Fiscal Flow Measurement Exercises:

1. Flow Equations, Orifice Calculations

2. Gas Laws
3. Reduced Properties
4. Differential Pressure Flowmeters
5. Mag Meter Selection
6. Other Flowmeters
7. API Orifice Gas Flow Measurement
8. API Liquid Flow Measurement
9. Gas Chromatography
10. Final Control Elements
11. Final Exam

.
Exercise 1: Flow Equations, Orifice Calculations

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

A 30” WC U-tube manometer is installed across an orifice, installed in an air line from an air
receiver. A design flow rate of 7430 scfh of air flowing through the orifice develops a 25” WC
pressure differential. The flow is proportional to the square root of the pressure drop across the
orifice.

Use a manometer to measure the pressure drop across the orifice. The pressure drop is equal
to the height of the liquid column in the manometer.

__________ 1. Calculate the value of C in the equation using the flow, F, in scfh and the
pressure differential, h, in in. WC. 1486

__________ 2. What is the equation used to relate the pressure differential to the flow for
this orifice/manometer combination?

3. Develop a chart showing the flow value for manometer readings of 0”, 5”, 10”, 20”, 25”,
30”.

h √h F(scfh)
0 ______
0 0
______
5 ______
2.23 ______
3322.8
10 ______
3.16 ______
4699.1
15 ______
3.87 ______
5755.2
20 ______
4.47 ______
6645.6
25 ______
5 ______
7430
30 ______
5.48 ______
8139.1

Exercise 1 is continued on Page 2.

 Exercise 1 Page 2

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

Replace the manometer with a differential pressure gauge with a linear scale readout of 0
to100. The differential measurement instrument has a maximum differential of 30.0 in. WC.

__________ 4. Calculate the flow factor to be multiplied by the scale reading to obtain the
flow rate.

__________ 5. What is the equation used to relate the scale reading to the flow?

Replace the linear pressure gauge with a square root scale readout of 0 to 10. The differential
measurement instrument has a maximum differential of 30.0 in. WC.

__________ 6. Calculate the flow factor to be multiplied by the scale reading to obtain the
flow rate.

__________ 7. What is the equation used to relate the scale reading to the flow?
Exercise 2: GAS LAWS:
Name ______________________________________________ Date ____________________

1. Consider a balloon with a volume of 22.4 L at 273 K. What will be the new volume if
the temperature increases to 298 K? What Law Applies? 24.45 L
Charles Law
2. A 52 m3 sample of gas at 25 oC isobarically expands to 275 m3. What is the final
temperature? (Isobaric means constant pressure!) 1302 degC

3. Consider a balloon with a volume of 22.4 L at 273 K and 1.00 atm. What will be the
new volume if the pressure is doubled to 2.00 atm? What Law Applies? Boyle's Law
11.2 L
3
4. A sample of gas initially occupies 3.0 m at a pressure of 47.8 Torr. The pressure is
then increased to 746 Torr. What is the new volume? 0.192 m3

5. Consider a container with a volume of 22.4 L filled with a gas at 1.00 atm at 273 K.
What will be the new pressure if the temperature increases to 298 K? What Law
Applies? Gay Lusaac's Law 1.09 atm

6. A vessel has a pressure of 189 lb/in2 at 68 oF. What temperature is necessary to lower
the pressure to 142 lb/in2? 68 F = 528 R 142 = 158.73
189 lb/in2 = 203 abs
P2T1/P1 = 412.85
Exercise3: Reduced Properties

Name________________________________________________ Date ______________

Problem 1. A turbine meter indicates that 4,000 macf of gas passed through it in one day.
The average line pressure was 500 psig, and the average line temperature was 122 DegF.
The critical properties of the gas stream are Pc = 664.2 psia, and Tc = 384.5 DegR.

1. Calculate the compressibility factor for the movement.

2. What volume of gas in mscf was delivered that day?

Problem 2. Each day the pipeline must be balanced as to receipts and deliveries.
Because pressure and temperature may not be the same at the end of the day than at the
beginning, the amount of gas stored in the pipeline will change. Determining the amount
of that change is often called the line pack calculation.

The pipeline runs 39 miles with a total enclosed volume of 70,000 cubic feet. If the day
started with an average pressure of 500 psig and 122 DegF, and ended with an average
pressure of 600 psig and 122 DegF, how much additional gas is stored in the pipeline?

Source: Americal School of Gas Measurement Technology, 2011 Proceedings.

Exercise 4: DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE FLOWMETERS

Name ________________________________________________ Date __________________

T F 1. A low-loss flow tube is a primary flow element consisting of an aerodynamic

internal cross section with the low-pressure connection at the throat.

T F 2. A blocking valve is a valve used at a differential measuring instrument to

equalize high- and low-pressure sides of the differential instrument.

__________ 3. A(n) ___ is a pipeline restriction that causes a pressure drop used to measure
flow.
A. venturi tube
B. orifice plate
C. flow nozzle
D. all of the above

__________
pitot tube 4. A(n) ___ is a flow element consisting of a small bent tube with a nozzle
opening facing into the flow.

T F 5. The vena contracta is the point of lowest pressure and highest velocity
true downstream from a primary flow element.

__________
B 6. A(n) ___ is a primary flow element consisting of a thin circular metal plate
with a sharp-edged round hole in it and a tab that protrudes from the flanges.
A. flow nozzle
B. orifice plate
C. pitot tube
D. venturi tube

__________
averaging 7. A(n) ___ pitot tube consists of a tube with several impact openings inserted
through the wall of the pipe or duct and extending across the entire flow profile.

__________
Bernoulli 8. The ___ equation states that the sum of the heads of an enclosed flowing
fluid is the same at any two locations.

__________
tap 9. A(n) ___ is a pressure connection.

T F 10. Pressure-sensing taps are located in piping at a fixed distance upstream and
true downstream of a flow nozzle.
 Exercise 4 Page 2

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

C. rangeability11. ___ is the ratio of maximum flow to minimum measurable flow at a desired
______
measurement accuracy.
A. Turndown B. Differential pressure
C. Rangeability D. All of the above

__________
flow nozzle 12. A(n) ___ is a primary flow element consisting of a restriction shaped like a
curved funnel that allows a little more flow than other primary flow elements
and reduces the straight run pipe requirements.

T F 13. Flow measurement is only accurate as long as the flowing conditions remain
true
the same as when the system was designed.
venturi
__________ 14. A(n) ___ is a primary flow element consisting of a fabricated pipe section
with a converging inlet section, a straight throat, and a diverging outlet section.

T F 15. When liquid flow is measured, the presence of air bubbles in the impulse
false
lines improves the measurement accuracy.

__________
restriction 16. A pressure difference is created when a fluid passes through a(n) ___ in a
pipe.

__________
B. Impulse Line17. A(n) ___ is the tubing or piping connection that connects flowmeter taps to
any differential pressure instruments.
A. flange tap B. impulse line
B. pipe tap D. vena contracta tap

__________
turndown 18. The ___ ratio is the ratio of maximum measurable value to minimum
measurable value that can still produce full-scale output.

D.__________
All of the above19. Bernoulli determined that ___ was present at any point in a closed pipe.
A. static head due to applied pressure
B. static head due to elevation
C. velocity head
D. all of the above

__________
B. Below 20. When steam flow is measured, the measuring instrument must be located
___ the flow element.
A. Above B. below
C. at the same level as D. none of the above
Exercise 5: Magnetic Flowmeter Selection

Name ______________________________________________ Date ____________________

A wastewater stream has an operating flow range of 30 gpm up to 500 gpm through an 8” pipe.
To minimize the pressure loss through a magnetic flowmeter and any required inlet and outlet
reducers, the largest meter that can measure the maximum and minimum flows should be
selected.

Use the magnetic flowmeter selection chart. Assume that the minimum and maximum
measurable flow velocities are represented by the upper and lower limits of the chart.

__________ 1. Select the largest meter that can measure down to a minimum flow rate of 30
gpm and up to a maximum flow rate of 500 gpm.
Exercise 6: MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND OTHER
FLOWMETERS

Name ______________________________________________ Date ___________________

T F 1. A mass flowmeter is an electronic flowmeter that uses the principle of sound

transmission in liquids.

__________ 2. A(n) ___ is a mechanical flowmeter consisting of turbine blades mounted on

a wheel that measures the velocity of a liquid stream by counting the pulses
produced by the blades as they pass an electromagnetic pickup.
A. rotating disk meter
B. rotameter
C. turbine meter
D. orifice meter

__________ 3. A ___ meter is an electromagnetic flowmeter consisting of a stainless steel

tube lined with nonconductive material, with two electrical coils mounted on the
tube like a saddle.
A. magnetic
B. saddle
C. turbine
D. vortex shedding

__________ 4. A(n) ___ meter is a positive-displacement flowmeter where fluid fills a

chamber formed by sliding vanes mounted on a common hub rotated by the
fluid.

__________ 5. A(n) ___ is a calculating device that totalizes the amount of flow during a
specified time period.
A. derivative
B. integrator
C. differential pressure switch
D. mass flowmeter

__________ 6. A(n) ___ flowmeter is a mechanical flowmeter that admits fluid into a
chamber of known volume and then discharges it.

T F 7. Electrical flowmeters are flowmeters that use the electrical properties of a

fluid or use sensitive electronic circuits to measure fluid flows.

__________ 8. A(n) ___ meter is a positive-displacement flowmeter for liquids in which

fluid fills one piston chamber while the other piston chamber is emptied.
 Exercise 6 Page 2

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

T F 9. A vortex shedding meter is an electrical flowmeter consisting of a pipe

section with a symmetrical vertical bluff body (a partial dam) across the flowing
stream.

__________ 10. A(n) ___ meter is a positive-displacement flowmeter for liquids where
liquid flows through chambers, causing a disk to rotate and wobble.

T F 11. An ultrasonic flowmeter measures the actual mass of a flowing fluid.

__________ 12. A(n) ___ meter is a positive-displacement flowmeter where fluid flows into
chambers defined by the shape of the impellers.

__________ 13. A(n) ___ switch is a flow switch consisting of a heated temperature sensor.

__________ 14. A(n) ___ meter is a mass flowmeter consisting of specially formed tubing
that is oscillated at a right angle to the flowing mass of fluid.
A. Coriolis
B. ultrasonic
C. magnetic
D. thermal mass

__________ 15. A ___ is a special form of open-channel flow element that requires much
less channel elevation change than a standard weir.
A. Parshall weir
B. Parshall flume
C. Cipolleti weir
D. Cipolleti flume

__________ 16. A(n) ___ flowmeter uses the force of flowing fluid, usually a liquid, to
drive the meter.

T F 17. A thermal mass meter is an ultrasonic flowmeter consisting of two sets of

transmitting and receiving crystals, and a cooling element that measure the heat
loss to the fluid mass.

__________ 18. A ___ switch is a flow switch consisting of a thin, flexible piece of metal
inserted into a pipeline.
A. blade
B. thermal
C. differential pressure
D. rotameter
Exercise 6 Page 3

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

__________ 19. A ___ ultrasonic meter is a meter consisting of two sets of transmitting and
receiving crystals, one set aimed diagonally upstream and the other aimed
diagonally downstream.

A. Doppler
B. Coriolis
C. transit time
D. Bernoulli

__________ 20. A rotameter switch is a flow switch with a ___.

A. shaped float
B. fixed orifice
C. magnet
D. all of the above

__________ 21. A(n) ___ switch is a flow switch consisting of a pair of pressure-sensing
elements and an adjustable spring that can be set at a specific value to operate
an output switch.

T F 22. A weir is an open-channel flow measurement device consisting of a flat

plate that has a notch cut into the top edge.
Exercise 7: Gas Orifice Calculations

Name________________________________________________ Date ______________

Reference: API Standard MPMS, Chapter 14

Section 14.3 Concentric Square Edge Orifice Meters
ANSI/API 2530, GPA 8185, AGA Report 3

Example 3-1: Size an Orifice Plate in Gas Service (page 3-10):

Units Symbol Value

Line Size in D 4.026
Orifice Size in d solve for
Flange Taps
Specific Gravity G 0.700
Flowing Temp DegF DegF Tf 100
Flowing Press, psia psia Pf 75
Flow Rate, cfh scfh Qh 14200
Desired Differential in H2O hw 50

Equations:

Eq 3-4: Qh = Fb * Ftf * Fg * (hw * Pf)^0.5

Where:
Qh Rate of flow, scfh
Fb Basic Orifice Factor
Ftf Flowing temp factor, from 60 DegF to actual temp
Ftf = (520/(460+Tf))^0.5
Fg Specific Gravity Factor, from SG of Air (1.0) to flowing sg of gas
Fg = (1.0000/G)^0.5
Hw dP measured across orifice in in H2O at 60 DegF
Pf Flowing pressure, psia

Solve for Fb:

Fb = Qh/(Ftf*Fg*(hw*Pf)^0.5)

Select Orifice Size:

From Figure 3.16, for 4.026 line with flange taps:
 Exercise 7 Page 2

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

API Exercise 3-2: Calculate approximate flow rate for an orifice

Using appropriate terms from Eq3-4:

Units Symbol Value

Line Size in D 6.065
Orifice Size in d 3.500
Flange Taps
Specific Gravity G 0.750
Flowing Temp DegF DegF Tf 70
Flowing Press, psia psia Pf 90
Flow Rate, cfh scfh Qh solve for
Desired Differential in H2O hw 60

Equations:

Eq 3-4: Qh = Fb * Ftf * Fg * (hw * Pf)^0.5

Where:
Fb Basic Orifice Factor Look up from Figure 3-16:
Ftf Flowing temp factor, from 60 DegF to actual temp
Ftf = (520/(460+Tf))^0.5
Fg Specific Gravity Factor, from SG of Air (1.0) to flowing sg of gas
Fg = (1.0000/G)^0.5
hw dP measured across orifice in in H2O at 60 DegF
Pf Flowing pressure, psia

Qh Solve for: Rate of flow scfh

Attachments:

Fig 3-16: Flange Taps, Basic Orifice Factor, Fb

Fig 3-17: “b” Values for Reynolds Number Factor Fr – Flange Taps
Fig 3-18: Expansion Factors – Flange Taps, Y2 (Static downstream)
Exercise 8: LIQUID FLOW MEASUREMENT:
Name ______________________________________________ Date ____________________

Proving Method for liquids, per API MPMS, Chapter 12

1. Make 5 runs through a prover. Collect meter pulses, temp and pressure and flow
rate on each run.
2. Temp between meter and prover must agree within 0.5 DegF
3. Pressure between meter and prover must agree within 5 PSIG
4. Flowrate between runs must agree within 5%.
5. Meter Pulses between runs must agree within 0.05%.
6. If agreement is not made, make additional runs. Agreement must be made in 5
consecutive runs up to a maximum of 10 runs.
7. Average temperature, pressure, meter pulses and flow rate for all 5 runs.
8. Calculate the following:
9. For the Prover:
• CTSP: Correction for Temp of Steel for Prover
• CPSP: Correction for Pressure of Steel for Prover
• CTLP: Correction for Temp of Liquid for Prover
• CPLP: Correction for Pressure of Liquid for Prover
• CCFP: Combined Correction Factor, Prover = CTSP * CPSP * CTLP *
CPLP
• CPV: Corrected Prover Volume = Base Volume * CCFP

10. For the Meter:

• Gross Meter Volume = Avg Meter Pulses / Meter K Factor
• CTLM: Correction for Temp of Liquid for Meter
• CPLM: Correction for Pressure of Liquid for Meter
• CCFM: Combined Correction Factor, Meter = CTLM * CPLM
• CMV: Corrected Meter Volume = Gross Meter Volume * CCFM

11. Calculate the Meter Factor = CPV/CMV.

The new meter factor must agree with previous meter factor within 0.25%.

12. Save the report for audit and traceability.

Exercise 8 Page 2
Liquid Flow Measurement:

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

1..On August 20, Meter FT-0006 was proved on Crude Oil with a bi-directional ball
prover. The following data was collected:

Prove Report No: 89 Meter ID: FT-0003

Prover Common Name: Carson Prover Asset #: CCP1PVR0001
Is Meter Pressure Compensated N Net or Gross: G
Material: Carbon Steel
Size: 20 ID: 19.250 Wall: .375 Vol: 50.01940

Data From Consecutive Prove Runs:

Run Temperature Deg.F Pressure PSIG Gross Flowrate
Prover Meter Prover Meter Pulses N.BBL/Hr
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 81.2 81.3 45.1 48.5 49961 2529.7
2 81.2 81.3 45.1 48.5 49961 2519.8
3 81.3 81.3 45.1 48.5 49960 2524.4
4 81.3 81.3 45.1 48.5 49962 2522.6
5 81.3 81.3 45.1 48.5 49963 2523.5
Averages: 81.3 81.3 45.1 48.5 49961.4 2524.0
Maximum Count Deviation Between Runs Was .01%

Meter k Factor (ppb): 1000.000 Gravity API @60F: 29.2728

Calculated Data For Prover: Calculated Data For Meter:

1. Base Volume: 50.01940 Gross Meter Volume: _______
2. CTSP: 1.0004 CTLM: .9906
3. CPSP: 1.0001 CPLM: 1.0002
4. CTLP: .9906 CCFM: ________
5. CPLP: 1.0002 CMV: ________
6. CCFP: ________
7. CPV: ________ Meter Factor (CPV/CMV): ________

2. From the above, calculate the following:

• CCFP: Combined Correction Factor, Prover: _________

• CPV: Corrected Prover Volume: ___________

• Gross Meter Volume: _________

• CCFM: Combined Correction Factor, Meter: ___________

• CMV: Corrected Meter Volume: ____________

• Meter Factor: _______________

Exercise 8 Page 3

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

3. Following is the data collected from meter FT-0001 during the period Sep 17 to Sep
18: Product is Crude Oil:
• On Sep 17, at 0500, the meter register reads 85840574 barrels.
• On Sep 18, at 0500 the meter register reads 85917280 barrels.
• The API Gravity at 60 DegF is 30.7.
• The average Meter Temperature is 69.8 DegF
• The average Pressure is 38.8 PSIG
• The measured free water and sediment (S&W) is 0.09%
• The meter factor for the meter is 0.9910.
• Pe, the Vapor Pressure for Crude Oil, is 0.0

4. Given these parameters, calculate the following:

• The Indicated Volume (IV) for the period: _________

• What was the average flow rate, in barrels per hour? __________

• Given that the density of water at 60 DegF is 999.012 Kg/m3, convert API
Gravity to RhoT: _____________

• Calculate DeltaT: ____________

• Calculate AlphaT: ___________

• The Volume Correction Factor, VCF: ____________

• Given that F, the compressibility factor for hydrocarbons, from API Chapter
11.2.1 = .000004, calculate the Pressure Correction Factor, CPL: __________

• Calculate the Combined Correction Factor for the meter (CCFM): _________

• The Gross Standard Barrels (GSV): _____________

• The total water in the volume: _____________

• The Net Standard Barrels (NSV): _______________

Exercise 8 Page 4

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

Batch Report

Date : 09/18/03 Time : 04:56:31 Computer ID : CCP14100

Delivered To / Received From: LINE 93

Accounting No: ___________________ Movement No: _______________

Schedule/Sequence No:___________________ Type of Crude: _______________

Meter Run ID: FT-0001 FT-0002 FT-0003 LINE 93

Batch ID: 469 469 469
Batch Start Date: 09/17/03 09/17/03 09/17/03
Batch Start Time: 04:56:36 04:56:36 04:56:36

Batch End Date: 09/18/03 09/18/03 09/18/03

Batch End Time: 04:56:31 04:56:31 04:56:31

Closing IV Barrels: 85917280 103682306 101900510 291500091

Opening IV Barrels: 85840574 103601248 101824462 291266279
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Batch IV Barrels: ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

Meter Factor: .9910 .9985 .9986

Batch Flow Weighted Averages :

Temperature Deg.F: 69.8 69.8 69.8

Pressure PSIG: 38.8 39.9 38.8
VCF: _______ _______ _______
CPL: _______ _______ _______

Densitometer: ON-LINE DATA: LAB DATA:

Observed Gravity: 31.4 31.4 31.4 ________

Observed Temp: 69.8 69.8 69.8 ________
Corrected Gravity: 30.7 30.7 30.7 ________
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
Batch GSV BBLS: ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________

LAB DATA: ON-LINE DATA:

Batch % BS&W: ___________ .09
Cumulative Water BBLS: ___________ ________
Batch NSV BBLS: ___________ ________

Open Signature: Close Signature:

Company: __________________________ Company: __________________________

Witness: __________________________ Witness: __________________________

Remarks:
Exercise 9: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Name ______________________________________________ Date ____________________

________ 1. The retention factor, k', describes:

A. The distribution of an analyte between the stationary and the mobile
phase
B. The migration rate of an analyte through a column
C. The velocity of the mobile phase

________ 2. The selectivity factor, α, describes:

A. The proportional difference in widths of two chromatographic peaks
B. The maximum number of different species which a column can
separate simultaneously
C. The relative separation achieved between two species

________ 3. What useful information can be found from a Van Deemter plot?
A. The selectivity factor
B. Optimum mobile phase flow rate
C. Optimum column temperature

T F 4. Resolution is proportional to the square root of the number of theoretical

plates in a column. For example, doubling the column's length increases
resolution by a factor of √2.

________ 5. Which of the following gases is unsuitable for use as a GC carrier gas?
A. Nitrogen
B. Helium
C. Oxygen

________ 6. Which of these effects results from slow injection of a large sample volume?
A. Increased resolution
B. Decreased resolution
C. Non-linear detector response

________ 7. Which type of column has greater efficiency and resolution:

A. Packed
B. Capillary

T F 8. The response from a Flame Ionization Detector is affected by changes in

mobile phase flow rate.
Exercise 10: Final Control Elements Page 1

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

1. A control valve is to be sized for the following conditions:

Liquid Flow: 50 GPM
Specific gravity: 0.81
Inlet pressure: 240 psig
Pressure drop: 10 psig

What is the required flow coefficient for the valve?

2. A control valve is to be sized for the following conditions:

Saturated steam at maximum flow rate of 30,000 pounds per hour
Upstream pressure P1 of 40 psia
P2 will be 30 psia according to the flow sheet and physical piping arrangement

What is the required flow coefficient for the valve?

Final Exam: Page 1

Name________________________________________________ Date ______________

__________ 1. A streamline is a line that shows the direction and ___ of smooth flow
at every point across a pipe profile.
A. area
B. temperature
C. magnitude
D. velocity

__________ 2. ___ is mass per unit volume.

__________ 3. ___ law is a gas law that states that the absolute pressure of a given
quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume provided the temperature
remains constant.

___________ 4. ___ is the quantity of fluid passing a point at a particular moment.

A. Total flow
B. Flow rate
C. Velocity
D. Viscosity

__________ 5. ___ is a ratio of the density of a fluid to the density of a reference fluid.
A. Reynolds number
B. Absolute viscosity
C. Specific gravity
D. Kinematic viscosity

__________ 6. A(n) ___ fluid is a fluid where there is little change in volume when the
fluid is subjected to a change in pressure.
A. compressible
B. incompressible
C. kinematic
D. laminar

__________ 7. The ___ number is the ratio between the inertial forces moving a fluid
and viscous forces resisting that movement, and describes the nature of the
fluid flow.

T F 8. The type of fluid is the most important characteristic of a fluid that

affects flow.

__________ 9. A(n) ___ is a material that flows and takes the shape of its container.
Final Exam: Page 2
Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

__________ 10. ___ viscosity is the resistance to flow of a fluid and has units of
centipoises (cp).
A. Absolute
B. Fluid
C. Kinematic
D. All of the above

__________ 11. ___ viscosity is the ratio of absolute viscosity to fluid density and has
units of centistokes (cS).

__________ 12. ___ flow is smooth fluid flow that has a flow profile that is parabolic
in shape, and there is no mixing between the streamlines.

__________ 13. ___ law is a gas law that states that the volume of a given quantity of
gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the pressure
remains constant.

T F 14. Smooth flow is fluid flow in which the flow profile is a flattened
parabola, the streamlines are not present, and the fluid is freely intermixing.

__________ 15. If the absolute pressure on a gas is doubled while the temperature is
held constant, the volume of the gas is ___.
A. doubled
B. halved
C. not changed
D. cannot be determined

T F 16. Density is the pressure and temperature of a gas or vapor at the point
of measurement.

__________ 17. ___ law is a gas law that states that the absolute pressure of a given
quantity of a gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the
volume remains constant.

T F 18. Standard conditions are an accepted set of temperature and pressure

conditions used as a basis for measurement.

__________ 19. ___ is the quantity of fluid that passes a point during a specific time
interval.
A. Viscosity
B. Laminar flow
C. Turbulent flow
D. Total flow
Final Exam: Page 3

Name _______________________________________________ Date __________________

__________ 20. Which of the following flow meters directly measures the volumetric
flow rate of a fluid?
A. Differential Pressure
B. Magnetic
C. Positive Displacement
D. Turbine
E. Vortex Shedding

__________ 21. The flow of water in a 4-inch pipe is measured with an orifice plate
and differential pressure transmitter. At a flow rate of 120 GPM, the
differential pressure is 27 inches of water. What is the differential
pressure at a flow rate of 176 GPM?
A. 12“ wc
B. 18” wc
C. 58” wc
D. 68” wc

__________ 22. For measuring the flow of raw sewage in a 4 inch steel pipe at a flow
rate of 150 GPM, which of the following sensing devices will provide
the most reliable and maintenance free installation?
A. Coriolis flow meter
B. Magnetic flow meter
C. Orifice plate
D. Ultrasonic flow meter