Design and Simulation of a DC - DC

Boost Converter with PID

Controller for Enhanced
Performance

PROJECT GROUP MEMBERS PROJECT GUIDE

M.MAHENDAR 18B41A0206
V.HARSHA VARDHAN 19B45A0224 Mr.C.PRADEEP
G. MANASA 19B45A0207 M. Tech
M.SRIRAM 18B41A0205
Abstract

— This paper proposes the design and simulation of a

DC-DC Boost converter employing PID controller,
enhancing overall performance of the system. The
main objective of a DC-DC converter is to maintain a
constant output voltage despite variations in
input/source voltage, components and load current.
Designers aim to achieve better conversion efficiency,
minimized harmonic distortion and improved power
factor while keeping size and cost of converter within
acceptable range. A simple PID (Proportional, Integral
and Derivative) controller has been applied to a
conventional Boost converter and tested in MATLAB-
Simulink environment achieving improved voltage
regulation. The proposed closed loop implementation
of the converter maintains constant output voltage
despite changes in input voltage and significantly
reduces overshoot thereby improving the efficiency of
the converter. The output of this investigation has the
potential to contribute in a significant way in electric
vehicles, industry, communication and renewable
energy sectors.
1.INTRODUCTION
Power Electronics is ushering in a new kind of industrial revolution due to its
versatility in terms of fields of application like energy conservation, renewable
energy system, bulk utility energy storage, electric and hybrid vehicles and
industrial automation. When it comes to power conversion, a DC-DC converter
plays a significant role resulting in widespread applications in cellular phones,
laptop computers, LED drivers, maximizing energy harvest for photovoltaic
systems and for wind turbines, electric vehicles, hydro power plants and many
more. This widespread application requires that the converter should achieve
highest efficiency, minimized total harmonic distortion (THD) and improved
power factor (PF) at the load side while at the same time reducing size and
cost of the device and increasing availability.

An electric power converter, DC-DC converter or more commonly known as

a switched mode DC-DC converter as shown in Fig.1, either steps up or
steps down the source voltage, Vs according to the requirement of the load
connected, by making adjustments in the duty cycle applied to the
switching device (in most cases MOSFETs and IGBT’s).
In a DC-DC converter it is always desirable that a constant output voltage,
Vo is achieved despite changes in the source voltage, Vs, the load current,
iLoad and variations in element values of the converter circuit.
These disturbances can be originated from second harmonic periodic
variations of an off - line power system generated from the rectifier circuit
and applied to the DC-DC converter, variation of the source voltage Vs due
to switching (on/off) of neigh boring power system loads and variations in
the load current, iLoad amongst many. There are various types of DC-DC
converters namely – Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost, Cuk, Sepic and Zeta. One of
the most prominent research interests in this era is the application of DC-
DC converters with high step-up voltage gain.
Several control techniques have been proposed to ensure stability as well
as fast transient response namely - Fuzz Logic controller, Artificial Neural
Network (ANN), PID controller and PI controller.
Several Optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm
Optimization, and Bacterial Foraging Optimization have also been
proposed.
Amongst all converters, most widely used DC-DC converter is the Boost
converter, a step up converter which provides a higher voltage at the load
side, Vo compared to the source voltage Vs. Open loop mode of operation
of Boost converter exhibits substandard voltage regulation and undesirable
dynamic response. Therefore, closed loop mode of operation is preferred
for proper voltage regulation and performance enhancement.
In this paper proper voltage regulation of Boost converter is achieved
employing PID controller, tuned using trial and error method to find
appropriate values for the proportional, integral and derivative gains,
thereby improving converter performance. Section II of this paper deals
with the conventional Boost converter followed by a brief idea about PID
Controller in Section III, Section IV depicts the proposed converter and
finally the simulation and results are presented by comparing the
conventional Boost converter with the proposed or modified Boost
converter with PID controller in section V. The proposed circuit parameters,
simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and
feasibility of the proposed scheme.
2.BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.CONVENTIONAL BOOST CONVERTER
A conventional DC-DC Boost converter is composed of a
boost inductor, two semiconductors (a diode and a
transistor) and an output capacitor in parallel with the load
as shown

Boost converter also known as an up converter provides an output

voltage that is greater than the input voltage. Input for a boost
converter can be a simple DC source such as a battery, solar panel or
can be obtained directly from an AC source through a rectifier. The
inductors tendency to resist current variations due to changes in the
magnetic field is the key principle that drives the Boost converter.
Boost converter is said to operate in two modes. The switching is
achieved using either a MOSFET or an IGBT.
In low voltage applications MOSFET is preferred over IGBT due to its
higher computational speed compared to IGBT
4.PID CONTROLLER
One of the simplest and most widely used controller for decades is the PID
controller. PID stands for proportional (P), integral (I) and derivative (D)
controller. Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of a typical PID controller.

The plant on receiving the signal u(t) will generate a modified output Vo(t) which
will be again compared to the reference signal until the desired level is reached
thereby forming a close loop system. Effect of proportional, integral and
derivative control on close loop system is summarized in the Table I. provided
below.
5.PROPOSED CONVERTER
The proposed converter as shown in Fig. 6 is similar to the conventional Boost
converter as shown in Fig. 4 but differs only in the incorporation of a PID
controller which is extensively used in many practical applications for better
performance. which is feasible for proposed converter. Initial overshoot is a
prime concern for operating machines in industries and researchers aim for
designing a converter with good voltage regulation and overshoot reduction

Incorporating a PID controller with the converter improves the dynamic

response and reduces the steady-state error. The derivative controller (KD)
ameliorates the transient response and the integral controller (KI) will reduce
the steady state error of the system. Our proposed system maintains an output
of 200V when the input is in the range of 90V-110V which makes it quite
feasible to apply in different industrial purposes
Advantages:
1. This converter is able to step up the voltage at lowest
component count possible. But you may think that the buck-
boost converter is also capable of boosting the voltage with the
same number of components. The point is the boost converter is
capable of giving higher boost than buck-boost converter
without deteriorating its efficiency much. For the boost of 2 buck
boost converter will have at least 10% less efficiency than the
boost converter.
2. The input current is continuous which is very desirable for
sources like PV or battery.
3. The switch used here has the common ground with the source
which makes the drive circuit and control circuit arrangement
easier.
4. The output voltage is positive as opposed to the buck-boost
converter which makes the control is easy

Applications:
Boost Converter is s a simple converter which is used
to convert the DC voltage from lower level to higher level. Boost
converter is also called a DC to DC converter.
Applications:

 Automotive applications
 Power amplifier applications
 Adaptive control applications
 Battery power systems
 Consumer Electronics
 Communication Applications Battery Charging circuits
 In heaters and welders
 DC motor drives
 Power factor correction circuits
 Distributed power architecture systems
Future scope
The rising need for cost effective and high performance electronic
modules, increasing implementation of internet of things or IoT
technology, and improvements made in surgical devices for digital power
management and control are projected to boost the expansion of the
global DC-DC converters market. A DC-DC converter refers to an electrical
circuit that converts a direct current (DC) source into a different level of
voltage. They assist in boosting the voltage from a partially depleted
battery whilst conserving space. The voltage output is also regulated using
DC to DC converters, which is likely to augur well for the market in the
years to come.

A constant increase in the utilization of DC-DC converters across the

railroads sector, as well as a rising demand for DC-DC converters in electric
cars, are some of the current trends projected to influence the growth of
the global DC-DC converters market. In the coming years, both Malaysia
and India intend to select frequency bands to roll out 5G communication
networks in their respective nations. Advance features in vehicles, such as
LED lighting, V2X communication modules, advanced driver-assistance
system (ADAS) technology, and connectivity modules are likely to boost
the global DC-DC converter market in the years to come.

CONCLUSION
The proposed Boost converters with PID controller provides better voltage
regulation, overshoot reduction and improves the converter performance
compared to the conventional Boost converter. This paper successfully
provides a method to satisfy the objective of DC-DC converter to maintain a
constant output voltage at the load side. The proposed circuit is simple, easy to
understand and can be implemented with no additional components thereby
keeping size and cost of manufacturing the converter within considerable
range.
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