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Unbalanced Three Phase Systems

An unbalanced three phase system occurs when the supply or load is not perfectly balanced, meaning the currents or voltages in each phase are not equal. In an unbalanced system, the quantities in one phase do not provide information about the other phases, so each phase must be analyzed independently. Common unbalanced situations include a star-connected supply feeding a star-connected load, delta-connected supply feeding star or delta loads, and star-connected supply feeding a delta load. These various unbalanced configurations can be analyzed using network theorems like Kirchhoff's laws, Ohm's law, and Millman's theorem to solve for individual phase currents and voltages.

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325 views3 pages

Unbalanced Three Phase Systems

An unbalanced three phase system occurs when the supply or load is not perfectly balanced, meaning the currents or voltages in each phase are not equal. In an unbalanced system, the quantities in one phase do not provide information about the other phases, so each phase must be analyzed independently. Common unbalanced situations include a star-connected supply feeding a star-connected load, delta-connected supply feeding star or delta loads, and star-connected supply feeding a delta load. These various unbalanced configurations can be analyzed using network theorems like Kirchhoff's laws, Ohm's law, and Millman's theorem to solve for individual phase currents and voltages.

Uploaded by

npavank
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unbalanced three phase systems

An unbalanced three phase system is one which is not perfectly balanced. It may be caused by the supply
being unbalanced, or more usually the load being unbalanced or both. In such a case, knowledge of the
currents or voltages in one phase does not tell us the currents or voltages in the other phases. Thus all
phase quantities must be independently determined. Let us consider some of the common unbalanced
situations to see how this may be done.
a) Star connected supply feeding a star connected load

(i) If Zneutral is considered zero, each individual phase current can be independently determined from
the supply voltage in that phase and the impedance of that phase.

Then the load voltages etc can be determined.

(ii) If there is a neutral impedance, then using Millmann’s theorem, we will first have to determine the
voltage of the star point of the load with respect to the supply neutral.

from which VSN is known.

Thus the load currents can be determined from

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Hence the remaining quantities can be determined.

(iii) If the system is a 3-wire system, rather than a 4-wire system, the analysis is the same as if zneutral
were

 (i.e. 1/zneutral = 0). Thus again Millmann‟s theorem is used to determine VSN and the load currents are
then determined.
(b) Delta connected supply feeding a star connected load: If the supply was connected, not in star but
in delta, which is not the case in practice, then we would have to write the Kirchoff‟s current law for the
loops and solve as a normal circuit problem.

(c) Delta connected supply feeding a delta connected load:

When a delta connected supply feeds a delta connected load, which is not usual, then the line voltages
are known so that the currents inside the delta can be obtained directly from Ohm‟s Law. The line
currents can then be obtained by phasor summing of the currents inside the delta. The remaining
variables are then obtained directly.
(d) Star connected supply feeding a delta connected load
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When a star connected supply feeds a delta connected load, then from the phase voltages the line voltages
are known so that the currents inside the delta can be obtained directly from Ohm‟s Law. The line
currents can then be obtained by phasor summing of the currents inside the delta. The remaining
variables are then obtained directly.
Thus basically, any unbalanced system can be calculated using the basic network theorems.

Measurement of Reactive Power in Balanced and Unbalanced Three Phase Systems:

One wattmeter method for measurement of reactive power is for 3 phase balanced load only. The current
coil of the wattmeter is connected in one of the lines. The pressure coil is connected across two lines. The
reactive power is Ö3 times the wattmeter reading.

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