FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)

MINI PROJECT ASSESSMENT FORM

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(MEM 603)

REPORT - ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

LECTURER NAME DUE DATE SUBMISSION REMARKS
DATE
DR ZAINOOE HAILMEE SOLIHIN 7/5/2021 7/5/2021

No Name Student ID Group No

1 MOHAMAD HAZRUL QUSYAIRI BIN MOHD 2019528007 EMD7M8A
NOR AZMI
2 ARIFF BIN AWANG ABDUL RAHMAN 2019725581 EMD7M8A
3 SHAHRUL ANUAR BIN MOHD YUSLEE 2019704843 EMD7M8A
4 SITI NUR AWANIS BINTI ANUAR 2019704743 EMD7M8A
5 SITI NURZARIFAH BINTI MD AMIR 2019530315 EMD7M8A

GENERAL LEVEL POOR MARGINAL ACCEPTABLE GOOD EXCELLENT

GUIDELINES:
Scale 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

PO Assessment Criteria Weight Scale (y) Total= w * y

(Report) (w)
PO6 Introduction 10
Content/ Diagrams/Figures/ Discussion and Conclusion
PO6 Part A 20
PO6 Part B 20
PO6 Part C 20
PO6 Part D 15
PO6 Format, Language and 15
Organization References
and citation
TOTAL 100%

REMARKS:
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)

MINI PROJECT ASSESSMENT FORM

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(MEM 603)

RUBRIC ASSESSMENT – REPORT

GENERAL LEVEL POOR MARGINAL ACCEPTABLE GOOD EXCELLENT
GUIDELINES:
Scale 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

Scale 1-2 3,4 5,6 7,8 9-10

Criteria Poor Marginal Acceptable Good Excellent Factor

Introduction Topic is poorly Topic is fairly introduced. Topic is well

introduced. Lack of Moderately understand on introduced. Clearly
understanding on the the topic. explain on the topics.
topic.

Finding Topic is poorly Fairly general research Well and thorough

discussed. Lack/ on the concept and its research in the concept
absent of supporting applications. Some and its applications.
evidence. supporting evidence is Effective supporting
provided. evidence is provided.

Conclusion Unclear conclusion of Topic is fairly concluded. Topic is well concluded.

the topic.

Utilization of Inadequate use of Adequate use of Able to make use of

resources resources. resources. all relevant and available
Contents PART Not receptive to Receptive to some resources effectively.
A-D new ideas and unableto new ideas and partially Receptive to new
utilize them. able to act autonomously. ideas, critics, suggestions
References Lack of interest Show interest and and able toact
and citation and curiosity in curiosity in acquiring new accordingly.
acquiring new knowledge and expanding Show strong interest
knowledge. it through newresources and curiosity in acquiring
Not many utilization. new knowledge and
resources explored. Adequately cite expanding it to new
Inadequate or no allreferences. horizon through resource
citation of resources. utilization.
Many resources
explored.
Sources of reference
are well cited with
complete.
explanation of tables
and figures.

Format Writing is Writing is found to be in Writing is well

disorganized, accordance with course organized and covered
unfocused to the requirements and have relevant to the course
main theme and some focus on discernible requirements and topicsfor
Organizationon disconnected. theme and supporting discussions.
Not following the details. Each sub-topic is
required format of clear and well
presentation. structured.

Writing Writing lacks clear Writing skills are Excellent writing skills
sentences and somehow clear and in the use of words and
paragraphs. paragraphs are well prefect grammar.
Deficiencies in structured. Less grammar Sources of reference
Language
good grammatically mistakes. are well cited with
skill witting. complete explanation of
tables and figures.

Updated 13 April 2020

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 4

2.0 PART A: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES

IDENTIFICATION............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 FACILITIES THAT COMPLY WITH OSHA ......................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Wasted or Rejected Steel Structures Area ................................................................... 5

2.1.2 Operation or Duty Area .............................................................................................. 5
2.2 FACILITIES TO PREVENT HAZARD................................................................................... 6

2.3 SAFETY EQUIPMENT........................................................................................................... 7

2.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) ................................................................. 11

2.5 SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR THE WORKPLACE ................................................................ 14

3.0 PART B: HAZARD IN WORKPLACE ..................................................................... 16

3.1 TYPE OF HAZARDS............................................................................................................ 17

3.1.1 Physical Hazard ........................................................................................................ 17

3.1.2 Mechanical Hazard ................................................................................................... 18
3.1.3 Chemical Hazard ...................................................................................................... 19
3.1.4 Safety Hazard ........................................................................................................... 19
3.1.5 Ergonomic Hazard .................................................................................................... 20
3.2 HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS ............................................................................................. 21

4.0 PART C: PROCEDURE AND ACTIVITIES OF AN EMERGENCY / INJURY /

ACCIDENT / INCIDENT ................................................................................................. 25

4.1 EMERGENCY EVACUATION ............................................................................................ 25

4.2 EMERGENCY SHUT-DOWN .............................................................................................. 26

4.3 REPORTING......................................................................................................................... 26

4.3.1 Example of JKPP 6 and JKPP 9 form ....................................................................... 27

4.3.2 Forensic Investigation............................................................................................... 28
4.3.3 Compensation and Insurance Claims......................................................................... 28
5.0 PART D: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
........................................................................................................................................... 29

5.1 DAILY AND ROUTINE ENFORCEMENT OF OSH............................................................ 29

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 5.1.1 Daily Routine ........................................................................................................... 29
5.1.2 Tools, Machine and Equipment Quick Inspection. .................................................... 30
5.2 OSH DOCUMENTS.............................................................................................................. 31

5.2.1 Risk Assessment Form ............................................................................................. 31

5.3 SAFETY COMMITTEE ........................................................................................................ 31

5.4 SAFETY AWARENESS PROGRAM ................................................................................... 32

5.5 MACHINE SAFETY PROCEDURE ..................................................................................... 32

5.5.1 Safety Practice When Using A Grinder ..................................................................... 32

5.5.2 Safety Practice When Operating A Forklift ............................................................... 33
5.6 APPLICATION OF PPE........................................................................................................ 33

6.0 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................ 35

7.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 36

8.0 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................. 37

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Yooh Huat Metal Works Sdn. Bhd. ........................................................................ 4

Figure 2: Wasted or rejected material area ............................................................................. 5

Figure 3: a) Inspection and Testing of steel structure, (b) Forklift and mobile crane used to
transport and handling the steel structures ............................................................................. 6

Figure 4: Example of emergency assembly area .................................................................... 7

Figure 5: Example of smoking area ....................................................................................... 7

Figure 6: Example of designated walkways area.................................................................... 7

Figure 7: Fire extinguisher in accessible area ........................................................................ 8

Figure 8: Example of fire alarm system ................................................................................. 8

Figure 9: A few safety signs used in the working area ........................................................... 9

Figure 12: Example of PPE for general workers .................................................................. 11

Figure 11: Type of PPE and its functions............................................................................. 11

Figure 13: Minimum indicators for PPE replacement .......................................................... 12

Figure 14: Example of PPE for welders ............................................................................... 14

2
Figure 15: Example of safety checklists .............................................................................. 15

Figure 16: Examples of hazards occurred at workplace ....................................................... 16

Figure 17: Absence of safety harness may result in falls from high place ............................. 17

Figure 18: Grinding wheel break and thrown onto worker’s safety goggle ........................... 18

Figure 19: Burn marks and irritations due to exposure to chemical substances ..................... 19

Figure 20: Tripping may resulting in fatal accident.............................................................. 20

Figure 21: Worker lifts heavy loads..................................................................................... 21

Figure 22: Hierarchy of control ........................................................................................... 21

Figure 23: Drawing plan of the workshop............................................................................ 25

Figure 24: Procedure of reporting when an incident happened ............................................. 26

Figure 25: Example of JKKP 6 and JKPP 9 form ................................................................ 27

Figure 26: The floor of the workshop is clear of hazards ..................................................... 29

Figure 27: Welder with feeder ............................................................................................. 30

Figure 28: Welder machine ................................................................................................. 30

Figure 29: When not in use, the gases for the torch cutter are kept aside at a safe spot ......... 30

Figure 30: Torch Cutter placed out of the way while still accessible to the worker............... 30

Figure 31: Risk assessment form by Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) .. 31

Figure 32: Type of steel cutter machine used ....................................................................... 32

Figure 33: Forklift used to lift a heavy load ......................................................................... 33

Figure 34: A worker wearing safety boots ........................................................................... 33

Figure 35: A worker wearing safety glasses while using the angle grinder ........................... 34

Figure 36: A worker wearing PPE for welding .................................................................... 34

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: 6 main types of safety signs ..................................................................................... 9

Table 2: Summary of PPE for welders ................................................................................. 13

Table 3: Hierarchy of engineering control ........................................................................... 22

3
1.0 INTRODUCTION

This Mini Project was implemented to fulfil the objective, relate theories of OSHA,
communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community
and others. The group consist of 5 group members. Each group member was assigned a
respective task based on the guidelines given. Before beginning writing the report, a discussion
through google meet was conducted by the group to discuss the company that needs to choose.

Based on the title of Mini Project Osh Implementation at industry, the group decide to
choose Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd located at Taman Mount Austin, Johor Bahru. The
company was a fraction of Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd subsidiaries and was established
in 1985. In the beginning, the company started as a metals sub-contractor works. This
subsidiary was created to expand the leading construction companies. The primary sector of
this company is handling steel structure engineering.

Therefore, metal works are their job scope. Some of the metal works in this company
involve hand rilling and factory steel structure. The company also design accessories for the
building. Other than that, build a factory steel structure and trusses for the building is one of
their expertise. Most of the design of the building or factory was requested by the customers.

Figure 1: Yooh Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd.

4
2.0 PART A: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PRACTICES
IDENTIFICATION

2.1 FACILITIES THAT COMPLY WITH OSHA

2.1.1 Wasted or Rejected Steel Structures Area

The wasted steel structure area is designated to place all rejected steel structures
or parts in one area to reduce risk and hazard. The hazard might come from the new
designs; thus, the designated area is clarified on one side. Moreover, having a specific
space or area for the worn parts and an uncoordinated working environment can be
avoided. This complies with the OSHA regulation, where it is mentioned in Section
15(2)(e); the provision and maintenance of a working environment are practicable,
safe, without giving risks to health and adequate for the welfare at work [1].

Figure 2: Wasted or rejected material area.

2.1.2 Operation or Duty Area

As for Yoon Huat Metal Work Sdn. Bhd, the workers or employees will conduct
an inspection, transporting and handling steel structures such as columns, trusses, tie
beams and many more before proceeding into the site area. The workers will inspect
the bundle of steel structures before these parts are lifted using forklifts or mobile crane.
The weight of steel structures must be considered before transporting and handling the
lifting operation. The position of steel structures is placed accordingly with the
guideline provided either by forklift or mobile crane workers. This ensures the safety
practices are being applied and able to avoid any harm or hazard towards the workers.
Moreover, it is compulsory for the workers involved in the assigned tasks to wear a
complete PPE such as a safety helmet, safety jacket and shoes, and gloves to protect
themselves from any harmful situation. This company obey the OSHA regulations

5
 where is stated in Section 15(2)(b); every employee and self-employed must ensure that
the arrangement in operation, handling, storage and transport of the plant and
substances are practicable, safety and absence risk to health towards both workers and
[2]
citizens and also under Section 17(1); every employer and a self-employed person
should conduct his undertaking in such a manner to ensure that he and other persons,
who may be affected thereby are not exposed to safety and health risks [3].

(a) (b)

Figure 3: a) Inspection and Testing of steel structure, (b) Forklift and mobile crane
used to transport and handling the steel structures.

2.2 FACILITIES TO PREVENT HAZARD

Every company should provide adequate facilities that help to prevent the hazard.
This is to ensure that the workplace is complied with the OSHA regulation and help protect
the workers from any unwanted accidents at the workplace. Therefore, there are a few
facilities that should exist at the workplace to prevent hazard listed in the following
explanations.

I) Emergency assembly area – In an emergency evacuation, such as a fire, the

employees and visitors should assemble in a designated safe zone away from the
building, which is the example shown in Figure 4.
II) Smoking area – From the example shown in Figure 5 below, a designated smoking
area should separate the room apart from the working area. This smoking room or
area should have ventilation outside of the workplace building. Moreover, no
employees can enter this room during working hours to prevent any delay in their
job.

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III) Designated walkways area – Regarding the U.S OSHA codes, it requires
permanent passageways and aisles to stay clear from obstructions when the forklifts
or machinery are being used along with it. Refer to Figure 6 as an inference.
Therefore, preventing hazards and keeping the workers or pedestrians safe by
separating the passage between people and vehicles. However, for smaller facilities,
floor stripping is the best way to designate pedestrian walkways and must ensure
that the walkway is wide enough to accommodate pedestrians.

Figure 4: Example of Figure 5: Example Figure 6: Example of

emergency assembly of smoking area. designated walkways
area. area.

2.3 SAFETY EQUIPMENT

Safety equipment provides extra protection towards the workplace even though the
workplace is made as safe as possible and other safety measures are readily applied. In
other words, risks can remain or happen when all regulations of safety are being followed.
Therefore, having safety equipment may help to reduce or lower injury costs. Training for
using the safety equipment is essential to ensure that the equipment provides as much
protection as possible and increases the quality and morale of the employees. The following
equipment listed is already implemented in the workplace.

I) Fire extinguisher – This is one of the essential safety equipment that should have
or needed in the working area, shown in Figure 7. It is an active fire protection
device used to extinguish or control small fires, especially during emergencies. It
must be placed in the easier accessible area where the workers can see it. This safety
equipment has followed OSHA regulations, which is Without prejudice to any law
with respect to local authorities; in every factory, there shall be taken such

7
 precautions against fire. There shall be provided and maintained such means of
escape in case of fire other than means of exit in everyday use, and such means of
extinguishing the fire as may be prescribed.
II) Fire alarm system – From Figure 8, it is an example design for a fire alarm system.
This system aids in warning the employees, staffs and general public (visitors) when
there is the detection of smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other fire-related
emergencies. It is being activated automatically from smoke and heat detectors or
through manual call points and pull stations.
III) Safety signs – It is vital to wide awake the workers on the potential hazard area by
properly labelled the signage at those dangerous areas. There are many signages for
safety shown in Figure 9 that help create alert workers, especially when active high-
risk jobs. In other words, these safety signs are designed to warn of hazard, to
require mandatory actions such as using Personal Protective Equipment, identifying
the safety equipment's location and many more. However, there are six main types
of safety signs which contain instruction on what "can’t” be done or “must” be done,
shown in Table 1.

Figure 7: Fire extinguisher in Figure 8: Example of fire

accessible area. alarm system.

8
 Figure 9: A few safety signs used in the working area.

Table 1: 6 main types of safety signs.

Type of sign Purpose Example

Prohibition Signs - • To notify people that they can’t
CAN’T DO do something where the sign is
a universally recognizable red
circle with a diagonal line.
Mandatory Signs - • It is an instruction that must be
MUST DO followed. The sign usually
displays by a white symbol or
pictogram within a blue circle
on a white background.
• The sign can also be written
with the words in black on a
white rectangular background.
Danger Signs - • To warn people about
KILL YOU potentially life-threatening
hazardous conditions. The sign
is a familiar red oval inside a
black rectangle with the word
DANGER in bold and capital
letters.

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Warning Signs - • Even though there are no
HURT YOU hazardous conditions that
would affect life-threatening,
this signifies that they can still
get hurt. This sign able to be
identified with yellow
background and a black
triangle around the hazard
symbol.
Emergency • Aid the people to find the
Information Signs - location of emergency related
SAFETY FIRST facilities when there are
something goes wrong. The
green background with white
writing and symbols is instantly
identifiable for safety.
Fire Signs - • It is much easier to spot around
FIRE EQUIP the fire alarms and fire-fighting
equipment with the bright red
sign. All text and imagery are
white and stands out against the
red background.

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2.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

In any workshop, factory or industrial area, it is vital for the workers to wear suitable
and adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The purpose of PPE is to avoid any
possible dangers, hazards, or injuries, such as contact with chemical, radiological,
electrical, mechanical, and more. Therefore, without appropriate measures taken, this
illness or injuries might occur in the working area, which may cause fatal to the workers.

According to the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), the

approval of PPE for industries or companies is one of the necessities of the Factory and
Machinery Act 1967 (FMA), Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and
Regulations. The seven basic types of PPE that require approval from the Director are
respiratory, hearing, eye, hand, foot, body and head protection. However, PPE should be
used as the last method in preventing the hazard that might be happened. In other words,
another measure of controls or procedures should be taken beforehand. In selecting
appropriate PPE, it must depend on the nature of the working environment and need to be
consulted first by the authorized person. Therefore, the summary of types of PPE and its
functions, as well as the example of PPE for general workers in the pictorial diagram, are
shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12, respectively below.

Figure 12: Example of PPE

for general workers.

Figure 11: Type of PPE and its functions.

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 Furthermore, these PPE also must undertake maintenance or replacement if
required. It is essential always to keep the PPE in good condition to prevent unwanted
incidents. Figure 13 will show the summary on minimum indicators for PPE replacement
or maintenance for more detailed information.

Figure 13: Minimum indicators for PPE replacement.

As for the welder, a few adequate types of PPE should be worn by the assigned
person to protect himself from any hazardous situation. A welding helmet must be put
before the operation of welding starts to keep away the face together with the eyes of the
welder from debris, UV radiation and particles. Moreover, to prevent the body from
excessive temperature, burns, fire and radiation, a functional body, hand and foot protection
should be put on during the welding process. Summary of PPE for welders and an example
pictorial diagram of PPE are shown in Table 2 and Figure 14, respectively.

12
 Table 2: Summary of PPE for welders.

Welding - Personal Protective Equipment

Body Part Equipment Illustration Reason
Eyes and face Welding helmet, Protects from:
hand shield, or
• radiation
goggles
• flying particles,
debris
• hot slag, sparks
• intense light
• irritation and
chemical burns

Wear fire-resistant head

coverings under the
helmet where appropriate.
Lungs Respirators Protects against:
(breathing)
• fumes and oxides

Exposed skin Fire/Flame Protects against:

(other than resistant clothing
• heat, fires
feet, hands, and aprons
• burns
and head)
• radiation

Notes: pants should not

have cuffs; shirts should
have flaps over pockets or
be taped closed.
Ears - hearing Earmuffs, earplugs Protects against:

• noise

13
 Use fire-resistant ear muffs
where sparks or splatter
may enter the ear, rather
than plugs.
Feet and Boots, gloves Protects against:
hands
• electric shock
• heat
• burns
• fires

Figure 14: Example of PPE for welders.

2.5 SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR THE WORKPLACE

Safety checklist usually used by employers or safety managers during safety

inspections to identify the potential hazard at the workplace. Occupational Safety and
Health (OSHA) already provide a wide range of checklist in variety of industries and
applications to identify potential threats. Figure 15 below shows an example template given
by OSHA for safety checklists.

14
Figure 15: Example of safety checklists.

15
3.0 PART B: HAZARD IN WORKPLACE

Hazard can be defined as one a potential source of harm. Theoretically, the hazard can
be said as any substances, events, or circumstances that can harm or damage human health,
life, property, or any other interest value. Hazards with only a hypothetical possibility of harm
can be latent or possible. Hazard can also be classified in several ways, whether it is natural,
technological, or anthropogenic. An occurrence that is triggered by a hazard interaction is
considered an accident. The severity of this kind of undesirable consequences of the hazard-
related accident, combined with the likelihood of the hazard occurring, can be regarded as one
of the associated risks. Risk can be interpreted as the chance or probability that a person being
harmed or experiences an adverse health effect when exposed to a hazard. When an accident
or incident occurred, there will be a risk when a hazard occurs that contribute to the accident.

Figure 16: Examples of hazards occurred at workplace.

In order to avoid fatal accident to happen, risk has to be identified in the first place.
There are several ways to identify risks. One of them was to define the source of the hazard.
When detecting a threat, the key concept was sensing stored energy that can contribute to severe
damage when released. The stored energy can occur in many different kinds, such as nuclear,
electrical, and even chemical and mechanical. The form of risk that took place was not from
the released of the stored energy but due to dangerous conditions that contributed to the fatal
accident to happen. Conditions such as uncomfortable positions, repeated motions, enclosed
space, low hanging, or protruding object may contribute to the accident that occurred and
affecting the severity of the associated risk and hazard.

The hazard can also be categorized into various chemical risks, safety hazards, physical
hazards, mechanical hazards, and ergonomic hazards. This will depend on where the presence
of hazard came from and involving the hazardous situations that take place and contributing to

16
the accident happened. There will be many kinds of danger in daily life that occur, whether it
causes minor or major injury to the person involved. In the company of Yoon Huat Metal
Works Sdn Bhd was no exception and several hazards happened there. Various type of hazard
that took place on-site can be described as followed.

3.1 TYPE OF HAZARDS

3.1.1 Physical Hazard

A physical hazard is a hazard that occurs naturally and has the potential in
causing damage or loss such as explosions, fires, floods, falls from heights and heat
radiation. Physical risk has features of both human and organic. The nature element
weather variation and storm intensity with heavy rain will contribute to flooding. While
radiation used for a medical purpose such as during x-ray for patient in hospital/clinic
may contribute for physical hazard to take place and when the patient been exposed to
prolonged exposure of the radiation, it can lead to cancer burned skin and skin tissue
damaged. Besides, this kind of physical hazard may also come from harm due to
contacts such as electric shock and falling.

Figure 17: Absence of safety harness may result in falls from high place.

In Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd, one accident happened where the worker
falls to one floor below, from floor 1 to the ground. This accident occurred when the
worker accidentally slipped when working at the high place. The worker himself also
neglected safety as he did not wear any safety harness, which resulted in the accident.
The injured worker was then brought to the hospital for a check-up and x-ray, and
fortunately, the worker does not possess any significant injury. This kind of hazard can
be prevented by ensuring the workers wearing PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to

17
avoid this kind of accident shortly. Apart from that, in Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn
Bhd, there is also an issue with high decibel machine noise, which irritated worker’s
ears. This can be avoided by wearing earplugs when dealing with machinery.
Hence, workers should be aware and obliged all the safety measurement as the
negligence of the safety will result in a fatal accident.

3.1.2 Mechanical Hazard

Mechanical hazard can be defined as a hazard involving a device/machine,

whether from the machine-powered or manual (human) machine that utilizes the
machine or manufacturing process during the work. Hazard can happen due to
misconduct of the machinery or uncultured act such as playing jokes with other workers
near the machinery, which can cause a severe accident to take place. This mechanical
hazard can well describe in the situation such as cloth of the worker being tangled inside
the moving machinery, which may cause a fatal accident to happen and even worse can
lead to death. Besides, another situation that always happened is when the worker being
hit by parts that accidentally ejected from a machine, such as when they are working
with a lathe or grinder machine.

Figure 18: Grinding wheel break and thrown onto worker’s safety goggle.

There is one accident that happened where the cutting tool of the grinder break
and thrown towards the worker’s face, and fortunately, the worker was not injured as it
only hit the face shield that the worker wore. To avoid this kind of accident, workers
must follow the administrative procedure and engineering control needed. Enforcement
of PPE usage has to be obliged to minimize the severity of hazards that occur.

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3.1.3 Chemical Hazard

Chemical hazard or biohazard originates from the biological process of living

organisms that refer to agents that pose a threat to living organisms' health, security,
and environmental health. This includes viruses or parasites that may occur from the
outside. The danger of bacteria such as Escherichia coli known as a disease-causing
pathogen, and several measures have to be taken to reduce human exposure to these
microorganisms through personal hygiene health.

Figure 19: Burn marks and irritations due to exposure to chemical substances.

The chemical hazards consist of harmful substances that can eventually affect
human’s health. Those chemicals such as lead, plumbum and acid can harm the worker
when they were being exposed to these substances such as a burn or skin dermatitis. If
the contact of exposure is in a long period of time, it can be deadly as well. Some of the
chemicals are dangerous when inhaling, while some can be dangerous when being
touched. The discomfort that came from the exposure to these chemicals could lead to
a bad, healthy place to work. Hence, to deal with in and avoid this kind of hazard, follow
the standard control measures and ensure that the workers are wearing safety gloves,
face mask, and safety goggles that can prevent irritations towards their eyes or skin
when handling the chemicals. Besides, few safety measurements need to be obliged to
create a safer environment, especially when the chemical activities were carried out.

3.1.4 Safety Hazard

Safety hazard referred to an unsafe working environment that can cause harm
to human. This kind of hazard is the most common hazard that can be found at the
workplace. The dangerous situation that contributes to this kind of hazard, such as

19
unguarded moving machinery that may be accidentally touched, tripping due to cords
left on the floor or tripping from the spill from oil or chemical substances, can cause
injury to the workers. It is necessary for the workers to be alert and aware in order to
avoid the same mistakes that were made. Apart from that, workers need to ensure that
all the equipment used were in its designated place when the equipment/tool was not
being used.

Figure 20: Tripping may resulting in fatal accident.

At Yoon Huat Metal Work Sdn Bhd, there is also an incident that happens due
to tripping. Hence, the workers must also take responsibility to be aware of their
surroundings to avoid this hazardous situation. The severity of the hazard will become
minor when the likelihood of occurrence was inconceivable.

3.1.5 Ergonomic Hazard

Ergonomic hazard can be defined as the physical condition that may pose a risk
of injury to the musculoskeletal system, such as lower back ligaments or muscles, hand
or wrist, tendon, wrist, and knee bones. These were a critical part of human bodies that
always affected, especially when they are lifting heavy loads with the wrong posture.
Ergonomic hazards, specifically focusing on the intense posture of the body,
uncomfortable position, poorly designed device, poor lighting and hand or arm shaking,
became one reason where this ergonomic hazard took place. Whether it is occupational
or non-occupational environments, this ergonomic hazard may occur in both
environmental situations such as at building sites, houses, schools, public spaces, and
facilities.

20
 Figure 21: Worker lifts heavy loads.

As for the Yoon Huat Metal Work Sdn Bhd, the worker is exposed to this kind
of hazard when they have to lift heavy loads, which will become severe for their body
when the workers do it multiple times. The effect of this hazard will also affect the work
as they can become fatigued and contribute to severe back pain. In order to avoid this
hazard from happening, workers should use correct posture when lifting and tend to
avoid lifting heavy load on their own. Instead, the workers should use the proper
equipment when lifting heavy loads.

3.2 HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

Figure 22: Hierarchy of control.

The hierarchy of control is a controlling exposure to the occupational hazard in

order to protect the worker from the danger that may happen. This can be used in
determining how to implement feasible and effective control solutions.

21
 Table 3: Hierarchy of engineering control.

They control the hazard at the working sites by Elimination

physically removing the hazard, such as
The preferred method and most
repairing any damaged electric cord and
effective solution
removing hazardous substance with a
mechanical process.

Substitute high potential of hazardous material Substitution

with a less hazardous material, process, or
If eliminations are not possible, look
equipment by replacing the substances or work
to substitute or replace the known
conducted.
hazard with one that is less

Minimization
hazardous.

Redesign equipment or work processes to Engineering Controls

reduce the frequency of performing dangerous
This strategy involves denying
tasks. Isolate the hazard by installing barriers
access to the hazard by installing
around hazardous areas.
physical barriers

Implement safe work practices to reduce risk by Administrative Controls

changing how people work, such as by doing a
When exposure to the risk is not (or
safety check on equipment before use. Limit the
cannot be) minimized by other mean
exposure time towards hazard during the
handling of work.
Back-Up

They ensure the PPE is worn to increase Personal Protective Equipment

protection when working, such as using
Used only when other measures are
reflective vests during night work, safety boots,
not practical or to increase protection
safety gloves, earmuffs, ear plugs, and safety
harness.

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 HIRARC FORM

Company : Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd Conducted by : -

Process/Location : Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd Date : (from…to…) -

Approved by : - Last Review Date : - - -

(Name, designation)
(Date) Prepared by : Siti Nurzarifah bt Md Amir

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL

R/NR PIC (Due

Activities Hazard Cause/Effect Current Risk Control *Likelihood *Severity *Risk Level Recommended Control Measure
* Date/Status)

Grinding wheel Contribute to severe injury when Worker may suffer injury
Wear face shield and being extra
Grinding R break and fly onto this kind of unexpected accident if no face shield being 4 4 20 -
careful during the work
worker’s face happened worn

Supplies of industrial salt mixed

Injury may range from minor to with fine gravel can be kept and
Worker should be trained to
Trip and fall severe depending on the spread during such conditions
Fuel and oil spills R deal with any spillage that 4 5 20 -
accident likelihood of the accident. E.g.: and also used promptly to
may happen
broken bones, bruises absorb and clean up any fuel or
oil spill
Ensure workers are not
The physical effort is too exposed to repetitive or Train workers in proper lifting
Lifting heavy loads R Serious back injury 3 2 6 -
strenuous high impact work for long techniques
periods of time
Take the injured worker to
The injury can range from minor
hospital to check for any Wear safety harness when doing
Maintenance at high place NR Fall from building to severe which including broken 4 5 25 -
injury whether minor or work at high place
bones or head trauma
fatal

23
 Suitable attire needs to be worn
especially when handling a moving
Clothes tangled Severe injury may likely to
Work involving the Emergency shut machinery. Provide adequate
NR into moving happen which may contribute to 4 5 25 -
moving machinery off lighting on site so every work that
machinery death
was done can also be seen by
others

1-4 (Low)
*R – Routine , NR – Non-Routine 5-12 (Medium)
15-25 (High)
*Risk Level

*Likelihood (A) 3 - Conceivable (Might be occur at some time in future)

5 - Most Likely (The most likely result of the hazard / event being
2 - Remote (Has not been known to occur after many years)
realized)
1 - Inconceivable (Is practically impossible and has never occurred)
4 - Possible (Has a good chance of occurring and is not unusual)

*Severity (B) Hierarchy of

5 - Catastrophic (Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property damage and productivity) Control

4 - Fatal (Approximately one single fatality major property damage if hazard is realized) 1 - Elimination

3 - Serious (Non-fatal injury, permanent 2 - Substitution

disability) 3 - Isolation
2 - Minor (Disabling but not permanent
4 - Engineering Control
injury)
5 - Administration Control
1 - Negligible (Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts,
6 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
first aid type injury)

24
4.0 PART C: PROCEDURE AND ACTIVITIES OF AN EMERGENCY / INJURY /
ACCIDENT / INCIDENT

4.1 EMERGENCY EVACUATION

a) Heard the emergency controls personnel, immediately stop the working activities, and follow
the instruction by a supervisor.
b) By following the emergency plan, walk quickly and calmly to the assembly area, which is the
safest area of the building.
c) For the employee who stays nearest the accident location, assist any person in immediate danger
if it is safe to do so.
d) If the emergency is related to a fire situation, the employee can use the fire extinguisher to stop
the burning, but only if it is safe to do so. The location of the fire extinguisher can be identified
on the emergency plan.
e) Call for help on 999 if the situation cannot be controlled.

Figure 23: Drawing plan of the workshop.

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4.2 EMERGENCY SHUT-DOWN

a) When the accident happened, do not worry. Face the incident calmly.
b) Find the kill switch of the machine and press it down.
c) The kill switch will stop running the machine immediately.
d) Assists the victim after it is safe.
e) Report the incident to the supervisor.
f) Make an incident review.

*Basically, the kill switch has a removable or protective barrier, and it's
usually located at a place where it is easy to access.

4.3 REPORTING

The procedure of reporting about the incident.

Figure 24: Procedure of reporting when an incident happened.

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4.3.1 Example of JKPP 6 and JKPP 9 form

The JKKP 6 form must be filled and send to the DOSH after the incident occurred. If
the employee takes medical leaves for more than four days, the company needs to send the
JKKP 9 form to DOSH after they send the JKKP 6 form.

Figure 25: Example of JKKP 6 and JKPP 9 form.

27
4.3.2 Forensic Investigation

a) Investigate the report, take the witness statement, documentation and pay close attention to
the photograph about the incident.
b) Doing some site inspection and collect the evidence.
c) Check out the damaged materials based on the collection of the evidence and do some
experiments.
d) Review the safety protocol and evaluate the work practice and the process of the industrial.
e) Decide the function and mechanism of the equipment while doing the investigation.
f) Reconstruct the flow of an event and actions of the person involved in the incident.

4.3.3 Compensation and Insurance Claims

a) Contact the insurance company and complete the claim form.

b) Make a police report about the incident.
c) Report to the company. So, they can give the passport or the employee data that needed
during the insurance claim procedure.
d) Ensure has the medical report of the injuries. Bring the original medical bills or receipts to
the insurance company.

28
5.0 PART D: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The site visit was conducted at Yoon Huat Metal Work Sdn. Bhd. At Johor Bahru. Since
the current movement control order does not restrict movement within the state, the site visit
could be done without crossing into another state. Since this workshop is a metal workshop,
the OSH Management System needs to consider the type of machine used in the workshop.
This includes machines, tools, and equipment such as welding machine, grinding machine,
torch cutter and forklift.

5.1 DAILY AND ROUTINE ENFORCEMENT OF OSH

5.1.1 Daily Routine

Yoon Huat Metal Work Sdn Bhd start their workday at 8 am. In the morning,
they will switch on the electricity for the workshop. The electricity for the workshop is
turned off overnight since the workshop is not in use. This can help avoid any incident
from any negligence of forgetting to turn off a machine a causing an incident.

Each day, before work, the workers sort the tools in preparation for the day and
clear the floor from any debris such as excess metals and tools that yesterday’s closing
cleaning might have missed. Every day, this process is done to ensure cleanliness at the
workshop and clear any hazards present that could cause tripping.

Every evening at 5 pm (or 7 pm depending on the worker's overtime), they

would clean up the workshop before they close the workshop for the day. This includes
sorting the tools back to their specified locations, sorting the welding machines,
grinding machines, torch cutter and managing their wires and hoses.

Figure 26: The floor of the workshop is clear of hazards.

29
5.1.2 Tools, Machine and Equipment Quick Inspection.

Once the power is turned on, the tools are checked to ensure they are in working
condition. The machinery is also inspected to ensure there are no visible damages that
could be hazardous. The wires of the machinery were checked to ensure there are no
exposed wires that pose a threat of electrocution to the workers. They also checked the
tools to confirm that they are correctly placed at their designated locations to make the
process of working smoother and safer.

Figure 27: Welder with feeder.

Figure 28: Welder machine.

Figure 30: Torch Cutter placed Figure 29: When not in use, the
out of the way while still gases for the torch cutter are kept
accessible to the worker. aside at a safe spot.

30
5.2 OSH DOCUMENTS

5.2.1 Risk Assessment Form

Figure 31: Risk assessment form by Department of Safety and Health Malaysia
(DOSH).

The figure shows the standard risk assessment form by the Department of Safety
and Health Malaysia (DOSH). The form should be used by the workshop manager to
quickly identify the hazards that are present in the workshop. Some examples of the
hazards are injuries form material handling, injuries from hand tools such and an angle
grinder, eye damage from welding, handling heavy metal poles. The hazards need to be
identified to provide a solution to minimize the risks for the workers.

5.3 SAFETY COMMITTEE

Johor Bahru City Council representative will come to the workshop to inspect the
cleanliness and the safety of the workshop. This includes the safety of the machinery, the
layout of the workshop, the building code and the electricity code of the workshop. This is
to ensure the workshop complies with the safety regulations of the government.

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5.4 SAFETY AWARENESS PROGRAM

The staff at Yoon Huat Metal Work Sdn. Bhd. Have no official safety awareness
program. This does not mean that the manager does not introduce and teach the workers
safe while working at the workshop. Even though the workers are experienced in their field,
the manager still enforces workplace safety to protect the workers in case of negligence.
The workers themselves are aware of the hazards and risks while working at the workshop.
They know the importance of proper safety practices.

5.5 MACHINE SAFETY PROCEDURE

There are several machines at the workshop that needs to follow some safety
procedure to ensure the safety of the workers operating the machine and the workers in the
vicinity.

5.5.1 Safety Practice When Using A Grinder

Figure 32: Type of steel cutter machine used.

1. Check the wheel guard. Ensure it is secure in place.

2. Check the maximum speed of the disc and the tool. Ensure that the grinder’s maximum
speed does not exceed the disc’s maximum speed.
3. Check the disc. Ensure the disc is in good condition.
4. Check the flange and disc. Ensure the disc is secure to the grinder.
5. Use PPE such as safety glasses.

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 Figure 33: Forklift used to lift a heavy load.

5.5.2 Safety Practice When Operating A Forklift

1. Both forks must be well under the load before lifting the load.
2. When lifting the load for transport, drive the load as low to the ground as possible
for balance and safety.
3. Pay attention to the speed of the forklift.
4. Always look in the travel direction. If the load is blocking the view, travel in reverse.

5.6 APPLICATION OF PPE

Since the nature of work in the workshop at this company deals with substantial,
heavy metals with machinery, the most basic PPE required at this workshop is a safety
boot. The safety boot has steel-toed boots that help protect the user's feet in the case of
falling objects hitting their foot. The steel helps shield the foot from impact. The safety
boot also has a solid rubber sole layered with a sheet of metal. The sheet of metal protects
the foot from being accidentally pierced in the case of the workers accidentally stepped on
a sharp object.

Figure 34: A worker wearing safety boots.

33
 On top of that, safety helmets are also worn when handling heavy metal such as
steel beams using the forklift. The forklift is used to move the beam in place to weld the
beam or even do some finishing. The safety helmet would help protect the worker in case
some small object accidentally fell from above.

Furthermore, safety glasses are generally used when handling equipment that
creates shrapnel. The safety glasses are used when using an angle grinder and a standard
grinder when cutting metal sheets. The safety glasses protect the eyes from small flying
shrapnel because of cutting the metal. It will also cover the worker’s eyes in the case of the
grinding disc of the grinder or the angle grinder suddenly breaks while the worker is using
it. The rotational forces would cause the shrapnel of the disc to fly at a high velocity. The
safety glasses can stop the shrapnel.

Lastly, the PPE used in this workshop is the welding mask and leather gloves. This
PPE is used for welding. Since Yoon Huat Metal Work deals with metal work every day,
the worker's weld metal every day. The welding mask helps shield the eyes and face of the
welder from harmful UV rays that result from welding metal. The bright light of the
welding process can damage the eyes and even blind the eyes if looked directly at. It can
also cause heavy migraines. The leather gloves protect the hands from hot molten metal
that could spark from the welding process. It can help stop the molten spark from touching
the skin of the welder.

Figure 35: A worker wearing safety Figure 36: A worker wearing

glasses while using the angle grinder. PPE for welding.

34
6.0 CONCLUSION

The outcome from the industrial visit at the Yoon Huat Metal Works Sdn Bhd allows
students to understand the type of hazards that are involved and how to overcome the potential
hazards. Metal Workshop covers under the scope of Occupational Safety and Health where a
lot type of hazard may happen. Student can analyse and apply their knowledge learned through
the class in the real industry working. Other than that, some of the objective for this Mini
Project had been achieved successfully. The student managed to work as a team and
communicated clearly in order to complete this report. Finally, the Occupational Safety and
health in the metal workshop visited had followed the rules and regulation clearly. Based on
the observation from the student, most of the safety rules was applied to their employees and
can give good exposure to the student.

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7.0 REFERENCES

[1] Board, L. R. (2020). Section 15(2)(b) General Duties of Employers and Self-employed
Persons to Their Employees. In I. L. Services, Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
(Act 514), Regulations and Orders (p. 17).

[2] Board, L. R. (2020). Section 15(2)(d) General Duties of Employers and Self-employed
Persons to Their Employees. In I. L. Services, Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
(Act 514), Regulations & Orders (p. 17).

[3] Board, L. R. (2020). Section 17(1) General Duties of Employers and Self-employed Persons
to Persons Other Than Their Employees. In I. L. Services, Occupational Safety and
Health Act 1994 (Act 514), Regulations and Orders (p. 18).

[4] "Guidlineson Occupation Safety and Health Management Ssytems" Retrieved from
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/legislation/guidelines/general/597-04-guidelines-on-
occupational-safety-and-health-management-systems-oshms/file

[5] "Risk at workk"- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)" Retrieved from

https://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/ppe.htm

36
 8.0 APPENDICES

Meeting/Project Name: Briefing and Planning

Date of Meeting: 22/4/2021 Time: 4:00 p.m
Minutes Prepared By: Qusyairi Location: Google Meet
1. Meeting Objective
Decide for OSHA site visit.
2. Attendees
All of the group members
3. Agenda and Notes, Decisions, Issues
Topic Discussion
Decide the place to do All group members give suggestion on where to do a site visit.
a site visit Some of the suggestions are: -
1. Metal workshop
2. Food processing factory
3. Restaurant
Briefing on the assessment Discussing how to conduct the site visit. List The possible hazards, risks,
criteria and guideline accidents that may happen at the site chosen were also discussed.
4. Action Item
Action PIC
1. Search available Metal workshop that implements OSH All

2. Starting to do a site visit and gather information. All

37