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Alisa

1. The document discusses the history of reading, from the earliest development of written language around 4000 BC to the evolution of readers and reading over time. 2. It covers topics like Grace Goddell's Reading Skills Ladder, the components of reading including decoding, comprehension, and retention, and how reading can improve communication skills. 3. Different reading models are described, including the top-down model which focuses on the reader's own mind, the bottom-up model which is more text-focused, and the interactive model which recognizes the simultaneous interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes throughout reading.

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Monaliza Rondato
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95 views3 pages

Alisa

1. The document discusses the history of reading, from the earliest development of written language around 4000 BC to the evolution of readers and reading over time. 2. It covers topics like Grace Goddell's Reading Skills Ladder, the components of reading including decoding, comprehension, and retention, and how reading can improve communication skills. 3. Different reading models are described, including the top-down model which focuses on the reader's own mind, the bottom-up model which is more text-focused, and the interactive model which recognizes the simultaneous interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes throughout reading.

Uploaded by

Monaliza Rondato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Monaliza A.

Rondato Date: 12/19/2021


Course: Educ 109A

Comprehensive Exam:
1. History of Reading
The history of reading is a topic that probably interests all readers. Reading what someone else
has written brings with it a sense of continuity and solidarity. This sense of solidarity is
strengthened when we get to know how others read. What we read and how it affects us can
reflect our personalities and our experiences as individuals. The history of readers and reading
can offer much insight into the nature and history of the society as a whole. The topic is a
fascinating one, and one that has several absorbing aspects. Join us as we try to construct the
bare bones of the process of the evolution of readers and reading over the course of history.
The History of reading dates back to the invention of writing during 4000 BC. Spoken language
is a natural, biological form of human communication. Speech is natural, yet there’s no proof or
evidence on how it all started. According to the palaeontologist who study fossils and other
evidences of life on earth, the first man was a late comer on earth and appeared on the planet
only one hundred thousand years ago. In the beginning, however, he employed grunts and
body language using gestures and postures to convey his ideas and needs to others. Slowly he
developed oral language which enable him to express more clearly the messages he wanted to
convey.

2. Reading as Communication Process


Language is a code of system used by humans to communicate. And as there are diverse
languages, there are diversities in the code system or symbols as devised and used by man. Five
characteristics of Language Clarity, Simplicity, Adapted language, Forceful Vivid language.
Clarity is the concreteness of code symbols that a reader can more easily and immediately
understand. Simplicity is the complexity of wording written for the sake of verbal erudition is
less easily understood, compared with what is expressed directly and to the point. Adapted
Language are words expression should relate to the readers age, educational attainment,
gender, ethnic, origin and other personal factors. Forceful stimulating language provides color,
interest and excitement Differentiate. He speaks at length while saying little. He spews forth
words- and saying nothing. Vivid Language is vivid wording descriptive and stirs the senses of
the readers. For example: Very good salesman Cracker persuader. Dishonest and evil- festering
corruption. Trouble spot- seething hell.

3. Grace Goddell’s Reading Skills Ladder


Grace Goddell’s Reading Skills Ladder includes Evaluate Analysis, Explore, Explain and
Identity. Basic sight words using phonetic analysis, using structural analysis, using contextual
clues, vocabulary building, finding the main idea, finding the supporting details, inferring
meanings, drawing conclusive, classifying and organizing facts, using parts at the book, using
the dictionary, using the encyclopedias and other reference books, borrowing library books for
research and enjoyment, starting your private library collection, exposure to reading from mass
media and reading from the learner.
4. Reading a Skill
The Reading Skills Fame clan: Reading It is a cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning
from text (as in reading a book or reading music). Three Components of Reading 1. Decoding 2.
Comprehension 3. Retention. Decoding. Decoding refers to the process of translating a printed word
into a sound. Two Skills in Decoding : 1. Identification Skill 2. Word Attack Skill. Comprehension It is
defined as the level of understanding of a text/message. This understanding comes from the interaction
between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text/message.
Comprehension relies on a mastery of decoding. Children who struggle to decode find it difficult to
understand and remember what has been read. Because their efforts to grasp individual words are so
exhausting, they have very little mental energy left for understanding. Retention The condition of
retaining (keeping) something. It could be in the Short term memory or Long term Memory which is t he
ability to retain, which relies heavily on a child’s decoding proficiency and ability to comprehend what is
read.

5. Good Communication
First, it increases our vocabulary. The more we read, the more likely we are to come across new
words. Business books, in particular, have words and phrases that are unique to their topic. If
you need to communicate with particular sectors and industries, understanding the language
being spoken is essential. Reading strengthens the brain. And a strong brain means more
effective communication overall. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. As we
read, our brain decodes abstract symbols, makes connections, and conducts various visual and
auditory processes. Indeed, multiple studies suggest that mentally challenging tasks, such as
reading, help to maintain and build brain cells and connections between those cells, helping to
preserve the memory and thinking skills. Reading can give us the ability to make a point. The
more we read, the more our brains are able to link cause and effect. The ability to communicate
cause and effect is a central component of any argument, sales pitch, negotiation or story. As
such, a well-written article or book will be structured in a way that helps us to think in sequence
rather than jumping from point to point.

6. A. Top-down model
A top-down approach heads in the opposite direction. A student's own mind (the 'top') is
key for this model, rather than focusing only on the text itself.
B. Bottom-Up Model
A bottom-up approach is concerned mainly with the book itself (the 'bottom') and less
concerned at first with the context and ideas in a reader's mind (the 'top').

C. Interactive Model
While an interactive reading model is a reading model that recognizes the interaction of
bottom- up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout the reading process. The
interactive model suggests that the reader constructs meaning by the selective use of
information from all sources of meaning (graphemic, phonemic, morphemic, syntax, semantics)
without adherence to any one set order. The reader simultaneously uses all levels of processing
even though one source of meaning can be primary at a given time.

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