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5 Fuzzy Numbers Arithmetic and The Extension Principle

This document discusses fuzzy numbers, fuzzy arithmetic, and the extension principle. It defines fuzzy numbers as fuzzy subsets of numerical domains like integers. The extension principle extends functions to map between fuzzy sets by taking the maximum membership grades across overlapping values. Fuzzy arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are defined by applying the extension principle and taking the minimum or maximum of membership grades. Examples demonstrate applying functions and arithmetic to fuzzy numbers and sets.

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Vaibhav Pawar
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122 views13 pages

5 Fuzzy Numbers Arithmetic and The Extension Principle

This document discusses fuzzy numbers, fuzzy arithmetic, and the extension principle. It defines fuzzy numbers as fuzzy subsets of numerical domains like integers. The extension principle extends functions to map between fuzzy sets by taking the maximum membership grades across overlapping values. Fuzzy arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are defined by applying the extension principle and taking the minimum or maximum of membership grades. Examples demonstrate applying functions and arithmetic to fuzzy numbers and sets.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Pawar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

Fuzzy Numbers, Arithmetic, and the


extension Principle

2012 1
5.1. Fuzzy Numbers
Fuzzy numbers are the
basis for fuzzy arithmetic.
A fuzzy number is a fuzzy
subset of the universe of
numerical numbers e.g. a
fuzzy integer is a fuzzy
subset of the domain of
integers.
While Fig. a is crisp
Number 1.3, depicts b
the fuzzy number 1.3,
or in other words the
fuzzy set “around 1.3”
or “close to 1.3”
Fig. b,d are for the
Interval 1.25 to1.35. Crisp Fuzzy

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5.2. The extension Principle :
In a mapping provided by the general
function f: y = f (x), if the input, x is crisp,
then the resulting output, y, is also crisp.

An extension principle developed by Zadeh


Mapping of a crisp set
[1975] enables us to extend the domain of
a function on fuzzy sets. It thus generalizes a common point-to-
point mapping of a function f(.) to a mapping between fuzzy sets.
Let A ,B be two fuzzy sets, defined in universe of discourse X,Y.
And let ‘f ‘ be a nonfuzzy transformation function between
universes X and Y, so that f : X  Y.
We say that the crisp function
f:XY
is fuzzified when it is extended to act on fuzzy sets defined on X
and Y.

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5.2.1. Definition and Examples
Suppose that f is a function from X to Y and A is a fuzzy set on X
defined as

The extension principle states that the image of fuzzy set A under
the mapping f(.) can be expressed as a fuzzy set B.

where yi=f(xi)

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example1

An illustration of the
extension principle:

The fuzzy set "x is about 2"


And the transform:
f(x) = (x-1)2
The resulting fuzzy set is
f(“about 2" )
which represents:
((about 2)-1)2

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If f(.) is a many-to-one mapping, then there exist x1, x2 ∈ X,
x1 ≠ x2, such that f(x1)=f(x2)=y*, y* ∈ Y.
Then the membership grade at y=y* is the maximum of the
membership grades at x1 and x2
more generally, we have

example 2
Non-Monotonic Function
Points a,b are mapped to
the same point m.
Also points c,d are mapped
to the same point n.
In each case we take the
“max” value of the degrees
of membership under
consideration.
2012 Hany Selim 7
5.3. Fuzzy Arithmetic Operations
Applying the extension principle to arithmetic operations it is
possible to define fuzzy arithmetic operations.
Let x and y be the operands, z the result.
Let A and B denote the fuzzy sets that represent the operands x
and y respectively.
the symbol ∨ is the maximum operator and ∧ is the minimum operator.

5.3.1. Fuzzy Addition

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5.3.1. Fuzzy Addition

A = fuzzy number 3 = 0.3/1+0.6/2+1/3+0.6/4+0.3/5

B = fuzzy number 11= 0.5/10 + 1/11 + 0.5/12

A+B= (0.3^0.5)/(1+10) + (0.3^1)/(1+11) + ( 0.3^0.5)/(1+12) +


(0.6^0.5)/(2+10) + (0.6^1)/(2+11) + (0.6^0.5)/(2+12) +
(1^0.5)/(3+10) + (1^1)/(3+11) + (1^0.5)/(3+12 ) +
(0.6^0.5)/(4+10) +(0.6^1)/(4+11) + (0.6^0.5)/(4+12) +
(0.3^0.5)/(5+10) + (0.3^1)/(5+11) + (0.3^0.5)/(5+12)

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Getting the minimum of the membership values:
A+B=0.3/11 + 0.3/12 + 0.3/13 +0.5/12 + 0.6/13 + 0.5/14 + 0.5/13 + 1/14 + 0.5/15 +
0.5/14 + 0.6/15 + 0.5/16 + +0.3/15 + 0.3/16 + 0.3/17

Getting the maximum of the duplicated values:


A+B=0.3/11 + (0.3 V 0.5)/12 + (0.3 V 0.6 V 0.5)/13 + (0.5 V 1 V 0.5)/14 +
(0.5 V 0.6 V 0.3)/15 + (0.5 V 0.3)/16 + 0.3/17

A+B=0.3 / 11 + 0.5 / 12 + 0.6 / 13 + 1 / 14 + 0.6 / 15 + 0.5 / 16 + 0.3 / 17

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5.3.2. Fuzzy Subtraction

5.3.3. Fuzzy Multiplication

5.3.4. Fuzzy Division

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example 3:
Let both X and Y be the universe of natural numbers:
Function: y = f(x) = x + 4;
• A = 0.1/2 + 0.4/3 + 1/4 + 0.6/5;
• B = f(A) = 0.1/6 + 0.4/7 + 1/8 + 0.6/9

example 4:
Function: y = f(x1,x2) = x1 + x2:
• A1 =0.1/2 + 0.4/3 + 1/4 + 0.6/5;
• A2 =0.4/5 + 1/6;
• B = f(A1, A2)
= 0.1/7 + max(0.4,0.1)/8 + max(0.4,0.4)/9 + max(0.4,1)/10 +
0.6/11.
=0.1/7 + 0.4/8 + 0.4/9 + 1/10 + 0.6/11.

2012 Hany Selim 12


Quiz
Y = f(x) = (x-3)2 + 2

x = (Around 4) =0.3/2 + 0.6/3 + 1 /4 +0.3/6

Y = f(Around 4) = ?

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