Cloud Service ModelsThere are the following three types of cloud service models

-Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),Platform as a Service (PaaS),Software as a

Service (SaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)-IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service
(HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure managed over the internet. The main
advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and complexity of
purchasing and managing the physical servers.
Characteristics of IaaS-There are the following characteristics of IaaS -
o Resources are available as a service
o Services are highly scalable
o Dynamic and flexible
o GUI and API-based access
o Automated administrative tasks

Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure,

Google Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.

Platform as a servicePaaS-cloud computing platform is created for the

programmer to develop, test, run, and manage the applications.
Characteristics of PaaS-There are the following characteristics of PaaS -

o Accessible to various users via the same development application.

o Integrates with web services and databases.
o Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or
down as per the organization's need.
o Support multiple languages and frameworks.
o Provides an ability to "Auto-scale".

Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App

Engine, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift.

Software as a Service (SaaS)-SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a

software in which the applications are hosted by a cloud service provider. Users
can access these applications with the help of internet connection and web
browser.
Characteristics of SaaS-There are the following characteristics of SaaS -

o Managed from a central location

o Hosted on a remote server
o Accessible over the internet
o Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are
applied automatically.
o The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis

Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco

WebEx, ZenDesk, Slack, and GoToMeeting.

Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS-

IaaS Paas SaaS

It provides a It provides virtual It provides web

virtual data platforms and tools to software and apps to
center to create, test, and deploy complete business
store apps. tasks.
information
and create
platforms for
app
development,
testing, and
deployment.

It provides It provides runtime It provides software as

 access to environments and a service to the end-
resources deployment tools for users.
such as applications.
virtual
machines,
virtual
storage, etc.

It is used by It is used by It is used by end users.

network developers.
architects.

IaaS provides PaaS provides SaaS provides

only Infrastructure+Platform Infrastructure+Platfor
Infrastructure . m +Software.
.

Infrastructure as a Service | IaaS

Iaas is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is one of the layers of the
cloud computing platform. It allows customers to outsource their IT
infrastructures such as servers, networking, processing, storage, virtual machines,
and other resources. Customers access these resources on the Internet using a
pay-as-per use model.In traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure was rented
out for a specific period of time, with pre-determined hardware configuration.
The client paid for the configuration and time, regardless of the actual use. With
the help of the IaaS cloud computing platform layer, clients can dynamically scale
the configuration to meet changing requirements and are billed only for the
services actually used.IaaS cloud computing platform layer eliminates the need for
every organization to maintain the IT infrastructure.IaaS is offered in three
models: public, private, and hybrid cloud. The private cloud implies that the
infrastructure resides at the customer-premise. In the case of public cloud, it is
located at the cloud computing platform vendor's data center, and the hybrid
cloud is a combination of the two in which the customer selects the best of both
public cloud or private cloud.

IaaS provider provides the following services -

1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units

and virtual main memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users.
2. Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files.
3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components
such as routers, switches, and bridges for the Vms.
4. Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure
layer.

Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

1. Shared infrastructure IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical
infrastructure. 2. Web access to the resources Iaas allows IT users to access
resources over the internet. 3. Pay-as-per-use model IaaS providers provide
services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The users are required to pay for what
they have used. 4. Focus on the core business IaaS providers focus on the
organization's core business rather than on IT infrastructure.5. On-demand
scalability On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS. Using
IaaS, users do not worry about to upgrade software and troubleshoot the issues
related to hardware components.

Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

1. Security Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers
are not able to provide 100% security. 2. Maintenance & UpgradeAlthough IaaS
service providers maintain the software, but they do not upgrade the software for
some organizations. 3. Interoperability issues It is difficult to migrate VM from
one IaaS provider to the other, so the customers might face problem related to
vendor lock-in.
Top Iaas Providers who are providing IaaS cloud computing platform

IaaS Vendor Iaas Solution Details

Amazon Web Elastic, Elastic The cloud computing platform pioneer,

Services Compute Amazon offers auto scaling, cloud
Cloud (EC2) monitoring, and load balancing features
MapReduce, as part of its portfolio.
Route 53,
Virtual
Private Cloud,
etc.

Netmagic NetmagicIaaS Netmagic runs from data centers in

Solutions Cloud Mumbai, Chennai, and Bangalore, and a
virtual data center in the United States.
Plans are underway to extend services
to West Asia.

Rackspace Cloud The cloud computing platform vendor

servers, cloud focuses primarily on enterprise-level
files, cloud hosting services.
sites, etc.

Reliance Reliance RIDC supports both traditional hosting

Communications Internet Data and cloud services, with data centers in
Center Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and
Chennai. The cloud services offered by
 RIDC include IaaS and SaaS.

Sify SifyIaaS Sify's cloud computing platform is

Technologies powered by HP's converged
infrastructure. The vendor offers all
three types of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS,
and SaaS.

Tata InstaCompute InstaCompute is Tata Communications'

Communications IaaS offering. InstaCompute data
centers are located in Hyderabad and
Singapore, with operations in both
countries

Platform as a Service | PaaS

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows

programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications. You can
purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on a pay-as-per use
basis and access them using the Internet connection. In PaaS, back end scalability
is managed by the cloud service provider, so end- users do not need to worry
about managing the infrastructure.PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage,
and networking) and platform (middleware, development tools, database
management systems, business intelligence, and more) to support the web
application life cycle.Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.PaaS
providers provide the Programming languages, Application
frameworks,Databases, and Other tools:

1. Programming languagesPaaS providers provide various programming

languages for the developers to develop the applications. Some popular
programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and
Go.2. Application frameworksPaaS providers provide application frameworks to
easily understand the application development. Some popular application
frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress,
Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend.3. Databases PaaS providers provide various
databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis to communicate
with the applications.4. Other toolsPaaS providers provide various other tools
that are required to develop, test, and deploy the applications.

Advantages of PaaSThere are the following advantages of PaaS -

1) Simplified Development-PaaS allows developers to focus on development and

innovation without worrying about infrastructure management.2) Lower risk-No
need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need a
PC and an internet connection to start building applications.3) Prebuilt business
functionality-Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business
functionality so that users can avoid building everything from very scratch and
hence can directly start the projects only.4) Instant community-PaaS vendors
frequently provide online communities where the developer can get the ideas to
share experiences and seek advice from others.5) Scalability-Applications
deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any changes to the
applications.

Disadvantages of PaaS cloud computing layer

1) Vendor lock-in-One has to write the applications according to the platform

provided by the PaaS vendor, so the migration of an application to another PaaS
vendor would be a problem.2) Data Privacy-Corporate data, whether it can be
critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located within the walls of the
company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of data.3) Integration with the
rest of the systems applications-It may happen that some applications are local,
and some are in the cloud. So there will be chances of increased complexity when
we want to use data which in the cloud with the local data.

Popular PaaS ProvidersThe below table shows some popular PaaS providers and
services that are provided by them -
Providers Services
Google App App Identity, URL Fetch, Cloud storage client library,
Engine (GAE) Logservice

Salesforce.com Faster implementation, Rapid scalability, CRM

Services, Sales cloud, Mobile connectivity, Chatter.

Windows Azure Compute, security, IoT, Data Storage.

AppFog Justcloud.com, SkyDrive, GoogleDocs

Openshift RedHat, Microsoft Azure.

Cloud Foundry Data, Messaging, and other services.

from VMware
Software as a Service | SaaS- SaaS is also known as "On-Demand Software". It is
a software distribution model in which services are hosted by a cloud service
provider. These services are available to end-users over the internet so, the end-
users do not need to install any software on their devices to access these services.
There are the following services provided by SaaS providers –
Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up
the business. The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource
Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), billing, and sales.
Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application
offered by a third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic
documents.Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.
Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general
public, so social networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and
handle the general public's information.
Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail
services, many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS.

Advantages of SaaS cloud computing layer

1) SaaS is easy to buy SaaS pricing is based on a monthly fee or annual fee
subscription, so it allows organizations to access business functionality at a low
cost, which is less than licensed applications. 2. One to Many SaaS services are
offered as a one-to-many model means a single instance of the application is
shared by multiple users. 3. Less hardware required for SaaS The software is
hosted remotely, so organizations do not need to invest in additional hardware.
4. Low maintenance required for SaaS Software as a service removes the need
for installation, set-up, and daily maintenance for the organizations. The initial
set-up cost for SaaS is typically less than the enterprise software. 5. No special
software or hardware versions required All users will have the same version of
the software and typically access it through the web browser. SaaS reduces IT
support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to
the IaaS provider. 6. Multidevice support SaaS services can be accessed from any
device such as desktops, laptops, tablets, phones, and thin clients. 7. API
Integration SaaS services easily integrate with other software or services through
standard APIs. 8. No client-side installation SaaS services are accessed directly
from the service provider using the internet connection, so do not need to require
any software installation.
Disadvantages of SaaS cloud computing layer

1) SecurityActually, data is stored in the cloud, so security may be an issue for

some users. However, cloud computing is not more secure than in-house
deployment.2) Latency issue Since data and applications are stored in the cloud
at a variable distance from the end-user, there is a possibility that there may be
greater latency when interacting with the application compared to local
deployment. Therefore, the SaaS model is not suitable for applications whose
demand response time is in milliseconds.3) Total Dependency on Internet
Without an internet connection, most SaaS applications are not usable.4)
Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult Switching SaaS vendors involves the
difficult and slow task of transferring the very large data files over the internet
and then converting and importing them into another SaaS also.

Popular SaaS Providers The below table shows some popular SaaS providers and
services that are provided by them -
Provider Services

Salseforce.com On-demand CRM solutions

Microsoft Online office suite

Office 365

Google Apps Gmail, Google Calendar, Docs, and sites

NetSuite ERP, accounting, order management, CRM, Professionals

Services Automation (PSA), and e-commerce applications.

GoToMeeting Online meeting and video-conferencing software

Constant E-mail marketing, online survey, and event marketing

Contact
 Oracle CRM CRM applications

Workday, Inc Human capital management, payroll, and financial

management.

Storage as a service

Storage as a service (STaaS) is a managed service in which the provider supplies

the customer with access to a data storage platform. The service can be delivered
on premises from infrastructure that is dedicated to a single customer, or it can
be delivered from the public cloud as a shared service that's purchased by
subscription and is billed according to one or more usage metrics.STaaS
customers access individual storage services through standard system interface
protocols or application program interfaces (APIs). Typical offerings include bare-
metal storage capacity; raw storage volumes; network file systems; storage
objects; and storage applications that support file sharing and backup lifecycle
management. Storage as a service was originally seen as a cost-effective way for
small and mid-size businesses that lacked the technical personnel and capital
budget to implement and maintain their own storage infrastructure. Today,
companies of all sizes use storage as a service.

Uses of StaaS Storage as a service can be used for data transfers and redundant
storage, as well as to restore any corrupted or lost data. CIOs may want to use
STaaS for the ability to deploy resources at an instant or to replace some existing
storage space -- leaving room for on-premises storage hardware. CIOs may also
appreciate the ability to tailor storage capacity and performance per workload.
Advantages of StaaS
Key advantages to STaaS in the enterprise include the following:
Storage costs. Personnel, hardware and physical storage space expenses are
reduced.
Disaster recovery. Having multiple copies of data stored in different locations can
better enable disaster recovery measures.
Scalability. With most public cloud services, users only pay for the resources that
they use.
Syncing. Files can be automatically synced across multiple devices.
Security. Security can be both an advantage and a disadvantage, as security
methods may change per vendor. Data tends to be encrypted during transmission
and while at rest.
Disadvantages of StaaS
Security. Users may end up transferring business-sensitive or mission-critical data
to the cloud, which makes it important to choose a service provider that's reliable.
Potential storage costs. If bandwidth limitations are exceeded, these could be
expensive.
Potential downtimes. Vendors may go through periods of downtime where the
service is not available, which can be trouble for mission-critical data.
Limited customization. Since the cloud infrastructure is owned and managed by
the service provider, it is less customizable.
Potential for vendor lock-in. It may be difficult to migrate from one service to
another.
Popular storage-as-a-service vendors Examples of STaaS vendors include Dell
EMC, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE), NetApp and IBM. Dell EMC provides Isilon
NAS storage, EMC Unity hybrid-flash storage and other storage options. HPE has
an equally large, if not larger, presence in storage systems compared to Dell EMC.
What is Communication as a Service (CaaS)?
Communication as a service (CaaS) is a cloud-based solution provided by cloud
vendors. CaaS is a specialized variation of Software as a Service (SaaS) which is
among three basic services delivered by the cloud computing technology. When
we talk about communication, recall, in how many ways we can communicate
with others. Well, we can communicate via text message, voice call and video
call.CaaS providers manage the hardware and software that is required for
delivering Voice over IP (VoIP) to provide voice communication service, Instant
Messaging (IM) to provide text communication service and video conferencing to
provide video communication service. CaaS model provides economical services
as the service users do not have to bear the expenditure of buying and managing
the communication equipment. CaaS is favourable for small IT companies that on
the verge of expansion. Let us discuss the features of CaaS.
Features of CaaS
Integrated and Unified Communication-The advanced unified communication
features include Chat, Multimedia conferencing, Microsoft Outlook integration,
Real-time presence, “Soft” phones (software-based telephones), Video calls,
Unified messaging and mobility.
No Investment Required-As we have learnt above it is the sole responsibility of
CaaS vendor to manage hardware and software deployed to provide the
communication service to their customers. The customer only has to pay for the
service he is getting from the CaaS vendor, not for communication features
deployed to provide communication services.Flexibility & Scalability-The
customer can outsource the communication services form CaaS vendors. The
customers pay for what they have demanded. The customer can extend their
service requirement according to their need. This brings flexibility and scalability
in communication services and even make the service economical. No Risk of
Obsolescence
-The CaaS vendors keep on updating their hardware and software that provide
communication services to meet the changing demands of the market. So the
customer using the services does not have to be worried about the service
obsolescence.No Maintenance Cost IncurreThe customer outsourcing the CaaS
service does not have to bear the cost of maintaining the equipment deployed for
providing communication services. Ensure Business Continuity- The feature is
adopted and implemented by the CaaS providers in order to provide voice
continuity or communication continuity even if any catastrophic event strikes.

How Communication as a Service (CaaS) Works?

Business users opting for CaaS can selectively deploy communication features
(hardware and software) throughout there office on a pay-as-you-go basis. CaaS
vendor designs comprehensive, flexible and easy to understand service plans for
their users. The quality of communication service is assured by the CaaS vendors
under the service level agreement. CaaS is a fully hosted solutions that are
practised on the cloud-based technology which can be implemented over multiple
types of operating system such as windows, Linus, Android & iOS. Because of this,
the CaaS can be accessed through multiple types of connected devices such as
mobiles, handsets, tablets, TV sets, laptop, PC etc. CaaS has brought the
revolutionary change in method of communication from person to person, person
to machine and machine to machine. CaaS abstracts the networks capability to
handle peak load for their customer which make it flexible. The network
capabilities can be extended to raise the network capacity, devices and area
coverage based on the demands of the CaaS customers. However, the network
capabilities can be extended dynamically according to customers demand so that
the resources are not wasted.

Advantages of Communication as a Service (CaaS)

-CaaS provides an economical way to deliver communication service to its

customer by preventing them from investing in hardware and software required
for delivering communication services.-CaaS vendor provides 24/7 service to its
customers.-Customer receiving services from CaaS vendor do not have to indulge
and invest in managing the components of CaaS.-CaaS vendor offers flexible
service as they charge according to pay as you go basis.-CaaS provide scalable
services as they provide service based on customers demand.-CaaS provides the
hosted and managed solution which offers complete communication solutions
managed by a single vendor only.-From the customers perspective, there is no
risk of service becoming obsolete as the vendors are responsible for upgrading
the carrier platform.-CaaS is all about recognizing the use cases where this
technology can be implemented to utilize the full value potential of
telecommunication.

CLOUD BASED BIG DATA ANALYTICS

Cloud offers exceptional flexibility, allowing organizations to add big data analytics
to their capabilities. Investments in big data and analytics can be very essential to
drive efficient and cost-effective infrastructure.Cloud computing models can
accelerate the potential for scalable big data solutions. Cloud offers flexibility to
access data, deliver insights, and drive value. However, cloud-enabled big data
analytics is not a one-size-fits-all solution. This is where it is crucial to choose a
partner that provides multiple cloud options to suit your big data initiatives. At e-
Zest, we weigh various factors such as cost, security and the workload to choose
the right cloud platform for your analytics service. Among various cloud delivery
models, a Private Cloud can offer a more cost-effective model for analysis of big
data in-house, also while preparing internal resources with public cloud services.
The Hybrid Cloud model enables organizations to use on-demand storage and
computing for certain analytics initiatives via public services while providing
added capacity and scale as required.

Analytics as a service (AaaS) framework With our cloud-based AaaS, you can
address user needs across various analytics requirements. Right from data
delivery, management and usage, we help our clients develop a comprehensive
cloud-based big data strategy, define AaaS framework and optimize the value for
their enterprise data.

Our AaaS framework comprises of the following capabilities:

 Capturing structured and unstructured data from various trusted sources-

identifying and prioritizing most critical data and deciding on what to retain
and how long
 Data management and data control with governance and policy guidelines
– in compliance with specific industry requirements across the global
enterprise
 Performing data integration, analysis, transformation and visualization – to
deliver the right information to the right place, to the right people at the
right time

What is Real-Time Analytics?

Real time analytics is the analysis of data as soon as that data becomes available.
In other words, users get insights or can draw conclusions immediately (or very
rapidly after) the data enters their system. Real-time analytics allows businesses
to react without delay. They can seize opportunities or prevent problems before
they happen. By comparison, batch-style analytics may take hours or even days to
yield results. Consequently, batch analytical applications often yield only “after
the fact” insights (lagging indicators). BI Insights from real-time analytics can allow
businesses to get ahead of the curve.
Who Uses Real-Time Analytics? Examples of real-time analytics include:

 Real time credit scoring, helping financial institutions to decide immediately

whether to extend credit
  Customer relationship management (CRM), maximizing satisfaction and
business results during each interaction with the customer
 Fraud detection at points of sale
 Targeting individual customers in retail outlets with promotions and
incentives, while the customers are in the store and next to the
merchandise.

What is Real-Time Analytics’ Biggest Challenge?

To be immediately useful, real-time analytics applications should have high

availability and low response times. They should also be able to handle large
amounts of data, up to and including terabytes. Yet they should still return
answers to queries within just seconds.“Real-time” also means handling changing
data sources, which may spring up as market and business factors change. In
short, they should also handle big data. (Learn more about big data basics here).
Real-time big data analytics are already used in financial trading. They use data
from financial databases, social media, and satellite weather stations to instantly
inform buying and selling decisions.

Empowering End-Users-Businesses are becoming increasingly digital. Real-time

big data analytics must handle growing quantities and diversity of data. Different
technologies exist to help meet these demands. Some are based on specialized
appliances (hardware and software systems). Others use special
processor/memory chip combinations, or in-database analytics (the database has
analytics capabilities embedded in it). However, it is also possible to use ordinary
computer systems and any data source. The real-time analytics application must
simply be designed to leverage the full power of standard processors and
memory. This makes real-time analytics more affordable. When the application is
also user-friendly, it puts the power of real-time business intelligence directly into
the hands of business users. This is also where it should be, for the greatest
business benefit.
Service-Oriented Architecture
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural approach in which
applications make use of services available in the network. In this architecture,
services are provided to form applications, through a communication call over the
internet. SOA allows users to combine a large number of facilities from existing
services to form applications. SOA encompasses a set of design principles that
structure system development and provide means for integrating components into a
coherent and decentralized system. SOA based computing packages functionalities
into a set of interoperable services, which can be integrated into different software
systems belonging to separate business domains.

There are two major roles within Service-oriented Architecture:

Service provider: The service provider is the maintainer of the service and the
organization that makes available one or more services for others to use. To
advertise services, the provider can publish them in a registry, together with a
service contract that specifies the nature of the service, how to use it, the
requirements for the service, and the fees charged.
Service consumer: The service consumer can locate the service metadata in the
registry and develop the required client components to bind and use the service.

Services might
aggregate information and data retrieved from other services or create workflows
of services to satisfy the request of a given service consumer. This practice is
known as service orchestration Another important interaction pattern is service
choreography, which is the coordinated interaction of services without a single
point of control.

Guiding Principles of SOA:

1. Standardized service contract: Specified through one or more service

description documents.
2. Loose coupling: Services are designed as self-contained components,
maintain relationships that minimize dependencies on other services.
3. Abstraction: A service is completely defined by service contracts and
description documents. They hide their logic, which is encapsulated
within their implementation.
4. Reusability: Designed as components, services can be reused more
effectively, thus reducing development time and the associated costs.
 5. Autonomy: Services have control over the logic they encapsulate and,
from a service consumer point of view, there is no need to know about
their implementation.
6. Discoverability: Services are defined by description documents that
constitute supplemental metadata through which they can be effectively
discovered. Service discovery provides an effective means for utilizing
third-party resources.
7. Composability: Using services as building blocks, sophisticated and
complex operations can be implemented. Service orchestration and
choreography provide a solid support for composing services and
achieving business goals.

Components of SOA-

Advantages of SOA:

Service reusability: In SOA, applications are made from existing services.Thus,

services can be reused to make many applications.
Easy maintenance: As services are independent of each other they can be
updated and modified easily without affecting other services.
Platform independant: SOA allows making a complex application by combining
services picked from different sources, independent of the platform.
Availability: SOA facilities are easily available to anyone on request.
Reliability: SOA applications are more reliable because it is easy to debug small
services rather than huge codes
Scalability: Services can run on different servers within an environment, this
increases scalability

Disadvantages of SOA:

High overhead: A validation of input parameters of services is done whenever

services interact this decreases performance as it increases load and response
time.
High investment: A huge initial investment is required for SOA.
Complex service management: When services interact they exchange messages
to tasks. the number of messages may go in millions. It becomes a cumbersome
task to handle a large number of messages.

Practical applications of SOA: SOA is used in many ways around us whether it is

mentioned or not.

-SOA infrastructure is used by many armies and air force to deploy situational
awareness systems.-SOA is used to improve the healthcare delivery.--Nowadays
many apps are games and they use inbuilt functions to run. For example, an app
might need GPS so it uses inbuilt GPS functions of the device. This is SOA in
mobile solutions.-SOA helps maintain museums a virtualized storage pool for their
information and content.

SOA Attacks
There are different types of attacks to which SOA environment may become
unprotected, espcially if it was implemented using web service technology. Most
of the people all around the world uses both SOA and web services which are
rapidly developing areas, as a result they become more complex and open to
attacks. On SAO and web services, most of the attacks takes place on the
application service layer since web services communicate using XML and soap
messages.
Following is a list of attacks in SOA:
-Injection Attacks: This attack occurs when no validation on the user input is
performed and no separation is done between user input and application. For
example, SQL injection, XML injection etc.
-Schema Poisoning Attack: This attack when occurs, modifies, replaces or even
damages XML schemeas that provides the structure of XML documents.
-Denial Of Service Attacks (DoS): This attack when occurs, do not change the
service or its behaviour but can block the use of the service.
Research Contributions
The main contributions are as follows:
-Providing an integrity for SOA that provides enough conditions for securing data
integrity.
-Implementing testbed for SOA and setting environment of specification based
IDS.
-Proposing intrusion detection system for SOA networks that are capable of
detecting intrusions affecting behaviour of services.
-Recommending SOA testbed where SOAP messages can be monitored.
Why to use SOA?
 SOA is widely used in market which responds quickly and makes effective
changes according to market situations.
 The SOA keep secret the implementation details of the subsystems.
 It allows interaction of new channels with customers, partners and
suppliers.
 It authorizes the companies to select software or hardware of their choice
as it acts as platform independence.
Features
 SOA uses interfaces which solves the difficult integration problems in large
systems.
 SOA communicates customers, providers and suppliers with messages by
using the XML schema.
 It uses the message monitoring to improve the performance measurement
and detects the security attacks.
 As it reuses the service, there will be lower software development and
management costs.
Load balancing in Cloud Computing
Cloud load balancing is defined as the method of splitting workloads and
computing properties in a cloud computing. It enables enterprise to manage
workload demands or application demands by distributing resources among
numerous computers, networks or servers. Cloud load balancing includes holding
the circulation of workload traffic and demands that exist over the Internet. As
the traffic on the internet growing rapidly, which is about 100% annually of the
present traffic. Hence, the workload on the server growing so fast which leads to
the overloading of servers mainly for popular web server. There are two
elementary solutions to overcome the problem of overloading on the servers.
--First is a single-server solution in which the server is upgraded to a higher
performance server. However, the new server may also be overloaded soon,
demanding another upgrade. Moreover, the upgrading process is arduous and
expensive.

-Second is a multiple-server solution in which a scalable service system on a

cluster of servers is built. That’s why it is more cost effective as well as more
scalable to build a server cluster system for network services.

Load balancing is beneficial with almost any type of service, like HTTP, SMTP, DNS,
FTP, and POP/IMAP. It also rises reliability through redundancy. The balancing
service is provided by a dedicated hardware device or program. Cloud-based
servers farms can attain more precise scalability and availability using server load
balancing.

Load balancing solutions can be categorized into two types –

-Software-based load balancers: Software-based load balancers run on standard

hardware (desktop, PCs) and standard operating systems.

-Hardware-based load balancer: Hardware-based load balancers are dedicated

boxes which include Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted for a
particular use. ASICs allows high speed promoting of network traffic and are
frequently used for transport-level load balancing because hardware-based load
balancing is faster in comparison to software solution.
Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of

something, such as a server, a desktop, a storage device, an operating system or
network resources". In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which allows to
share a single physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple
customers and organizations. It does by assigning a logical name to a physical
storage and providing a pointer to that physical resource when demanded.

What is the concept behind the Virtualization? Creation of a virtual machine over
existing operating system and hardware is known as Hardware Virtualization. A
Virtual machine provides an environment that is logically separated from the
underlying hardware. The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create
is known as Host Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest
Machine
Types of Virtualization:
1. Hardware Virtualization.
2. Operating system Virtualization.
3. Server Virtualization.
4. Storage Virtualization.

1) Hardware Virtualization:-When the virtual machine software or virtual

machine manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware system is known as
hardware virtualization.The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring
the processor, memory and other hardware resources.After virtualization of
hardware system we can install different operating system on it and run different
applications on those OS.

Usage:-Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because

controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.
2) Operating System Virtualization:-When the virtual machine software or virtual
machine manager (VMM) is installed on the Host operating system instead of
directly on the hardware system is known as operating system virtualization.

Usage:-Operating System Virtualization is mainly used for testing the applications

on different platforms of OS.
3) Server Virtualization:-When the virtual machine software or virtual machine
manager (VMM) is directly installed on the Server system is known as server
virtualization.

Usage:-Server virtualization is done because a single physical server can be

divided into multiple servers on the demand basis and for balancing the load.

4) Storage Virtualization:-Storage virtualization is the process of grouping the

physical storage from multiple network storage devices so that it looks like a
single storage device. Storage virtualization is also implemented by using software
applications.

Usage:-Storage virtualization is mainly done for back-up and recovery purposes.

How does virtualization work in cloud computing?

Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud computing technology,

normally in the cloud computing, users share the data present in the clouds like
application etc, but actually with the help of virtualization users shares the
Infrastructure.-The main usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the
applications with the standard versions to their cloud users, suppose if the next
version of that application is released, then cloud provider has to provide the
latest version to their cloud users and practically it is possible because it is more
expensive.-To overcome this problem we use basically virtualization technology,
By using virtualization, all severs and the software application which are required
by other cloud providers are maintained by the third party people, and the cloud
providers has to pay the money on monthly or annual basis

BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION
1.More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.
2.Enhance development productivity.
3.It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
4.Remote access and rapid scalibility.
5.High availability and disaster recovery.
6.Pay per use of the IT infrastructure on demand.
7.Enables running multiple operating system
Server Virtualization

Server Virtualization is the process of dividing a physical server into several virtual
servers, called virtual private servers. Each virtual private server can run
independently. The concept of Server Virtualization widely used in
the IT infrastructure to minimizes the costs by increasing the utilization of existing
resources.

Types of Server Virtualization

1. Hypervisor- In the Server Virtualization, Hypervisor plays an important role. It is
a layer between the operating system (OS) and hardware. There are two types of
hypervisors.
o Type 1 hypervisor ( also known as bare metal or native hypervisors)
o Type 2 hypervisor ( also known as hosted or Embedded hypervisors)

The hypervisor is mainly used to perform various tasks such as allocate physical
hardware resources (CPU, RAM, etc.) to several smaller independent virtual
machines, called "guest" on the host machine.
2. Full Virtualization-Full Virtualization uses a hypervisor to directly communicate
with the CPU and physical server. It provides the best isolation and security
mechanism to the virtual machines. The biggest disadvantage of using hypervisor
in full virtualization is that a hypervisor has its own processing needs, so it can
slow down the application and server performance.-VMWare ESX server is the
best example of full virtualization.
3. Para Virtualization-Para Virtualization is quite similar to the Full Virtualization.
The advantage of using this virtualization is that it is easier to use, Enhanced
performance, and does not require emulation overhead. Xen primarily
and UML use the Para Virtualization.-The difference between full and pare
virtualization is that, in para virtualization hypervisor does not need too much
processing power to manage the OS.
4. Operating System Virtualization-Operating system virtualization is also called
as system-lever virtualization. It is a server virtualization technology that divides
one operating system into multiple isolated user-space called virtual
environments. The biggest advantage of using server visualization is that it
reduces the use of physical space, so it will save money. Linux OS
Virtualization and Windows OS Virtualization are the types of Operating System
virtualization. FreeVPS, OpenVZ, and Linux Vserver are some examples of
System-Level Virtualization.
5. Hardware Assisted Virtualization -Hardware Assisted Virtualization was
presented by AMD and Intel. It is also known as Hardware virtualization, AMD
virtualization, and Intel virtualization. It is designed to increase the performance
of the processor. The advantage of using Hardware Assisted Virtualization is that
it requires less hypervisor overhead.

6. Kernel-Level Virtualization-Kernel-level virtualization is one of the most

important types of server virtualization. It is an open-source virtualization which
uses the Linux kernel as a hypervisor. The advantage of using kernel virtualization
is that it does not require any special administrative software and has very less
overhead.-User Mode Linux (UML) and Kernel-based virtual machine are some
examples of kernel virtualization.
Advantages of Server Virtualization-There are the following advantages of Server
Virtualization -

1. Independent Restart-In Server Virtualization, each server can be restart

independently and does not affect the working of other virtual servers.2. Low
Cost-Server Virtualization can divide a single server into multiple virtual private
servers, so it reduces the cost of hardware components.-3. Disaster Recovery<-
Disaster Recovery is one of the best advantages of Server Virtualization. In Server
Virtualization, data can easily and quickly move from one server to another and
these data can be stored and retrieved from anywhere. 4. Faster deployment of
resources-Server virtualization allows us to deploy our resources in a simpler and
faster way.5. Security-It allows uses to store their sensitive data inside the data
centers.

Disadvantages of Server Virtualization There are the following disadvantages of

Server Virtualization -
1. The biggest disadvantage of server virtualization is that when the server
goes offline, all the websites that are hosted by the server will also go
down.
2. There is no way to measure the performance of virtualized environments.
3. It requires a huge amount of RAM consumption.
4. It is difficult to set up and maintain.
 5. Some core applications and databases are not supported virtualization.
6. It requires extra hardware resources.

Uses of Server Virtualization

A list of uses of server virtualization is given below -

o Server Virtualization is used in the testing and development environment.

o It improves the availability of servers.
o It allows organizations to make efficient use of resources.
o It reduces redundancy without purchasing additional hardware
components.

VMware Cloud

VMware cloud is a Software-Defined Data Center (SSDC) unified platform for the
Hybrid Cloud. It allows cloud providers to build agile, flexible, efficient, and robust
cloud services.
Features of VMware

o VMware cloud works on the pay-as-per-use model and monthly

subscription
o It provides better customer satisfaction by protecting the user's data.
o It can easily create a new VMware Software-Defined Data Center
(SDDC) cluster on AWS cloud by utilizing a RESTful API.
o It provides flexible storage options. We can manage our application storage
on a per-application basis.
o It provides a dedicated high-performance network for managing the
application traffic and also supports multicast networking.
o It eliminates the time and cost complexity.
Storage Virtualization Storage virtualization is a major component for storage
servers, in the form of functional RAID levels and controllers. Operating systems
and applications with device can access the disks directly by themselves for
writing. The controllers configure the local storage in RAID groups and present the
storage to the operating system depending upon the configuration. However, the
storage is abstracted and the controller is determining how to write the data or
retrieve the requested data for the operating system.

Storage virtualization is becoming more and more important in various other

forms:-File servers: The operating system writes the data to a remote location
with no need to understand how to write to the physical media. WAN
Accelerators: Instead of sending multiple copies of the same data over the WAN
environment, WAN accelerators will cache the data locally and present the re-
requested blocks at LAN speed, while not impacting the WAN performance.SAN
and NAS: Storage is presented over the Ethernet network of the operating
system. NAS presents the storage as file operations (like NFS). SAN technologies
present the storage as block level storage (like Fibre Channel). SAN technologies
receive the operating instructions only when if the storage was a locally attached
device.Storage Tiering: Utilizing the storage pool concept as a stepping stone,
storage tieringanalyze the most commonly used data and places it on the highest
performing storage pool. The lowest one used data is placed on the weakest
performing storage pool. This operation is done automatically without any
interruption of service to the data consumer.

Advantages of Storage Virtualization

1. Data is stored in the more convenient locations away from the specific
host. In the case of a host failure, the data is not compromised necessarily.
2. The storage devices can perform advanced functions like replication,
reduplication, and disaster recovery functionality.
3. By doing abstraction of the storage level, IT operations become more
flexible in how storage is provided, partitioned, and protected.

What is AWS?
o AWS stands for Amazon Web Services.
 o The AWS service is provided by the Amazon that uses distributed IT
infrastructure to provide different IT resources available on demand. It
provides different services such as infrastructure as a service (IaaS),
platform as a service (PaaS) and packaged software as a service (SaaS).
o Amazon launched AWS, a cloud computing platform to allow the different
organizations to take advantage of reliable IT infrastructure.

Uses of AWS
o A small manufacturing organization uses their expertise to expand their
business by leaving their IT management to the AWS.
o A large enterprise spread across the globe can utilize the AWS to deliver the
training to the distributed workforce.
o An architecture consulting company can use AWS to get the high-compute
rendering of construction prototype.
o A media company can use the AWS to provide different types of content
such as ebox or audio files to the worldwide files.

Pay-As-You-Go

Based on the concept of Pay-As-You-Go, AWS provides the services to the

customers. AWS provides services to customers when required without any prior
commitment or upfront investment. Pay-As-You-Go enables the customers to
procure services from AWS.

o Computing
o Programming models
o Database storage
o Networking
Advantages of AWS
1) Flexibility We can get more time for core business tasks due to the instant
availability of new features and services in AWS.It provides effortless hosting of
legacy applications.
2) Cost-effectiveness AWS requires no upfront investment, long-term
commitment, and minimum expense when compared to traditional IT
infrastructure that requires a huge investment.

3) Scalability/Elasticity Through AWS, autoscaling and elastic load balancing

techniques are automatically scaled up or down, when demand increases or
decreases respectively. AWS techniques are ideal for handling unpredictable or
very high loads. Due to this reason, organizations enjoy the benefits of reduced
cost and increased user satisfaction.
4) Security AWS provides end-to-end security and privacy to customers. AWS has
a virtual infrastructure that offers optimum availability while managing full
privacy and isolation of their operations.Customers can expect high-level of
physical security because of Amazon's several years of experience in designing,
developing and maintaining large-scale IT operation centers. AWS ensures the
three aspects of security, i.e., Confidentiality, integrity, and availability of user's
data.
AWS Global Infrastructure
o AWS is a cloud computing platform which is globally available.
o Global infrastructure is a region around the world in which AWS is based.
Global infrastructure is a bunch of high-level IT services which is shown
below:
o AWS is available in 19 regions, and 57 availability zones in December 2018
and 5 more regions 15 more availability zones for 2019.

The following are the components that make up the AWS infrastructure:

o Availability Zones
o Region
o Edge locations
 o Regional Edge Caches

Definition - What does Google App Engine (GAE) mean?

Google App Engine (GAE) is a service for developing and hosting Web applications
in Google's data centers, belonging to the platform as a service (PaaS) category of
cloud computing. Web applications hosted on GAE are sandboxed and run across
multiple servers for redundancy and allowing for scaling of resources according to
the traffic requirements of the moment. App Engine automatically allocates
additional resources to the servers to accommodate increased load.

Techopedia explains Google App Engine (GAE)

Google App Engine is Google's platform as a service offering that allows
developers and businesses to build and run applications using Google's advanced
infrastructure. These applications are required to be written in one of a few
supported languages, namely: Java, Python, PHP and Go. It also requires the use
of Google query language and that the database used is Google Big Table.
Applications must abide by these standards, so applications either must be
developed with GAE in mind or else modified to meet the requirements.
GAE is a platform, so it provides all of the required elements to run and host Web
applications, be it on mobile or Web. Without this all-in feature, developers
would have to source their own servers, database software and the APIs that
would make all of them work properly together, not to mention the entire
configuration that must be done. GAE takes this burden off the developers so
they can concentrate on the app front end and functionality, driving better user
experience.
Advantages of GAE include:

 Readily available servers with no configuration requirement

 Power scaling function all the way down to "free" when resource usage is
minimal
 Automated cloud computing tools

What is Salesforce?
Salesforce is a cloud computing service as a software (SaaS) company that
specializes in customer relationship management (CRM). Salesforce's services
allow businesses to use cloud technology to better connect with customers,
partners and potential customers. The software has become the number one for
customer success and helps businesses track customer activity, market to
customers and many more services. 
Salesforce impressed investors recently by crushing third quarter
estimates, reporting a third quarter revenue of $4.5 billion - up 33% year over
year. 
The software company has become very popular in recent years. TheStreet's
founder Jim Cramer even dubs the service as a 'Cloud King' and has been very
bullish on the stock - seemingly with good reason.

Salesforce takes all of that important data and organizes it into a simple user

interface. It’s one place for you to:

 Manage all your contacts

 Work with your prospective customers

 Organize tasks and to-do items

 Focus on the right deals

 Collaborate with your team

 Showcase your big wins

 Close more business
What is Salesforce Used For? 
Companies use Salesforce to understand their customers, connect with them on a
variety of levels and help grow their customer base. 
The cloud-based software allows companies to track (in real time) analytics,
customer success and support, customer complaints and a variety of other CRM
functions with the ease of cloud storage and access wherever the users are. 

AZURE Clouds:-

Our Azure Experts help you accelerate your digital transformation, making it

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Global Team, Validated Processes and Latest Azure Technology ensures the

highest quality is maintained for your applications 24/7, for 365 days. Our close

relationship with Microsoft allow easy access to innovation. We combine it with

your needs to give your business the best cloud experience.

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enhanced security monitored realtime from our SOC and NOC teams