1. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PRESENTED TO MR.

SAEED AHMED PRESENTED BY MUBASHIR AHMED

10019 AROOBA ARIF 19958 AYESHA NADEEM 10271
2. AGENDA  INTRODUCTION  HARWARE  TYPES OF HARDWARE  SOFTWARE  TYPES OF
SOFTWARE
3. INTRODUCTION A computer is an electronic device that accept data (input) and,
process data arithmetically and logically, produce information (output). It is
divided into two main categories  Hardware  Software
4. HARDWARE  Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and
other devices.  It includes not only the computer proper but also the cables,
connectors, power supply units, and peripheral devices such as the keyboard, mouse,
audio speakers, and printers.
5. TYPES OF HARDWARE INTERNAL HARDWARE Internal hardware is also called components.
It includes  CPU  Motherboard  RAM  ROM
6. CENTRAL PROCCESSING UNIT (CPU)  It is the brains of the computer.  Most of
calculations take place here.  Two typical components of a CPU are Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU) MOTHERBOARD  Is the main circuit board of a
microcomputer.  It contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots and all the
controllers required to control standard hardware devices.
7. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)  RAM is the place in a computer where the operating
system, application programs, and data in current use are kept .  It is a
temporary memory and can be compared to a person's short-term memory READ ONLY
MEMORY (ROM)  It is a technology that allows you to write data only once. After
the data has been written, you can read it an unlimited number of times.
8. INPUT HARDWARE Input hardware consists of external devices by which we give
information and instructions to the computer. Common input hardware are:  Keyboard
 Mouse  Scanner
9. KEYBOARD  The set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a
computer MOUSE  A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on a
display screen SCANNER  A device that can read text or illustrations printed on
paper and translate the information into a form the computer can use.
10. OUTPUT HARDWARE Output hardware consists of internal and external devices that
transfer information from the computer’s CPU to the computer user. Common output
hardware are  Monitor  Printer  Speaker
11. MONITOR  A display screen used to present output from a computer, video
camera, VCR or other video generator. PRINTER  In computers, a printer is a device
that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information
to paper SPEAKER  Speakers or headphones to an output port to hear the audio
produced by the computer.
12. CONNECTING HARDWARE Connecting device allow hardware devices to communicate
with each other Common devices are  Modem  LAN Card
13. MODEM  Modems connect a personal or portable computer to dial-up networks
through a regular telephone line LAN CARD  A Local Area Network (LAN) card is used
to provide wireless Internet access to computer users in home or roaming networks.
14. STORAGE HARDWARE A computer storage device is any type of hardware that stores
data. Some common storage devices are  Hard Disc  Floppy Disc  CD ROM
15. HARD DISC  A magnetic disk on which you can store computer data. The term hard
is used to distinguish it from a soft, or Floppy disk. FLOPPY DISC  A flexible
plastic disk coated with magnetic material and covered by a protective jacket, used
primarily by computers to store data magnetically. CD ROM  A CD-ROM is a CD that
can be read by a computer with an optical drive
16. SOFTWARE  A set of instructions that enables physical components of a computer
to work in a synchronize way is known as Software .  This set of instructions is
often called a program.  Computers cannot do any useful work without instructions
from software
17. TYPES OF SOFTWARE Computer software is also divided in four major types 
System Software  Programming Software  Application Software  Utility Software
18. SYSTEM SOFTWARE System software helps in running the computer hardware and the
computer system. Main system soft wares are  Operating systems  Device drivers
19. DEVICE DRIVERS  In computing, a device driver is a computer program allowing
higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device OPERATING SYSTEMS
 An operating system is an interface between hardware and user; it is responsible
for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited
resources of the computer.
20. APPLICATION SOFTWARE It enables the users to accomplish certain specific tasks.
Following are the types of application software WEB BROWSING SOFTWARE It allows
one to surf the Web. Example MS Internet Explorer WORD PROCCESSING SOFTWARE Allows
users to create, edit a document. Example MS Word
21. SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE Allows users to create document and perform calculation.
Example: MS Excel etc DATABASE SOFTWARE Allows users to store and retrieve vast
amount of data. Example: MS Access etc. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS SOFTWARE Allows
users to create visual presentation. Example MS Power Point
22. UTILITY SOFTWARE Utility software helps in the management of computer hardware
and application software. It performs a small range of tasks. Some typical examples
of utility software are DISK DEFRAGMENTORS It detect computer files whose contents
are stored on the hard disk in disjointed fragments, and move the fragments
together to increase efficiency.
23. BACKUP This utility make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and
restore either the entire disk or selected files DISK PARTITIONER It divide an
individual drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own file system which
can be mounted by the operating system and treated as an individual drive. ANTI-
VIRUS These utilities scan computer for viruses.
24. PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE This is one of the most commonly known and popularly used
forms of computer software. These software come in forms of tools that assist a
programmer in writing computer Programs. The tools that help the programmers in
instructing a computer system include  text editors  compilers  interpreters