A Synopsis Report On

Reverse Car Parking System using Arduino

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER V

SUBMITTED BY
Sarika Jadwal
Shraddha Tamhane
Tanaya Thakur

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs. Rupali Sathe

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PILLAI HOC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
RASAYANI

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
AY 2020-21
 PILLAI HOC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
RASAYANI

Year: 2020-2021
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Certificate

This is to certify that the project entitled “Reverse Car Parking System
using Arduino” is successfully completed by following students:

Student Name Roll No.

Sarika Jadwal 27
Shraddha Tamhane 58
Tanaya Thakur 64

As per the syllabus & in partial fulfilment for the completion Bachelor’s
degree in Information Technology from University of Mumbai, it is also to
certify that this is the original work of the candidate done during the
academic year 2020-2021.

____________ ________________
Project Guide Head of Department

____________
Principal

______________ ______________
Internal Examiner External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A project is never complete without the guidance of experts who already

gone through this in past before and hence become master of it and as a
result, our guides. So, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all
those individuals who helped us in visualizing our project.
We express our deep gratitude to our project guide Prof. Rupali Sathe for
providing timely assistant to our query and guidance that she gave owing
to her experience in this field for past many year. She had indeed been a
lighthouse for us in this journey.
We would also like to thank our guide for providing us with her expert
opinion and valuable suggestions at every stage of project. We would also
take this opportunity to thank our project co-ordinate Prof. Rupali Sathe.
For her guidance in selecting this project and also for providing us all this
details on proper presentation of this project.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. J.E. Nalavade, head of
Information Technology for his motivation and valuable support. This
acknowledgement is incomplete without thanking teaching and non-
teaching staff of department of their kind support.
We extend our sincerity appreciation to all our Professor and Principal Dr.
J Mathew, Principal of Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology,
Rasayani, for providing the infrastructure and resources required for
project.

Thanking You,
_________________
 ABSTRACT

The aim of this project is to help people park a car in congested parking lots
and tiny space, so that it does not damage the car. This system is created
using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor which is the main unit (component)
that is responsible for measuring the distance. Arduino UNO acts as the
main controlling unit that will control the Ultrasonic Sensor, based on the
time interval, Arduino calculates the distance of the object and activate the
buzzer.
The sensor will sense the obstacles/barriers and as the car gets near to that
obstacle the driver will get a beep and hence, he/she will stop the vehicle
by applying brakes. The Reverse Parking Sensors that are equipped in the
car are basically Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors i.e. they use Ultrasonic
Sensors to measure the distance between the car and the object and warn
the driver if the car is too close.
The implementation of this project can be applied to any vehicle
particularly in public car parks, huge traffic, congested or populated streets
or roads. It can also be used in garage for safe parking. In the modern
society, there is an ever-increasing number of vehicles. This is leading to
problems such for parking lots becoming inefficient, increasing difficulty to
reverse the vehicle so that it won’t damage.
There are many cases of accidents occurred because of reverse parking
problem so here are a few factors why the accidents occurred because of
reverse parking problem: Drivers fail to detect if there any obstacle behind
the car or Driver unable to determine the distance between the car and an
obstacle behind it.
In conclusion, Reverse Car Parking System is a complete system which is
needed by each driver to make sure their driving is safe and to prevent
accident that caused by parking problem.
 INDEX

Sr. No. Contents

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Problem Solution

2. Literature Review

3. Design & Implementation

3.1 Circuit Diagram
3.2 Methodology/Working Principle

4. Requirement gathering & Analysis

4.1 Hardware Requirement
4.2 Software Requirement

5. Result
5.1 Screenshot
5.2 Code

6. Conclusion

7. Future Scope

8. References
1. Introduction

The reverse car parking system will be a well-being gadget that will
accurately spot all objects, as children’s, pets, and other autos, that are
behind a vehicle. The sensor will sense the obstacles/ barriers and parade
range to the driver. As the car gets nigh to the hitch the driver will get a
beep/LED indication and hence he/she will interlude the vehicle by
applying brakes. Indeed, this system is imitation to avoid accidents when it
may happen in reverse mode of parking.
The exercise and implementation of this project can be applied to any
vehicle in particular in public car parks, huge traffic, congested or
populated streets or roads. It can also be used in garage or veranda for safe
parking.

1.1 Purpose

 Execution of innovative technology in vehicles.

 To reduce the use of energy of maintenance, of a vehicle.
 To decline causalities and injuries caused to people.
 Dependable reverse parking.

1.2 Scope

The Arduino Car Reversing Parking System can be used:

 Help people to park car in reverse direction.
 This circuit can be used in auto mobiles to park the vehicles safely.
 Decrease difficulties to park in reverse direction.
 Help to avoid collision.
 Use it in robots (Obstacle avoiding robots).

1.3 Problem Statement

 In the modern society, there is an ever-increasing number of

vehicles. This is leading to problems such for parking lots becoming
inefficient, increasing difficulty to reverse the vehicle so that it won’t
damage.
 There are many cases of accidents occurred because of reverse
parking problem so here are a few factors why the accidents
occurred because reverse parking problem:
  Drivers fail to detect if there any obstacle behind the car.
 Driver unable to determine the distance between the car and an
obstacle behind it.
 In conclusion, Reverse Car Parking System is a complete system
which is needed by each driver to make sure their driving is safe and
to prevent accident that caused by parking problem.

1.4 Problem Solution

 Parking Car in congested areas or if you are a new driver is very

difficult, so to overcome it, we have prepared a Car Reverse Parking
System, where the sensor is responsible for measuring distance.
 The Ultrasonic Sensor is the main unit (component) that is
responsible for measuring the distance.
 Arduino UNO acts as the main controlling unit that will control the
Ultrasonic Sensor, calculate the distance and activate the buzzer.
 The principle of the project is that Ultrasonic Sensor sends acoustic
pulses and the Arduino measures the interval of each reflected
signal.
 Based on this time interval, Arduino then calculates the distance of
the object, if calculated distance is less than 100cm, the Arduino then
activates the Buzzer.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY

SR. NAME OF IEEE AUTHOR & DESCRIPTION

NO. PAPER PUBLICATION YEAR
1. Use of Modern Farman Ali The objectives of this
Technology in Muhammad Athar Suri project are execution of
Reverse Car Noman Muslim innovative technology in
Parking System Shareef Ullah Khan vehicles, to reduce the use
Muhammad Ayman of energy of maintenance,
of a vehicles and
Published in: March 2016 dependable reverse
parking. While parking in
reverse by the help of
ultrasonic sensor it can
detect an object, and the
collected frequency is
detected and amplified.
This amplified frequency is
given to controller for
additional outfits. The
beeping as well as LCD
display inside the car
apprises the driver of the
peril and avert a possible
mishap.

2. Research and Ter-Feng Wu In this study, an ultrasound

implementation of Pu-Sheng Tsai  sensor that was put on a
auto parking Nien-Tsu Hu  smart wheeled mobile
system based on Jen-Yang Chen robot (SWMR) was used to
ultrasonic sensors detect parking space
Published in: 2016 environment, simulate
International Conference drivers' parking strategy,
on Advanced Materials for and complete roadside
Science and Engineering parking and reverse
(ICAMSE) parking. In order to achieve
automatic parking, the
functions of the system
included searching for
suitable parking space,
detecting adjacent
obstacles, planning the
parking path. According to
the experimental results,
this study indeed can
effectively simulate the
actual parking situations,
shorten parking safety
 spacing, and complete
automatic parking.
3. The Design of Car Xiaomei Yan  Based on the principle of
Reversing Anti- Wenhua Gao ultrasonic ranging, this
Collision Warning paper introduces a kind of
System Published in: 2012 reverse collision warning
Fourth International system, the AT89C51 single
Conference on chip being the core of
Computational control. When it encounters
Intelligence and obstacle an echo signal is
Communication Networks generated. The controller
processes the echo signal to
determine the location of
obstructions, so that this
system alarms when it
reaches the set distance.
Experiments show that the
measured data is accurate
between 30~500 cm.
3. Design and Implementation

3.1 Circuit Diagram

3.2 Methodology/Working Principle

The Ultrasonic Sensor is the main unit (component) that is responsible for
measuring the distance. Arduino UNO acts as the main controlling unit that
will control the Ultrasonic Sensor, calculate the distance and activate the
buzzer. The principle of the project is that Ultrasonic Sensor sends acoustic
pulses and the Arduino measures the interval of each reflected signal.
Based on this time interval, Arduino then calculates the distance of the
object. Arduino then activates the Buzzer if the distance between the
sensor and object is less that a certain range.
The design of the Arduino Car Reverse Parking Sensor Circuit is very
simple. Starting with the Ultrasonic Sensor, it has 4 pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO
and GND. The VCC and GND are connected to +5V and GND of the power
supply while the TRIG and ECHO are connected to Digital I/O pins 11 and
10 of Arduino respectively. Even though the buzzer used here is a 5V
buzzer, I decided to use a driver circuit for the buzzer consisting of an NPN
Transistor. I have used BC548 along with a 1KΩ Resistor (for the base) to
drive the buzzer.

4. REQUIREMENT GATHERING AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Hardware Requirement

Arduino UNO
Software Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P (datasheet). Along with ATmega328P, it consists other
components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage
regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. It has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-
DC adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker with your UNO without
worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you
can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again and hardware
components.

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4-pin module, whose pin names are
Vcc, Trigger, Echo and Ground respectively. This sensor is a very popular
sensor used in many applications where measuring distance or sensing
objects are required. The module has two eyes like projects in the front
which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver. The sensor works
with the simple high school formula that: Distance = Speed × Time. The
Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, this wave travels in air
and when it gets objected by any material it gets reflected back toward the
sensor this reflected wave is observed by the Ultrasonic receiver module.

BC548 NPN Transistor

BC548 is a NPN transistor so the collector and emitter will be left open
(Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed
(Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. BC548 has a gain
value of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplification capacity of the
transistor. The maximum amount of current that could flow through the
Collector pin is 500mA, hence we cannot connect loads that consume more
than 500mA using this transistor. To bias a transistor, we have to supply
current to base pin, this current (I B) should be limited to 5mA. When this
transistor is fully biased, it can allow a maximum of 500mA to flow across
the collector and emitter.
5V Buzzer 
A 5V Active Alarm Buzzer Module for Arduino is an audio signalling device,
which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. It is 5V DC
Electronic Part Active Buzzer Module. An active buzzer rings out as long as
it is electrified. Compared with a passive buzzer, it is a bit expensive but
easier to control. Typical uses of buzzers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

1N4007 PN Junction Diode 

1N4007 is a PN junction rectifier diode. These types of diodes allow only
the flow of electrical current in one direction only. So, it can be used for
the conversion of AC power to DC. 1N 4007 is electrically compatible with
other rectifier diodes and can be used instead of any of the diode
belonging to 1N400X series.

1KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt) 

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits,
resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide
voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among
other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical
power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution
systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances
that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume
control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity,
force, or chemical activity.

Mini Breadboard
A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it.
These holes let you easily insert electronic components to prototype
(meaning to build and test an early version of) an electronic circuit, like
this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and an LED (light-emitting diode).
Connecting Wires 
Connecting wires provide a medium to an electrical current so that they
can travel from one point on a circuit to another. In the case of
computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards to carry pulses of
electricity.

5V Power Supply 
5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. ... Linear regulated 5VDC power
supplies regulate the output using a dissipative regulating circuit. They are
extremely stable, have very low ripple, and have no switching frequencies
to produce EMI.

4.2 Software Requirement

Arduino IDE.ARDUINO 1.8.5

The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the
programming language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to
Arduino board. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU
General Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages
C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies
a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common
input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic
functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are
compiled and linked with a program stub main() in to an executable cyclic
executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE
distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program argued to convert the
executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into
the Arduino board by a loader program in the board’s firmware.

5. RESULT
 5.1 Screenshot

5.2 Code

#define trigPin 12
#define echoPin 11
int Buzzer = 8;
int duration, distance;

void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(Buzzer, OUTPUT);

}
void loop() {
 digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(1000);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;

if (distance <= 100 && distance >= 70)

{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (500) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);
delay (5000) ;
}
else if (distance <= 80 && distance >= 50)
{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (450) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);
delay (450) ;
}
else if (distance <= 50 && distance >= 30)
{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
 Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (250) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);
delay (250) ;
}
else if (distance <= 30 && distance >= 20)
{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (150) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);
delay (150) ;
}
else if (distance <= 20 && distance >= 10)
{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (100) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);delay (100) ;
}

else if (distance <= 10 && distance > 5)

{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
 Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (50) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);
delay (50) ;
}

else if (distance <= 5 && distance >= 1)

{
Serial.println("object detected \n");
Serial.print("distance= ");
analogWrite(Buzzer,0);
delay (10) ;
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);
delay (10) ;
}

else
Serial.println("object detected \n");
Serial.print("distance= ");
Serial.print(distance);
analogWrite(Buzzer,255);

6. CONCLUSION
 • Reverse Car Parking System using Arduino was designed and
implemented.
• Our system can detect an object within a range of less than 100cm.
• In this we used ultrasonic sensors, which will sense any obstacle in its
desired range, with the help of Arduino controller.
• Arduino controller is used to control these ultrasonic sensors through
our preinstalled program and buzzers are used for indication of any
obstacles which lie under its range.

7. FUTURE SCOPE

The Arduino Car Reversing Parking System can be used:

• Help people to park car in reverse direction.
• This circuit can be used in auto mobiles to park the vehicles safely.
• Decrease difficulties to park in reverse direction.
• Help to avoid collision.
• Use it in Robots (Obstacle avoiding robots).

8. REFERENCES

[1]. https://www.electronicshub.org/arduino-car-reverse-parking-sensor/
[2]. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/mudit_5246/arduino-car-
reverse-parking-alert-system-bd518b?ref=tag&ref_id=esp8266&offset=16
[3]. https://theorycircuit.com/car-reverse-parking-sensor-circuit/
[4]. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/vinicius-lopes/parking-sensor-
with-arduino-53e598
[5]. https://www.instructables.com/Arduino-Car-Reverse-Parking-Alert-
System-Steps-by-/