858 1.143 1 GG-250

2 0.50 8.50 1.943 1.202 1 GG-250
3 1.00 8.50 2.035 1.267 1 GG-250
4 1.50 8.50 2.137 1.339 1 GG-250
5 2.00 8.50 2.248 1.418 1 GG-250
6 2.50 8.00 2.232 1.419 1 GG-250
7 3.00 8.00 2.362 1.514 1 GG-250
8 3.50 8.00 2.508 1.623 1 GG-250
9 4.00 8.00 2.673 1.749 1 GG-250
10 4.50 8.00 2.862 1.894 1 GG-250
11 5.00 7.00 2.706 1.815 1 GG-250
12 6.00 7.00 3.206 2.221 1 GG-250
13 7.00 7.00 3.953 2.862 1 GG-250
14 8.00 7.00 5.254 4.047 1 GG-250
15 9.00 7.00 8.526 7.223 1 GG-250

ECCENTRICITY for GIVEN LAYOUT

At interface with foundation: e/L static = 0.0962, e/L seismic = 0.1962; Overturning: Fs-static = 4.43, Fs-seismic = 2.39

# Geogrid Geogrid e/L e/L Geogrid

Elevation Length Static Seismic Type # Product name
[m] [m]

1 0.00 8.50 0.0962 0.1962 1 GG-250

2 0.50 8.50 0.0880 0.1776 1 GG-250
3 1.00 8.50 0.0804 0.1601 1 GG-250
4 1.50 8.50 0.0733 0.1438 1 GG-250
5 2.00 8.50 0.0667 0.1286 1 GG-250
6 2.50 8.00 0.0688 0.1296 1 GG-250
7 3.00 8.00 0.0625 0.1148 1 GG-250
8 3.50 8.00 0.0568 0.1014 1 GG-250
9 4.00 8.00 0.0519 0.0894 1 GG-250
10 4.50 8.00 0.0477 0.0787 1 GG-250
11 5.00 7.00 0.0550 0.0877 1 GG-250
12 6.00 7.00 0.0479 0.0678 1 GG-250
13 7.00 7.00 0.0461 0.0566 1 GG-250
14 8.00 7.00 0.0525 0.0566 1 GG-250
15 9.00 7.00 0.0754 0.0762 1 GG-250

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Copyright © 1998-2019 ADAMA Engineering, Inc. License number MSEW-302168
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

RESULTS for STRENGTH

Live Load included in calculating Tmax

# Geogrid Tavailable Tmax Tmd Specified Actual Specified Actual

Elevation [kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] minimum calculated minimum calculated Product
[m] Fs-overall Fs-overall Fs-overall Fs-overall name
static static seismic seismic

1 0.00 119.2 18.22 9.14 N/A 6.541 N/A 4.918 GG-250

2 0.50 119.2 35.35 8.89 N/A 3.372 N/A 2.893 GG-250
3 1.00 119.2 33.90 8.63 N/A 3.516 N/A 3.011 GG-250
4 1.50 119.2 32.45 8.38 N/A 3.673 N/A 3.139 GG-250
5 2.00 119.2 31.01 8.13 N/A 3.844 N/A 3.279 GG-250
6 2.50 119.2 29.57 7.33 N/A 4.031 N/A 3.465 GG-250
7 3.00 119.2 28.14 7.08 N/A 4.236 N/A 3.634 GG-250
8 3.50 119.2 26.71 6.83 N/A 4.462 N/A 3.820 GG-250
9 4.00 119.2 25.30 6.57 N/A 4.712 N/A 4.024 GG-250
10 4.50 119.2 23.89 6.32 N/A 4.989 N/A 4.250 GG-250
11 5.00 119.2 33.22 4.99 N/A 3.588 N/A 3.265 GG-250
12 6.00 119.2 39.50 4.48 N/A 3.017 N/A 2.808 GG-250
13 7.00 119.2 34.17 3.97 N/A 3.488 N/A 3.240 GG-250
14 8.00 119.2 29.10 3.47 N/A 4.096 N/A 3.799 GG-250
15 9.00 119.2 35.35 2.96 N/A 3.371 N/A 3.195 GG-250

RESULTS for PULLOUT Live Load included in calculating Tmax

NOTE: Live load is not included in calculating the overburden pressure used to assess pullout resistance.

# Geogrid Coverage Tmax Tmd Le La Avail.Static Specified Actual Avail.Seism. Specified Actual
Elevation Ratio [kN/m] [kN/m] [m] [m] Pullout, Pr Static Static Pullout, Pr Seismic Seismic
[m] (see NOTE) [kN/m] Fs Fs [kN/m] Fs Fs

1 0.00 1.000 18.22 9.14 8.50 0.00 1228.3 N/A 67.410 982.6 N/A 35.912
2 0.50 1.000 35.35 8.89 8.26 0.24 1170.8 N/A 33.120 936.6 N/A 21.173
3 1.00 1.000 33.90 8.63 8.03 0.47 1104.9 N/A 32.593 883.9 N/A 20.782
4 1.50 1.000 32.45 8.38 7.79 0.71 1031.9 N/A 31.800 825.5 N/A 20.219
5 2.00 1.000 31.01 8.13 7.56 0.94 949.9 N/A 30.636 760.0 N/A 19.420
6 2.50 1.000 29.57 7.33 6.82 1.18 811.3 N/A 27.439 649.1 N/A 17.589
7 3.00 1.000 28.14 7.08 6.58 1.42 736.0 N/A 26.158 588.8 N/A 16.720
8 3.50 1.000 26.71 6.83 6.35 1.65 663.5 N/A 24.838 530.8 N/A 15.826
9 4.00 1.000 25.30 6.57 6.11 1.89 594.4 N/A 23.499 475.5 N/A 14.922
10 4.50 1.000 23.89 6.32 5.87 2.13 528.5 N/A 22.123 422.8 N/A 13.997
11 5.00 1.000 33.22 4.99 4.64 2.36 386.5 N/A 11.633 309.2 N/A 8.092
12 6.00 1.000 39.50 4.48 4.17 2.83 282.9 N/A 7.161 226.3 N/A 5.145
13 7.00 1.000 34.17 3.97 3.69 3.31 191.3 N/A 5.598 153.0 N/A 4.012
14 8.00 1.000 29.10 3.47 3.22 3.78 116.4 N/A 4.000 93.1 N/A 2.859
15 9.00 1.000 35.35 2.96 2.75 4.25 60.4 N/A 1.708 48.3 N/A 1.261

Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

RSWGB Wall Page 9 of 10

Copyright © 1998-2019 ADAMA Engineering, Inc. License number MSEW-302168
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

MSEW -- Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls RSWGB Wall

Present Date/Time: Wed Oct 13 17:55:06 2021 C:\Users\hmadu\Downloads\Raturisera (CH 108)\Output\MSEW\Reinforced SOil Wall 10 m High.BEN
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

RESULTS for CONNECTION (static conditions)

Live Load included in calculating Tmax
# Geogrid Connection Reduction Reduction Available Available Available Fs-overall Fs-overall Fs-overall
Elevation force, To factor for factor for connection connection Geogrid connection connection Geogrid Product
[m] [kN/m] connection connection strength, strength, strength, break pullout strength name
break, pullout, Tc-break Tc-pullout Tavailable
CRu CRs criterion criterion [kN/m] Specified Actual Specified Actual Specified Actual
[kN/m] [kN/m]

1 0.00 18.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 6.77 N/A N/A N/A 6.54 GG-250
2 0.50 35.4 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.49 N/A N/A N/A 3.37 GG-250
3 1.00 33.9 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.64 N/A N/A N/A 3.52 GG-250
4 1.50 32.5 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.80 N/A N/A N/A 3.67 GG-250
5 2.00 31.0 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.98 N/A N/A N/A 3.84 GG-250
6 2.50 29.6 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.17 N/A N/A N/A 4.03 GG-250
7 3.00 28.1 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.38 N/A N/A N/A 4.24 GG-250
8 3.50 26.7 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.62 N/A N/A N/A 4.46 GG-250
9 4.00 25.3 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.88 N/A N/A N/A 4.71 GG-250
10 4.50 23.9 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 5.16 N/A N/A N/A 4.99 GG-250
11 5.00 33.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.71 N/A N/A N/A 3.59 GG-250
12 6.00 39.5 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.12 N/A N/A N/A 3.02 GG-250
13 7.00 34.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.61 N/A N/A N/A 3.49 GG-250
14 8.00 29.1 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.24 N/A N/A N/A 4.10 GG-250
15 9.00 35.4 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.49 N/A N/A N/A 3.37 GG-250

RESULTS for CONNECTION (seismic conditions)

Live Load included in calculating Tmax
# Geogrid Connection Reduction Reduction Available Available Available Fs-overall Fs-overall Fs-overall
Elevation force, To factor for factor for connection connection Geogrid connection connection Geogrid Product
[m] [kN/m] connection connection strength, strength, strength, break pullout strength name
break, pullout, Tc-break Tc-pullout Tavailable
CRu CRs criterion criterion [kN/m] Specified Actual Specified Actual Specified Actual
[kN/m] [kN/m]

1 0.00 27.4 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 5.09 N/A N/A N/A 4.92 GG-250
2 0.50 44.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 2.99 N/A N/A N/A 2.89 GG-250
3 1.00 42.5 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.12 N/A N/A N/A 3.01 GG-250
4 1.50 40.8 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.25 N/A N/A N/A 3.14 GG-250
5 2.00 39.1 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.39 N/A N/A N/A 3.28 GG-250
6 2.50 36.9 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.59 N/A N/A N/A 3.47 GG-250
7 3.00 35.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.76 N/A N/A N/A 3.63 GG-250
8 3.50 33.5 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.95 N/A N/A N/A 3.82 GG-250
9 4.00 31.9 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.16 N/A N/A N/A 4.02 GG-250
10 4.50 30.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 4.40 N/A N/A N/A 4.25 GG-250
11 5.00 38.2 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.38 N/A N/A N/A 3.27 GG-250
12 6.00 44.0 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 2.91 N/A N/A N/A 2.81 GG-250
13 7.00 38.1 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.35 N/A N/A N/A 3.24 GG-250
14 8.00 32.6 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.93 N/A N/A N/A 3.80 GG-250
15 9.00 38.3 0.90 N/A 123.4 N/A 119.2 N/A 3.31 N/A N/A N/A 3.20 GG-250

Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0

RSWGB Wall Page 10 of 10

Copyright © 1998-2019 ADAMA Engineering, Inc. License number MSEW-302168
Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0 MSEW Version 3.0
GABION WALL DESIGN
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
..

Gabion analysis
Input data
Project
Task : Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
Description : 5.0m High GB Intermidiate Wall
Customer : ...
Author : ..
Date : 13-10-2021
Settings
(input for current task)
Wall analysis
Active earth pressure calculation : Coulomb
Passive earth pressure calculation : Caquot-Kerisel
Earthquake analysis : Mononobe-Okabe
Shape of earth wedge : Calculate as skew
Allowable eccentricity : 0.333
Verification methodology : Safety factors (ASD)
Safety factors
Permanent design situation
Safety factor for overturning : SFo = 2.00 [–]
Safety factor for sliding resistance : SFs = 1.50 [–]
Safety factor for bearing capacity : SFb = 2.00 [–]
Safety factor for mesh strength : SFn = 1.50 [–]
Reduction coefficients
Permanent design situation
Reduction coeff. of friction between blocks : gf = 1.50 [–]

Safety factors
Seismic design situation
Safety factor for overturning : SFo = 1.50 [–]
Safety factor for sliding resistance : SFs = 1.12 [–]
Safety factor for bearing capacity : SFb = 1.50 [–]
Safety factor for mesh strength : SFn = 1.00 [–]
Reduction coefficients
Seismic design situation
Reduction coeff. of friction between blocks : gf = 1.50 [–]
Material of blocks - filling
g j c
No. Name
[kN/m3] [°] [kPa]
1 Material No. 1 16.00 40.00 0.00

1
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Material of blocks - mesh

Strength Spacing of Bear.cap.
No. Name overh. vert. meshes of front joint
Rt [kN/m] v [m] Rs [kN/m]
1 Material No. 1 40.00 1.00 40.00
Geometry of structure
Width Height Offset
No. Material
b [m] h [m] a [m]
5 1.00 1.00 0.25 Material No. 1
4 2.00 1.00 0.25 Material No. 1
3 3.00 1.00 0.25 Material No. 1
2 4.00 1.00 0.25 Material No. 1
1 5.00 1.00 - Material No. 1
Gabion slope = 0.00 °
Overall height = 5.00 m
Overall wall volume = 15.00 m3/m
Soil parameters
Backfill Soil
Unit weight : g = 19.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 32.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 20.00 kPa
Angle of friction struc.-soil : d = 21.00 °
Soil : cohesive
Poisson's ratio : n = 0.30
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 20.00 kN/m3

Foundation Soil
Unit weight : g = 26.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 30.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 180.00 kPa
Angle of friction struc.-soil : d = 20.00 °
Soil : cohesive
Poisson's ratio : n = 0.30
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 26.00 kN/m3

Geological profile and assigned soils

Layer
No. Assigned soil Pattern
[m]

1 5.00 Backfill Soil

2 - Backfill Soil

Foundation
Type of foundation : soil from geological profile

2
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Terrain profile
Coordinate Depth
No.
x [m] z [m]
1 0.00 0.00
2 6.00 0.00
3 11.00 -3.50
4 12.00 -3.50
Origin [0,0] is located in upper right edge of construction.
Positive coordinate +z has downward direction.

Water influence
Ground water table is located below the structure.

Resistance on front face of the structure

Resistance on front face of the structure: not considered
Soil on front face of the structure - Foundation Soil
Soil thickness in front of structure h = 0.10 m
Terrain in front of structure is flat.

Settings of the stage of construction

Design situation : permanent

Verification No. 1 (Stage of construction 1)

Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.83 240.00 2.17 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -3.26 58.24 3.32 1.000
Active pressure 23.94 -1.60 37.01 4.54 1.000
Verification of complete wall
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 881.30 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 38.27 kNm/m

Safety factor = 23.03 > 2.00

Wall for overturning is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 309.49 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 23.94 kN/m

Safety factor = 12.93 > 1.50

Wall for slip is SATISFACTORY

Overall check - WALL is SATISFACTORY

3
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Bearing capacity of foundation soil (Stage of construction 1)

Design load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force Eccentricity Stress
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [–] [kPa]
1 -4.90 335.25 23.94 0.000 67.05
Service load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]
1 -4.90 335.25 23.94
Dimensioning No. 1 (Stage of construction 1)
Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.50 160.00 1.75 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -2.63 38.10 2.73 1.000
Active pressure 7.76 -1.46 13.46 3.71 1.000
Verification of the most stressed construction joint - above the block No. 1
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 433.82 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 11.35 kNm/m

Safety factor = 38.23 > 2.00

Joint for overturning stability is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 177.53 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 7.76 kN/m

Safety factor = 22.88 > 1.50

Joint for slip is SATISFACTORY

Maximum pressure on the bottom block = 52.98 kPa

Red.Coeff. by offset of top block = 0.70
Average value of pressure on face = 12.98 kPa
Shear force transmitted by friction = 118.35 kN/m

Bearing capacity against transverse pressure:

Joint bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 6.49 kN/m

Safety factor = 6.16 > 1.50

Transverse pressure check is SATISFACTORY

Joint btw. blocks check:

Mesh material bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 6.49 kN/m

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 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Safety factor = 6.16 > 1.50

Joint between blocks is SATISFACTORY

Slope stability analysis

Input data
Project
Settings
(input for current task)
Stability analysis
Earthquake analysis : Standard
Verification methodology : Safety factors (ASD)
Safety factors
Permanent design situation
Safety factor : SFs = 1.30 [–]
Interface
Coordinates of interface points [m]
No. Interface location
x z x z x z
1 -12.50 -4.90 -2.00 -4.90 -2.00 -4.00
-1.75 -4.00 -1.75 -3.00 -1.50 -3.00
-1.50 -2.00 -1.25 -2.00 -1.25 -1.00
-1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.00 0.00 11.00 3.50 15.00 3.50

2 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.75 -1.00

0.75 -2.00 1.50 -2.00 1.50 -3.00
2.25 -3.00 2.25 -4.00 3.00 -4.00

3 -2.00 -5.00 3.00 -5.00 3.00 -4.00

15.00 -4.00

4 -12.50 -5.00 -2.00 -5.00 -2.00 -4.90

5 3.00 -5.00 15.00 -5.00

5
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Soil parameters - effective stress state

jef cef g
No. Name Pattern
[°] [kPa] [kN/m3]

1 Backfill Soil 32.00 20.00 19.00

2 Foundation Soil 30.00 180.00 26.00

Soil parameters - uplift

gsat gs n
No. Name Pattern
[kN/m3] [kN/m3] [–]

1 Backfill Soil 20.00

2 Foundation Soil 26.00

Soil parameters
Backfill Soil
Unit weight : g = 19.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 32.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 20.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 20.00 kN/m3

Foundation Soil
Unit weight : g = 26.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 30.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 180.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 26.00 kN/m3

Rigid bodies
g
No. Name Sample
[kN/m3]

1 Wall material 16.00

6
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Assigning and surfaces

Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned
No. Surface position
x z x z soil
1 15.00 -4.00 15.00 3.50
Backfill Soil
11.00 3.50 6.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00
0.75 -1.00 0.75 -2.00
1.50 -2.00 1.50 -3.00
2.25 -3.00 2.25 -4.00
3.00 -4.00

2 -2.00 -5.00 3.00 -5.00

Wall material
3.00 -4.00 2.25 -4.00
2.25 -3.00 1.50 -3.00
1.50 -2.00 0.75 -2.00
0.75 -1.00 0.00 -1.00
0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00
-1.00 -1.00 -1.25 -1.00
-1.25 -2.00 -1.50 -2.00
-1.50 -3.00 -1.75 -3.00
-1.75 -4.00 -2.00 -4.00
-2.00 -4.90
3 15.00 -5.00 15.00 -4.00
Backfill Soil
3.00 -4.00 3.00 -5.00

4 -2.00 -5.00 -2.00 -4.90

Foundation Soil
-12.50 -4.90 -12.50 -5.00

5 3.00 -5.00 -2.00 -5.00

Backfill Soil
-12.50 -5.00 -12.50 -10.00
15.00 -10.00 15.00 -5.00

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 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Water
Water type : No water
Tensile crack
Tensile crack not input.
Earthquake
Earthquake not included.
Settings of the stage of construction
Design situation : permanent
Results (Stage of construction 1)
Analysis 1
Circular slip surface
Slip surface parameters
x= -0.62 [m] a1 = -19.33 [°]
Center : Angles :
z= 10.66 [m] a2 = 64.27 [°]
Radius : R= 16.49 [m]
The slip surface after optimization.
Slope stability verification (Bishop)
Sum of active forces : Fa = 483.87 kN/m
Sum of passive forces : Fp = 1385.86 kN/m
Sliding moment : Ma = 7978.97 kNm/m
Resisting moment : Mp = 22852.81 kNm/m
Factor of safety = 2.86 > 1.30
Slope stability ACCEPTABLE

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 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
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Name : Analysis Stage - analysis : 1 - 1

Input data (Stage of construction 2)

Geological profile and assigned soils
Layer
No. Assigned soil Pattern
[m]

1 5.00 Backfill Soil

2 - Backfill Soil

9
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Name : Profile and assignment Stage - analysis : 2 - 0

4
5.00
3

Foundation
Type of foundation : soil from geological profile

Terrain profile
Coordinate Depth
No.
x [m] z [m]
1 0.00 0.00
2 6.00 0.00
3 11.00 -3.50
4 12.00 -3.50
Origin [0,0] is located in upper right edge of construction.
Positive coordinate +z has downward direction.

Water influence
Ground water table is located below the structure.

Resistance on front face of the structure

Resistance on front face of the structure: not considered
Soil on front face of the structure - Foundation Soil
Soil thickness in front of structure h = 0.10 m
Terrain in front of structure is flat.

Earthquake
Factor of horizontal acceleration Kh = 0.1800
Factor of vertical acceleration Kv = 0.1200
Water below the GWT is restricted.

Settings of the stage of construction

Design situation : seismic

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Verification No. 1 (Stage of construction 2)

Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.83 240.00 2.17 1.000
Earthq.- constr. 43.20 -1.83 -28.80 2.17 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -3.26 58.24 3.32 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 10.48 -3.26 -6.99 3.32 1.000
Active pressure 23.94 -1.60 37.01 4.54 1.000
Earthq.- act.pressure 36.09 -3.35 63.42 3.65 1.000
Verification of complete wall
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 1027.49 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 272.63 kNm/m

Safety factor = 3.77 > 1.50

Wall for overturning is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 309.96 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 113.72 kN/m

Safety factor = 2.73 > 1.12

Wall for slip is SATISFACTORY

Overall check - WALL is SATISFACTORY

Bearing capacity of foundation soil (Stage of construction 2)

Design load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force Eccentricity Stress
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [–] [kPa]
1 152.33 362.88 113.72 0.084 87.22
Service load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]
1 152.33 362.88 113.72
Dimensioning No. 1 (Stage of construction 2)
Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -0.50 16.00 0.50 1.000
Earthq.- constr. 2.88 -0.50 -1.92 0.50 1.000
Active pressure 0.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
Earthq.- act.pressure 1.20 -0.67 0.46 1.00 1.000

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Verification of the most stressed construction joint - above the block No. 4
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 7.50 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 2.24 kNm/m

Safety factor = 3.35 > 1.50

Joint for overturning stability is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 12.20 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 4.08 kN/m

Safety factor = 2.99 > 1.12

Joint for slip is SATISFACTORY

Maximum pressure on the bottom block = 20.09 kPa

Red.Coeff. by offset of top block = 0.70
Average value of pressure on face = 6.35 kPa
Shear force transmitted by friction = 8.13 kN/m

Bearing capacity against transverse pressure:

Joint bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 3.18 kN/m

Safety factor = 12.60 > 1.00

Transverse pressure check is SATISFACTORY

Joint btw. blocks check:

Mesh material bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 3.18 kN/m

Safety factor = 12.60 > 1.00

Joint between blocks is SATISFACTORY

Slope stability analysis

Input data
Project
Settings
(input for current task)
Stability analysis
Earthquake analysis : Standard
Verification methodology : Safety factors (ASD)
Safety factors
Seismic design situation
Safety factor : SFs = 1.10 [–]

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Interface
Coordinates of interface points [m]
No. Interface location
x z x z x z
1 -12.50 -4.90 -2.00 -4.90 -2.00 -4.00
-1.75 -4.00 -1.75 -3.00 -1.50 -3.00
-1.50 -2.00 -1.25 -2.00 -1.25 -1.00
-1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6.00 0.00 11.00 3.50 15.00 3.50

2 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.75 -1.00

0.75 -2.00 1.50 -2.00 1.50 -3.00
2.25 -3.00 2.25 -4.00 3.00 -4.00

3 -2.00 -5.00 3.00 -5.00 3.00 -4.00

15.00 -4.00

4 -12.50 -5.00 -2.00 -5.00 -2.00 -4.90

5 3.00 -5.00 15.00 -5.00

Soil parameters - effective stress state

jef cef g
No. Name Pattern
[°] [kPa] [kN/m3]

1 Backfill Soil 32.00 20.00 19.00

2 Foundation Soil 30.00 180.00 26.00

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Soil parameters - uplift

gsat gs n
No. Name Pattern
[kN/m3] [kN/m3] [–]

1 Backfill Soil 20.00

2 Foundation Soil 26.00

Soil parameters
Backfill Soil
Unit weight : g = 19.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 32.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 20.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 20.00 kN/m3

Foundation Soil
Unit weight : g = 26.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 30.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 180.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 26.00 kN/m3

Rigid bodies
g
No. Name Sample
[kN/m3]

1 Wall material 16.00

Assigning and surfaces

Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned
No. Surface position
x z x z soil
1 15.00 -4.00 15.00 3.50
Backfill Soil
11.00 3.50 6.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00
0.75 -1.00 0.75 -2.00
1.50 -2.00 1.50 -3.00
2.25 -3.00 2.25 -4.00
3.00 -4.00

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Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned

No. Surface position
x z x z soil
2 -2.00 -5.00 3.00 -5.00
Wall material
3.00 -4.00 2.25 -4.00
2.25 -3.00 1.50 -3.00
1.50 -2.00 0.75 -2.00
0.75 -1.00 0.00 -1.00
0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00
-1.00 -1.00 -1.25 -1.00
-1.25 -2.00 -1.50 -2.00
-1.50 -3.00 -1.75 -3.00
-1.75 -4.00 -2.00 -4.00
-2.00 -4.90
3 15.00 -5.00 15.00 -4.00
Backfill Soil
3.00 -4.00 3.00 -5.00

4 -2.00 -5.00 -2.00 -4.90

Foundation Soil
-12.50 -4.90 -12.50 -5.00

5 3.00 -5.00 -2.00 -5.00

Backfill Soil
-12.50 -5.00 -12.50 -10.00
15.00 -10.00 15.00 -5.00

Water
Water type : No water
Tensile crack
Tensile crack not input.
Earthquake
Horizontal seismic coefficient : Kh = 0.18
Vertical seismic coefficient : Kv = 0.12
Settings of the stage of construction
Design situation : seismic

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Results (Stage of construction 1)

Analysis 1
Circular slip surface
Slip surface parameters
x= -1.31 [m] a1 = -24.94 [°]
Center : Angles :
z= 5.41 [m] a2 = 75.66 [°]
Radius : R= 11.37 [m]
The slip surface after optimization.
The restrictions of points of circular slip surface
Keep the right end point of the slip surface
Slope stability verification (Bishop)
Sum of active forces : Fa = 391.10 kN/m
Sum of passive forces : Fp = 907.48 kN/m
Sliding moment : Ma = 4446.80 kNm/m
Resisting moment : Mp = 10318.06 kNm/m
Factor of safety = 2.32 > 1.10
Slope stability ACCEPTABLE

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Name : Analysis Stage - analysis : 1 - 1

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Gabion analysis
Input data
Project
Task : Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
Description : 5.0m High GB Toe Wall
Customer : ...
Author : ..
Date : 13-10-2021
Settings
(input for current task)
Wall analysis
Active earth pressure calculation : Coulomb
Passive earth pressure calculation : Caquot-Kerisel
Earthquake analysis : Mononobe-Okabe
Shape of earth wedge : Calculate as skew
Allowable eccentricity : 0.333
Verification methodology : Safety factors (ASD)
Safety factors
Permanent design situation
Safety factor for overturning : SFo = 2.00 [–]
Safety factor for sliding resistance : SFs = 1.50 [–]
Safety factor for bearing capacity : SFb = 2.00 [–]
Safety factor for mesh strength : SFn = 1.50 [–]
Reduction coefficients
Permanent design situation
Reduction coeff. of friction between blocks : gf = 1.50 [–]

Safety factors
Seismic design situation
Safety factor for overturning : SFo = 1.50 [–]
Safety factor for sliding resistance : SFs = 1.12 [–]
Safety factor for bearing capacity : SFb = 1.50 [–]
Safety factor for mesh strength : SFn = 1.00 [–]
Reduction coefficients
Seismic design situation
Reduction coeff. of friction between blocks : gf = 1.50 [–]
Material of blocks - filling
g j c
No. Name
[kN/m3] [°] [kPa]
1 Material No. 1 16.00 40.00 0.00

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Material of blocks - mesh

Strength Spacing of Bear.cap.
No. Name overh. vert. meshes of front joint
Rt [kN/m] v [m] Rs [kN/m]
1 Material No. 1 40.00 1.00 40.00
Geometry of structure
Width Height Offset
No. Material
b [m] h [m] a [m]
5 1.00 1.00 0.75 Material No. 1
4 2.00 1.00 0.75 Material No. 1
3 3.00 1.00 0.75 Material No. 1
2 4.00 1.00 0.75 Material No. 1
1 5.00 1.00 - Material No. 1
Gabion slope = 0.00 °
Overall height = 5.00 m
Overall wall volume = 15.00 m3/m
Soil parameters
Backfill Soil
Unit weight : g = 19.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 32.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 20.00 kPa
Angle of friction struc.-soil : d = 21.00 °
Soil : cohesive
Poisson's ratio : n = 0.30
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 20.00 kN/m3

Foundation Soil
Unit weight : g = 26.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 30.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 180.00 kPa
Angle of friction struc.-soil : d = 20.00 °
Soil : cohesive
Poisson's ratio : n = 0.30
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 26.00 kN/m3

Geological profile and assigned soils

Layer
No. Assigned soil Pattern
[m]

1 5.00 Backfill Soil

2 - Foundation Soil

Foundation
Type of foundation : soil from geological profile

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Terrain profile
Coordinate Depth
No.
x [m] z [m]
1 0.00 0.00
2 3.00 0.00
3 8.00 -5.00
4 9.00 -5.00
Origin [0,0] is located in upper right edge of construction.
Positive coordinate +z has downward direction.

Water influence
Ground water table is located below the structure.

Resistance on front face of the structure

Resistance on front face of the structure: not considered
Soil on front face of the structure - Foundation Soil
Soil thickness in front of structure h = 0.10 m
Soil slope in front of structure b = -15.00 °
Settings of the stage of construction
Design situation : permanent

Verification No. 1 (Stage of construction 1)

Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.83 240.00 2.83 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -1.19 1.34 4.83 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -2.15 1.07 4.58 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -3.15 1.07 4.33 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -4.15 1.07 4.08 1.000
Active pressure 57.53 -1.04 51.33 4.83 1.000
Verification of complete wall
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 948.56 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 59.87 kNm/m

Safety factor = 15.84 > 2.00

Wall for overturning is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 284.89 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 57.53 kN/m

Safety factor = 4.95 > 1.50

Wall for slip is SATISFACTORY

Overall check - WALL is SATISFACTORY

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Bearing capacity of foundation soil (Stage of construction 1)

Design load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force Eccentricity Stress
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [–] [kPa]
1 -148.99 295.88 57.53 0.000 59.18
Service load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]
1 -148.99 295.88 57.53
Dimensioning No. 1 (Stage of construction 1)
Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.50 160.00 2.25 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -1.15 1.07 3.83 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -2.15 1.07 3.58 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -3.15 1.07 3.33 1.000
Active pressure 22.49 -0.68 18.50 3.90 1.000
Verification of the most stressed construction joint - above the block No. 1
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 443.65 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 15.28 kNm/m

Safety factor = 29.04 > 2.00

Joint for overturning stability is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 152.47 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 22.49 kN/m

Safety factor = 6.78 > 1.50

Joint for slip is SATISFACTORY

Maximum pressure on the bottom block = 45.43 kPa

Red.Coeff. by offset of top block = 0.11
Average value of pressure on face = 3.68 kPa
Shear force transmitted by friction = 101.65 kN/m

Bearing capacity against transverse pressure:

Joint bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 1.84 kN/m

Safety factor = 21.71 > 1.50

Transverse pressure check is SATISFACTORY

Joint btw. blocks check:

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Mesh material bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m

Computed stress-state = 1.84 kN/m

Safety factor = 21.71 > 1.50

Joint between blocks is SATISFACTORY

Slope stability analysis

Input data
Project
Settings
(input for current task)
Stability analysis
Earthquake analysis : Standard
Verification methodology : Safety factors (ASD)
Safety factors
Permanent design situation
Safety factor : SFs = 1.30 [–]
Interface
Coordinates of interface points [m]
No. Interface location
x z x z x z
1 -12.50 -7.18 -4.37 -5.00 -4.00 -4.90
-4.00 -4.00 -3.25 -4.00 -3.25 -3.00
-2.50 -3.00 -2.50 -2.00 -1.75 -2.00
-1.75 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 8.00 5.00
15.00 5.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.25 -1.00
0.25 -2.00 0.50 -2.00 0.50 -3.00
0.75 -3.00 0.75 -4.00 1.00 -4.00

3 -4.00 -5.00 1.00 -5.00 1.00 -4.00

15.00 -4.00

4 -4.37 -5.00 -4.00 -5.00 -4.00 -4.90

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Coordinates of interface points [m]

No. Interface location
x z x z x z
5 1.00 -5.00 15.00 -5.00

Soil parameters - effective stress state

jef cef g
No. Name Pattern
[°] [kPa] [kN/m3]

1 Backfill Soil 32.00 20.00 19.00

2 Foundation Soil 30.00 180.00 26.00

Soil parameters - uplift

gsat gs n
No. Name Pattern
[kN/m3] [kN/m3] [–]

1 Backfill Soil 20.00

2 Foundation Soil 26.00

Soil parameters
Backfill Soil
Unit weight : g = 19.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 32.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 20.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 20.00 kN/m3

Foundation Soil
Unit weight : g = 26.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 30.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 180.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 26.00 kN/m3

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Rigid bodies
g
No. Name Sample
[kN/m3]

1 Wall material 16.00

Assigning and surfaces

Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned
No. Surface position
x z x z soil
1 15.00 -4.00 15.00 5.00
Backfill Soil
8.00 5.00 3.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00
0.25 -1.00 0.25 -2.00
0.50 -2.00 0.50 -3.00
0.75 -3.00 0.75 -4.00
1.00 -4.00

2 -4.00 -5.00 1.00 -5.00

Wall material
1.00 -4.00 0.75 -4.00
0.75 -3.00 0.50 -3.00
0.50 -2.00 0.25 -2.00
0.25 -1.00 0.00 -1.00
0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00
-1.00 -1.00 -1.75 -1.00
-1.75 -2.00 -2.50 -2.00
-2.50 -3.00 -3.25 -3.00
-3.25 -4.00 -4.00 -4.00
-4.00 -4.90
3 15.00 -5.00 15.00 -4.00
Backfill Soil
1.00 -4.00 1.00 -5.00

4 -4.00 -5.00 -4.00 -4.90

Foundation Soil
-4.37 -5.00

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Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned

No. Surface position
x z x z soil
5 1.00 -5.00 -4.00 -5.00
Foundation Soil
-4.37 -5.00 -12.50 -7.18
-12.50 -12.18 15.00 -12.18
15.00 -5.00

Water
Water type : No water
Tensile crack
Tensile crack not input.
Earthquake
Earthquake not included.
Settings of the stage of construction
Design situation : permanent
Results (Stage of construction 1)
Analysis 1
Circular slip surface
Slip surface parameters
x= -1.47 [m] a1 = -9.13 [°]
Center : Angles :
z= 12.34 [m] a2 = 65.25 [°]
Radius : R= 17.53 [m]
The slip surface after optimization.
Slope stability verification (Bishop)
Sum of active forces : Fa = 649.09 kN/m
Sum of passive forces : Fp = 2317.22 kN/m
Sliding moment : Ma = 11378.63 kNm/m
Resisting moment : Mp = 40620.91 kNm/m
Factor of safety = 3.57 > 1.30
Slope stability ACCEPTABLE

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Name : Analysis Stage - analysis : 1 - 1

Input data (Stage of construction 2)

Geological profile and assigned soils
Layer
No. Assigned soil Pattern
[m]

1 5.00 Backfill Soil

2 - Foundation Soil

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Name : Profile and assignment Stage - analysis : 2 - 0

5
4
5.00
3
2
1

Foundation
Type of foundation : soil from geological profile

Terrain profile
Coordinate Depth
No.
x [m] z [m]
1 0.00 0.00
2 3.00 0.00
3 13.00 -10.00
4 14.00 -10.00
Origin [0,0] is located in upper right edge of construction.
Positive coordinate +z has downward direction.

Water influence
Ground water table is located below the structure.

Resistance on front face of the structure

Resistance on front face of the structure: not considered
Soil on front face of the structure - Foundation Soil
Soil thickness in front of structure h = 0.10 m
Soil slope in front of structure b = -15.00 °
Earthquake
Factor of horizontal acceleration Kh = 0.1800
Factor of vertical acceleration Kv = 0.1200
Water below the GWT is restricted.

Settings of the stage of construction

Design situation : seismic

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Verification No. 1 (Stage of construction 2)

Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.83 240.00 2.83 1.000
Earthq.- constr. 43.20 -1.83 -28.80 2.83 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -1.19 1.34 4.83 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.24 -1.19 -0.16 4.83 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -2.15 1.07 4.58 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.19 -2.15 -0.13 4.58 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -3.15 1.07 4.33 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.19 -3.15 -0.13 4.33 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -4.15 1.07 4.08 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.19 -4.15 -0.13 4.08 1.000
Active pressure 66.06 -0.95 54.60 4.84 1.000
Earthq.- act.pressure 32.44 -3.32 32.67 4.37 1.000
Verification of complete wall
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 1023.59 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 251.86 kNm/m

Safety factor = 4.06 > 1.50

Wall for overturning is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 289.01 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 142.52 kN/m

Safety factor = 2.03 > 1.12

Wall for slip is SATISFACTORY

Overall check - WALL is SATISFACTORY

Bearing capacity of foundation soil (Stage of construction 2)

Design load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force Eccentricity Stress
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m] [–] [kPa]
1 -15.55 302.47 142.52 0.000 60.49
Service load acting at the center of footing bottom
Moment Norm. force Shear Force
No.
[kNm/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]
1 -15.55 302.47 142.52

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Dimensioning No. 1 (Stage of construction 2)

Forces acting on construction
Name Fhor App.Pt. Fvert App.Pt. Design
[kN/m] z [m] [kN/m] x [m] coefficient
Weight - wall 0.00 -1.50 160.00 2.25 1.000
Earthq.- constr. 28.80 -1.50 -19.20 2.25 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -1.15 1.07 3.83 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.19 -1.15 -0.13 3.83 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -2.15 1.07 3.58 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.19 -2.15 -0.13 3.58 1.000
Weight - earth wedge 0.00 -3.15 1.07 3.33 1.000
Earthquake - soil wedge 0.19 -3.15 -0.13 3.33 1.000
Active pressure 22.49 -0.68 18.50 3.90 1.000
Earthq.- act.pressure 20.70 -2.66 20.38 3.53 1.000
Verification of the most stressed construction joint - above the block No. 1
Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment Mres = 471.12 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 114.72 kNm/m

Safety factor = 4.11 > 1.50

Joint for overturning stability is SATISFACTORY

Check for slip

Resisting horizontal force Hres = 153.14 kN/m
Active horizontal force Hact = 72.57 kN/m

Safety factor = 2.11 > 1.12

Joint for slip is SATISFACTORY

Maximum pressure on the bottom block = 46.73 kPa

Red.Coeff. by offset of top block = 0.11
Average value of pressure on face = 3.72 kPa
Shear force transmitted by friction = 102.09 kN/m

Bearing capacity against transverse pressure:

Joint bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 1.86 kN/m

Safety factor = 21.48 > 1.00

Transverse pressure check is SATISFACTORY

Joint btw. blocks check:

Mesh material bear.capacity = 40.00 kN/m
Computed stress-state = 1.86 kN/m

Safety factor = 21.48 > 1.00

Joint between blocks is SATISFACTORY

12
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
..

Slope stability analysis

Input data
Project
Settings
(input for current task)
Stability analysis
Earthquake analysis : Standard
Verification methodology : Safety factors (ASD)
Safety factors
Seismic design situation
Safety factor : SFs = 1.10 [–]
Interface
Coordinates of interface points [m]
No. Interface location
x z x z x z
1 -12.50 -7.18 -4.37 -5.00 -4.00 -4.90
-4.00 -4.00 -3.25 -4.00 -3.25 -3.00
-2.50 -3.00 -2.50 -2.00 -1.75 -2.00
-1.75 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 13.00 10.00
15.00 10.00
2 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.25 -1.00
0.25 -2.00 0.50 -2.00 0.50 -3.00
0.75 -3.00 0.75 -4.00 1.00 -4.00

3 -4.00 -5.00 1.00 -5.00 1.00 -4.00

15.00 -4.00

4 -4.37 -5.00 -4.00 -5.00 -4.00 -4.90

5 1.00 -5.00 15.00 -5.00

13
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
..

Soil parameters - effective stress state

jef cef g
No. Name Pattern
[°] [kPa] [kN/m3]

1 Backfill Soil 32.00 20.00 19.00

2 Foundation Soil 30.00 180.00 26.00

Soil parameters - uplift

gsat gs n
No. Name Pattern
[kN/m3] [kN/m3] [–]

1 Backfill Soil 20.00

2 Foundation Soil 26.00

Soil parameters
Backfill Soil
Unit weight : g = 19.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 32.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 20.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 20.00 kN/m3

Foundation Soil
Unit weight : g = 26.00 kN/m3
Stress-state : effective
Angle of internal friction : jef = 30.00 °
Cohesion of soil : cef = 180.00 kPa
Saturated unit weight : gsat = 26.00 kN/m3

Rigid bodies
g
No. Name Sample
[kN/m3]

1 Wall material 16.00

14
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
..

Assigning and surfaces

Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned
No. Surface position
x z x z soil
1 15.00 -4.00 15.00 10.00
Backfill Soil
13.00 10.00 3.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00
0.25 -1.00 0.25 -2.00
0.50 -2.00 0.50 -3.00
0.75 -3.00 0.75 -4.00
1.00 -4.00

2 -4.00 -5.00 1.00 -5.00

Wall material
1.00 -4.00 0.75 -4.00
0.75 -3.00 0.50 -3.00
0.50 -2.00 0.25 -2.00
0.25 -1.00 0.00 -1.00
0.00 0.00 -1.00 0.00
-1.00 -1.00 -1.75 -1.00
-1.75 -2.00 -2.50 -2.00
-2.50 -3.00 -3.25 -3.00
-3.25 -4.00 -4.00 -4.00
-4.00 -4.90
3 15.00 -5.00 15.00 -4.00
Backfill Soil
1.00 -4.00 1.00 -5.00

4 -4.00 -5.00 -4.00 -4.90

Foundation Soil
-4.37 -5.00

15
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
..

Coordinates of surface points [m] Assigned

No. Surface position
x z x z soil
5 1.00 -5.00 -4.00 -5.00
Foundation Soil
-4.37 -5.00 -12.50 -7.18
-12.50 -12.18 15.00 -12.18
15.00 -5.00

Water
Water type : No water
Tensile crack
Tensile crack not input.
Earthquake
Horizontal seismic coefficient : Kh = 0.18
Vertical seismic coefficient : Kv = 0.12
Settings of the stage of construction
Design situation : seismic
Results (Stage of construction 1)
Analysis 1
Circular slip surface
Slip surface parameters
x= -2.43 [m] a1 = -10.33 [°]
Center : Angles :
z= 9.21 [m] a2 = 89.96 [°]
Radius : R= 14.63 [m]
The slip surface after optimization.
The restrictions of points of circular slip surface
Keep the right end point of the slip surface
Slope stability verification (Bishop)
Sum of active forces : Fa = 764.13 kN/m
Sum of passive forces : Fp = 2254.00 kN/m
Sliding moment : Ma = 11179.17 kNm/m
Resisting moment : Mp = 32975.97 kNm/m
Factor of safety = 2.95 > 1.10
Slope stability ACCEPTABLE

16
 Raturisera Landslide, Uttarkashi
..

Name : Analysis Stage - analysis : 1 - 1

17
RRM WALL DESIGN
 Input for design of rubble retaining wall

1 Height 3m <=6m
2 Base width 1.8m >1.25m 0.5m 0°
3 Top Width 0.5m >.5m
4 Unit Weight of Soil 20KN/sqm
5 Unit Weight of Masonry 24KN/sqm Values of top and bottom width of wall can be refered
6 Angle of Repose 30° 0.523599 from table 4 and 5 given below
7 Coefficient of friction 0.6 NOTE 1.Cement mortar ratio of 1:5(cement : Sand) or
8 Soil Bearing capacity 150KN/sqm richer shall be provided. 3m
9 Inclination of backfill 0° 0 NOTE 2.Through stones shall be provided at every 1.0m
interval both horizontally and vertically throughout the
Results Static length and height of the wall. In the absence of through 30.00KN
1 Factor of safety stones, reinforced concrete blocks of 100mmx100mm
a Sliding 1.66 safe shall be used 1m
b Overturning 3.20 safe Base of Wall
2 Bearing Stress 1.Provide 150mm stone soling below the base of wall
a Pmin 30.31KN/sqm safe 2.500 mm thick PCC in 1:3:6/40 mm aggregate 1.8m
b Pmax 61.69KN/sqm safe

Results Seismic
1 Factor of safety
a Sliding 1.55 safe
b Overturning 3.01 safe Through
2 Bearing Stress stones
a Pmin 26.69KN/sqm safe
b Pmax 65.31KN/sqm safe
 Calculations 0.5m

1 Active Pressure coefficient 0.33

2 horizontal force due to active pressure 30.00
3 weight of retaining wall
weight lever arm moment
a Triangular 46.8KN 0.86m 40.248KNm 3m
b Rectangular 36.00KN 1.55m 55.8KNm
total 82.8KN Sm 96.048KNm

30.00KN
overturning moment
lever arm moment 1m
horizontal force 30.00KN 1.00m 30KNm

1.8m
factor of safety gainst overturning 3.20
factor of safety gainst sliding 1.66

bearing check
net moment 66.048KNm 𝐾𝑎 = cos 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − (√𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2∅) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + (√𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2∅)
weight of wall 82.8KN
X 0.80m
e 0.10m

Pmin 30.311KN
Pmax 61.689KN
 Calculations 0.5m

1 Active Pressure coefficient 0.33

2 horizontal force due to active pressure 30.00 36.75 αh 0.225
3 weight of retaining wall αv 0.15
weight lever arm moment Seismic weight Moment
a Triangular 46.8KN 0.86m 40.248KNm 53.82KN 46.285KN 3m
b Rectangular 36.00KN 1.55m 55.8KNm 41.4KN 64.17KN
total 82.8KN Sm 96.048KNm 95.22KN 110.46KN

36.75KN
overturning moment
lever arm moment 1m
horizontal force 36.75KN 1.00m 36.8KNm

1.8m
factor of safety gainst overturning 3.01
factor of safety gainst sliding 1.55

bearing check
net moment 73.705KNm 𝐾𝑎 = cos 𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 − (√𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2∅) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + (√𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2∅)
weight of wall 95.22KN
X 0.77m
e 0.13m < 0.3m

Pmin 26.688KN OK
Pmax 65.312KN OK
GROYNES DESIGN
 Raturisera Land Slide (River Training/Bank Protection Works)

Hydraulic design of Spurs : (As per IS: 8048-1994)

Input Data

(i) Start Chainage = CH 108+045

(ii) Stretch Length = 130 m
(iii) Velocity = 6 m/sec (Assumed)
(iv) Discharge = 3800 m3/sec (Maximum)
(v) Width of River = 65 m (From Google Earth)
(vi) Depth of Flow at HFL = 7.5 m (As per site data)
(vii) Average River Bed Slope = 1 in 33 (Assumed)
(viii) Avg. diameter of Bed Material = 50 mm (for small boulders)

Hydraulic design

(1) Length of Spurs : "Ref :- As per IS 8408: 1994, Cl no. 5.2"

Length of Spurs > 2.5 ds

Effective length of Spur should not exceed 1/5th of width of flow = 13 m
ds = 0.473 (Q/f) 1/3 (cl no : 5.9.2 : Table No 1)

Where,
ds = maximum depth of scour
Q = Discharge in Cumecs
f = Silt Factor = 1.76 √d
d = Mean diameter of the river bed material
Therefore,
Silt Factor, f = 12.45
Max. Scour Depth, ds = 3.2 m
Required length of Spurs, L = 7.98 m
Provided Effective Length of Spur = 8.00 m (OK)

(2) Height of Spurs : (Considered Submerged Type of Spurs)

Spacing of Spurs = will depend upon the effective length of Spurs

Spurs can be designed to be higher than the water level at all times (non-submerged), or
submerged during the time of floods, emerging only when the flood recedes. In general, submerged
spurs are designed to be permeable, whereas non-submerged spurs are impermeable.

Submerged spurs should have a height between 1/3 and 1/2 of the water depth (Jha
et al. 2000)

Required height of Submerged Spurs = in between 2.5 m to 3.75 m

Provided Height of Spur = 5.0 m

(3) Spacing of Spurs Effective Length of Spurs :

Spacing of Spurs = will depend upon the effective length of Spurs

The effective length of spurs ≤ 1/5th of the width of flow (Cl no.5.2)

Effective length of the spurs is considered as the length of the spurs beyond the toe of the Embankment

Assumed width of the flow = 65 m

Effective length, Le = 13.00 m

The spacing between the Spurs = 2 to 2.5 times the effective length
The spacing between the Spurs = 26.00 m
Provided Spacing in between ≈ 25.00 m

(4) Top Width of Spurs :

Provided Top Width = 3.00 m

(as per requirement top width range 3 to 6 m) (Cl no.5.4)

(5) Calculations of Launching Apron :

(i) Width of the Launching Apron at Nose Portion

2 times scour depth (cl no: 5.9.2: Table No 1)
Width of Launching Apron at Nose = 6.38 m
Provided Width of Apron at Nose = 6.5 m

(ii) Width of the Launching Apron Transition from nose to shank

1.5 times scour depth (cl no: 5.9.2: Table No 1)
Width of Launching Apron at Shank = 4.785 m
Provided Width of Apron = 5 m (OK)
ANNEXURE – III: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
 TENDER SPECIFICATION

FOR SUPPLY OF METAL GABION AND MATTRESSES

(EARTH RETAINING AND EROSION CONTROL)

1.0 GENERAL

This work comprises supply of Metal Gabion and Mattresses (Zinc + PVC
Coated) conforming to the material specifications stated herein, as per
the bill of quantity and schedule of supplies enclosed.

2.0 MATERIALS

2.1 General Requirements

Metal Wire Mesh product comprised doubled twisted hexagonally woven

hot dipped galvanized mild steel wire of diameter not less than 2.7 mm
having minimum Tensile Strength 350 N/mm² confirming to IS:280 and
or EN 10223-3. The Zinc Galvanization shall be heavy coating for soft
condition confirming to IS: 4826 and or EN 10244-2. For corrosive
environment, an additional PVC coating of 0.5 mm thickness shall be
provided over the Zinc Galvanization. The mesh of the Box shall be of
type 8 x 10 and 6 x 8 cm for Metal Gabion and Mattresses respectively as
per EN-10223. Mesh shall be doubled twisted at each intersection and
shall be mechanically selvedge along the edge of the boxes. The boxes
standard sizes shall be as per ASTM A 975. The box shall be divided into
compartments by diaphragms placed at 1 m centre to centre.

Indigenously manufactured Metal Gabion and Mattresses should be

preferred, considering advantages of shorter delivery periods, no
inventory pile-up and rates being not affected by fluctuation of exchange
rate of foreign currency.

A plant visit by the Engineer’s representative to verify the manufacturer’s

quality control procedures and witness testing of products is also
required prior to the dispatch of material.

2.2 Transportation, Storage and Handling

Metal Gabion and Mattresses shall deliver at site in the form of bundles.
All bundles shall have a label or tag specifying name of the product,
name of the manufacturer, quantity of boxes, date of manufacture and
box dimension.

Material shall be protected from mud, dirt, debris, any other harmful
substances or mechanical damage during transportation.
1
Page
 Boxes shall be stored in a secured area sufficiently elevated above the
ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site
construction damage, precipitation, prolonged exposure like chemicals
that are strong acids or strong bases, flames including welding sparks,
high temperatures, and any other environmental conditions that may
damage the physical property values of the Metal Gabion and Mattresses.

Any material, which is damaged during transportation, handling or

storage and do not meet the minimum requirements of the specifications
is liable for rejection by the Engineer.

2.3 Quality Control & testing

The quality management system of the manufacturer shall conform to

the requirements of ISO 9001:2008 and In-house Laboratory should
have certificate of GAI-LAP & NABL Accreditation ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

Manufacturer shall issue a test report stating minimum average values of

material properties, at the time of shipment is made.

Manufacturer shall have in-house PVC manufacturing, coating and

testing facilities as per IS:4826/EN 10245-2 of specific gravity, hardness,
tensile strength and elongation.

The contractor shall have to give a certificate / (MOU) from the

manufacturer regarding Design support, Vetting of Design, Supply
sufficient quantity of Double Twisted Wire mesh Gabion and Mattresses
and Technical Assistance during Execution to the contractor for this
project.

Supplied material shall witness at manufacturer’s NABL Accreditation

laboratory by collecting sample from site to conduct joint tests with the
department, client and contractor’s officials.

Contractor shall furnish proof of all above and it is mandatory.

2.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties

The Physical and Mechanical properties of Metal Gabion and Mattresses shall
conform as per below:
2
Page
‘D’ (mm)=60/80 mm (EN 10223-3 / ASTM A 975 METAL GABION BOX
Fig-1 Fig-2

Mesh and Box Characteristics of Metal Gabion and Mattresses:

Mesh Types and Shapes shall confirm to Table:1

Table: 1
MESH TYPE ‘D’ NOMINAL SIZE
TOLERANCES
(cm) (mm)
8 X 10 80
+16% to -4%
6X8 60

Mesh and Box Characteristics of Gabion and Mattresses:

MESH TYPE (cm) 8 X 10 6X8

‘D’ mm 80 60
WIRE TYPE ZINC + PVC COATED ZINC + PVC COATED
Mesh Wire Dia., mm 2.70/3.70* 2.20/3.20*
Edge/Selvedge Wire Dia., mm 3.40/4.40* 2.70/3.70*
Lacing Wire Dia., mm 2.20/3.20* 2.20/3.20*
PVC Coating thickness, mm Nominal-0.50 Nominal-0.50
Minimum-0.38 Minimum-0.38
Typical Sizes, meter 4x1x1/3 Nos., 3x1x1/2 Nos., 2x1x1/1 No.,
Length x Width x Height/ 1.5x1x1/0 No., 4x1x0.5/3 Nos., 3x1x0.5/2
Number of Diaphragms Nos., 2x1x0.5/1 No., 4x1x0.3/3 Nos.,
3x1x0.3/2 Nos., 2x1x0.3/1 No.,
Tolerances in Size of Gabion Length & Width= ±5%, Height >0.3m= ±5%,
Boxes Height <0.3m= ±10%
*Internal Diameter/External Diameter of PVC coating wire (ID/OD)
Only standard sizes of Gabion Boxes are indicated in the table above.
Special sizes can also be ordered as agreed between the purchaser and
manufacturer.
3
Page
Permitted Tolerances on Galvanized Steel Wire Diameters:

NOMINAL DIAMETER OF PERMITTED TOLERANCES (±) ON

GALVANIZED WIRE, mm WIRE DIAMETERS, mm
2.70 0.07
3.40 0.09
2.20 0.06

Mass of Zinc Coating: The coating weight shall conform to the requirements of
IS:4826 heavily coated and soft type.

NOMINAL DIAMETER OF MASS OF ZINC COATING

GALVANIZED WIRE, mm g/m²
2.70 245
3.40 265
2.20 230

The Zinc Coating shall remain adherent to the steel wire and conform to
IS:4826 such that Zinc Coating does not flake off, nor crack to such an extent
that there is possibility of removing any Zinc by rubbing with bare fingers, the
use of finger nails being not allowed.

3 TERMINOLOGY OF METAL GABION AND MATTRESSES

3.1 Double Twisted Wire Mesh: A non-raveling mesh made by twisting

continuous pairs of wires through three-one-half turns (commonly called
double-twisted) to form hexagonal shaped openings which are then
interconnected to adjacent wires to form hexagonal openings. Fig-1

3.2 Gabion: A double-twisted wire mesh container of variable sizes,

uniformly partitioned into internal cells having mesh opening (8 x 10)
cm, inter-connected with other similar units, and filled with trap stone
rubble at the project site to form flexible, permeable, monolithic
structures for earth retaining and erosion control projects. Fig-2

3.3 Gabion Mattresses: A double-twisted wire mesh container of variable

sizes, uniformly partitioned into internal cells with relatively smaller
height in relation to other dimensions, having smaller mesh openings (6
x 8) cm than the mesh used for gabions inter-connected with other
similar units, and filled with trap stone rubble at the project site to form
flexible, permeable, monolithic structures for scour apron, river bank
protection and slope protection projects. Fig-3
4
Page
 Fig-3
3.4 Selvedge Wire: A terminal wire used to edge the wire mesh
perpendicular to the double-twist by mechanically wrapping the mesh
wire around it at least 2.5 times. Fig-4

Fig-4

3.5 Edge Wire: A terminal wire of the same diameter as the selvedge wire
used to edge the wire mesh parallel to the double-twist by continuously
weaving it mechanically into the wire mesh. Fig-4

3.6 Lacing Wire: A terminal wire used to assemble and interconnect empty
units, to close and secure stone-filled units and for internal stiffeners.
5
Page

Fig-5
3.7 Diaphragm: An internal partition made of same double-twisted wire
mesh panel in a gabion and mattresses that is attached to the bottom,
the sides, and after the gabion box is packed with stones, to the lid of the
box. Fig-1

3.8 Bracing Wire: A length of wire used for support of facing by connecting
the front panel to the back panel of gabion box and having the same
diameter as the lacing wire. Fig-6

Fig-6
4 INSTALLATION

4.1 Site Preparation

The foundation shall be prepared by clearing, grubbing, and excavation

or filling the area to the design grade and well compacted to achieve
batter as per designed cross section.

4.2 Specification for Assembly and Erection:

4.1 Scope

This specification details the requirements from the assembly stage

through to the final wiring of the completed Metal Gabion and Mattresses
product.

The contractor shall provide to the Engineer, for his approval, full details
and specifications of the gabion he proposes to use in this contract. Only
those products so approved by the Engineer shall be allowed to be
incorporated in the works.

4.2 Assembly

Prior to assembly, the gabion material shall be opened out flat on the
ground and stretched to remove all kinks and bends.

The gabion boxes shall be assembled individually, by raising the sides,

6

ends and diaphragms, ensuring that all creases are in the correct
Page

position and that the tops of all four sides and the diaphragms are even.
 The four corner edges of the Gabion boxes shall be laced first, followed by
the edges of internal diaphragms to the sides.

In all cases, lacing shall commence by twisting the end of the lacing wire
tightly around the selvedge/s. It shall then pass round the two edges
being joined using alternate single and double loops at 100mm intervals
and be securely tied off at the bottom. The ends of all lacing wires shall
be turned to the inside of the box on completion of each lacing operation.
Each loop shall be pulled tight to prevent the joint opening during filling.
Tightness of the lacing is essential.

4.3 Placing of Metal Gabion and Mattresses

Gabion boxes and Mattresses shall be placed in position on the prepared

foundation as per designed cross-section with process of unfolding the
gabion by bundles, folding them as per size to prepare a box with
fastening edges by lacing wire. Adjacent boxes shall be tie with lacing
wire on each side.

To ensure proper alignment of Metal Gabion and Mattresses, bracing

shall be used on the front face of Gabions.

4.4 Geotextile

CE Marked needle punched and mechanically bonded Nonwoven

Geotxtile indigenously manufactured from high quality polypropylene
staple fibres (continuous filament will not be accepted) as per MORTH-
700 shall be placed at the bottom and behind the Gabions and
Mattresses to allow passage of water and retention of backfill i.e
separation, filtration and drainage application.

4.5 Filling

The Metal Gabion & Mattresses shall be filled by carefully hand packing
the trap stones size 15-20 cm and or 20-50 Kg in weight as tightly as
possible and not by merely throwing of trap stones. Voids shall be filled
by proper hand packing with rubble chips.

All gabions shall be overfilled by 25mm using flat stone to allow for minor
settlement and to provide a level surface for subsequent layers.

After filling the Gabion Box upto top; the lid shall stretched and closed
tying by lacing wire to the front and side panels of the Gabion Box.

Prior to placing backfill, reinforced fill material as per project

requirements the installed Metal Gabion and Mattresses shall be
inspected and approved by the Engineer. Any damages during
7

construction shall be repaired and or removed as directed by the

Page

Engineer.
4.6 Placing and compacting backfill, reinforced fill material

The backfill, reinforced fill material shall be placed in layers as per

specification by end dumping after placement of Nonwoven Geotextile.

Backfill shall be compacted by baby roller and or mechanical compacter

of weight < 0.6 MT in layers to achieve good compaction. Heavy weight
Static of Vibratory Roller not allowed in 2 meter width stretch from the
wall line.

Movement of construction equipment directly over the backfill, reinforced

fill material beyond 2 m line from the Gabion wall shall not be permitted
to prevent disturbance in alignment of Gabions.

Sudden breaking and sharp turning of construction equipment shall be

avoided over 2 m line from the Gabion Wall and Mattresses.

5 APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

5.1 Approved Manufacturers

Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.

712 Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218
Cell: +91 9822097561

6 DELIVERY

Delivery of Metal Gabion and Mattresses shall be done according to the

delivery schedule.

7 PAYMENT

7.1 Method of Measurement

Metal Gabion and Mattresses will be measured by the Number, Cubic

Meter or Square Meter of material received at the owner’s / contractor’s
store.

7.2 Basis of Payment

Payment for the Metal Gabion and Mattresses shall be made at the
contract unit price per Number, Cubic Meter or Square Meter, which
shall be full compensation for the cost of materials, transportation,
8

duties and taxes.

Page

-----XXX-----
 TENDER SPECIFICATION

FOR SUPPLY OF UNIAXIAL GEOGRID

(FOR REINFORCED SOIL WALL & SLOPE APPLICATION)

1.0 GENERAL

This work comprises supply of Knitted & PVC Coated Polyester Uniaxial
GeoGrid as Reinforced Soil Slope and RE Wall conforming to the material
specifications stated herein, as per the bill of quantity and schedule of
supplies enclosed.

2.0 MATERIALS

2.1 General Requirements

The Geogrid should be manufactured from high tenacity polyester

filament yarns with molecular weight ≥25000 g/mol when measured in
accordance with GRI-GG8 / ASTM D4603 and carboxyl end groups ≤ 30
mmol/Kg when measured in accordance with GRI GG7 / ASTM D2455.

The yarns shall be formed into a dimensionally stable grid structure with
uniform square or rectangular apertures using a weft insertion warp
knitting process (woven type Geogrids, Extruded type Geogrids, Welded
type Geogrids will not be permitted and not accepted).

The Geogrid shall have a durable PVC coating to protect the yarns from
mechanical damage and adverse environmental effects (LDPE coated,
latex coated and no other coatings will be permitted and not accepted).

The Geogrid shall be resistant to the chemicals and microorganisms

normally found in soils and shall be stabilized against short-term
exposure to solar radiation

Indigenously manufactured Geogrids should be preferred, considering

advantages of shorter delivery periods, no inventory pile-up and rates
being not affected by fluctuation of exchange rate of foreign currency.

A plant visit by the Engineer’s representative to verify the manufacturer’s

quality control procedures and witness testing of products is also
required prior to the dispatch of material.

2.2 Transportation, Storage and Handling

All rolls shall have a protective cover with a label or tag specifying name
of the product, name of the manufacturer, roll number, date of
1

manufacture and roll dimension.

Page
 Material shall be protected from sunlight, mud, dirt, debris, any other
harmful substances or mechanical damage during transportation.
Rolls shall be stored in a secured area sufficiently elevated above the
ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site
construction damage, precipitation, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet
radiation including sunlight, chemicals that are strong acids or strong
bases, flames including welding sparks, high temperatures, and any
other environmental conditions that may damage the physical property
values of the Geogrid.

Any material, which is damaged during transportation, handling or

storage and do not meet the minimum requirements of the specifications
is liable for rejection by the Engineer.

2.3 Quality Control & testing

The quality management system of the manufacturer shall conform to

the requirements of ISO 9001:2015.

Manufacturer Laboratory shall be accredited by the National

Accreditation Board for Testing Laboratories (NABL) as per ISO/ IEC
17025: 2017 standards and GAI LAP Accreditation by Geosynthetic
Institute USA.

Manufacturer shall issue a test report stating minimum average roll

values of material properties, at the time of shipment is made.

BBA certificate for Construction of slopes (Design and Management) and CE-
certification as per 2016 standards should be required for supply of
material.

Manufacturer shall submit the proof of supply and satisfactory

performance for the quantity of 10000 Sqmt at least, for projects in
India.

Contractor shall furnish proof of all above and it is mandatory.

2
Page
 2.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties

The Mechanical properties of knitted and PVC coated uniaxial geogrid

shall conform to Table-1 below:

Table-1

TG TG TG TG TG TG TG TG TG TG TG
Test
Property Unit U 40 U 60 U 80
U U U U U U U
U 400
Method 100 120 150 200 250 300 350

Ultimate tensile MD ASTM D kN/ 40 60 80 100 120 150 200 250 300 350 400
strength1 CD 6637 m 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Reduction Factors (RF) and factor of safety (f s) for calculation of MD Long-term Design Strength(LTDS)
Creep (RFCR) -120 years design life at 30° C
1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57
temperature
Installation damage Sand/silt/clay 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05
(RFID) Coarse gravel (37.5 mm) 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
Durability (RFCH), 120 years design life at
1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
20°C, pH = 4 to 9
Weathering (RFW) To be covered in 1 day 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
LTDS – 120 years : Sand/silt/clay pH -4-9 21.10 31.65 42.20 52.75 63.30 79.12
105.5
131.9
158.2 184.6
211.00
kN/m 0 5 2

LTDS – 120 years : Gravel < 37.5 pH -4-9 19.26 28.89 38.53 48.16 57.79 72.24 96.32 120.4
144.4 168.5
192.65
kN/m 9 7

Physical properties
50x2 50x2 50x2 30x2 30x2 30x2 30x2 30x2 30x2 30x2
Aperture size ( Tolerance± 3 mm) mm 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 0 0
30x18

Roll dimensions
Roll length m 100 100
Roll width m 5.0 5.1

1
Minimum average roll value (Minimum refers to 95 % confidence limit.) MD – Machine Direction
CD – Cross Direction.

3 INSTALLATION

3.1 Site Preparation

Site shall be prepared as per the approved design and drawing for the
application such as Reinforced Soil Wall and Slope.

3.2 Placement of Geogrid

Laying of Geogrid shall be carried out as per the approved drawing and
strictly under the supervision of the Engineer In Charge. The geogrid
shall be laid smooth without wrinkles or folds on the prepared surface,
as per the approved method statement. Laying of Geogrid for these
applications are carried out in such a manner that the machine direction
3

of geogrid shall be perpendicular to wall / slope face (Higher tensile

Page

strength direction perpendicular to wall and slope facing

4 APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

4.1 Approved Manufacturers

(1) Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.

712 Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218
Cell: +91 9822097561

5 DELIVERY

Delivery of Uniaxial geogrids shall be done according to the delivery

schedule.

6 PAYMENT

6.1 Method of Measurement

Uniaxial geogrids will be measured by the Square Meter of material

received at the owner’s / contractor’s store.

6.2 Basis of Payment

Payment for the supply of Uniaxial geogrids shall be made at the contract
unit price per Square Meter, which shall be full compensation for the
cost of materials, transportation, duties and taxes.

-----XXX-----

4
Page
 TENDER SPECIFICATION

FOR SUPPLY OF NONWOVEN NEEDLE PUNCHED, MECHANICALLY

BONDED GEOTEXTILE

(SEPARATION, FILTRATION AND DRAINAGE APPLICATION)

1.0 GENERAL

This work comprises supply of Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically

Bonded Polypropylene Geotextile conforming to the material
specifications stated herein, as per the bill of quantity and schedule of
supplies enclosed.

2.0 MATERIALS

2.1 General Requirements

Nonwoven Needle punched mechanically bonded Polypropylene

Geotextile shall be made of polypropylene staple fibers. These engineered
Geotextiles shall be stabilized to resist degradation due to ultraviolet
exposure and shall be resistant to commonly encountered soil chemicals,
mildew and insects, and shall be non-biodegradable.

Indigenously manufactured Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically

Bonded Polypropylene Geotextile should be preferred, considering
advantages of shorter delivery periods, no inventory pile-up and rates
being not affected by fluctuation of exchange rate of foreign currency.

A plant visit by the Engineer’s representative to verify the manufacturer’s

quality control procedures and witness testing of products is also
required prior to the dispatch of material.

2.2 Transportation, Storage and Handling

All rolls shall have a protective cover with a label or tag specifying name
of the product, name of the manufacturer, roll number, date of
manufacture and roll dimension.

Material shall be protected from sunlight, mud, dirt, debris, any other
harmful substances or mechanical damage during transportation.

Rolls shall be stored in a secured area sufficiently elevated above the

ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site
construction damage, precipitation, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet
radiation including sunlight, chemicals that are strong acids or strong
bases, flames including welding sparks, high temperatures, and any
1

other environmental conditions that may damage the physical property

Page

values of the Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded

 Polypropylene Geotextile.

Any material, which is damaged during transportation, handling or

storage and do not meet the minimum requirements of the specifications
is liable for rejection by the Engineer.

2.3 Quality Control & testing

Pre supply approvals:

Prior to the supply of the material the supplier or manufacturer should
ensure that the Nonwoven geotextile shall meet the requirements as
specified in the Table-1. Conformance testing shall be performed on
random samples by the manufacturer or supplier in accordance with
quality management system of the manufacturer which shall conform to
the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 and In-house Laboratory should be
certified with GAI-LAP and ISO/IEC 17025:2015 (NABL).

During Supply approvals:

After the finalization of the supplier, Nonwoven geotextile shall be
provided for the third-party testing or testing shall be carried out at
manufacturer’s laboratory under supervision of Engineer in Charge. The
tests that are to be carried out are as mentioned in Table -1.

The in-house laboratory or the third-party laboratory wherein the

material shall be tested should be certified with GAI-LAP and ISO/IEC
17025:2015 (NABL).

Manufacturer should have well equipped testing facility and must

provide the list of In-house laboratory equipment. Following method
should perform In-house laboratory during witness test.

Manufacturer shall issue a test report stating average roll values of

material properties, at the time of shipment is made.

CE-certification should be required for supply of material. Manufacturer

shall submit the proof of supply for the quantity of 10000 Sqmt at least,
for projects in India.

Contractor shall furnish proof of all above and it is mandatory. 2

Page
2.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties

The Mechanical properties of Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically

Bonded Polypropylene Geotextile shall conform to Table-1 below:
(Confirming to relevant MORT&H, IRC OR BIS standard)

Table-1

Property Unit Test Techgeo Techgeo Techgeo

Standard Type -3 Type-2 Type -1
Mechanical Properties
Grab strength (MD/CD) N ASTM D 500 700 900
4632
Grab % ASTM D 50 50 50
elongation(MD/CD) 4632
Trapezoidal tear (Weaker N ASTM D 180 250 350
Direction) 4533
CBR Puncture N ASTM D 1000 1400 2000
Resistance 6241
Mullen Burst kPa ASTM D 950 1300 1700
3786
Hydraulic Properties
Permittivity s-1 ASTM 1.2 1.0 0.8
D4491
AOS µm ASTM ≤212 ≤180 ≤180
D4751
Physical Identification
Roll width M - 5.0 5.0 5.0
Roll length M - 100 100 100

3 INSTALLATION

3.1 Site Preparation

The site shall be prepared by clearing, grubbing, and excavation or filling

the area to the design grade. This includes removal of topsoil and
vegetation.

3.2 Laying of Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded

Polypropylene Geotextile

The Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded Polypropylene

Geotextile shall be laid smooth without wrinkles or folds on the prepared
subgrade and or prepared surface if shown in the drawings with the
machine direction oriented in the direction of traffic.

Adjacent rolls shall be overlapped as shown on the drawings. Unless

3

otherwise shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer, the

Page

minimum overlap shall be 300 to 500 mm for subgrade of CBR greater

 than or equal to 3 and 600 to 1000 mm for CBR between 1 and 3. All roll
ends shall be overlapped by 1000 mm.

On curves, the Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded

Polypropylene Geotextile may be folded or cut to conform to the curves.
The fold or overlap shall be in the direction of construction and held in
place by pins. Prior to placing subgarde or backfill material as per project
requirements the installed Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically
Bonded Polypropylene Geotextile shall be inspected and approved by the
Engineer. Any damages shall be repaired by covering the damaged
location with a Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded
Polypropylene Geotextile patch, which extends an amount equal to the
required overlap beyond the damaged area, as directed by the Engineer.

3.3 Placing and Compacting Subgrade Course

The subgrade shall be well compacted and placed. Nonwoven Needle
Punched Mechanically Bonded Polypropylene Geotextile are placed by
end dumping from the edge.

Movement of construction equipment directly over the Nonwoven Needle

Punched Mechanically Bonded Polypropylene Geotextile shall not be
permitted.

Sudden breaking and sharp turning of construction equipment shall be

avoided over the laid Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded
Polypropylene Geotextile.

Any ruts occurring during construction shall be filled with additional

subgrade material, and compacted to the specified density

4 APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

4.1 Approved Manufacturers

(1) Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.

712 Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218
Cell: +91 9822097561

5 DELIVERY

Delivery of Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded

Polypropylene Geotextile shall be done according to the delivery
schedule.
4
Page
6 PAYMENT

6.1 Method of Measurement

Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded Polypropylene

Geotextile will be measured by the Square Meter of material received at
the owner’s / contractor’s store.

6.2 Basis of Payment

Payment for the supply of Nonwoven Needle Punched Mechanically Bonded

Polypropylene Geotextile shall be made at the contract unit price per Square
Meter, which shall be full compensation for the cost of materials,
transportation, duties and taxes.
-----XXX-----

5
Page
 TENDER SPECIFICATION

FOR SUPPLY OF DRAINAGE COMPOSITE

(SEPARATION, FILTRATION AND DRAINAGE APPLICATION)

1.0 GENERAL

This work comprises supply of Drainage Composite conforming to the material

specifications stated herein, as per the bill of quantity and schedule of supplies enclosed.

2.0 MATERIALS

2.1 General Requirements

Drainage Composite shall be made by thermo bonding a drainage core- Geonet

comprises of two sets of parallel overlaid ribs integrally connected to have a rhomboidal
shape made of High density polyethylene, stabilized by carbon black, black colour and
nonwoven geotextile, working as separation, filtration and protection layer made of
polypropylene Needle punched & thermally bonded. These engineered Geotextiles shall
be stabilized to resist degradation due to ultraviolet exposure and shall be resistant to
commonly encountered soil chemicals, mildew and insects, and shall be non-
biodegradable.

Indigenously manufactured Drainage Composite should be preferred, considering

advantages of shorter delivery periods, no inventory pile-up and rates being not affected
by fluctuation of exchange rate of foreign currency.

A plant visit by the Engineer’s representative to verify the manufacturer’s quality control
procedures and witness testing of products is also required prior to the dispatch of
material.

2.2 Transportation, Storage and Handling

All rolls shall have a protective cover with a label or tag specifying name of the product,
name of the manufacturer, roll number, date of manufacture and roll dimension.

Material shall be protected from sunlight, mud, dirt, debris, any other harmful
substances or mechanical damage during transportation.

Rolls shall be stored in a secured area sufficiently elevated above the ground and
adequately covered to protect them from the following: site construction damage,
precipitation, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation including sunlight, chemicals
that are strong acids or strong bases, flames including welding sparks, high
temperatures, and any other environmental conditions that may damage the physical
property values of the Drainage Composite.

Any material, which is damaged during transportation, handling or storage and do not
meet the minimum requirements of the specifications is liable for rejection by the
Engineer.
2.3 Quality Control & testing

Pre supply approvals:

Prior to the supply of the material the supplier or manufacturer should ensure that the
drainage composite shall meet the requirements as specified in the Table-1.
Conformance testing shall be performed on random samples by the manufacturer or
supplier in accordance with quality management system of the manufacturer which
shall conform to the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 and In-house Laboratory should
be certified with GAI-LAP and ISO/IEC 17025:2015 (NABL).

During Supply approvals:

After the finalization of the supplier, Nonwoven geotextile shall be provided for the third-
party testing or testing shall be carried out at manufacturer’s laboratory under
supervision of Engineer in Charge. Testing for nonwoven properties shall be carried out
over parent material, not from the final product of drainage composite, for that
manufacturer shall have provide the same material for testing. The tests that are to be
carried out are as mentioned in Table -1.
The in-house laboratory or the third-party laboratory wherein the material shall be
tested should be certified with GAI-LAP and ISO/IEC 17025:2015 (NABL).

Manufacturer should have well equipped testing facility and must provide the list of In-
house laboratory equipment. Following method should perform In-house laboratory
during witness test.

Manufacturer shall issue a test report stating average roll values of material properties,
at the time of shipment is made.

CE-certification should be required for supply of material. Manufacturer shall submit

the proof of supply for the quantity of 10000 Sqmt at least, for projects in India.

Contractor shall furnish proof of all above and it is mandatory.

 2.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties
The Mechanical properties of Drainage Composite shall conform to Table-1 below:
Table-1
(Confirming to relevant MORT&H, IRC OR BIS standard)

Acceptance
Property Test Method UOM Value criteria

FILTER – GEOTEXTILE

Structure: Needle punched or thermally bonded non-woven geotextile

Raw Material: Polypropylene
Characteristic opening size O95 ASTM D 4751 micron 220 Maximum value
Permittivity ASTM D 4491 s-1 1.0 Minimum value
DRAINAGE CORE – GEONET

Structure: Sets of parallel ribs overlaid and integrally connected having rhomboidal mesh openings
Raw Material: High density polyethylene, stabilized by carbon black, black colour
GEOCOMPOSITE

Acceptance
Property Test Method UOM Value criteria

Thickness EN 9863-1 mm 4.5 Minimum value

Mass per unit area EN ISO 9864 g/m2 710 Minimum value
CBR puncture resistance EN ISO 12236 N 3000 Minimum value
Tensile strength EN ISO 10319 kN/m 16 Minimum value
In-plane flow capacity (MD) (Rigid/Rigid Contact)
Minimum
Hydraulic gradient i = 1 at 100 kPa pressure 0.55 Value
EN ISO 12958 l/(m.s)
Minimum
Hydraulic gradient i = 1 at 200 kPa pressure 0.45 Value
Note : Transmissivity Measured value may very between individual labs

MD – LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION CMD – TRANVERSE DIRECTIONS/S

S/S – CONTACT TYPE SOFT/SOFT R/R – CONTACT TYPE RIGID/RIGID

INSTALLATION

3.1 Site Preparation

As per the requirement of the application for the drainage, site / surface shall be
prepared and should be in line with the level required for the placement of the material.

3.2 Laying of Drainage Composite

For pavement drainage application, the Drainage Composite shall be laid smooth
without wrinkles or folds on the prepared subgrade and or prepared surface if shown in
the drawings with the cross-machine direction oriented in the direction of traffic.

For the application for the drainage for retaining walls, drainage composite shall provide
vertical (Machine direction is vertical attached with the wall surface. Flow requirement
shall be checked as per the height of the wall.

Adjacent rolls (only outer layer of geotextile & not inner core) shall be overlapped as
shown on the drawings. Unless otherwise shown on the drawings or directed by the
 Engineer, the minimum overlap shall be 300 mm. The same process shall be followed
for all roll ends.

On curves, the Drainage Composite may be cut to conform to the curves. The fold or
overlap shall be in the cross direction of construction and held in place by pins.

Prior to placing subgarde or backfill material as per project requirements the installed
Drainage Composite shall be inspected and approved by the Engineer. Any damages
shall be repaired by covering the damaged location with a Drainage Composite patch,
which extends an amount equal to the required overlap beyond the damaged area, as
directed by the Engineer.

3.3 Placing and Compacting Subgrade Course

The subgrade shall be placed by end dumping onto the Drainage Composite from the
edge of the Drainage Composite.

Movement of construction equipment directly over the Drainage Composite shall not be
permitted.

Sudden breaking and sharp turning of construction equipment shall be avoided over
the laid Drainage Composite.

Any ruts occurring during construction shall be filled with additional subgrade material,
and compacted to the specified density

4 APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

4.1 Approved Manufacturers

(1) Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.

712 Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400 021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218
Cell: +91 9822097561

5.0 DELIVERY
Delivery of TechDrain Drainage Composite shall be done according to the delivery
schedule.

6.0 PAYMENT

6.1 Method of Measurement

TechDrain Drainage Composite will be measured by the Square Meter of material
received at the owner’s / contractor’s store.

6.2 Basis of Payment

Payment for the supply of TechDrain Drainage Composite shall be made at the contract
unit price per Square Meter, which shall be full compensation for the cost of materials,
transportation, duties and taxes.

----XXX-----
 TENDER SPECIFICATION
FOR SUPPLY OF TECHCELL GEOCELL (SUB GRADE STABILIZATION & SLOPE
PROTECTION)

1. GENERAL
This work comprises the supply of Three Dimensional Cellular confinement
system, Tech Cell Geocell or Equivalent, made of High Density Polyethylene
Strips which acts as confinement and reinforcement for improving Sub grade
/ sub base for the Road Pavement or similar applications.

2. MATERIALS
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The TechCell Geocell should be manufactured from High Density Polyethylene

Strips consists of a multiple rhomboidal indentations over the entire strip area
on both sides of strip ,the strip should be joined to each other with the means
of two raw of ultra sonic weld to form a Techcell - geocell.The strips also having
holes of maximum 10mm diameter in horizontal rows to make a perforation
in cell. Cell perforations area is less than 12% of cell surface area.

The manufacturer of the TechCell Geocell must have their own in house
manufacturing facilities to manufacture the HDPE Strips which is to be used
for manufacturing TechCell Geocell.

2.2 TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE and HANDLING

The TechCell shall be supplied in the bundle form, all bundles shall have a
strapped with strapping strip & labelled or tag specifying name of the product,
name of the manufacturer, section number, and lot no. of the Techcell.

Techcell bundle shall be stored in a secured area sufficiently elevated above

the ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site
construction damage, precipitation, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet
radiation including sunlight, chemicals that are strong acids or strong bases,
flames including welding sparks, high temperature, and any other
environmental conditions that may damage the physical property values of
the Techcell Geocell.

Any material, which is damaged during transportation, handling or storage

and do not meet the minimum requirements of the specifications is liable for
rejection by the Engineer.
1
Page
2.3 QUALITY CONTROL AND TESTING
 The quality management system of the manufacturer shall conform to
the requirements of ISO 9001:2015.
 Manufacturer should have well equipped testing facility and must
provide the list of In-house laboratory equipment.
 Following tests to be conducted, short term with test methods, such as,
ASTM D505/ ASTM D792, ASTM D1693, ASTM D1603/ASTM D4218,
ASTM D5199, ASTM D6693, ASTM D1004, EN ISO 13426:1, METHOD-
B.
 For long term test for material properties:-
(a) Resistance to oxidation-EN ISO 13438,
(b) ESCR-ASTM D1693,
(c) OIT-ASTM D5885,
(d) Weathering Resistance-EN ISO 12224
(e) Creep Seam Peel Strength test (10000 Hrs-ASTM D 6992)
 Interface friction Test (Soil v/s Geo cell surface)
a) Direct shear friction angle (ASTM D 5321)
Should be approved by NABL accredited third party laboratory.

 Manufacturer shall issue a test report stating material properties, at

the time of shipment made.

2.4 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TECHCELL GEOCELL

The mechanical properties of TechCell Geocell conform the following Table.

Material Properties STANDARD UNIT VALUE

Polymer density (ASTM D 1505 g/cm3 0.935-0.965

Environmental Stress (ASTM D 1693) Hrs >5000

Cracking Resistance

Carbon Black Content (ASTM D 1603 % 2%

Nominal Sheet Thickness (ASTM D 5199) mm 1.52

(Post Texturing)

Material Blend of various Polyethylene and additives

Texture Polyethylene strip consists of a multiple rhomboidal

indentations over the entire strip area on both sides
of strip. The indentation have a surface density of
22 to 32 per cm2

Perforations Polyethylene strip is perforated with horizontal rows

of maximum 10mm diameter holes. Cell perforations
area is less than 12% of cell surface area.
2
Page
 TECHCELL DIMENSIONS

CELL/SECTION Unit Type-1 Type-2 Type-3 Type-4 Type-5

PROPERTIES

Weld spacing (+/- 3%) mm 330 356 445 660 712

Cell Depth (+/- 3%) mm 075, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300

Expanded Cell Width mm 244 259 320 488 508

Dimensions
Length mm 210 224 287 436 475
(+/- 3%)

Expanded Cell Area (+/- 3%) cm2 250 289 460 1000 1206

Nominal Expanded Width m 2.44 2.59 3.20 4.88 5.08

Section Dimensions
(+/- 3%) Length m 6.10 6.50 8.32 12.64 13.78

Nominal Expanded Section m2 14.90 16.82 26.63 61.70 70.00

Area

3. INSTALLATION
3.1 SITE PREPARATION

a. The site shall be prepared by clearing, grubbing, and excavation or filling

the area to the design grade. This includes removal of topsoil and
vegetation if any.
b. Prepare subgrade, remove debris, rock, stone etc.,
c. Compact the subgrade properly.
d. Install Geotextile/filter layer as per design.

3.2 LAYING OF GEOCELL

Partially expand the TechCell-Geocell slowly. Tag the Geocell as per line out
marked and expands the Geocell, with the help of the Tie, connect the adjoined
Geocell properly.

3.3 PLACING SPREADING AND COMPACTING INFILL

Slowly Place the filler materials above Geocell, while taking care that no direct
access over empty Geocell. Care must be taken that no vehicular movement
is allowing over the empty Geocell during installation.

Spread the filler material over the Geocell and care shall be taken that each
every cell will be filling completely.
3
Page
 Compact the infill materials once the all the Geocell are completely filled with
the filler materials.

4. APPROVED MANUFACTURE

Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.

712 Embassy Centre
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218
Cell: +91 9822097561

6 DELIVERY

Delivery of Geocell shall be done according to the delivery schedule.

7 PAYMENT

7.1 Method of Measurement

Geocell will be measured by the expanded Square Meter of material received at the
customer’s / contractor’s store.

7.2 Basis of Payment

Payment for the supply of Geocell shall be made at the contract unit price per
expanded Square Meter, which shall be full compensation for the cost of materials,
transportation, duties and taxes.

----XXX-----

4
Page
 TENDER SPECIFICATION

FOR SUPPLY OF THREE DIMENSION GEOSYNTHETIC MAT FOR EROSION

CONTROL

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 Scope of work

.1 This specification covers the requirements for the manufacture, fabrication, supply, and
installation of the erosion control mat to the material specifications stated herein, as per the bill of
quantity and schedule of supplies enclosed. The geosynthetic Mat and its individual components
shall meet or exceed the requirements of this specification. The manufacture, handling, storage,
and installation shall be performed in accordance with the procedures provided in this
specification.
.2 The CONTRACTOR shall provide all labor, materials, tools, equipment, and perform all
operations necessary to furnish, deploy, and install the Drainage Composite in the areas indicated
on the Drawings or as required by the ENGINEER, the OWNER or his representative.

1.2 Qualifications
.1 The CONTRACTOR shall have demonstrated experience in the installation of geosynthetic Mat,
have installation staff trained by the MANUFACTURER, or work under the guidance of a
representative approved by the MANUFACTURER.
.2 The CONTRACTOR shall be trained and experienced in field handling, storing, deploying, and
installing geosynthetic materials. Alternatively, CONTRACTOR shall engage an experienced
Subcontractor who shall meet the experience requirements.

1.3 Quality Assurance

.1 The quality management system of the MANUFACTURER shall conform to the requirements of
ISO 9001:2015
.2 The In-house Laboratory performing Manufacturing Quality Control shall hold a valid GAI-LAP
Accreditation, as well as ISO/IEC 17025:2017 Accreditation from NABL for the tests performed in
Manufacturing Quality Control.
.3 The MANUFACTURER shall issue a report stating minimum average roll values and results of
the test conducted on samples from the rolls delivered to the project at the time of shipment is
made. The number of samples tested should be at least one sample per production lot, and at
least one sample every 10,000 m². The following properties must be declared:
• Weight of the geosynthetic Mat
• Thickness of the geosynthetic Mat
• Tensile properties of the geosynthetic Mat
 .4 The ENGINEER, the OWNER or his representative may visit the facility where the product is
manufactured and review the quality control procedure as well as the storage and handling
conditions at the plant, at their expense.
.5 Indigenously manufactured geosynthetic Mat should be preferred, considering advantages of
shorter delivery periods, no inventory pile-up and cost being unaffected by fluctuation of exchange
rate of foreign currency.
.6 A representative of the OWNER or the ENGINEER shall observe and document the unloading,
storage, deployment, and installation of the geosynthetic Mat.
.7 If required by a Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Plan, then OWNER or ENGINEER shall
obtain samples of the geosynthetic Mat for conformance testing at the sampling rate defined by
the CQA Plan. Each sample shall be at least 600 mm long, taken across full width of the
geosynthetic Mat roll for each type of material furnished for Project.
a. When applicable, third party sampling, testing and related expenses will be covered by the
owner.
b. Care must be given to put back the packaging in a way that will not expose the rolls to the
weather after sampling.

1.4 Warranty
.1 Installation shall be warranted against defects in workmanship for a period of 1 year from the date
that the installation is deemed complete.
1.5 Submittals
.1 The CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ENGINEER for approval data from the MANUFACTURER
indicating that the properties of the proposed geosynthetic Mat conform to the requirements of
this Specification.
.2 At least 15 days prior to installation, the CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ENGINEER quality
control test results from the MANUFACTURER for the rolls produced specifically for the project
and certification that the material meets the requirements of this Specification.
.3 At least 15 days prior to installation, the CONTRACTOR shall submit to the ENGINEER:
• Description of proposed method of deployment and provisions for holding geosynthetic
Mat temporarily in place until permanently secured.
.4 The CONTRACTOR shall provide all the above-requested documents without exception.

PART 2 - MATERIALS
2.1 General Requirements
.1 The geosynthetic Mat consists of:
c. A Three dimensional geosynthetic Mat acting as erosion control, comprised of three sets of
parallel overlaid ribs integrally connected to form a shape made of high-density polyethylene
formulated to resist the chemical environment typically prevailing in soils.

2.2 Properties of the geosynthetic Mat

.1 The Three dimensional geosynthetic Mat and its two main constituents are controlled during
manufacturing.
.2 The Three dimensional geosynthetic Mat shall meet or exceed the values provided in Table 2.2-
1. Properties shall be measured before assembly to the geotextiles.
 Table 2.2–1 : Properties of the three dimensional serving as Erosion Control Application.

CHARACTERISTIC STANDARD UNIT VALUE TOLERANCE

Mass per unit area EN ISO 9864 / ASTM D 3776 g/m2 600 Typical

Thickness at 2 kPa EN ISO 9863-1 / ASTM D 6525 mm 6.5 Min.

Tensile Strength (MD/CD) ASTM D 5035 kN/m Min.

6.0 /2.0
Ultravoilet Stability@500Hrs ASTM D 4355 % 80 Min.

Width - Meter 4.0 Min.

Note 1: MD: longitudinal direction; CMD: Transverse direction

2.3 Transportation, Storage and Handling

.1 General guidance established in ASTM D4873-16 should be followed for transportation, storage
and handling of the geosynthetic Mat
.2 Packaging and Identification
a. Cover each roll with an opaque wrapping material for protection from damage due to
shipment, water, sunlight, or contaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with
this guide.
b. Each roll must be identified with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent, clearly readable on
the roll packaging. Roll identification should include the name of the MANUFACTURER,
product designation / style number, and the unique roll number. Identification should also
include the width and length of the roll.

.3 Receiving and Storing at the job site

a. While unloading or transferring the geosynthetic Mat from one location to another, prevent
damage to the wrapping and to the geosynthetic Mat itself. If practicable, use forklift trucks
fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. The poles must be at least two
thirds the length of the rolls to avoid breaking the cores and possibly damaging the
geosynthetic mat. Slings may be used to carry relatively rigid rolls, provided that the slings
do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damage may result.
b. Geosynthetic Mat, when possible, should be stored elevated of the ground and covered to
ensure adequate protection from the following:
• Precipitation (because geosynthetic Mat roll goods saturation may lead to handling
difficulties),
• Ultraviolet radiation,
• Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,
• Flames, including welding sparks,
• Temperatures in excess of 71°C and below 0°C, and
• Any other environmental condition that may affect the properties.
 .4 On-Site Handling
a. While transferring geosynthetic Mat from one location to another, prevent damage to the
wrapping and to the geosynthetic Mat itself. Follow the cautions specified in the previous
section.
b. Before unrolling a roll of geosynthetic Mat at the job site, verify its identification. While
unrolling the geosynthetic Mat, inspect for damage or defects.
c. Follow all applicable site or project specifications and recommendations from the
MANUFACTURER for handling and installation.
d. Correct any damage that occurs during storage or installation as directed by the project
specifications and the ENGINEER in charge of installation.

PART 3 - APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

3.1 List of Approved Manufacturers

.1 The following is a list of pre-approved supplier of drainage composites
Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.
712 Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400 021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218

PART 4 - DELIVERY

4.1 Delivery
.1 Delivery of geosynthetic Mat shall be done according to the delivery schedule.

PART 5 - PAYMENT

5.1 Method of Measurement

.1 The geosynthetic Mat will be measured by Square Meter of material received at the owner’s /
contractor’s store.

5.2 Basis of Payment

.1 Payment for the supply of the geosynthetic Mat shall be made at the contract unit price per Square
Meter, which shall be full compensation for the cost of materials, transportation, duties and taxes.
----XXX-----
 TENDER SPECIFICATION

FOR SUPPLY OF HIGH TENSILE STEEL WIRE MESH

(ROCKFALL PROTECTION AND GEOHAZARD MITIGATION)

1.0 GENERAL

This specification covers the use of high tensile steel wire mesh for
surface rock fall mitigation including the scope of furnishing and
installation as per the special provisions mentioned in the specifications,
instructions from the manufacturer/supplier of the rock fall mitigation
system and as directed by the Engineer- In-Charge

2.0 MATERIALS

2.1 General Requirements

a) The high tensile steel wire mesh shall meet the minimum requirements of
single twist steel wire mesh mainly mesh wire diameter, mesh size, mesh
opening, Zn Coating, wire tensile strength and mesh tensile strength as
specified in this document.

b) System Technology:
Single twist mesh is made of steel wire with high ultimate strength which is
use to cover the slope posing rockfall problem. The steel wire shall be
galvanized with minimum thickness of coating as 265gm/m2. The wire
diameter of mesh is 3.4mm with tensile strength of 900Mpa. The rhomboidal
shape of the mesh provides a better distribution of the working tensions
along the wires that form the mesh.

Indigenously manufactured steel wire mesh should be preferred, considering

advantages of shorter delivery periods, no inventory pile-up and rates being
not affected by fluctuation of exchange rate of foreign currency.

A plant visits by the Engineer’s representative to verify the manufacturer’s

quality control procedures and witness testing of products is also required
prior to the dispatch of material. 1
Page
 Fig 1: Single twist high tensile steel wire mesh

2.2 Transportation, Storage and Handling

The steel wire mesh shall deliver at site in the form of rolls. All rolls shall
have a label or tag specifying name of the product, name of the
manufacturer, quantity, date of manufacture and dimension.

Material shall be protected from mud, dirt, debris, any other harmful
substances or mechanical damage during transportation.

Rolls shall be stored in a secured area sufficiently elevated above the

ground and adequately covered to protect them from the following: site
construction damage, precipitation, prolonged exposure like chemicals
that are strong acids or strong bases, flames including welding sparks,
high temperatures, and any other environmental conditions that may
damage the physical property values of the wire rope net system.

Any material, which is damaged during transportation, handling or

storage and do not meet the minimum requirements of the specifications
is liable for rejection by the Engineer.

2.3 Quality Control & testing

The quality management system of the manufacturer shall conform to

the requirements of ISO 9001:2008 and In-house Laboratory should
have certificate of GAI-LAP & NABL Accreditation ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
2

Manufacturer shall issue a test report stating minimum average values of

Page

material properties, at the time of shipment is made.

 Testing shall be done on raw material as per testing plan indicated in
Table 1. The material should get approved from the client before the
actual start of supply. The manufacturer of the steel wire mesh shall
provide Manufacturers Test Certificate for the material with every
lot/shipment. The Manufacturers Test Certificate shall be provided for
certifying that steel wire mesh for rock fall protection system conforms to
all the technical and special requirements.

Table 1: Testing Plan

Frequency Sample
Sr No Test Reference Remarks
of Testing size
MESH WIRE
At High tensile steel
Tensile strength of wire
1 Once Three wire rockfall mesh
and mesh
manufacturer’s lab
At High tensile steel
IS 4826:1979
2 Mass of Zinc & coating Once Three wire rockfall mesh
& EN 10244-2
manufacturer’s lab
Physical dimension of At High tensile steel
TDS, Visual
3 Wire mesh rock fall Once Three wire rockfall mesh
checking
netting manufacturer’s lab
Note: Testing of wire shall be done on samples from raw material

2.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties

Table 2: Physical and Mechanical properties

Parameters Values

Size of each rhombus (dxh) (+/-0.3%), mm 100 x 146

Diameter of the inscribed circle (φin), mm 75.0

Angle of the loop at the vertex (β) 58⁰

Nominal diameter of the wire (φa), mm 3.4

Nominal tensile strength of the wire, (N/mm2) 900
Tensile strength of the mesh, (kN/m) 100
Bearing resistance against puncturing: 160
Corrosion Protection Galvanized
Coating thickness (gr/sq.m) 265
Roll Width (m) 3.0
Roll Length (m) 15-20
Unit Weight of the mesh (Kg/Sq.m) 2.0
3 Page
3 INSTALLATIONS

The steel wire mesh is generally used in combination with rock bolting. The
wire mesh shall carefully be draped over the slope and the rock bolts shall be
installed, keeping the rock bolt under the mesh intersection. Wherever this is
not possible, the rock bolt shall be enclosed within an additional steel cable
provided as shown in the manufacturer’s installation methodology. The wire
mesh shall be connected to the top anchors with help of top support rope of
16mm diameter and with anchors at base of the slope with help of bottom
support rope of 12mm diameter. Care should be taken to tighten the high
tensile steel wire mesh around the rock bolt by pulling manually. Longitudinally
adjacent mesh shall be connected with spiral twisted ends.

After completion of steel wire mesh installation, a heavily zinc coated base plate
of a 200x200x10mm size shall be tightened on the rock/soil anchor, taking care
that the base plate maintains a tight contact with as much with the steel wire
mesh as possible. Manufacturer’s installation guideline shall be referred for
details.

4 APPROVED MANUFACTURERS

4.1 Approved Manufacturers

Techfab (India) Industries Ltd.

712 Embassy Centre,
Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021
Phone: 022 – 2287 6224/6225
Fax: 022 – 2287 6218
Cell: +91 9822097561

5 DELIVERIES

Delivery of the steel wire mesh shall be done according to the delivery
schedule.

6 PAYMENTS

6.1 Method of Measurement

The steel wire mesh will be measured in Square Meter of material

received at the owner’s / contractor’s store.

6.2 Basis of Payment

Payment for the steel wire mesh shall be made at the contract unit price
per Square Meter, which shall be full compensation for the cost of
materials, transportation, duties and taxes.
4

-----XXX-----
Page
1.0 Supplying and placing of Mechanically Woven Double Twisted Hexagonal Shaped
Wire Mesh netting roll, Mesh Type 10x12, Zn + PVC coated Mesh Wire dia. 2.7/3.7mm
(ID/OD), end of roll mechanically edged / selvedged, with galvanization as per IS
16014:2012 and MoRTH (Fifth Revision) 2013, Clause 2500.

1.1. Scope:

This specification covers the use of mechanically woven hexagonal shaped double
twisted(DT) wire mesh rock fall netting for surface rock fall protection including the scope of
furnishing and installation as per the special provisions mentioned in the specifications,
instructions from the manufacturer/supplier of the rock fall protection system and as directed
by the Engineer- In-Charge.
1.2. General Requirements:
1.2.1. The DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall meet the minimum requirements of
mechanically woven DT hexagonal shaped zinc and PVC coated wire mesh mainly
mesh wire diameter, mesh type, zinc coating, PVC coating, wire tensile strength and
mesh panel tensile strength as specified in this document.
1.2.2. System Technology:

The DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall be made up of mechanically woven hexagonal DT
wire mesh. The steel wire shall be heavily zinc coated soft temper steel. PVC coating shall be
applied for added protection, to use in corrosive environment. Nominal PVC thickness of
0.50mm shall be applied. The hexagonal shape of the mesh provides a better distribution of
the working tensions along the wires that form the mesh.

Zn + PVC Coated
Hexagonal wire mesh

Figure 1 Typical Wire Mesh Rock fall Netting

1.3. Material Specifications:

1.3.1. Mechanically Woven Double Twisted Hexagonal shaped Zn + PVC coated wire
mesh: All steel wires used in the manufacturing of wire mesh rock fall netting shall
conform to IS 16014:2012. The wire used for the manufacture of mesh shall have a
2
tensile strength between 350-550N/mm and elongation shall not be less than 10%.
Test shall be carried out on a sample of at least 20 cm length. All tests on the mesh
wire, selvedging wire & lacing wire shall be performed prior to manufacturing the
mesh. The DT wire mesh shall have peak tensile strength of 40 kN/m tested as per
procedure outlined in clause 6 of this specification.
 1.3.2. Selvedge wire: The diameter of the selvedging shall be bigger than the wires in the
mesh. The diameter of selvedge wire shall be 3.4mm and shall have same
characteristics as the mesh wire.

1.3.3. Lacing wire: The diameter of the lacing wire shall be 2.2 mm and shall have same
characteristics as the mesh wire and shall have same characteristics as the mesh
wire.

1.3.4. Zinc coating

 Zinc coating: Minimum quantities of Zinc shown at Table 1 shall meet the requirements of
IS 4826:1979.
 Adhesion of zinc coating: The adhesion of the zinc coating to the wire shall be such that,
when the wire is wrapped ten turns around a mandrel having four times the diameter of
the wire, it does not flake or crack when rubbing it with the bare fingers in accordance
with IS 4826:1979.

1.3.5. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) coating

a. PVC coating thickness: Nominal – 0.5 mm, Minimum – 0.4 mm;

b. Specific weight: 1.3 kg/dm3 – 1.35 kg/dm3 in accordance with IS 13360, Part3, section 1.
c. Hardness: between 50 and 60 Shore D, according to IS 13360, Part5, section 11
d. Tensile strength: Higher than 20.6 MPa, according to IS 13360, Part5, section 1
e. Elongation at break: not less than 200% in accordance with IS 13360, Part5, section 1.5.
f. Color: Grey - RAL 7037.

Wire diameter, tolerances, zinc coating shall conform to values indicated in Table 1:
Table 1 Characteristics of Mesh wire, Selvedge wire and Lacing wire

Characteristics of Mesh Selvedge Lacing

10x12 mesh wire wire wire

Mesh Wire Dia mm 2.7 3.4 2.2

Tolerance (+/-) mm 0.07 0.09 0.06
Zn Coating Min
260 270 240
(gm/sq.m)

The wire mesh shall have nominal opening of 100mm as shown in Figure 2. The mesh opening
tolerances are indicated in Table 2.

Figure 2 Mesh Details

Tolerances in Mesh Opening size: - 2% to +2%

DT mesh shall have minimum 10 numbers of mesh openings per meter of mesh
perpendicular to twist of mesh.
 Procedure for verification of mesh opening
 Rockfall netting shall be unfolded on the plain ground.
 Any shrink in the unfolded netting shall be removed, by stretching the Mesh panel.
 Marking on the ground shall be made from the Centre of the twist of one mesh and
the second. Marking shall be done at 1 m distance.
 The number of mesh Openings in the 1 m shall be counted & verified.

Table 2 Standard Mesh

Zinc +PVC coated

Mesh Mesh Panel Strength Diameter of wire (Inner / Outer wire)

“D”(mm) Tolerance
type (parallel to twist)
Mesh Selvedge wire Lacing
wire(mm) (mm) wire(mm)

- 2% to
10X12 100mm 40kN/m 2.7/3.7 3.4/4.4 2.2/3.2
+2%

1.3.6. Dimensions of DT wire mesh rock fall netting

DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall be manufactured in a standard width of 4m and length of 25
or 50m with tolerance of ±5% .Table 3 indicates standard sizes of DT wire mesh rock fall netting
Other roll sizes may be required as per site conditions subject to the Engineer’s approval. For
non-standard roll lengths there may be some variation outside the tolerance limit from the nominal
size shown in the contract drawings.
Table 3 Standard sizes of DT wire mesh rock fall netting

Length Width
Type
(m) (m)

25 4
DT wire mesh rock fall
50 4
netting(Mesh 10x12)
100 4

1.4. Special requirements:

a. The Manufacturer / Supplier should have production facility for manufacturing DT wire mesh
rock fall netting in India. Manufacturing facility shall be ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management
System certified.
b. In-house facility to test the tensile strength of the basic GI wire and Mesh Panels using
computerized testing facilities which forms mechanically woven double twisted mesh panels
c. In-house test facility for zinc coating.
d. The Manufacturer / Supplier should have supplied DT wire mesh rock fall netting /rock fall
netting/similar product not less than 8.5 lakh sq.m for a single project in India.
e. The Manufacturer / Supplier shall submit documentary proof of adoption of the proposed
technology for period not less than seven years on at least one project in India along with
proposal.
 f. The Manufacturer / Supplier must have proven successful experience in supply and technical
support for the rock fall protection works for at least 8 years in India

1.5. Installation:

Vegetation, debris and loose soils and other deleterious matter shall be cleared to the satisfaction
of Engineer. Reference benchmarks, line and levels shall be marked at site. The materials, tools
and tackles shall be shifted to site without damaging system.

The rolls of DT wire mesh rock fall netting should be rolled down the surface from top anchoring
system as per the contract drawings. New roll shall be placed in the same manner directly
overlapping the adjacent roll such that longitudinal ropes of both the rolls can be laced together
by hand. Lacing shall commence by twisting end of the lacing wire tightly to the wire mesh. It shall
then pass round the two edges being joined using alternate single and double loops at
approximately 100mm intervals. The lacing wire shall be securely tied off at the bottom of the roll.
The bottom anchoring shall be done as per the drawings.

Manufacturer’s installation guideline shall be referred for details.

1.6. Testing and Acceptance criteria:

Testing shall be done on raw material as per codes specified in Table 4. Approval for the material
shall be obtained in the writing from the Engineer before actual start of supply. The manufacturer
of the DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall provide manufacturers test certificate for the material
with every lot/shipment. The manufacturers test certificate for DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall
be provided for certifying that rock fall protection system conforms to all the technical and special
requirements.
The punch strength test results shall be 19kN in accordance with MoRTH section 2500 and test
specified therein.

1.6.1. DT wire mesh tensile strength test procedure

A tensile test on DT wire mesh sample shall be carried out in order to estimate tensile strength parallel
to twist. The test shall be carried out as per procedure outlined below. The DT wire mesh tensile
strength shall be minimum 40 kN/m.

a. Take a DT wire mesh of approximately 1.0 m width. The sample shall have edge wire on both
the sides.
b. The height of the sample shall be such that after selvedging on both the sides, effective
height of the sample shall be more than 300 mm. Sample shall be loaded on the UTM in a
direction parallel to twist, with the samples being gripped as shown in the figure 3.
c. The effective height of sample (gauge length) shall be the distance measured between the
two rows of inner gripping pins on two grips.
d. Distance between the two end gripping points (pins) along the width of the sample shall be
recorded as the unit width under test. The width shall be at least 700 mm.
e. The load shall be applied gradually to the sample and the test be continued till the break
point.
f. The peak load and the % elongation shall be recorded.
g. The strength of the DT wire mesh shall be (peak load/unit width under test) expressed in
kN/m.
NB. If the sample slips at any of the gripping point during the test, such a test shall be discarded and a
new sample shall be taken.
 (Optional)

Figure 3 Tensile strength of mesh panel

1.6.2. PVC coating thickness test procedure:

The thickness of the PVC coating shall be determined on a randomly chosen individual piece of wire
removed from the coil at 3 places 1 metre apart.

Measure with a micrometer the diameter of the galvanized steel wire with PVC coating. Determine the
thickness of the PVC coating by stripping the PVC coating from the wire and measure the reduced
diameter with a micrometer. The thickness of the coating is the difference between the diameter of the
galvanized steel wire with PVC coating and the measured diameter of the galvanized steel wire
divided by two. The thickness values should be as per clause 3.e. While removing the PVC coating by
stripping, take care not to remove any of the metallic surfaces.

Table 4 Testing Plan

Frequency Sample
Sr No Test Reference Remarks
of Testing size
MESH WIRE
At DT wire mesh
Tensile strength & IS
1 Once Three rock fall netting
Elongation% 16014:2012
manufacturer’s lab
At DT wire mesh
2 Mass of Zinc & adhesion IS 4826:1979 Once Three rock fall netting
manufacturer’s lab
At DT wire mesh
DT wire mesh panel
3 Clause 1.6 Once Three rock fall netting
strength
manufacturer’s lab
At DT wire mesh
Physical dimension of Wire TDS, Visual
4 rock fall netting
mesh rock fall netting checking
manufacturer’s lab
At DT wire mesh
5 PVC coating thickness Clause 1.3.5 Once Three rock fall netting
manufacturer’s lab
Note: Testing of wire shall be done on samples from raw material
 1.7. Method of Measurement:

Quantity of DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall be determined from cross sections and the linear
distance, and paid for under the appropriate bid items

1.8. Basis of Payment

Accepted DT wire mesh rock fall netting shall be paid for at the unit price (per square metre area) for
each pay item included in the contract.
 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SELF DRILLING ANCHORS (SDA)

The SDA shall be designed and arranged in order to stabilize insitu strata. The grout shall be made of
OPC grade 53 with suitable admixtures. The SDA, nuts, bearing plates and couplers shall be epoxy
coated.

Drilling shall be carried out by suitable equipment. Diameter of SDA shall be 38 mm with sacrificial drill bit
of approximately 76mm dia. The SDA shall be made of tensile strength of min. 400kN. The SDA rod shall
be continuously threaded. For convenience of installation, appropriate arrangement (coupler) shall be
made to connect two smaller lengths of SDA to achieve the required length.

Installation guideline

1) The SDA is driven in the required position with help of sacrificial drill bit at the bottom of the anchor
bar which facilitates in drilling the hole. The diameter, length and spacing of SDA shall be as
specified. Anymore / lesser length or spacing of anchoring/nailing shall be carried out as per site
condition and as directed by engineer-in-charge.

2) The grout is pumped through the hollow bar during the drilling process. Grouting shall be done by
using OPC grade 53 along with addition of suitable admixture. Mixing shall be done along with
potable water so as to form the cementitious paste.

3) The base plates of size 200mm x 200mm x 10 mm shall be placed at rock interface for tightening the
nuts.

4) The fascia (if applicable) shall be installed in front and connected to the steel rods with base plate
and nuts.

Following equipment deployed on site

1) Grout agitator

2) Compressor – 450 to 600CFM

3) Drilling equipment percussion/rotary type

Expansive plasticizing agent for cement grouts shall be used, typical brand name DR. FIXIT PIDICRETE
AM is a shrinkage compensating grout admixture for pressure grouting.

Basis of Payment
The measurement and payment of SDA shall be as per BoQ item included in the contract.
ANNEXURE –IV: DRAWINGS
 NOTES:- Construction Notes:
All the Design Considerations shall be verified at the site. 1. Extent of mitigation/restoration measures for each system should be checked before starting the work.
a.The designs and drawings are based on observations, feasible investigations done at site and on best possible engineering judgement of the designer. 2. Loose scaling and excavation for drains shall be carried out before commencement of works.
With large variations in Geologic formations, topography, sub surface water flows, extent of weathering and surface disintegration, limitations on extent of 3. All deposited debris/scree on the slope surface shall be removed before commencement of installation.
observations and qualitative geotechnical investigations, the design and construction details are aimed at reducing the risk of landslide/sinking in the areas 4. The length of anchors has to be kept as per design.
under consideration. A complete prevention or avoidance of landslide incidences is not viable. 5. The spacing of anchors may change depending upon final cut profile - undulations or any other surface irregularities.
b.The designs and drawings take care of mitigation works in general; however, considering the large variation in surface irregularities, joint patterns, potent 6. The location of anchors might have to be shifted locally or additional anchors and mesh might have to be installed at specific locations as per site
rockfall sizes and new revelations post scaling and excavation may prompt design and detailing changes and hence engineer's regular inspection is condition, giving due consideration to joint/ fracture/ rock block.
necessary for such instructions. 7. In general, local bolting shall be adopted at site wherever loose boulders are encountered at site after the loose scaling operations.
c.The diversion/ discharge measures at mattress end and cross-drainage works (culverts) near road shall be taken up additionally. 8. The drill hole bore of anchors shall be grouted with neat cement grout with water cement ratio not more than 0.4. The grout shall be added with non-shrink
admixture. Dosage shall be as per manufacture's guidelines.
General 9. The length of passive soil nails on excavated /insitu slope surface shall be maximum of length as shown in drawing or up to 2m into the rocky strata.
1. All dimensions are in meters unless otherwise specified. 10. The road side drain arrangement has to be provided at suitable gradient and should be connected to the main drains as per conditions at the site to
ensure perfect drainage.
Material Specifications 11. The location of drains shall be shifted locally or additional length of drains might have to be constructed at specific locations giving due consideration to
1. Excavation, removal & disposal of material necessary for construction of roadway, drain shall confirm to MORTH -Specifications for Road & Bridge the construction guidelines.
Works: section 300. 12. Proper drainage arrangement should be made to ensure sufficient water collection points at regular intervals. This will ensure reduction in seepage by
2. CE marked Gabion unit is made with double twisted hexagonal shaped steel woven wire mesh, mechanically edged & selvedged with partitions at every diverting surface run-off to the main drains.
1m interval and shall have minimum 10 numbers of openings per meter of mesh perpendicular to twist, mesh type 10x12(D=100 mm with tolerance of ± 13. The locations of sub-surface drainage pipes shall be finalized after excavation upto final cut profile.
2%), and wire dia. 2.7/3.7mm (ID/OD) with Zinc+PVC Coating as per IRC: SP-116, IS:16014 & MORTH -Specifications for Road & Bridge Works: Section 14. Erosion control mat shall be installed on slope surface of soil /soil mixed boulder /weathered rock /weak stratum as indicated in drawing.
2500. 15. Adherence of Erosion control Mat to the insitu slope shall be ensured by properly installed U-pins. U-pins shall be driven in where soil /soil mixed
3. CE marked Gabion mattress is made with double twisted hexagonal shaped steel woven wire mesh, mechanically edged & selvedged, mesh type 10x12, boulder /weathered rock /weak stratum. Where rocky stratum is encountered locally, the anchors shall be drilled and inserted as per site feasibility.
and wire dia. 2.7/3.7mm (ID/OD) with Zinc+ PVC Coating as per IRC: SP-116, IS:16014 & MORTH -Specifications for Road & Bridge Works: Section 16. Hydraulically Applied Erosion Control Measures are recommended for establishing vegetation over Erosion control mat. The effectiveness of proposed
2500. system/solution is dependent on proper implementation and maintenance of vegetation measures.
4. The passive soil nails shall be of Self drilling anchors (SDA) -38mm dia. with yield load more than or equal to 400 kN shall be used. It shall have a 17. Access to water shall be arranged at site for application of hydraulically applied erosion control products.
minimum drill hole diameter of 76mm.The base plate shall be of size (min.) 200 X 200 X 10mm, which should be secured with nut. The exposed part of 18.Germination period shall vary between 14 to 28 days for grasses, 1 to 3 months herbs/legumes.
SDA, nuts and bearing plate shall be protected with suitable corrosion protection coating. 19.A local horticulture expert should be consulted to select the appropriate seeds. The seeds of the selected plant species can be sourced locally or can be
5. Geocomposite mat, three dimensional matrix having 6.5mm thickness as per EN ISO 9863-1, mass per unit area 600 grams/sqm, 6 kN/m tensile strength imported, as per the seed availability.
in length direction & 2 kN/m in cross direction as per MoRTH Section 700, Clause 706, Table 700-13. 20.Watering is a very important activity in the maintenance of the vegetation and shall be followed strictly.
6. Jute Mat (Type-1) is a biodegradable open weave jute mat made from 100% jute fiber, confirming to IS14986:2001 and has a construction of 21.After the seeding, the frequency of watering shall be as per the installation guidelines.
plain weave. 22.Foundation strata is to be inspected and verified by the competent engineer and further work shall start after their approval and verification of soil data
7. CE marked Knitted and Polymeric coated Polyester Uniaxial Geogrid for Soil Reinforcement indigenously manufactured from selected high tenacity and geometry of foundation.
polyester yarn with high molecular weight (> 25000 g/mol), and low carboxyl end group (<30mmol/kg) (extruded PP geogrids & Polyester strips & 23.Gabions units shall be placed at the levels/locations as indicated in the drawing.
Geostrips, Steel Strips not allowed & not accepted). Requirement of geogrid strength in both direction and granular fill. As per IRC:SP:59-2002 & MORTH 24.G.I. or M.S. pipe formwork shall be provided during installation to keep alignment for good aesthetic appearance of the Gabion. Bracing wire shall be
Section-700. provided to control bulging at 0.3m c/c along height and length.
8. CE Marked Geocell, a three-dimensional honeycomb like cellular confinement system having weld spacing 356mm and cell depth 100/200mm, 25.Gabion units filling should be done in 3 layers for 1m high gabion and in 2 layers for 0.5m high gabions. The size of rock used for gabion filling shall be
indigenously manufactured by blend of various polyethylene and additives, polyethylene strips ultrasonically welded consists of a multiple rhomboidal 150mm to 250mm. Lacing should be done in single & double looping fashion through every mesh opening approximately at every 150mm.
indentation over the entire strip. (Specification: MORTH Section-700 and IRC SP 59:2019) 26.The front face shall be neatly packed with good facia rocks for the facing of Gabion/Gabion facia structure.
9. CE marked drainage composite for use behind walls/ slopes, between two different fills, alongside drains of road, below concrete lining of canals etc. 27.Uniaxial geogrid shall be laid starting from outer line of facia and unrolling it perpendicular to the Reinforced Soil Structure alignment.
having thermobonding a draining core - HDPE geonet stabilized by carbon black comprises of two sets of parallel overlayed ribs integrally connected to 28.The structural fill shall be carefully placed and compacted in the area behind the Gabion facia units extending up to the end of the design reinforcement
have a rhomboidal shape with nonwoven geotextile that will be working as separation or protecting layer, geocomposite having in plane flow capacity of length of Reinforced Soil Structures.
0.55 L / (m.s) at hydraulic gradient of 1.0 & 100 kPa pressure and tensile strength of 16 kN/m , with mass per unit area of 710 gsm. 29.Structural filling and compaction shall be carried out in layers simultaneously with backfilling for the construction of Reinforced Soil Structures.
10.CE Marked Needle Punched and Mechanically Bonded Non-Woven Geotextile indigenously manufactured from high quality polypropylene staple fibres 30.The backfill and structural fill soils shall be well compacted to density greater than or equal to 95% modified proctor value.
(continous filament will not be accepted) for separation, drainge and filtration application. 31.Monsoon protection measures shall be installed prior to the rainy season, during construction period.
11.BIS Marked Mechanically Woven Double Twisted Hexagonal Shaped Wire Mesh Netting of Mesh Type 10x12 with D=100mm tolerance of ± 2%, Zn 32.Periodic maintenance of proposed mitigation system and drains shall be done, which is required for efficient working for the system and to check for
+ PVC coated, Mesh Wire dia. 2.7/3.7mm (ID/OD), mechanically edged/selvedged with galvanization as per EN 10223-3, and shall have minimum 10 clogging of drains.
numbers of mesh openings per meter of mesh perpendicular to twist, lacing with wire of diameter 2.2/3.2 mm (ID/OD). 33.Periodic maintenance, inspection and minor repairs shall be carried out after each rockfall event by clearing off the debris collected within the draped
12.High tensile steel wire mesh of Rhomboidal shape (mesh opening100X146) with diameter of inscribed circle 75mm, tensile strength 900N/mm2, mesh (in client's scope). All connections shall be checked periodically (approx. every 6 months). This shall aid in continued effective working of the
Punching strength over the mesh according to ISO 17746:2016 is 160 kN, Tensile strength of mesh in the main direction is 100kN/m with wire dia 3.4mm, system.
Galvanized with coating thickness 265g/m2 and twisted at the ends.Border/Reinforcemen rope diameter 10/12mm with minimum breaking load 34.Construction sequence should be strictly followed as per site specific installation manual provided by technology partner/manufacturer during time of
63.0/90.7kN, 6x19S+IWRC, according to EN 12385-4, Tensile strength of single wire > 1770 N/mm² EN 10264-2, Wire finish Galvanized according to EN construction as per specific situation at site.
10244-2 CLASS B. all accessories such as clips according to EN 13411-5. 35.Hydraulically applied erosion control measures shall be applied along with erosion control mat (applicable for exposed slope).
13.Minimum M25 grade concrete shall be used and concrete work shall confirm to specification given as per MORTH -Specifications for Road & Bridge
Works: section 1700.
14.The Boulders used in Gabion units shall be hard, angular to round, durable which shall not disintegrate on exposure to water or weathering during the life
of the structure.
15.Structural fill shall comply with properties approved by engineer-in-charge. The fine passing through 75 micron shall be less than or equal to 15%. The
soil shall not have PI>6. If in case structural fill with PI<6 is not available, the fill with phi > 30° is acceptable provided PI<12 and fine passing 75 micron
sieve will be less than or equal to 15% and particle size in general 6mm to 20mm and in no case greater than 40mm as per MORTH -Specifications for
Road & Bridge Works: section 3100.
16.Drainage Pipes (perforated) PVC Pipes of 51mm dia,wrapped in non woven geotextile shall be installed as indicated in drawing as sub-surface drainage
pipes over slope surface.
17.Perforated PVC Pipes of 160mm dia,wrapped in non woven geotextile shall be installed as indicated in drawing for reinforced soil structures and
subsurface drainage pipe.
17. J hooks of 8mm diameter steel bars and 600mm/ 800mm long as per locations indiacted in drawings.
18. CRS rod of 12mm diamter for connection between the fascia element (Gabion) and Geogrid as per drawings.

DRAWING TITLE- NOTES FOR APPROVAL

CLIENT: EPC CONTRACTOR: DESIGN CONSULTANT: APPROVED BY: PROJECT:

REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF GANGOTRI - DHARASU
(NH-108) TO 2- LANE WITH PAVED SHOULDERS FROM KM. 101.06 TO
CIVILMANTRA INFRACON PRIVATE CHECKED BY: KM 110.860 (DESIGN CHAINAGE FROM KM 87.730 TO KM 97.400) ON
BORDER ROADS ORGANIZATION OASIS TECHNOCONS LIMITED. LIMITED EPC MODE UNDER IMPROVEMENT TO NH CONNECTIVITY TO
CHARDHAM IN STATE OF UTTRAKHAND
DESIGNED BY:
TITLE: SLOPE STABILIZATION FOR RATURISERA LANDSLIDE FROM KM
AUTHORITY ENGINEER: SAFETY CONSULTANT. PROOF CONSULTANT. DRAWN BY: 108+045 TO CH 108+255 IN GANGOTRI - DHARASU NH 108,
UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND
05.01.2022 R1 MODIFICATION AS PER THDC SUGGESTIONS
G-ENG ADVISORY SEVICES DRG.NO. SHEET NO. REV.
21.10.2021 R0 FIRST SUBMISSION M.A SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. PVT.LTD. SCALE: DATE:
TFI/GH/NH/04 Sheet 1 of 5 R1
DATE REV DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS BY N.T.S 05.01.2022
 05
11

108+150.00

00
108+140.00
108+146.00
Anchor Tranch cum Drain

130.

0.00
108+
1100

+12

0.00
108

+11
108

.00
Surface Anchors SDA :

0
38mm dia, 6.0m long,

+10
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in

0
Coir

108

0.0

0.00
mat
Longitudinal directions and / Ju

+09
3m c/c in Transverse te m

+08
at

108
directions.

108

0
0.0
+ 07

.00
Catch Drain Hyd
rose

108

0
edin

+06
Surface Anchors SDA : g/m
ulch
ing

108
38mm dia, 8.0m long,
Surface Anchors SDA :
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
38mm dia, 6.0m long,
both directions.
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
BERM Longitudinal directions and
Surface Anchors SDA : BER
M 3m c/c in Transverse

108+190.00
38mm dia, 5.0m long, directions.
Hydroseed
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in ing/mulch
ing Lon
gitu
both directions. dina
l Dr
ain
Catch Drain
BERM
Surface Anchors SDA : 3D Geocomposite ma
38mm dia, 5.0m long, t,

108+200.00
6.5mm thickness, ma
ss per
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in unit area 600 grams
/sqm, BER
Longitudinal directions

.00
6kN/m tensile strengt M
h in

20.00
and 2.5m c/c in

108+210
length direction & 2kN BER
Transverse directions.
/m in M Surface Anchors SDA :
cross direction.
38mm dia, 8.0m long,
108+2
Hyd
BERM rose spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
edin
Surface Anchors SDA : BERM g/m
ulch both directions.
38mm dia, 8.0m long, ing
00

spaced @ 2.0m c/c in

Surface Anchors SDA :
230.

Rh
Longitudinal directions 146 ombo BER
)H ida M 38mm dia, 5.0m long,
and 2.5m c/c in
108+

Lon
gitu BER 3.4 igh Te l shap spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
Transverse directions. dina M mm nsil e (m
l Dr
ain
,M
esh e Stee esh o both directions.
l p
me Tensil Wire ening
Surface Anchors SDA : BERM
sh p e M
unc streng esh, w 00 x
1
38mm dia, 3.0m long, BERM hing th 1 ire
stre 0 Ø
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in ngt 0kN/m Surface Anchors SDA :
h1
Longitudinal directions 60k ,
N 38mm dia, 5.0m long,
0
.0

and 2.5m c/c in spaced @ 2.0m c/c in

40

Hyd
2

Transverse directions. Geocell

Longitudinal directions
8+

rose BER
edin
10

M
g/m
ulch and 2.5m c/c in
Gabion BER ing Transverse directions.
RR Mas onry Wall Cascade
M

10

T I S E R A \ C A D _ R A U T I S E R A . t if Toe Drain
Surface Anchors SDA :
38mm dia, 8.0m long,

U
8+

\ R A
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in

1
25

2 0 2
0.0

. 1 0 .
Longitudinal directions

5
0

b \ 0
ST-80

D:\Tech F e
BER and 2.5m c/c in
M
108 in Gab Geoc Transverse directions.
a ell
+25
4.8
Dr ST-79 ion W
all
0 Road
osed Geocell
Prop
Pro
pos 3.5
ed R Surface Anchors SDA :
oad Toe Retain

0.00
Drain ing W 38mm dia, 3.0m long,
12.0 all
ry Wall 3.5 3.5 12.0 spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
RR Mason

+05
3.5 Longitudinal directions

108

5.00
and 2.5m c/c in
DT Netting Geocell Transverse directions.

+04
108
RCC Pedestal
Clos Clos
Nailed Gabion in
in
as p g wall 3.5 as p g wall
e
e
cond r side
Gabion wall cond r side
ition Big Bolder ition
Geo 3.5 12.0
Big Bolder 108 cell
+25 Pro
4.8 pos Gabion
0 ed R
Surface Anchors SDA : oad Cascade
108+190.00

38mm dia, 5.0m long,

spaced @ 2.0m c/c in Utta
Longitudinal directions rkas
and 1.5m c/c in
hi >>
Bend
Transverse directions. Rein Clos
in
u foce as p g wall
aras
d So
ST-81 il Wa e
cond r side
< Dh
Gab
108+200.00

Groynes Structure ion w ll ition

< Big Bolder
@ 25m c/c
all
20.00

.00

Launching apron
Groynes Structure
108+210

0.00

@ 25m c/c
108+2

108+175.00
108+18

RCC Jacketing
108+170.00

108+165.00

108+160.00

108+150.00
108+146.00

108+140.00

25.0
0.00

RCC Jacketing
0.00
+12

Launching apron
0
0.0
108

+11

0
+10

0.0
108

108

+09
Groynes Structure

0.00
@ 25m c/c
108

0
0.0
+08

0.00
+07
108

108

5.00
0.00
+06
Launching apron 10

108

+04
+05
25

108
108
PLAN DRAWING DRAWING TITLE- PLAN FOR APPROVAL

CLIENT: EPC CONTRACTOR: DESIGN CONSULTANT: APPROVED BY: PROJECT:

REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF GANGOTRI - DHARASU
(NH-108) TO 2- LANE WITH PAVED SHOULDERS FROM KM. 101.06 TO
CIVILMANTRA INFRACON PRIVATE CHECKED BY: KM 110.860 (DESIGN CHAINAGE FROM KM 87.730 TO KM 97.400) ON
BORDER ROADS ORGANIZATION OASIS TECHNOCONS LIMITED. LIMITED EPC MODE UNDER IMPROVEMENT TO NH CONNECTIVITY TO
CHARDHAM IN STATE OF UTTRAKHAND
DESIGNED BY:
TITLE: SLOPE STABILIZATION FOR RATURISERA LANDSLIDE FROM KM
AUTHORITY ENGINEER: SAFETY CONSULTANT. PROOF CONSULTANT. DRAWN BY: 108+045 TO CH 108+255 IN GANGOTRI - DHARASU NH 108,
UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND
05.01.2022 R1 MODIFICATION AS PER THDC SUGGESTIONS
G-ENG ADVISORY SEVICES DRG.NO. SHEET NO. REV.
21.10.2021 R0 FIRST SUBMISSION M.A SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. PVT.LTD. SCALE: DATE:
TFI/GH/NH/04 Sheet 2 of 5 R1
DATE REV DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS BY N.T.S 05.01.2022
 12.0
PROPOSED ROAD
5.0
Detail- C Gabion wall (Mesh size 10x12, Anchor Tranch
2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,Zinc+PVC cum Drain
Reinforced soil wall 1.0 1120.0 Top Anchors SDA :
Coated) 38mm dia, 3.0m long,
(Gabion Fasia Mesh size spaced @ 1.5m c/c in 13.0
2.0 Backfill Longitudinal directions.
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire
Cutting Portion
ø, Zinc+PVC coated) 5.0 3.0
?
35°

10° Over burden

Non Woven Geotextile 3.8
Existing Road 4.0
Coir mat / Jute mat
?
1.0
5.0
Uniaxial Geogrid 27.5
Surface Anchors SDA :
38mm dia, 6.0m long,
?
Backfill
1035.00 1.0 Uniaxial Geogrid
Detail- D Existing Profile 6.00 spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
Longitudinal directions
and 3m c/c in
Non Woven Geotextile Hydroseeding/mulching Transverse directions.
7.0 Uniaxial Geogrid
?

?
Structral Fill Top Anchors SDA :
35°

Uniaxial Geogrid
6° 74° 38mm dia, 3.0m long,
1.0 spaced @ 1.5m c/c in
Uniaxial Geogrid Longitudinal directions. 5.0

10.0 Uniaxial Geogrid

5.0
8.0 Uniaxial Geogrid Longitudinal
Drain

Uniaxial Geogrid Hydroseeding/mulching 10°

Surface Anchors SDA :
8.00
Uniaxial Geogrid 38mm dia, 8.0m long,
Rhomboidal shape (mesh opening spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
0.5 13.0
?
50°
Uniaxial Geogrid
100 x 146) High Tensile Steel Wire both directions.
Uniaxial Geogrid
3.0 8.5 Uniaxial Geogrid
Mesh, wire Ø 3.4mm, Mesh
Surface Anchors SDA :
Tensile strength 100kN/m, mesh 5.00
Uniaxial Geogrid punching strength 160kN 38mm dia, 5.0m long,
1.5
10° spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
Uniaxial Geogrid
both directions.
0.5 Uniaxial Geogrid 3D Geocomposite mat,
6.5mm thickness, mass per Cutting Portion Longitudinal
Drain

Toe Drain unit area 600 grams/sqm,

3.5
Detail- F 6kN/m tensile strength in
length direction & 2kN/m in 5.00
? Surface Anchors SDA :
50° 38mm dia, 5.0m long,
15.0 cross direction. spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
10°
Longitudinal directions
DETAIL-B Top Anchors SDA : and 2.5m c/c in
38mm dia, 3.0m long, Transverse directions.
spaced @ 1.5m c/c in
Longitudinal directions. 1.5

Longitudinal
Nailed Gabion (Mesh 1.0
Drain
size 10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,
85.0 10°

Surface Anchors SDA :

Zinc+PVC coated)
50°
8.00 ? 38mm dia, 8.0m long,
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
15.0
Top Anchors SDA : Longitudinal directions
38mm dia, 3.0m long, and 2.5m c/c in 1.0
spaced @ 1.5m c/c in Transverse directions. 6°
Longitudinal directions. Detail- E
1.5
10°
'J' Hook (8mm Ø,800mm Longitudinal

DETAIL-B Long @ 1m c/c in both Drain

10.0
Direction)
10.5
45°
3.00 ? Drain pipes (50mm dia, PVC
perforated pipes wrapped with
non-woven geotextile)- 4m long,
Geocell (200X356) 10° 5.0
spaced at 3m c/c in both
12.0
PROPOSED ROAD
directions.
5.0
Detail- C Gabion wall (Mesh size 10x12,
2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,Zinc+PVC
Surface Anchors SDA : 5.0
Reinforced soil wall Coated)
1.0 38mm dia, 3.0m long,
(Gabion Fasia Mesh size
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire
ø, Zinc+PVC coated) 5.0
2.0
3.0
Backfill
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in Gabion wall (Mesh size
1.0
Non Woven Geotextile 3.8
Existing Road
4.0
5.0
? Longitudinal directions
and 2.5m c/c in Groynes Structure
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,
Zinc+PVC coated)
RCC Jacketing
(0.5m Thick)
Uniaxial Geogrid
Backfill
Detail- D Transverse directions.
1035.00 1.0 Uniaxial Geogrid

Non Woven Geotextile

@ 25m c/c
7.0 Uniaxial Geogrid

1.0
?
Structral Fill
6°
Uniaxial Geogrid
74°
Surface Anchors SDA :
In-situ Strata
'J' Hook (8mm Ø,800mm
10.0
1.0 Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid
6.25 Non Woven
38mm dia, 3.0m long,
Long @ 1m c/c in both
8.0 Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in HFL 2.0 Backfill Geotextile
0.5 Uniaxial Geogrid

Direction) 3.0
Uniaxial Geogrid

both directions. 7.50

DETAIL-A
8.5 Uniaxial Geogrid

0.5
Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid Launching apron(Mesh 3.0 100mm Thick PCC

5.0 size 10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm 6.75
45° Toe Drain

Geocell (200X356) 6.0

3.5
Detail- F
Wire ø, Zinc+PVC 4.0
? 8.0
30.5 Coated)
Nailed Gabion (Mesh 1.0
size 10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,
Zinc+PVC coated)
5.0 Non Woven Geotextile
6°
1.0 8.0
10°
Surface Anchors SDA :
10.0 38mm dia, 3.0m long,
spaced @ 2.0m c/c in 1004.50 3.0
5.0
Longitudinal directions Weep Holes 1.0m. c/c
Gabion wall (Mesh size
and 1.0m c/c in
Groynes Structure
@ 25m c/c
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,
Zinc+PVC coated)
RCC Jacketing
(0.5m Thick)
Transverse directions. 0.30 Non Woven Geotextile Cutoff wall
1.0
6.25 Non Woven
HFL 2.0 Backfill Geotextile
7.50
Launching apron (Mesh 3.0 100mm Thick PCC
5.0 size 10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm 6.75
Wire ø, Zinc+PVC 4.0
Coated) 8.0
8.0
5.0 Non Woven Geotextile DETAIL-A
1004.50 3.0 Weep Holes 1.0m. c/c
0.30 Non Woven Geotextile Cutoff wall

TYPICAL SOLUTION SCHEME AT CH:108+120 DRAWING TITLE- CROSS SECTION AT CH:108+120 FOR APPROVAL
APLICABLE CH:108+045 TO 108+170
CLIENT: EPC CONTRACTOR: DESIGN CONSULTANT: APPROVED BY: PROJECT:
REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF GANGOTRI - DHARASU
(NH-108) TO 2- LANE WITH PAVED SHOULDERS FROM KM. 101.06 TO
CIVILMANTRA INFRACON PRIVATE CHECKED BY: KM 110.860 (DESIGN CHAINAGE FROM KM 87.730 TO KM 97.400) ON
BORDER ROADS ORGANIZATION OASIS TECHNOCONS LIMITED. LIMITED EPC MODE UNDER IMPROVEMENT TO NH CONNECTIVITY TO
CHARDHAM IN STATE OF UTTRAKHAND
DESIGNED BY:
TITLE: SLOPE STABILIZATION FOR RATURISERA LANDSLIDE FROM KM
AUTHORITY ENGINEER: SAFETY CONSULTANT. PROOF CONSULTANT. DRAWN BY: 108+045 TO CH 108+255 IN GANGOTRI - DHARASU NH 108,
UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND
05.01.2022 R1 MODIFICATION AS PER THDC SUGGESTIONS
G-ENG ADVISORY SEVICES DRG.NO. SHEET NO. REV.
21.10.2021 R0 FIRST SUBMISSION M.A SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. PVT.LTD. SCALE: DATE:
TFI/GH/NH/04 Sheet 3 of 5 R1
DATE REV DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS BY N.T.S 05.01.2022
 Detail- C 12.0
PROPOSED ROAD 0.50
RR Masonry Wall 5.0
Reinforced soil wall (Gabion Weep hole
Non Woven Geotextile 3.00
Fasia Mesh size 10x12, 2.7/3.7
7.5
mm wire ø, Zinc+PVC coated) 1.0 Existing Road

Uniaxial Geogrid

1037.0 1.0
7.0
Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid
Backfill Detail- D ?
6° Uniaxial Geogrid

Structral Fill 1.0

Uniaxial Geogrid
10.0 8.0 Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid

0.5 Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid

1.5 8.5 Uniaxial Geogrid

Uniaxial Geogrid

?
Uniaxial Geogrid

0.5 Uniaxial Geogrid

Detail- F
0.5
Detail- E In-situ Strata
7.50
1.5
Surface / Vertical Anchors
SDA : 38mm dia, 5.0m 38°

long, spaced @ 2.0m c/c in

2.0
Longitudinal directions and In-situ Strata
1.0m c/c in Transverse
directions.
DETAIL-B Surface Anchors SDA :
38mm dia, 5.0m long, spaced
61°
@ 2.0m c/c in
1040.0 Longitudinal directions and
Detail- C 12.0
PROPOSED ROAD
1.5m c/c in Transverse
0.50
RR Masonry Wall
directions.
Reinforced soil wall (Gabion Weep hole
Non Woven Geotextile 3.00
Fasia Mesh size 10x12, 2.7/3.7
7.5
mm wire ø, Zinc+PVC coated) 1.0 Existing Road

Uniaxial Geogrid

1037.0 1.0
7.0
Uniaxial Geogrid
Backfill Detail- D
Uniaxial Geogrid

DETAIL-B 6° Uniaxial Geogrid

10.0
Structral Fill
8.0
1.0
Uniaxial Geogrid
37°
Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid Gabion wall (Mesh size
0.5 Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid
Groynes Structure 10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire ø, RCC Jacketing
1.5 8.5
Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid @ 25m c/c Zinc+PVC coated) (0.5m Thick)
Uniaxial Geogrid
Uniaxial Geogrid

0.5 Uniaxial Geogrid

RCC Pedestal Detail- F 1.0

Detail- E In-situ Strata
0.5 6.25 Backfill Over burden
Double twisted 7.50 HFL 2.0
1.5
Hexagonal Mesh Surface / Vertical Anchors 7.50
DETAIL-A Launching
SDA : 38mm dia, 5.0m 3.0
32.5
2.0
long, spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
Longitudinal directions and
apron(Mesh size 5.5
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm
Wire ø, Zinc+PVC 8.0
6.75
4.0 ?
1.0m c/c in Transverse 5.0
Coated) Non Woven Geotextile
9.5 directions. 8.0
Existing Profile ?
Drain pipes (50mm dia, PVC
Weep Holes 1.0m. c/c
Gabion wall (Mesh size
37°
perforated pipes wrapped 1004.5 3.0
Groynes Structure
@ 25m c/c
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm wire ø,
Zinc+PVC coated)
RCC Jacketing
(0.5m Thick) withnon-woven geotextile)- 0.30 Non Woven Geotextile Cutoff wall
1.0
Surface Anchors SDA : 4m long,spaced at 3m c/c in
HFL HFL
6.25
2.0 Backfill Over burden 38mm dia, 5.0m long, both directions.
7.50
Launching
3.0 spaced @ 2.0m c/c in
apron (Mesh size 5.5
10x12, 2.7/3.7 mm
6.75
4.0 ? Longitudinal directions and
Wire ø, Zinc+PVC
Coated)
8.0
5.0
DETAIL-A
8.0 Non Woven Geotextile
1.5m c/c in Transverse
1004.5 3.0 Weep Holes 1.0m. c/c directions.
0.30 Non Woven Geotextile Cutoff wall

TYPICAL SOLUTION SCHEME AT CH:108+170 DRAWING TITLE- CROSS SECTION AT CH:108+170 FOR APPROVAL
APLICABLE CH:108+170 TO 108+254.80
CLIENT: EPC CONTRACTOR: DESIGN CONSULTANT: APPROVED BY: PROJECT:
REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF GANGOTRI - DHARASU
(NH-108) TO 2- LANE WITH PAVED SHOULDERS FROM KM. 101.06 TO
CIVILMANTRA INFRACON PRIVATE CHECKED BY: KM 110.860 (DESIGN CHAINAGE FROM KM 87.730 TO KM 97.400) ON
BORDER ROADS ORGANIZATION OASIS TECHNOCONS LIMITED. LIMITED EPC MODE UNDER IMPROVEMENT TO NH CONNECTIVITY TO
CHARDHAM IN STATE OF UTTRAKHAND
DESIGNED BY:
TITLE: SLOPE STABILIZATION FOR RATURISERA LANDSLIDE FROM KM
AUTHORITY ENGINEER: SAFETY CONSULTANT. PROOF CONSULTANT. DRAWN BY: 108+045 TO CH 108+255 IN GANGOTRI - DHARASU NH 108,
UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND
05.01.2022 R1 MODIFICATION AS PER THDC SUGGESTIONS
G-ENG ADVISORY SEVICES DRG.NO. SHEET NO. REV.
21.10.2021 R0 FIRST SUBMISSION M.A SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. PVT.LTD. SCALE: DATE:
TFI/GH/NH/04 Sheet 4 of 5 R1
DATE REV DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS BY N.T.S 05.01.2022
 Draining core
Non Woven Geotextile on
both sides
GABION
1.0
NON WOVEN GEOTEXTILE

Transverse PVC Pipe 160mm Ø

PRIMARY Wrapped With Geotextile 2%
1.0/0.5 REINFORCEMENT Slope @ 10m C/c

12mm dia CONNECTOR ROD Longitudinal Perforated PVC

Pipe 160mm Ø Wrapped With
Non Woven Geotextile
DETAIL-C DETAIL-F
DETAILS OF DRAINAGE COMPOSITE
0.50 3.0 1.0
5.0
0.27 0.20 0.20
7.0

9.0
PCC Lining
0.35 11.0 0.150m thick

CROSS SECTION OF GROYNES

DETAIL-D

0.3m thick
mattress
as per MORTH
0.2 1.0 3.0
2500

0.6 5.0
0.75
7.0

TENTATIVE ISOMETRIC VIEW

DETAIL-E 9.0
OF GABION CASCADE
DETAIL OF CHUTE DRAIN
11.0
PLAN OF GROYNES
DRAWING TITLE- DETAILS FOR APPROVAL

CLIENT: EPC CONTRACTOR: DESIGN CONSULTANT: APPROVED BY: PROJECT:

REHABILITATION AND UPGRADATION OF GANGOTRI - DHARASU
(NH-108) TO 2- LANE WITH PAVED SHOULDERS FROM KM. 101.06 TO
CIVILMANTRA INFRACON PRIVATE CHECKED BY: KM 110.860 (DESIGN CHAINAGE FROM KM 87.730 TO KM 97.400) ON
BORDER ROADS ORGANIZATION OASIS TECHNOCONS LIMITED. LIMITED EPC MODE UNDER IMPROVEMENT TO NH CONNECTIVITY TO
CHARDHAM IN STATE OF UTTRAKHAND
DESIGNED BY:
TITLE: SLOPE STABILIZATION FOR RATURISERA LANDSLIDE FROM KM
AUTHORITY ENGINEER: SAFETY CONSULTANT. PROOF CONSULTANT. DRAWN BY: 108+045 TO CH 108+255 IN GANGOTRI - DHARASU NH 108,
UTTARKASHI, UTTARAKHAND
05.01.2022 R1 MODIFICATION AS PER THDC SUGGESTIONS
G-ENG ADVISORY SEVICES DRG.NO. SHEET NO. REV.
21.10.2021 R0 FIRST SUBMISSION M.A SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. PVT.LTD. SCALE: DATE:
TFI/GH/NH/04 Sheet 5 of 5 R1
DATE REV DESCRIPTION OF REVISIONS BY N.T.S 05.01.2022
ANNEXURE – V: TENTATIVE BUDGETARY ESTIMATE