REST API Interview Questions

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Contents

REST API Basic Interview Questions

1.   What do you understand by RESTful Web Services?
2.   What is a REST Resource?
3.   What is URI?
4.   What are the features of RESTful Web Services?
5.   What is the concept of statelessness in REST?
6.   What do you understand by JAX-RS?
7.   What are HTTP Status codes?
8.   What are the HTTP Methods?
9.   Can you tell the disadvantages of RESTful web services?
10.   Define Messaging in terms of RESTful web services.

REST API Experienced Interview Questions

11.   Differentiate between SOAP and REST?
12.   While creating URI for web services, what are the best practices that needs to be
followed?
13.   What are the best practices to develop RESTful web services?
14.   What are Idempotent methods? How is it relevant in RESTful web services
domain?
15.   What are the differences between REST and AJAX?
16.   Can you tell what constitutes the core components of HTTP Request?
17.   What constitutes the core components of HTTP Response?
18.   Define Addressing in terms of RESTful Web Services.

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 REST API Interview Questions

REST API Experienced Interview

Questions (.....Continued)

19.   What are the differences between PUT and POST in REST?

20.   What makes REST services to be easily scalable?
21.   Based on what factors, you can decide which type of web services you need to
use - SOAP or REST?
22.   We can develop webservices using web sockets as well as REST. What are the
differences between these two?
23.   Can we implement transport layer security (TLS) in REST?
24.   Should we make the resources thread safe explicitly if they are made to share
across multiple clients?
25.   What is Payload in terms of RESTful web services?
26.   Is it possible to send payload in the GET and DELETE methods?
27.   How can you test RESTful Web Services?
28.   What is the maximum payload size that can be sent in POST methods?
29.   How does HTTP Basic Authentication work?
30.   What is the difference between idempotent and safe HTTP methods?

JAX-RS Interview Questions

31.   What are the key features provided by JAX-RS API in Java EE?
32.   Define RESTful Root Resource Classes in the JAX-RS API?
33.   What do you understand by request method designator annotations?
34.   How can the JAX-RS applications be configured?
35.   Is it possible to make asynchronous requests in JAX-RS?
36.   List the key annotations that are present in the JAX-RS API?

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 REST API Interview Questions

Spring RESTful Web Services Interview Questions

37.   Define RestTemplate in Spring.
38.   What is the use of @RequestMapping?
39.   What are the differences between the annotations @Controller and
@RestController?
40.   What does the annotation @PathVariable do?
41.   Is it necessary to keep Spring MVC in the classpath for developing RESTful web
services?
42.   Define HttpMessageConverter in terms of Spring REST?

Conclusion
43.   Conclusion

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Let's get Started
Prior to the year 2000, Application Program Interface, which is now commonly called
APIs, were designed to be secure which were also very complex to develop, harder to
develop, and even harder to maintain. They were not meant to be accessible. In 2000,
a group of researchers headed by Roy Fielding came up with the idea of REST
(REpresentational State Transfer) which brought out the true power and potential of
APIs. The purpose of REST was to create standards for communication between two
servers that are located anywhere in the world. They came up with various principles,
constraints, and properties that constituted a resource-oriented architecture, client-
server-based architecture, and interface uniformity that required no state
preservation. These were easily cacheable, simple to develop, and could be
implemented by means of Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP). The rules seemed
many, but the purpose was universal. The onset of REST became a true game-
changer for the API landscape as the APIs developed under REST used less
bandwidth, were simple to develop and the communication was supported via the
internet thereby not requiring the servers to be connected physically.
RESTful APIs have also given birth to various trends like cloud computing and
microservices-based architecture. They have made communication and computing
over the internet seem easy. Hence, it is important for any developer to know what
REST is, how it works, what are its features and how can you develop services in a
secure manner to go with the trend. Many companies prefer developers with REST
knowledge as they can help them develop products that are scalable, easy to
maintain and make their products reach out to the world due to the power of the
internet.
In the below section, we will see what are the most commonly asked questions on
RESTful web services during an interview and some questions on the JAX-RS library,
and some on RESTful web services implemented using the Spring MVC framework.

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 REST API Interview Questions

REST API Basic Interview Questions

1.   What do you understand by RESTful Web Services?
RESTful web services are services that follow REST architecture. REST stands for
Representational State Transfer and uses HTTP protocol (web protocol) for
implementation. These services are lightweight, provide maintainability, scalability,
support communication among multiple applications that are developed using
different programming languages. They provide means of accessing resources
present at server required for the client via the web browser by means of request
headers, request body, response body, status codes, etc.

2.   What is a REST Resource?

Every content in the REST architecture is considered a resource. The resource is
analogous to the object in the object-oriented programming world. They can either
be represented as text files, HTML pages, images, or any other dynamic data.
The REST Server provides access to these resources whereas the REST client
consumes (accesses and modifies) these resources. Every resource is identified
globally by means of a URI.

3.   What is URI?
Uniform Resource Identifier is the full form of URI which is used for identifying each
resource of the REST architecture. URI is of the format:

<protocol>://<service-name>/<ResourceType>/<ResourceID>

There are 2 types of URI:

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 REST API Interview Questions

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 REST API Interview Questions

URN: Uniform Resource Name identifies the resource by means of a name that is
both unique and persistent.
URN doesn’t always specify where to locate the resource on the internet.
They are used as templates that are used by other parsers to identify the
resource.
These follow the urn scheme and usually prefixed with urn: .
Examples include
urn:isbn:1234567890 is used for identification of book based on the
ISBN number in a library application.
urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001 is the default namespace rules for
metadata of MPEG-7 video.
Whenever a URN identifies a document, they are easily translated into a
URL by using “resolver” a er which the document can be downloaded.
URL: Uniform Resource Locator has the information regarding fetching of a
resource from its location.
Examples include:
http://abc.com/samplePage.html
ftp://sampleServer.com/sampleFile.zip
file:///home/interviewbit/sampleFile.txt

URLs start with a protocol (like p, http etc) and they have the information
of the network hostname (sampleServer.com) and the path to the
document(/samplePage.html). It can also have query parameters.

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 REST API Interview Questions

4.   What are the features of RESTful Web Services?

Every RESTful web service has the following features:
The service is based on the Client-Server model.
The service uses HTTP Protocol for fetching data/resources, query execution, or
any other functions.
The medium of communication between the client and server is called
“Messaging”.
Resources are accessible to the service by means of URIs.
It follows the statelessness concept where the client request and response are
not dependent on others and thereby provides total assurance of getting the
required data.
These services also use the concept of caching to minimize the server calls for
the same type of repeated requests.
These services can also use SOAP services as implementation protocol to REST
architectural pattern.

5.   What is the concept of statelessness in REST?

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 REST API Interview Questions

The REST architecture is designed in such a way that the client state is not
maintained on the server. This is known as statelessness. The context is provided by
the client to the server using which the server processes the client’s request. The
session on the server is identified by the session identifier sent by the client.

6.   What do you understand by JAX-RS?

As the name itself stands (JAX-RS= Java API for RESTful Web Services) is a Java-based
specification defined by JEE for the implementation of RESTful services. The JAX-RS
library makes usage of annotations from Java 5 onwards to simplify the process of
web services development. The latest version is 3.0 which was released in June 2020.
This specification also provides necessary support to create REST clients.

7.   What are HTTP Status codes?

These are the standard codes that refer to the predefined status of the task at the
server. Following are the status codes formats available:

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 REST API Interview Questions

1xx - represents informational responses

2xx - represents successful responses
3xx - represents redirects
4xx - represents client errors
5xx - represents server errors
Most commonly used status codes are:
200 - success/OK
201 - CREATED - used in POST or PUT methods.
304 - NOT MODIFIED - used in conditional GET requests to reduce the bandwidth
use of the network. Here, the body of the response sent should be empty.
400 - BAD REQUEST - This can be due to validation errors or missing input data.
401 - FORBIDDEN - sent when the user does not have access (or is forbidden) to
the resource.
404 - NOT FOUND - Resource method is not available.
500 - INTERNAL SERVER ERROR - server threw some exceptions while running
the method.
502 - BAD GATEWAY - Server was not able to get the response from another
upstream server.

8.   What are the HTTP Methods?

HTTP Methods are also known as HTTP Verbs. They form a major portion of uniform
interface restriction followed by the REST that specifies what action has to be
followed to get the requested resource. Below are some examples of HTTP Methods:
GET: This is used for fetching details from the server and is basically a read-only
operation.
POST: This method is used for the creation of new resources on the server.
PUT: This method is used to update the old/existing resource on the server or to
replace the resource.
DELETE: This method is used to delete the resource on the server.
PATCH: This is used for modifying the resource on the server.
OPTIONS: This fetches the list of supported options of resources present on the
server.

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 REST API Interview Questions

The POST, GET, PUT, DELETE corresponds to the create, read, update, delete
operations which are most commonly called CRUD Operations.

GET, HEAD, OPTIONS are safe and idempotent methods whereas PUT and DELETE
methods are only idempotent. POST and PATCH methods are neither safe nor
idempotent.

9.   Can you tell the disadvantages of RESTful web services?

The disadvantages are:
As the services follow the idea of statelessness, it is not possible to maintain
sessions. (Session simulation responsibility lies on the client-side to pass the
session id)
REST does not impose security restrictions inherently. It inherits the security
measures of the protocols implementing it. Hence, care must be chosen to
implement security measures like integrating SSL/TLS based authentications,
etc.

10.   Define Messaging in terms of RESTful web services.

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 REST API Interview Questions

The technique of sending a message from the REST client to the REST server in the
form of an HTTP request and the server responding back with the response as HTTP
Response is called Messaging. The messages contained constitute the data and the
metadata about the message.

REST API Experienced Interview Questions

11.   Differentiate between SOAP and REST?

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 REST API Interview Questions

SOAP  REST

SOAP - Simple Object REST - Representational State

Access Protocol  Transfer

SOAP is a protocol
REST is an architectural design
used to implement
pattern for developing web services
web services.

SOAP cannot use REST architecture can have SOAP

REST as it is a protocol as part of the
protocol. implementation.

SOAP specifies
standards that are REST defines standards but they
meant to be followed need not be strictly followed.
strictly.

SOAP client is more

The REST client is more flexible like
tightly coupled to the
a browser and does not depend on
server which is similar
how the server is developed unless
to desktop
it follows the protocols required for
applications having
establishing communication.
strict contracts.

SOAP supports only

REST supports data of multiple
XML transmission
formats like XML, JSON, MIME, Text,
between the client
etc.
and the server.

SOAP reads are not

REST read requests can be cached.
cacheable.

SOAP uses service

interfaces for REST uses URI to expose the
exposing the resource resource logic.
logic
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 REST API Interview Questions

12.   While creating URI for web services, what are the best
practices that needs to be followed?
Below is the list of best practices that need to be considered with designing URI for
web services:
While defining resources, use plural nouns. Example: To identify user resource,
use the name “users” for that resource.
While using the long name for resources, use underscore or hyphen. Avoid using
spaces between words. For example, to define authorized users resource, the
name can be “authorized_users” or “authorized-users”.
The URI is case-insensitive, but as part of best practice, it is recommended to use
lower case only.
While developing URI, the backward compatibility must be maintained once it
gets published. When the URI is updated, the older URI must be redirected to the
new one using the HTTP status code 300.
Use appropriate HTTP methods like GET, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, etc. It is not
needed or recommended to use these method names in the URI. Example: To
get user details of a particular ID, use /users/{id} instead of /getUser
Use the technique of forward slashing to indicate the hierarchy between the
resources and the collections. Example: To get the address of the user of a
particular id, we can use: /users/{id}/address

13.   What are the best practices to develop RESTful web

services?
RESTful web services use REST API as means of implementation using the HTTP
protocol. REST API is nothing but an application programming interface that follows
REST architectural constraints such as statelessness, cacheability, maintainability,
and scalability. It has become very popular among the developer community due to
its simplicity. Hence, it is very important to develop safe and secure REST APIs that
follow good conventions. Below are some best practices for developing REST APIs:

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 REST API Interview Questions

Since REST supports multiple data formats, it is however good practice to

develop REST APIs that accept and responds with JSON data format whenever
possible. This is because a majority of the client and server technologies have
inbuilt support to read and parse JSON objects with ease, thereby making JSON
the standard object notation.
To ensure that the application responds using JSON data format, the
response header should have Content-Type set to as application/JSON ,
this is because certain HTTP clients look at the value of this response
header to parse the objects appropriately.
To ensure that the request sends the data in JSON format, again the
Content-Type must be set to application/JSON on the request header.
While naming the resource endpoints, ensure to use plural nouns and not verbs.
The API endpoints should be clear, brief, easy to understand, and informative.
Using verbs in the resource name doesn’t contribute much information because
an HTTP request already has what the request is doing in its HTTP method/verb.
An appropriate HTTP verb should be used to represent the task of the API
endpoint.
Below are the most commonly used HTTP methods to define the verb:
GET - indicates get/retrieve the resource data
POST - indicates create new resource data
PUT - indicates update the existing resource data
DELETE - indicates remove the resource data
To represent the hierarchy of resources, use the nesting in the naming
convention of the endpoints. In case, you want to retrieve data of one object
residing in another object, the endpoint should reflect this to communicate
what is happening. For example, to get the address of an author, we can use the
GET method for the URI /authors/:id/address'
Please ensure there are no more than 2 or 3 levels of nesting as the name of
the URI can become too long and unwieldy.
Error Handling should be done gracefully by returning appropriate error codes
the application has encountered. REST has defined standard HTTP Status codes
that can be sent along with the response based on the scenario.
Error codes should also be accompanied by appropriate error messages
that can help the developers to take corrective actions. However, the
message should not be too elaborate as well which can help the hacker to
hack your application.

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14.   What are Idempotent methods? How is it relevant in RESTful

web services domain?
The meaning of idempotent is that even a er calling a single request multiple times,
the outcome of the request should be the same. While designing REST APIs, we need
to keep in mind to develop idempotent APIs. This is because the consumers can write
client-side code which can result in duplicate requests intentionally or not. Hence,
fault-tolerant APIs need to be designed so that they do not result in erroneous
responses.

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 REST API Interview Questions

Idempotent methods ensure that the responses to a request if called once or ten
times or more than that remain the same. This is equivalent to adding any
number with 0.
REST provides idempotent methods automatically. GET, PUT, DELETE, HEAD,
OPTIONS, and TRACE are the idempotent HTTP methods. POST is not
idempotent.
POST is not idempotent because POST APIs are usually used for creating a
new resource on the server. While calling POST methods N times, there will
be N new resources. This does not result in the same outcome at a time.
Methods like GET, OPTIONS, TRACE, and HEAD are idempotent because
they do not change the state of resources on the server. They are meant for
resource retrieval whenever called. They do not result in write operations
on the server thereby making it idempotent.
PUT methods are generally used for updating the state of resources. If you
call PUT methods N times, the first request updates the resource and the
subsequent requests will be overwriting the same resource again and again
without changing anything. Hence, PUT methods are idempotent.
DELETE methods are said to be idempotent because when calling them for
N times, the first request results in successful deletion (Status Code 200),
and the next subsequent requests result in nothing - Status Code 204. The
response is different, but there is no change of resources on the server-side.
However, if you are attempting to delete the resource present, at last,
every time you hit the API, such as the request DELETE /user/last
which deletes the last user record, then calling the request N times
would delete N resources on the server. This does not make DELETE
idempotent. In such cases, as part of good practices, it is advisable to
use POST requests.

15.   What are the differences between REST and AJAX?

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 REST API Interview Questions

REST AJAX

REST-
AJAX - Asynchronous javascript and
Representational
XML
State Transfer 

REST has a URI for

AJAX uses XMLHttpRequest object to
accessing resources
send requests to the server and the
by means of a
response is interpreted by the
request-response
Javascript code dynamically.
pattern.

REST is an
architectural pattern
AJAX is used for dynamic updation of
for developing client-
UI without the need to reload the
server
page.
communication
systems.

AJAX supports asynchronous

REST requires the
requests thereby eliminating the
interaction between
necessity of constant client-server
client and server.
interaction.

16.   Can you tell what constitutes the core components of HTTP

Request?
In REST, any HTTP Request has 5 main components, they are:

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 REST API Interview Questions

Method/Verb − This part tells what methods the request operation represents.
Methods like GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, etc are some examples.
URI − This part is used for uniquely identifying the resources on the server.
HTTP Version − This part indicates what version of HTTP protocol you are using.
An example can be HTTP v1.1.
Request Header − This part has the details of the request metadata such as
client type, the content format supported, message format, cache settings, etc.
Request Body − This part represents the actual message content to be sent to
the server.

17.   What constitutes the core components of HTTP Response?

HTTP Response has 4 components:

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 REST API Interview Questions

Response Status Code − This represents the server response status code for the
requested resource. Example- 400 represents a client-side error, 200 represents a
successful response.
HTTP Version − Indicates the HTTP protocol version.
Response Header − This part has the metadata of the response message. Data
can describe what is the content length, content type, response date, what is
server type, etc.
Response Body − This part contains what is the actual resource/message
returned from the server.

18.   Define Addressing in terms of RESTful Web Services.

Addressing is the process of locating a single/multiple resources that are present on
the server. This task is accomplished by making use of URI (Uniform Resource
Identifier). The general format of URI is 

<protocol>://<application-name>/<type-of-resource>/<id-of-resource>

19.   What are the differences between PUT and POST in REST?

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 REST API Interview Questions

PUT POST

POST method is
PUT methods are used to request the
used to request
server to store the enclosed entity in
the server to
request. In case, the request does not
store the
exist, then new resource has to be
enclosed entity
created. If the resource exists, then the
in the request as
resource should get updated.
a new resource.

The POST URI

should indicate
The URI should have a resource identifier. the collection of
Example: PUT /users/{user-id} the resource.
Example: POST
/users

POST methods
PUT methods are idempotent. are not
idempotent.

PUT is used when the client wants to POST methods

modify a single resource that is part of are used to add
the collection. If a part of the resource a new resource
has to be updated, then PATCH needs to to the
be used. collection.

Responses are
not cacheable
unless the
The responses are not cached here response
despite the idempotency. explicitly
specifies Cache-
Control fields in
the header.

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 REST API Interview Questions

20.   What makes REST services to be easily scalable?

REST services follow the concept of statelessness which essentially means no storing
of any data across the requests on the server. This makes it easier to scale
horizontally because the servers need not communicate much with each other while
serving requests.

21.   Based on what factors, you can decide which type of web

services you need to use - SOAP or REST?
REST services have gained popularity due to the nature of simplicity, scalability,
faster speed, improved performance, and multiple data format support. But, SOAP
has its own advantages too. Developers use SOAP where the services require
advanced security and reliability.
Following are the questions you need to ask to help you decide which service can be
used:

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 REST API Interview Questions

Do you want to expose resource data or business logic?

SOAP is commonly used for exposing business logic and REST for exposing
data.
Does the client require a formal strict contract?
If yes, SOAP provides strict contracts by using WSDL. Hence, SOAP is
preferred here.
Does your service require support for multiple formats of data?
If yes, REST supports multiple data formats which is why it is preferred in
this case.
Does your service require AJAX call support?
If yes, REST can be used as it provides the XMLHttpRequest.
Does your service require both synchronous and asynchronous requests?
SOAP has support for both sync/async operations.
REST only supports synchronous calls.
Does your service require statelessness?
If yes, REST is suitable. If no, SOAP is preferred.
Does your service require a high-security level?
If yes, SOAP is preferred. REST inherits the security property based on the
underlying implementation of the protocol. Hence, it can’t be preferred at
all times.
Does your service require support for transactions?
If yes, SOAP is preferred as it is good in providing advanced support for
transaction management.
What is the bandwidth/resource required?
SOAP involves a lot of overhead while sending and receiving XML data,
hence it consumes a lot of bandwidth.
REST makes use of less bandwidth for data transmission.
Do you want services that are easy to develop, test, and maintain frequently?
REST is known for simplicity, hence it is preferred.

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 REST API Interview Questions

22.   We can develop webservices using web sockets as well as

REST. What are the differences between these two?

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 REST API Interview Questions

REST Web Socket

REST follows stateless Web Socket APIs follow the

architecture, meaning it stateful protocol as it
won’t store any session-based necessitates session-based
data. data storage.

The mode of communication The communication is bi-

is uni-directional. At a time, directional, communication
only the server or the client can be done by both client
will communicate. or server at a time.

REST is based on the Request- Web Socket follows the full-

Response Model. duplex model.

Web sockets do not have

Every request will have
any overhead and hence
sections like header, title,
suited for real-time
body, URL, etc.
communication.

There will be only one TCP

For every HTTP request, a connection and then the
new TCP connection is set up. client and server can start
communicating.

REST web services support

Web socket-based services
both vertical and horizontal
only support vertical scaling.
scaling.

Web Sockets depend on the

REST depends on HTTP IP address and port number
methods to get the response. of the system to get a
response.

Message transmission
Communication is slower
happens very faster than
here.
REST API
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 REST API Interview Questions

The request flow difference between the REST and Web Socket is shown below:

23.   Can we implement transport layer security (TLS) in REST?

Yes, we can. TLS does the task of encrypting the communication between the REST
client and the server and provides the means to authenticate the server to the client.
It is used for secure communication as it is the successor of the Secure Socket Layer
(SSL). HTTPS works well with both TLS and SSL thereby making it effective while
implementing RESTful web services. One point to mention here is, the REST inherits
the property of the protocol it implements. So security measures are dependent on
the protocol REST implements.

24.   Should we make the resources thread safe explicitly if they

are made to share across multiple clients?
There is no need to explicitly making the resources thread-safe because, upon every
request, new resource instances are created which makes them thread-safe by
default.

25.   What is Payload in terms of RESTful web services?

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 REST API Interview Questions

Payload refers to the data passes in the request body. It is not the same as the request
parameters. The payload can be sent only in POST methods as part of the request
body.

26.   Is it possible to send payload in the GET and DELETE

methods?
No, the payload is not the same as the request parameters. Hence, it is not possible
to send payload data in these methods.

27.   How can you test RESTful Web Services?

RESTful web services can be tested using various tools like Postman, Swagger, etc.
Postman provides a lot of features like sending requests to endpoints and show the
response which can be converted to JSON or XML and also provides features to
inspect request parameters like headers, query parameters, and also the response
headers. Swagger also provides similar features like Postman and it provides the
facility of documentation of the endpoints too. We can also use tools like Jmeter for
performance and load testing of APIs.

28.   What is the maximum payload size that can be sent in POST

methods?
Theoretically, there is no restriction on the size of the payload that can be sent. But
one must remember that the greater the size of the payload, the larger would be the
bandwidth consumption and time taken to process the request that can impact the
server performance.

29.   How does HTTP Basic Authentication work?

While implementing Basic Authentication as part of APIs, the user must provide the
username and password which is then concatenated by the browser in the form of
“username: password” and then perform base64 encoding on it. The encoded value
is then sent as the value for the “Authorization” header on every HTTP request from
the browser. Since the credentials are only encoded, it is advised to use this form
when requests are sent over HTTPS as they are not secure and can be intercepted by
anyone if secure protocols are not used.

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30.   What is the difference between idempotent and safe HTTP

methods?
Safe methods are those that do not change any resources internally. These
methods can be cached and can be retrieved without any effects on the
resource.
Idempotent methods are those methods that do not change the responses to
the resources externally. They can be called multiple times without any change
in the responses.
According to restcookbook.com, the following is the table that describes what
methods are idempotent and what is safe.

HTTP Methods Idempotent  Safe

OPTIONS yes yes

GET yes yes

HEAD yes yes

PUT yes no

POST no no

DELETE yes no

PATCH no no

JAX-RS Interview Questions

31.   What are the key features provided by JAX-RS API in Java
EE?

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JAX-RS stands for Java API for RESTful Web services. They are nothing but a set of
Java-based APIs that are provided in the Java EE which is useful in the
implementation and development of RESTful web services.
Features of JAX-RS are:
POJO-based: The APIs in the JAX-RS is based on a certain set of annotations,
classes, and interfaces that are used with POJO (Plain Old Java Object) to expose
the services as web services.
HTTP-based: The JAX-RS APIs are designed using HTTP as their base protocol.
They support the HTTP usage patterns and they provide the corresponding
mapping between the HTTP actions and the API classes.
Format Independent: They can be used to work with a wide range of data types
that are supported by the HTTP body content.
Container Independent: The APIs can be deployed in the Java EE container or a
servlet container such as Tomcat or they can also be plugged into JAX-WS (Java
API for XML-based web services) providers.

32.   Define RESTful Root Resource Classes in the JAX-RS API?

A resource class is nothing but a Java class that uses JAX-RS provided
annotations for implementing web resources.
They are the POJOs that are annotated either with @Path or have at least one
method annotated with @Path, @GET, @POST, @DELETE, @PUT, etc.
Example:

import javax.ws.rs.Path;
/**
* InterviewBitService is a root resource class that is exposed at 'resource_service' pa
*/
@Path('resource_service')
public class InterviewBitService {
// Defined methods
}

33.   What do you understand by request method designator

annotations?

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They are the runtime annotations in the JAX-RS library that are applied to Java
methods. They correspond to the HTTP request methods that the clients want to
make. They are @GET, @POST, @PUT, @DELETE, @HEAD.
Usage Example:

import javax.ws.rs.Path;
/**
* InterviewBitService is a root resource class that is exposed at 'resource_service' pa
*/
@Path('resource_service')
public class InterviewBitService {
@GET
public String getRESTQuestions() {
// some operations
}
}

34.   How can the JAX-RS applications be configured?

JAX-RS applications have the root resource classes packaged in a war file. There are 2
means of configuring JAX-RS applications.
1. Use @ApplicationPath annotation in a subclass of
javax.ws.rs.core.Application that is packaged in the WAR file.
2. Use the <servlet-mapping> tag inside the web.xml of the WAR. web.xml is the
deployment descriptor of the application where the mappings to the servlets
can be defined.

35.   Is it possible to make asynchronous requests in JAX-RS?

Yes. the JAX-RS Client API provides a method called Invocation.Builder.async() that
is used for constructing client requests that need to be executed asynchronously.
Invoking a request asynchronously does the task of returning the control to the caller
by returning with datatype java.util.concurrent.Future whose type is set to return
the service call type. Future objects are used because they have the required
methods to check whether the asynchronous calls have been completed and if yes,
then retrieve the responses. They also provide the flexibility to cancel the request
invocations and also check if the cancellation has been successful.

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 REST API Interview Questions

Let us understand this with the help of a random example. We know that the
Future interface from the java.util.concurrent has the below functions
available:

package java.util.concurrent;
public interface Future<V> {
// informs the executor to stop the thread execution
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);

// indicates whether the Future was cancelled or not

boolean isCancelled();

// indicates if the executor has completed the task

boolean isDone();

// gets the actual result from the process.

// This blocks the program execution until the result is ready.
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

// also gets actual result from the process but it throws

// the TimeoutException in case the result is not obtained before specified timeout
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}

Let us consider we have this function below which is used for processing 2 Ids
parallelly.

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public void processIds(String userId1, String questionId){

Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
Future<Response> futureResponse1 = client.target("http://interviewbitserver.com/user
Future<Order> futureResponse2 = client.target("http://interviewbitserver.com/questio

// block the process until complete

Response response1 = futureResponse1.get();
User userObject = response1.readEntity(User.class);
//Do processing of userObject

// Wait for 2 seconds before fetching record

try {
Question question = futureResponse2.get(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//Do Processing of question
} catch (TimeoutException timeoutException ) {
//handle exceptions
}
return;
}

In the above example, we see that there are 2 separate requests getting executed
parallelly. For the first future object, we await the javax.ws.rs.core.Response
indefinitely using the get() method until we get the response. For the second future
object, we wait for the response only for 2 seconds and if we do not get within 2
seconds, then the get() method throws TimeoutException. We can also use the
isDone() method or isCancelled() method to find out whether the executors have
completed or cancelled.

36.   List the key annotations that are present in the JAX-RS API?

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 REST API Interview Questions

@Path - This specifies the relative URI path to the REST resource.
@GET - This is a request method designator which is corresponding to the HTTP
GET requests. They process GET requests.
@POST - This is a request method designator which is corresponding to the
HTTP POST requests. They process POST requests.
@PUT - This is a request method designator which is corresponding to the HTTP
PUT requests. They process PUT requests.
@DELETE - This is a request method designator which is corresponding to the
HTTP DELETE requests. They process DELETE requests.
@HEAD - This is a request method designator which is corresponding to the
HTTP HEAD requests. They process HEAD requests.
@PathParam - This is the URI path parameter that helps developers to extract
the parameters from the URI and use them in the resource class/methods.
@QueryParam - This is the URI query parameter that helps developers extract
the query parameters from the URI and use them in the resource class/methods.
@Produces - This specifies what MIME media types of the resource
representations are produced and sent to the client as a response.
@Consumes - This specifies which MIME media types of the resource
representations are accepted or consumed by the server from the client.

Spring RESTful Web Services Interview Questions

37.   Define RestTemplate in Spring.
The RestTemplate is the main class meant for the client-side access for Spring-based
RESTful services. The communication to the server is accomplished using the REST
constraints. This is similar to other template classes such as JdbcTemplate,
HibernateTemplate, etc provided by Spring. The RestTemplate provides high-level
implementation details for the HTTP Methods like GET, POST, PUT, etc, and gives the
methods to communicate using the URI template, URI path params,
request/response types, request object, etc as part of arguments.

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 REST API Interview Questions

Commonly used annotations like @GetMapping , @PostMapping , @PutMapping ,

etc are provided by this class from Spring 4.3. Prior to that, Spring provided (and
still provides) @RequestMapping annotation to indicate what methods were
being used.

38.   What is the use of @RequestMapping?

The annotation is used for mapping requests to specific handler classes or
methods.
In spring, all the incoming web request routing is handled by Dispatcher Servlet.
When it gets the request, it determines which controller is meant for processing
the request by means of request handlers. The Dispatcher Servlet scans all the
classes annotated with @Controller. The process of routing requests depends on
@RequestMapping annotations that are declared inside the controller classes
and their methods.

39.   What are the differences between the annotations

@Controller and @RestController?

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 REST API Interview Questions

@Controller  @RestController

Mostly used traditional Spring Represents RESTful web

MVC service.  service in Spring.

It is used in case of
It is mostly used in Spring MVC
RESTful web service that
service where model data needs
returns object values
to rendered using view.
bound to response body.

The default behavior of

If response values need to be
the @RestController
converted through
needs to be written on
HttpMessageConverters and sent
the response body
via response object, extra
because it is the
annotation @ResponseBody
combination of
needs to be used on the class or
@Controller and
the method handlers.
@ResponseBody.

@RestController
@Controller provides control annotation has no such
and flexibility over how the flexibility and writes all
response needs to be sent. the results to the
response body.

40.   What does the annotation @PathVariable do?

@PathVariable annotation is used for passing the parameter with the URL that is
required to get the data. Spring MVC provides support for URL customization for data
retrieval using @PathVariable annotation.

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 REST API Interview Questions

41.   Is it necessary to keep Spring MVC in the classpath for

developing RESTful web services?
Yes. Spring MVC needs to be on the classpath of the application while developing
RESTful web services using Spring. This is because, the Spring MVC provides the
necessary annotations like @RestController, @RequestBody, @PathVariable, etc.
Hence the spring-mvc.jar needs to be on the classpath or the corresponding Maven
entry in the pom.xml.

42.   Define HttpMessageConverter in terms of Spring REST?

HttpMessageConverter is a strategic interface that specified a converter for
conversion between HTTP Requests and responses. Spring REST uses the
HttpMessageConverter for converting responses to various data formats like JSON,
XML, etc. Spring makes use of the “Accept” header for determining the type of
content the client expects. Based on this, Spring would find the registered message
converter interface that is capable of this conversion.

Conclusion
43.   Conclusion
We have seen what are the most commonly asked questions on RESTful web services
during an interview. REST APIs have become a very important tool in the so ware
industry. Developing RESTful web services that are scalable and easily maintainable is
considered an art. As the industry trends increase, the REST architecture would
become more concrete and the demand for developers who know the development
of RESTful web services would increase steadily.
References:
To learn more about REST, you can refer to the below 2 links:
https://restcookbook.com/
https://www.restapitutorial.com/

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