Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 1

BEST NOTES
ON

Direct & Indirect

Salient Features:
This book enables you understand:
 Persons of pronoun
 Pronoun and its kinds
 Comprehensive Narration structures
 Conversion of Sentences in Narration
 Multiple Choice Exercises for practice
 Complex Structured exercises for practice

By:
Prof. Umar Ibrahim
Ex. HOD (English),
PGC, Lahore
Visiting Lecturer in English,
UCP, Lahore

Sidra Umar Ch. Khurram Aziz Dhillon

M.A. English (P.U) C.S.P
L.L.B. (Gold Medalist) 34th CTP IRS
Punjab University, Lahore.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 2

All Rights Reserved by Author

No part of this book can be copied, reproduced
or used for notes and helping books.

Legal Consultants
Naveed Ayaz Qureshi Sidra Umar
Advocate High Court Advocate High Court

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Advocate High Court

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect

Author: Prof. Umar Ibrahim

Ex. HOD (English), PGC, Lahore
Visiting Lecturer in English, UCP, Lahore
Impression: March, 2021
Copies: 1000
Price: 120/-
Contact # 0300-0430134 (Author)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 3

Acknowledgement

This book deserves my note of acknowledgement

and appreciation because I perused its first hand
material thoroughly and found it concise and
comprehensive for the learners of narration. Its
content with division of topics comprising drill
exercises is a marvelous scheme of step by step
learning. Keen observation of this book will
encourage sequential upbringing of the learners to
enhance their mental discipline and intellectual
development.

Prof. Kashif Jalal Baig

Principal
KIPS College,
Hafizabad.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 4

Dedication

Dedicated
to
My little angel
Asad Umar

Prof. Umar Ibrahim

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 5

Preface
This book contains comprehensive narration
structures with numerous examples and exercises for
the learners of this particular topic.

I express my special gratitude to all my dear

friends and respected colleagues. I'm thankful to my
friends Prof. Dr. Shahid Rasool Swan (Ph.D Scholar; Urdu)
and Prof.Nadeem Sheikh (Engish), my students Madam
Dr. Farhana Kausar (Ph.D Scholar; Edu.) Assistant Director
(RPM) , Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational

Development, Punjab and Miss Amara Liaquat (L.L.B)

who inspired me for compiling this book.

Prof. Umar Ibrahim

Ex. HOD (English),
PGC, Lahore and
Visiting Lecturer in English,
UCP, Lahore
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 6

Content
Sr. Page
Details
# #

1. Persons and Pronouns 7

2. Direct & Indirect Speech 12
3. Words of Compliments 28
4. Conversion of Sentences 32
 Assertive Sentences 32
 Interrogative Sentences 34
 Imperative Sentences 37
 Sentences in "Let" 39
 Exclamatory Sentences 43
 Optative Sentences 46
 Subjunctive Sentences 48
5. Exercises for Practice 51
6. Quiz Exercises 66
7. Multiple Choice Exercises (MCQs) 88
8. Complex Exercises 119
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 7

1. Persons and Pronouns

Person:
One who performs an activity in a sentence is
called person.
 
  
 

Kinds of Persons:

(One who addresses to the listener is called I.

person.)

      
I, We,

(One who listens to the speaker is called 2nd.

person.)
    
  
You.

(The one subjected between two persons is

called 3rd. person.)
  
     
He, She, It, They, Name, Singular, Plural.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 8

Pronoun    :
A word used in stead of a noun is called
pronoun.
     
Jane has a beautiful cat.
She loves it very much.

Linear order of sentence:

Subject + Verb + Object
Subject: (Doer of an action)     
I teach you.
Verb: (Action done by the subject)      
I teach you.
Object: (Recipient of an action)     
You respect me.

Personal Pronoun    :

A word used for the personal name of a noun
is called personal pronoun.
            

George is my friend.
He lives in Canada.
1. Cases of Personal Pronouns: There are
two cases of personal pronouns.
    
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 9

 Subjective Case  


 Objective Case    
Objective  Subject  Subjective case
   Object   case
Subjective Case Objective Case
I teach you.
You respect me.
Cases of Personal Pronouns
Person Subjective Case Objective Case
1st. Person I Me
We Us
2nd. Person You You
3rd. Person He Him
She Her
It It
One One
They Them

Objective    Verb  Subjective Case 

  Verb   Case
I teach him.
He respects me.
2. Possessive Pronouns as possessive
Adjectives:
These words are used to show possession
over nouns.
    
     
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 10

Person Possessive Possessive

Adjectives Pronouns
1st. Person My Mine
Our Ours
2nd. Person Your Yours
3rd. Person His His
Her Hers
Its Its
Their Theirs
  (Noun)     Possessive Adjective (i) 
   Attributive Adjective 
I love my mother.
She loves her son.
is, are, am, was, were  Possessive Pronouns (ii)
   Subject Complement  
This is my book.
This book is mine.
3. Reflexive Pronoun    : A pronoun
which is used to show the subject as an object of
the same verb.
       
   
   
He hurt himself with a knife.
Reflexive Cases  2nd. person  1st.Person (i)  
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 11

 Self/Selves  Possessive Case  

  
I polish my shoes myself.
You should press your clothes yourself.
    Selves  Self 
Self/Selves  Objective case  3rd.Person (ii)

She makes her tea herself.
They make their dinner themselves.

Persons and Cases of Pronoun

Person Subjective Possessive Objective Reflexive
Case Case Case Case
1st. I my/mine me myself
Person we our/ours us ourselves

2nd. you your/yours you yourself/

Person selves

3rd. he his/his him himself

Person she her/hers her herself
it its/its it itself
one one's one oneself
they their/theirs them themselves
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 12

2. Direct & Indirect Speech

Direct Speech   : The speech which
contains the actual words of the speaker.
      
She says, "I am ill."
     
Indirect Speech    : The speech which
contains the sum and substance of the speaker's
speech.
     
   
She says that she is ill.
   
Reporting Speech and Reported Speech
   ( , "_______.") Inverted Commas
   (i)
Reported Speech       Reporting Speech 

_____________, "________."
Reporting Speech Reported Speech
Reported       Reporting Speech (ii)
          Speech
She says, "I am ill."
     
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 13

Reported  Reporting Speech    (iii)

            Speech
She says, "My mother is ill."
"My mother is ill," she says.
"My mother is ill," says she, "she cannot
come."
 R e p o r t i n g S p e e c h       
   Capital Letter  Reported Speech
He says, 'She is ill."
  Reported Speech  Reporting Speech   
   small letter   
"She is ill", he says.
"She is ill," says he.
  R e p o r t e d S p e e c h      
  Capital letter  Reported Speech
   small letter  Reported Speech  
"My fahter is ill," says she, "he can not come."
  Reporting Speech   Reported Speech 
Reporting    Comma      
  full stop  Speech
"My fahter is ill," she says.
 Reported Speech     Reporting Speech 
 Comma         
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 14

   full stop  

"My father is ill," she says, ''he cannot come."

1. Change of Pronoun
Reporting Speech Reported Speech
S (ubject) (I) Person
O (bject) (II) Person
N (O change) (III) Person

Reporting  1st. person  Reported Speech -1

 Subject Speech
She says, "I am ill."
She says that she is ill.
He says to me, "We love Pakistan."
He tells me that they love Pakistan.
   tell/tells  Say to/says to(i) 
 conjunction   that    (ii)
  
Reporting  2nd person  Reported Speech -2
  object Speech
He says to me, "You are my teacher."
He tells me that I am his teacher.
 2nd person     Reporting object 
  
 you   1st person   Reporting Subject (i)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 15

 
I say, "You are a teacher."
I say that you are a teacher.
 3rd person  2nd person   Reporting subject (ii)
  you 
   
You say, "You are a teacher."
You say that I am a teacher.
She says, "You are my teahcer."
She says that I am her teacher.
 (3rd. Person)    Reported Speech (iii)
 
   
I say, "They live in Lahore."
I say that they live in Lahore.
She says, "He is my nighbour."
She says that he is her neighbour.
They say, "He is a thorough gentleman."
They say that he is a thorough gentleman.

Exercise No. 1
1. He says to me, 'I teach English."
2. I say to him, "You are a nice man."
3. Asad says to his mother, "He is not well."
4. Bano says to them, "W e shall arrange a
party."
5. You say, "You are an obedient student."
6. Priya says, "You are a good singer."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 16

7. I say, "You will perform well next time."

8. We say to him, "He will go with us."
9. Diya says to me, "I love my mother very
much."
10. He says to me, "They will obey you."

Exercise No. 2
1. I say to her, "I am your well wisher."
2. They say to me, "We respect you very much."
3. He says to them, "You are to stay at home."
4. Zarish says to Emma, "I am your best friend."
5. I say to Asad and Fahad, "You are not bound
to go there."
6. He says to me, "Students are present in the
class."
7. Girls say to him, "Hira and Amina are real
sisters."
8. Students say, "We request you to explain the
last point again."
9. The Prime Minister says, "We will introduce
new educational reforms."
10. She says, "We can make progress through
hard work and consistency."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 17

2. Change of Tense
Past tense in reporting speech brings about
change of tense in reported speech.
Reported  Past tense  Reporting speech  
   Past tense  speech
Past Tense Changes into "Past Tense"
1. Present Indefinite into Past Indefinite:
    
Maria said, 'I like coffee."
Maria said that she liked coffee.
John said to her, "I like tea."
John told her that he liked tea.
Note: 'said to' is changed into 'told.'
2. Present Progressive into Past Progressive:
       
Patal said, "I am making soup."
Patal said that he was making soup.
3. Present Perfective into Past Perfective:
   
He said, 'I have done my work."
He said that he had done his work.
4. Present Perfective Progressive into Past
Perfective Progressive:
       
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 18

He said to Joseph, "It has been raining the

whole night."
He told Joseph that it had been raining the
whole night.
5. Past Indefinite into Past Perfective:
    
Diya said to her teacher, "I finished my work."
Diya told her teacher that she had finished
her work.
6. Past Progressive into Past Perfective
Progressive:
        
Asad said to his friend, "I was taking my
class."
Asad told his friend that he had been taking
his class.
7. The following words are generally
changed into their past form:
do / does + I.F  Did + I.F
Will/shall + I.F  Would + I.F
Did + I.F  had + III.F
Can + I.F  Could + I.F
May + I.F  Might + I.F
Is/Are/Am  Was/Were
Was/Were  had been

She said, "I am happy."

She said that she was happy.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 19

Marvi said, "We can speak English."

Marvi said that they could speak English.

Exercise No. 3
1. He said to me, "I take exercise daily."
2. Danish said to me, "I do not tell a lie."
3. She said to the teacher, "My daughter takes
interest in studies."
4. Kathie said to him, "They are wrong and I am
right."
5. You said to her, "He wasted my time for
nothing."
6. The mother said, "I was making tea for my
son."
7. She said to her teacher, "Students were
present in the hall."
8. He said to her, "You did not attend my
wedding."
9. Students said to me, "We shall be waiting for
you."
10. She said to her father, "You will stand by me
in need."

Exercise No. 4
1. The teacher said, "You have learnt your
lesson nicely."
2. He said to me, "They will have gone home."
3. You said to her, "Umar has learnt his poem
by heart."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 20

4. She said to the manager, "My father may visit

your office in the evening."
5. The captain said to the players, "We can win
the match in the end."
6. They said to me, "We have not decided to
visit Murree."
7. Sidra said to him, "I can challenge your views
on morality."
8. She said to her husband, 'You cannot satisfy
your conscience."
9. Hilton said to us, "She was immensely
popular with boys."
10. She said to Chips, "I was afraid you were a
solicitor."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 21

Exceptions
 No Tense change in Case of:
1. Universal Truth:
He said, "God is one."
He said that God is one.
2. Habitual Fact:
He said, "The sun rises in the east.
He said that the sun rises in the east.
3. Historical Fact:
He said, "Quaid-e-Azam died in 1948.
He said that Quaid-e-Azam died in 1948.
4. Connected Action in the Past at the Same
Time:
He said, "It started raining when the plane
flew."
He said that it started raining when the plane
flew.
5. Past Indefinite and Past Progressive do
not change in Time-Clause:
He said, "When I lived in Sahiwal I played
video games."
He said that when he lived in Sahiwal he
played video games.
She said, "W hen I was enjoying youth, I
watched romantic movies."
She said that when she was enjoying youth
she watched romantic movies.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 22

6. "The Real Past" no Tense Change After:

Wish, would rather, had better, it is time, etc.
Girls said, "We wish we did not have to take
exams."
Girls said that they wished they did not have
to take exams.
He said "I would rather Rama took a taxi to
reach home."
He said that he would rather Rama took a taxi
to reach home.
Pinky said, "He had better leave."
Pinky said that he had better leave.
I said, "It is time that they met the principal."
I said that it was time that they met the
principal.
 ( Y o u )   S u b j e c t  H a d b e t t e r   
    Warn/advise  Reporting verb
 To + I. form  Infinitive  Had better

He said, "You had better give up smoking."
He advised me to give up smoking.
7. Following Verbs and Auxiliaries remain
unchanged:
Could, might, must, would, had + III-F, had+
been + IV-F, etc.
Regan said, 'We would come in the evening."
Regan said that they would come in the
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 23

evening.
James said, "He had learnt his lesson by
heart."
James said that he had learnt his lesson by
heart.
She said, "It had been raining the whole
night."
She said that it had been raining the whole
night.

Exercise No. 5
1. The teacher said, "God is Almighty."
2. I said to her, "Soul is immortal."
3. She said to them, "Iqbal was born in 1877."
4. The teacher said to the students, "Human
nature never changes."
5. He said to them, "A stitch in time saves nine."
6. I said to Umar, "Pakistan won the world cup
in 1992."
7. Maryam said to me, "W hen the clouds
thundered it started raining."
8. She said, "When I saw my husband I began
weeping."
9. The teacher said to us, "The rolling stone
gathers no moss."
10. He said, "When I was living in Lahore I taught
the students English."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 24

Exercise No. 6
1. The beggar said, "I wish I did not raise my
hand for food."
2. Sidra said, "I would rather Fahad took bread
and butter in breakfast."
3. Zoha said to me, "You had better plan without
taking me there."
4. My colleagues said, 'It is time that you met
the principal."
5. He said to the audience, "She did not know
whether he had been laughing or crying."
6. The writer said, "He must show that there
was no nonsense about him."
7. Natasha said to Danish, "If you had worked
hard, you would have succeeded."
8. Liza said to them, 'The wages of sin is hell."
9. The doctor said, "The pandemic Covid-19
broke out in 2020."
10. The saint said, "No one can avert the decree
of fate."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 25

3. Change of Certain Words

'Nearness' denoting adjectives and adverbs
are changed into 'distance' showing words.
Now  Then
Thus  So
Ago  Before
Just  Then
These  Those
Here  There
Today  That day
Tonight  That night
Tomorrow  The next day
Yesterday  The previous day
Last night  The previous night
Next week  The following week
Hence  Thence
Hither  Thither
The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow In two days time

She said, "I should go now."

She said that she should go then.
He said to me, "This is my coat."
He told me that that was his coat.
She said, "My father died two months ago."
She said that her father had died two months
before.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 26

Note:
(i) In case of present or Future tense in
repor ting speech, the cer tain words
remain unchanged.
    R e p o r t i n g s p e e c h   
     Reporting speech
She says, "I shall make tea now."
She says that she will make tea now.
He says, "I am going to Karachi tomorrow."
He says that he is going to Karachi tomorrow.
(ii) "This' or These", used in time expression,
is usually changed into "that or those."
She said, "I shall go to Lahore this week.
She said that she would go to Lahore that
week.
(iii) 'T hi s or T h e s e ' us e d a s a t t r i b ut i ve
adjective is generally changed into 'the'.
Danish said, "I did not read this book."
Danish said that he had not read the book.

Exercise No. 7
1. She said to me, "This house is mine."
2. I said to her, "He met me yesterday."
3. He said to Ali, "I shall come tomorrow."
4. Diya said to me, "These are my books."
5. Mona said to mother, "We shall go home
today."
6. Aney said to her husband, "I saw a snake
tonight."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 27

7. I said to her, "Saif is coming hither to see

you."
8. Pinky said to Mishal, 'I am coming to see you
next week."
9. Abida said to her friend, "My son went to
Lahore last month."
10. Amin said to his wife, "I shall pay all my debts
next year."

Exercise No. 8
1. Faiqa said to him, "I moved to Lahore one
year ago."
2. My friend said to me, "I was coming hither to
see your brother."
3. The student said to me, "I can see you easily
from hence."
4. Altaf said to his friend, "We visited your office
yesterday."
5. I said to Alia, "W e shall celebrate your
birthday next year."
6. She said to him, "I shall visit you the day after
tomorrow."
7. Danish said to him, "I have seen your father
here in the party."
8. The students said to me, "We shall join your
class tomorrow."
9. Chips said to the visitors, "My wife left me
weeping thus."
10. She said to me, "Asad is playing with toys
now."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 28

3. Words of Compliments
1. In indirect speech, the words like 'Well',
'No', "Hello" and "Right" are omitted.
Well, No, Hello and Right  Indirect speech
     
She said to me, 'Well, I shall convey your
message."
She told me that she would convey my
message.
2. Reverence showing words like 'Sir' and
'Madam' are changed into 'respectfully'.
    
  Sir  Madam    
    Respectfully 
I said to her, "Madam, I respect you very
much."
I told her respectfully that I respected her very
much.
3. When a noun or pronoun is addressed
directly in reported speech it changes into
an object of reporting speech.
        Reported speech
Reporting object  Indirect speech, Pronoun  Noun
   
She said, "Danish, I shall help you."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 29

She told Danish that she would help him.

She said to me, "You fool, I shall tell you the
truth."
She called me fool and told me that she
would tell me the truth.
4. The expression of compliments like 'Good
morning', 'Good noon', 'Good afternoon'
and 'Good evening' are omitted. And the
reporting verb is changed into 'Greeted',
'No conjunction' is to be used.
Good morning,         
 Good noon, Good afternoon and Good evening
 Greeted  Reporting verb     

She said, "Good morning, Mr. Asad."
She greeted Mr. Asad.
5. Expression of Compliments like 'Good
night', 'Good bye' and 'Welcome' remain
unchanged and "to" is used as
conjunction.
     Good night, Good bye, Welcome
 
   Conjunction  To   
katherine said, "Good bye, Mr. Chips."
Katherine said good bye to Mr. Chips.
Note: "Bid" is used as reporting verb with farewell.
  Farewell  Reported speech  
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 30

    bid  Reporting verb

He said, "Farewell, my friend."
He bade farewell to his friend.

Exercise No. 9
1. They said to me, "Sir, we respect you very
much."
2. John said to him, "I shall stand first in my
class, brother."
3. Linford said to his friend, "OK, we shall
consider over it."
4. She said, "Solomon, I lost my pocket book
yesterday."
5. She said to her, "Madam, I want to go to
Lahore now."
6. Rubab said to her, "Yes, I am ready to join
your party."
7. I said, "Asad, you were absent from the class
yesterday."
8. He said to them, "Right, I shall teach this
lesson tomorrow."
9. The candidate said to me, "I want some extra
sheets, sir."
10. She said to her husband, "No, we cannot
move together now."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 31

Exercise No. 10
1. She said to me, "Good morning, sir."
2. He said, "Bye Bye, my beloved."
3. Dr. Faustus said, "W elcome, Mephisto-
pheles."
4. "Good bye, Mr. John." I said.
5. "Good evening, Sir, I need your help." said
Anna to me.
6. "Madam, it is my pleasure you visited me." I
said to her.
7. Anjum said to me, "Fool, she has left
Pakistan for good."
8. Nadeem said to me, "This man can not help
you, brother."
9. "Bastard, you always irritate me." The officer
said to the peon.
10. The angel said to Abu Bin Adam, "Sir, I have
not enlisted your name yet."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 32

4. Conversion of Sentences
1.Assertive Sentences
        Indirect  Direct (i)
  
(i) Change of Pronoun.
(ii) Change of Tense.
(iii) Change of Certain words
I said to her, "Asad drinks milk."
I told her that Asad drank milk.
She said, "We attempted all questions."
S he sa id th a t t h e y h a d at te mp te d a ll
questions.
  Not    Reported speech   (ii)
   Helping Verb
He said to me, "I do not tell a lie."
He told me that he did not tell a lie.
Diya said, "We never visited Murree."
Diya said that they had never visited Murree.

Exercise No. 11
1. She said to her husband, "I like ice-cream."
2. He said to his father, "I want to eat food."
3. Nasir said to them, "We will buy mangoes."
4. I said to the students, "You should work
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 33

hard."
5. Naeem said to his mother, "I shall go to
Lahore with a view to seeing my friend."
6. Diya said to me, "You will help me if I need
your support."
7. Ali said to her, "I shall try my best to stand by
you."
8. Amara said, "Asad, I shall punish you if you
do not do your home work."
9. He said to me, "You are losing weight."
10. She said to him, "You must speak English."

Exercise No. 12
1. I said to him, "I do not tell a lie."
2. Ahmad said to his friend, "Ali did not abuse
you."
3. I said to Maria, "I have not taken tea."
4. He said to Saif, "You will not marry her."
5. They said, "She did not wait for them."
6. Imran said to me, "I shall not talk to him on
this topic."
7. She said to Hina, "I can not guide you in this
matter."
8. She said to me, "Sir, we did not prepare your
lecture today."
9. He said to her, "You cannot leave your seat
until you complete your work."
10. She said to her, "Madam, I can not forgive
him."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 34

2. Interrogative Sentences
     
 verb    Reporting verb (i)
   
 Question/Questioned
 Ask/Asked
 Demand/Demanded
 Inquire of/Inquired of
     Reported Speech (ii)
    
    Full stop    (iii)

    If/whether    (iv)

I said to her, "Are you a musician?"
I asked her if she was a musician.
He said to Ahad, "Do you not take tea?"
He asked Ahad if he did not take tea.
Interrogative   Reported Speech   (v)
  What, who, which, whom  pronouns
when, why or  interrogative adverbs   
 where
   if/whether
    Conjunction   
He said to me, "What do you think?"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 35

He questioned me what I thought.

He said to her, "Whom do you teach?"
He asked her whom she taught.
Zain said to him, "Why do you not like to take
tea?"
Zain asked him why he did not like to take
tea.

Exercise No. 13
1. She said to me, "Do you teach English, Sir?"
2. I said to Passerby, "Are you a stranger in this
area?"
3. Students said to him, "Will you explain this
theory tomorrow, sir?
4. The Principal said, "Was the teacher not in
the class?"
5. She said to Amara, "Can I wish you mother
day, Madam?"
6. The student said to the teacher, "May I come
in, sir?"
7. Faulkner said to Mr. Chips, "Please, Sir, may
I have the afternoon off?"
8. He said to him, "Sir, can I go to the station my
people are coming up?"
9. She said to me, "Have you not read the
journel of this month, sir?"
10. The mother said to the teacher, "Is my son
performing well in the class?"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 36

Exercise No. 14
1. He said to me, "Who is she?"
2. I said to you, "What is her name?"
3. He said to Ali, "Where is your house?"
4. Sania said to Jean, "What do you do in this
office?"
5. She said to Shahbaz, "Who did not listen to
you in this office, sir?"
6. The lady said to the principal, "What does
Saira teach in this college, sir?"
7. He said to the lawyer, "How shall I go on
bail?"
8. Ahmad said to me, "Why do you not teach in
the university, sir?"
9. The peon said to her, "Why can I not get
leave, madam?"
10. The officer said to the subordinates, "Why do
not you reach office in time?"


Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 37

3. Imperative Sentences

Reporting   
           (i)
 verb       verb
   
Verbs of Command: Order, require, tell, etc.
Verbs of Request: Request, beg, ask, extract,
implore, desire, etc.
Verbs of Advice: Advise, urge, persuade, forbid,
etc.
 conjunction  to     (ii)

The principal said, "Ring the bell."
The principal ordered to ring the bell.
The old lady said to him, "Help me, please."
The old lady requested him to help her.
I said to them, "Work hard."
I advised them to work hard.
Indirect  p l e a s e         
    speech
Reported speech   Negative Sentence (iii)
 Indirect Speech  Do not     
    Not to
The teacher said, "Do not waste time."
The teacher advised not to waste time.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 38

    Reporting verb    Forbid 

   Not 
She said, "Do not tell a lie."
She forbade to tell a lie.

Exercise No. 15
1. The saint said to us, "Fear to God."
2. He said to her, "Forgive me now."
3. Madiha said to me, "Help me, please."
4. She said to her servant, "Press my coat."
5. The principal said to the peon, "Bring a chair."
6. The teacher said to us, "Learn this poem by
heart."
7. The officer said to the police, "Arrest them
all."
8. I said to him, "Guide me to the mosque,
please."
9. The patient said to the doctor, "Check me
properly."
10. The mother said to them, "Recite the Holy
Quran daily."

Exercise No. 16
1. Waseem said to her, "Do not hurt me."
2. She said to him, "Do not go out."
3. Sana said to Bano, "Do not leave me alone."
4. She said to Umar, "Do not make a noise."
5. I said to you, "Do not waste your time."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 39

6. Afzal said to her, "Do not use abusive

language."
7. The mother said to her daughter, "Do not sit
idle."
8. He said to his wife, "Do not disturb my sleep,
please."
9. The pilot said to the passengers, "Do not lose
your belts?"
10. The nurse said to the patient, "Do not take
this medicine."

4. Sentences in "Let"
      'Let'
(Suggestion)  
(Permission)   
1. The use of "LET" to make a proposal or
suggestion.
   Let (i)

      Let

 
 Proposed/Suggested  Reporting verb 
   
Subjective  Objective Pronoun   Let 
   Pronoun
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 40

 conjunction  that      

   
helping  should   subject  that clause 
   verb
He said, "Let us watch T.V."
He suggested that they should watch T.V.
I said to my friend, 'Let us start a new
business."
I proposed to my friend that we should start a
new business.
 Indirect speech   Reporting object 
    'Proposed to'
    Let (ii)

        Let

  
   verbs  Reporting verb 
(i) Asked/asked
(ii) Request/requested
(iii) Persuade/persuaded.
 Conjunction  To    
 
  Let
     
He said to him, "let me watch T.V."
He requested him to let him watch T.V.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 41

  Persuade/Persuaded        
   Reporting verb
I said to him, "Do not let him watch T.V.
I persuaded him not to let him watch T.V.
       Let (iii)

  might be allowed to      Let 

  
  that    
He said to me, "Let me watch T.V."
He requested me that he might be allowed to
watch T.V.
The officer said to the peon, "Let the old
woman come in."
The officer asked the peon that the old
woman might be allowed to come in.

Exercise No. 17
1. He said, "Let us start a new business."
2. The father said to his son, "Let us say
prayer."
3. She said to her husband, "Let us enjoy life."
4. I said, "Let me think a while."
5. Shahid said to me, "Let her go now."
6. He said to his elder brother, "Let me find my
feet."
7. Poverty said, "Let us sell our souls."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 42

8. I said to him, "Let her come in."

9. She said to him, "Let us have a fine dinner
tonight."
10. Saima said to her husband, "Let me perform
ablution for saying prayer."

Exercise No. 18
1. I said to them, 'Let democracy prevail in
Pakistan."
2. She said to me, "Do not let Asad use mobile."
3. Saira said to bano, "Do not let children go out
in the sun."
4. She said to me, "Do not let him sell his car."
5. I said to his mother, "Do not let Zahid play
cards."
6. The teacher said to him, "Do not let your child
awake till late at night."
7. The officer said to the guard, "Do not let the
late comers enter the gate."
8. I said to the mother, "Do not let your son
keep bad company."
9. The driver said to the conductor, "Do not let
the passengers leave without bus-stop."
10. The factory owner said to the manager, "Do
not let the workers allow to go on strike
during the crisis."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 43

5. Exclamatory Sentences

 Direct Speech  Exclamatory Sentences

      Indirect Speech
   Verbs  Reporting Verbs (i)
(i) Exclaimed with
(ii) Shouted with
(iii) Confessed with
Joy, sorrow, wonder, surprise, regret, disgust (ii)
   object  Preposition with  or pain
   
He said, "O Lo! We have won at last."
He exclaimed triumphantly that they had won
at last.
  Triumphantly   Reporting Verb  
   Preposition with  
 Conjunction  That     (iii)
 
  Words  Reporting Verb (iv)

Cried out, applauded, declared, encouraged
or shouted, etc.
He said to them, "Buck up! You are sure to
win."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 44

He encouraged and assured them to win.

     word  saying   Applauded (v)
    preposition
I said to him, "Bravo! You have done well."
I applauded him saying that he had done
well.
       Indirect speech (vi)
Hurrah!, Ah!, Aha!, Alas!, Oh!, Bravo!, O-Lo!,
Buck up! etc.
He said, "Alas! I am hit by Dengue."
He exclaimed with sorrow that he was hit by
Dengue.
The boys shouted, "Hurrah! We have won the
match."
The boys shouted with joy that they had won
the match.
 Exclamatory sentences  Indirect speech (vii)
   assertive sentences
He said, "Alas! How foolish I have been."
He confessed with regret that he had been
very foolish.
     told    Reporting object 
  
He said me, "Ah! I lost my purse."
He exclaimed with sorrow and told me that he
had lost his purse.
 sense of wonder   How What (viii)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 45

   very     indirect speech 

 
He said, "How cunning he is!"
He exclaimed with wonder that he was very
cunning.
 Subject  Noun    Reported speech (xi)
    great   very
He said, "What a fool Javid is!"
He exclaimed with wonder that Javid was a
great fool.

Exercise No. 19
1. Erum said, "How high this tower is!"
2. She said, "Alas! I failed in English."
3. They said, "Ah! The house is on fire."
4. He said, "What a beautiful scene it is!"
5. Umar said, "Hurrah! I have succeeded."
6. She said, 'W hat a leader Quaid-e-Azam
was!"
7. Rubab said, "How foolish Zain is!"
8. The boy said, "Aha! mother kissed me today."
9. The student said, "Hurrah! I got pocket
money from my father."
10. Belinda said, "Alas! I lost my lock of hair."

Exercise No. 20
1. I said to him, "What a catch Afridi caught!"
2. Waqas said to her, "What a fool Bina was!"
3. John said to me, "Alas! I spoiled my children."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 46

4. Diya said to him, "How fearful the sight is!"

5. He said to me, "Alas! I lost my whole
business."
6. I said to Sania, "Hurrah! I stood first in my
class."
7. Ali said to her, "Hurrah! Pakistan won the
world cup."
8. She said to Danish, "Bravo! You have shown
good results."
9. Asad said to him, "Aha! Papa will bring
mangoes today."
10. Madiha said to him, "How charming your
personality is!."

6. Optative Sentences
Indirect  Direct Speech  Optative Sentence
     Speech
 curse/cursed  Pray/prayed  Reporting verb (i)
   
 pray/prayed for   Reporting object (ii)
    curse/cursed for
    that   (iii)

 Optative sente nce  Indirect speech (iv)

    Assertive sentence
    full stop   Sign of exclamation (v)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 47

He said, "May you live long!"

He prayed that I might live long.
She said to him, "May you go to hell!"
She cursed for him that he might go to hell.
I said to Saira, "May you get well soon!"
I prayed for Saira that she might get well
soon.
Exercise No. 21
1. She said to me, "May you ruin!"
2. Zahid said, "May they kill you!"
3. He said, "May he lose the game!"
4. Pinky said, "May Priya face loss!"
5. She said, "May you get success!"
6. I said, "May Danish prosper in life!"
7. She said, "May Umar reach safe!"
8. Sidra said, "May we always be happy!"
9. Sultan said, "May she have a good life!"
10. The mother said, 'May the dearness go to
hell!"

Exercise No. 22
1. She said to him, "May your life get spoiled."
2. Madiha said to him, "May your wife kill you!"
3. She said to me, "May you have a prosperous
life!"
4. Amara said to me, "May you win the match!"
5. The mother said to her son, "May your wife
love you!"
6. He said to Danish, 'May success kiss your
feet!"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 48

7. They said to her, "May your luck return you

good!"
8. She said to her husband, "May your cruelty
swallow you!"
9. He said to his partner, "May your dishonesty
imprison you!"
10. The beggar said to me, "May your son find
long life!"

7. Subjunctive Sentences
 Direct Speech  Subjunctive Sentences
      Indirect speech
    wished  Reporting Verb (i)

 Reporting verb    Reporting object (ii)

   Wished for
 "would that" or "O, that"  Indirect Speech (iii)
     
    that    (iv)

   comma  sign of exclamation (v)

She cried, "O, that' I were dead!"
She wished that she had been dead.
The poet said, "Would that I were a child!"
The poet wished that he had been a child.
My friend said to me, "Would that you were a
CSP officer."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 49

My firend wished for me that I had been a

CSP officer.
      regret   "O, that"(i) 
   would that 
   had been  were   (ii)

Exercise No. 23
1. People said, "Would that Quaid were alive!"
2. She said, "Would that you were my father!"
3. He said, "O, that' I were blind to this world!"
4. Saira said, "Would that he had married me!"
5. The Poor said, "Would that we had been
rich!"
6. They said, "O, that' we were successful in
life!"
7. The divorced lady said, "O, that' I were dead!"
8. Amina said, "O, that' I were a respected
lady!"
9. They said, "W ould that we had won the
match!"
10. Danish said, "O, that' my grandmother were
alive!"

Exercise No. 24
1. The crazy student said, "Would that I were a
great scholar!"
2. He said to her, "O, that' you were not
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 50

divorced!"
3. He said, "Would that I were the Education
Minister!"
4. He said to me, "Would that you had worked
hard!"
5. She said to me, "W ould that you were a
politician!"
6. I said to him, "O, that' you were an honest
fellow!"
7. She said to him, "Would that you had not
deceived me!"
8. The beggar said to me, "O, that' you were a
generous person!"
9. Asad said to me, "O, that' you were not the
unlucky person!"
10. I said to her, "Would that you had not backed
out of your words!"


Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 51

5. Exercises for Practice

Exercise No. 25
1. Alina says, "I make tea for guests."
2. He says, "You are my best friend."
3. I say, "He is not good at grammar."
4. Mike says to John, "We are philanthropist."
5. He says to her, "You are junior to me."
6. He says to him, "What is your name?"
7. He will say, "We love Pakistan."
8. I say, "You are very unsmiling fellow."
9. The criminal says, "I am innocent in this
case."
10. The teacher says, "I will teach you English."

Exercise No. 26
1. She said, "I was busy yesterday."
2. I said to him, "Honesty is the best policy."
3. He said to me, "I learnt lesson by heart."
4. They said, "We did not attend your class."
5. Erum said, "I am working on a new project."
6. Asad said, "They were sleeping now."
7. I said to him, "He was unknown to me."
8. Hashim said to her, "They have gone home."
9. He said, "It has been raining since morning."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 52

10. Sidra said to Fahid, "You should drink milk

daily."

Exercise No. 27
1. H e s a i d , " T h e y wi l l c o m e t o c o l l e g e
tomorrow."
2. Hira said to Momina, "We shall take lunch
together."
3. Qamar said to me, "Will he teach us?"
4. She said, "Sana will be cooking food."
5. Jess said, "Will you have completed your
assignment?"
6. The driver said, "Can I go on leave?"
7. Mubara said to me, "Should I learn French?"
8. Eman said to us, "You must stay here."
9. Faiza said, "We ought to respect our elders."
10. Navid said, "When will they reach home?"

Exercise No. 28
1. Danish said, "I have watched this movie."
2. Mohin said, "Have they taken the
responsibility?"
3. I said, "The patient had died before the doctor
come."
4. Liza said, "I have not taken tea."
5. She said, "They will have taken lunch."
6. She said to him, "Will you have written new
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 53

book?"
7. He said, "He would have passed C.S.S.
exam."
8. I said to her, "Hamid may not agree with you."
9. Mustafa said, "Who has broken this window
pane?"
10. She said to me, "When have you given this
duty?"

Exercise No. 29
1. The teacher said, "Work hard, boys."
2. She said to me, "Mend your ways."
3. The mother said, "Do not make a noise."
4. The father said, "Do not waste your time."
5. Alvin said, "Avoid bad company."
6. I said to Umar, "Concentrate on your studies."
7. She said, "Do not hanker after worldly things."
8. She said, "Do not make fun of others."
9. Faraz said, 'Learn your lesson by heart."
10. Salma said, "Do not look down upon the
poor."

Exercise No. 30
1. The officer said, "Let me brief it now."
2. I said to her, "Do not let Asad go out."
3. He said to his students, "Improve your
English."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 54

4. The teacher said to them, "Pride hath a fall."

5. She said, "What a beautiful house you live
in!"
6. Zara said to her friend, "O' that' we were
twins!"
7. I said to Kashif, "Your wife had better join
school."
8. She said, "I would rather you did not go
there."
9. The doctor said, "You had better take
medicine properly."
10. My father said to me, "Get up early in the
morning."

Exercise No. 31
1. He said, "Is Pakistan able to fight against the
enemy?"
2. The child said to his mother, "W here is
Minar-E-Pakistan?"
3. I said to him, "Do not let your son show
non-serious behavior."
4. She said to me, "How untalkative your
daughter is!"
5. She said to me, "May your son reach home
safely!"
6. The tailor said, "Collect your shirt, it is ready."
7. The lady said, "May you face the music!"
8. The security officer said, "Do not enter
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 55

without pass."
9. The teacher said, "Peace is better than war."
10. She said, "When I left the train, someone
snatched my purse."

Exercise No. 32
1. The guard said, "Wait for your turn, sir."
2. Hemingway said, "Man can be destroyed but
not defeated."
3. He said, "We cannot win the war of tomorrow
with the strategy of yesterday."
4. I said, "Let the hungry child eat something."
5. The soldier said, "Let us pray for the recovery
of our commander."
6. The pilot said, "Do not use mobile phone
while landing."
7. She said to him, "Have you taken your
medicine?"
8. She said to Zoha, "Would that I were pretty
like you!"
9. I said to her, "May your son get well soon!"
10. She said, "Ibrahim, your class in charge is not
satisfied with you."

Exercise No. 33
1. Erum said to her brother, "What are you
doing here?"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 56

2. The judge said to the lawyer, "Come with

documentary proof."
3. The professor said, 'What did I teach you in
the previous lecture?"
4. Wetherby said to Chips, "Do not let anyone
make you fool."
5. She said to her teacher, "Inform my parents, I
am not well."
6. The thief said to the policeman, "Forgive me,
I will not do it again."
7. He said to his subordinate, "Do not exceed
your limits."
8. Sid ra sa id , "H o w st ra ng e he is in h is
behavior!"
9. The audience said, "Would that Pakistan had
won against India!"
10. She said, "Let the water run until it becomes
warm."

Exercise No. 34
1. Diya said, "How beautiful this city is!"
2. She said to Sara, "How lucky you are to win
the prize!"
3. The mother said, "Would that your father
were here today!"
4. He said, "Hello! Mr. Sulman, we are very glad
to see you."
5. He said to my father, "Forgive me, please."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 57

6. She said, "I do not want to see any of you; go

away."
7. "What have you decided to do?" she said to
him.
8. I said to them, "You should revise your
lesson."
9. "Do not play on the grass, guys," said she.
10. "By God", she said, "I do not know her
nickname."

Exercise No. 35
1. The Passerby said, "What a dark night it is!"
2. He said to Sahil, "Why do you waste your
time?"
3. She said, "Brother, why do you tease me for
nothing?"
4. "This world is full of sorrow," said he, "Would
that I were dead!"
5. He said, "How delighted I am to see you,
friend!"
6. He said, "By God! No one can have accepted
such a turn of events."
7. "This is your house, isn't it?" asked Jemmie.
8. "Where do you want to be dropped?" said the
taxi driver.
9. "Call the first witness," said the judge.
10. "Come here quickly and work out this
problem on the blackboard." said the teacher.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 58

Exercise No. 36
1. I say to him, "I believe in hard work and
consistency."
2. He says to me, "We do not care about the
poor and the needy."
3. She says to her mother, "Do you know I have
fever?"
4. Asad says to her mother, "Do the rich not
help the poor?"
5. Hira says to him, "W hen do you do your
home work?"
6. I say to Maryam, "Why do not your daughter
prepare for M.A.?"
7. They say to me, "Who knocks at the door?"
8. She says to him, "Who does not take interest
in studies?"
9. He says to me, 'I do believe in one God."
10. The beggar says to him, "I need food for my
kids."

Exercise No. 37
1. She will say to her teacher, "I take my classes
regularly."
2. They will say, 'We do not make a noise in the
class, sir."
3. The thief will say, "I have not stolen any thing,
sir."
4. He will say to me, "My friends do not go on
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 59

French leave."
5. The mother will say, "I always pray for the
success of my son."
6. The jailer will say, "Soldiers, you are my lions
to face any danger."
7. The vendor will say, "People, I request you to
buy my articles."
8. I will say, "My dear students, you must
concentrate on your studies."
9. She will say to him, "Fool, you cannot
understand what to do next."
10. My mother will say, "you should advise your
students to obey elders."

Exercise No. 38
1. He said, "I wrote a new book on grammar
rules this month."
2. I said, "We did not show any misconduct in
the class."
3. S h e sa i d to m e , " D i d yo u ta k e cl a ss
yesterday, sir?"
4. They said, "Did you not post all invitations to
the people?"
5. She said to Saira, "When did he take charge
of the office?"
6. Zoha said to her, "Why didn't you stay in
hostel during your stay in Lahore?"
7. She said, "I was busy in work when I did not
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 60

pick your call."

8. The Quaid said, "It was raining when the
murderer opened the fire."
9. She said to them, "I was child when my
mother passed away."
10. The principal said, 'Mr. Ali did not mark the
papers in time last month."

Exercise No. 39
1. Hina said, 'I was making breakfast for my
children."
2. Ali said to them, "I am planning to move to
Lahore these days."
3. The teacher said to the students, "You cannot
cheat me thus."
4. The boy said, "He will not come today
because he is ill."
5. The client would say, "I may not come here
again because of your misbehaviour."
6. I said, "You need not mind it, sir, you are my
valuable client."
7. He said, "I used to play marbles when I was
child."
8. I said, "It has been raining, that is why, I could
not come."
9. She said to him, "She may not like to go with
you next time."
10. Zarin said, "My husband is dead, I were dead
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 61

too."

Exercise No. 40
1. He said, "He will have completed his project
by the next month."
2. The shopkeeper said, "I will charge five
hundred rupees for this article."
3. The teacher said to them, "Charity begins at
home."
4. They said to me, "Time and tide wait for
none."
5. I said to them, "You plan to fail if you fail to
plan."
6. "Madam I am sorry to hear about your
mother," she said to her.
7. The landlord said to him, "You are to vacate
my house before this Friday."
8. The widow said to the banker, "I request you
to release my pension."
9. The tortoise said, "Dear hare, I believe I will
defeat you."
10. Toba said, "Dear mother, I shall not go there
without you."

Exercise No. 41
1. The candidate said, "Can I submit my
application tomorrow?"
2. The offier said, "Soldiers, you will leave no
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 62

stone unturned to defeat enemy."

3. He said to the killer, "I request you, do not kill
me for my kids."
4. The mother said to the doctor, "Sir, my son is
used to taking drinks these days."
5. The lady said to the officer, "Sir, No body took
action on my application."
6. The injured said, "Is there any one that can
take me to the hospital?"
7. The students said, "Will you deliver lecture on
agreement mistakes tomorrow, sir?"
8. The King said to the minister, "Why have you
not executed my orders?"
9. He said to the teacher, "What happened
when the wandering star came nearer and
nearer to the sun?"
10. He said to the students, "How, when and why
this happened, we do not know."

Exercise No. 42
1. The teacher, "Feel that the entire opportunity
which the college has to offer is passed
away."
2. I said to them, 'Write a note on the better
sanitary conditions available in our cities."
3. She said to her students, "Do not stuff your
head with things you do not understand."
4. He said, "Give as many examples as you can
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 63

to show that he was feeling lost in the bank."

5. He said, "I would not do it if I were you."
6. She said to him, "Do you remember the way
your mother gave you goo d pi eces of
advice?"
7. I said to her, "Do not rake up the past,
madam."
8. Dr. Faustus said, "Do not sell your soul to the
devil for the trash of this world."
9. Ahmad said to Aslam, "Do not buy this old
car, it will cause loss of money."
10. She said, "What a heart rending incident he
told us!"

Exercise No. 43
1. He said, "Do not let children play in the sun."
2. The saint said, "Do not let your desires
enslave you."
3. The officer said to the guard, "Do not let the
strikers enter the office premises."
4. She said, "Alas! my cousin deceived me and
grabbed my money."
5. Ahad said, "Would that I were able to help my
poor relatives!"
6. Zara said to Asma, "How pale you look to
me?"
7. She said to me, "How hard working Zain is!"
8. She said, "O, that! I were not so helpless
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 64

after the death of my husband."

9. I said to her, "May your son pass C.S.S exam
this year."
10. He said to the cruel King, "May your cruelty
reverse you the same!"

Exercise No. 44
1. She said, "Let us determine to strengthen
Pakistan."
2. The leader said, "Do not let the corrupt
people run from the country."
3. Samina said, "What a change is prevailing in
Pakistan!"
4. The manager said, "Do not let the senior
citizen stand in lines."
5. The teacher said to the students, let us
discuss all the main characters of the novel."
6. The host said to the guest, "Can you explain
the foreign policy of your Government?"
7. She said to Bano, "Will your father come to
entomb your dead mother?"
8. The captain said, "Players, buck up! you are
performing well."
9. "How wonderful! Why did not you suggest
this plan earlier," said he.
10. He said to me, "What a pity you missed such
an important meeting!"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 65

Exercise No. 45
1. "Come here quickly and work out this
problem on the blackboard," said the teacher.
2. He said, "Sit down here and don't move until I
allow you."
3. "Where is the boat? Hurry up we are being
chased," she said.
4. He said, "Let us wait till the road gets
cleared."
5. Ali said to me, "I must go to Lahore next
week to visit my ailing mother."
6. Tom said to Jack, "Why didn't you go to the
games!" Jack said, "I do not have enough
money for the ticket."
7. Sarah said to me, "W here will they be
tomorrow around 3 O'clock?"
8. He said to the students, "Hand it all! can you
not do it more neatly?"
9. The principal said to the teachers, "How is it
possible to minimise the ratio of failure?"
10. The teacher said to the boys, "Work hard if
you want to get good scores in exams."

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 66

6. Quiz Exercises
Exercise No. 1
1. Tom says to him, "I am fit for this job."
Tom tells him that ____ is fit for this job.
(a) tom (b) him
(c) he (d) they
2. She says to Anam, "You are my best
friend."
She tells Anam that _____ is her best
friend.
(a) I (b) she
(c) you (d) anam
3. I say to him, "He is not sincere to you."
I tell him that _____ is not sincere to him.
(a) he (b) you
(c) I (d) we
4. The student says to his teacher, "I was ill."
The student tells his teacher that _____
was ill.
(a) the student (b) his teacher
(c) the (d) he
5. He says to his friend, "We were not
present there."
He tells his friend that ______ were not
present there.
(a) they (b) we
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 67

(c) he (d) his friend

6. Hira says to her friend, "I can speak
English."
Hira tells her friend that she _____ speak
English.
(a) could (b) should
(c) can (d) must
7. He says to his wife, "I do not feel fit."
He tells his wife that he _____ feel fit.
(a) do not (b) does not
(c) did not (d) felt
8. I say to my teacher, "I am teaching English
now."
I tell my teacher that I _____ teaching
English now.
(a) was (b) shall
(c) am (d) do
9. My daughter says to me, "I have done my
home work."
My daughter tells me that she _____ done
her home work.
(a) will have (b) has
(c) have (d) had
10. He says to his master, "It has been raining
since morning."
He tells his master that it _____ raining
since morning.
(a) have been (b) had been
(c) has been (d) is
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 68

KEY
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)

Exercise No. 2
1. She says to her friend, "My son will leave
for Karachi Tomorrow."
She tells her friend that her son _____
leave for Karachi tomorrow.
(a) left (b) leave
(c) leaves (d) will
2. I say to the shopkeeper, "You gave short
measure."
I tell the shopkeeper that he ______ short
measure.
(a) gave (b) has given
(c) is giving (d) was giving
3. The teacher says to him, "Your son was
not preparing for the exams."
The teacher tells him that his son _____
not preparing for the exams.
(a) had been (b) is
(c) was (d) has been
4. She says to me, "We had changed our
residence from here."
She tells me that they _____ changed their
residence from here.
(a) will have (b) had
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 69

(c) have (d) were

5. The teacher says to us, "You will be able
to solve this question."
The teacher tells us that we _____ be able
to solve this question.
(a) shall (b) will
(c) would (d) should
6. He says to his friends, "We ought to
respect our teachers."
He tells his friends that they ______
respect their teachers.
(a) shall (b) should
(c) must (d) ought to
7. Ali says to his friend, "I was used to
smoking cigarette."
Ali tells his friend that he __ ___ to
smoking cigarette."
(a) am used to (b) were used to
(c) was used to (d) is used to
8. He says to Aslam, "He had better leave
this place."
He tells Aslam that he ______ this place.
(a) had better leave (b) had better leaving
(c) had better left (d) had better leaved
9. She says to me, "I can not help taking
coffee."
She tells me that she cannot _____ coffee.
(a) help taken (b) help take
(c) helped take (d) help taking
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 70

10. I say to Danish, "I would rather you took a

taxi to reach home."
I tell Danish that I would rather he _____ a
taxi to reach home.
(a) took (b) take
(c) has taken (d) takes
KEY
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (a)

Exercise No. 3
1. He said to me, "OK, I will convey your
message to him."
He told me that _____ would convey my
message to him.
(a) ok, he (b) he
(c) I (d) ok, I
2. Amara said to me, "Sir, can I have off
tomorrow?"
Amara asked me _____ she could have off
the next day.
(a) respectfully (b) respectfully sir, that
(c) respectfully that (d) respectfully if
3. I said to them, "Well, I shall think over this
offer."
I told them _____ I would think over that
offer.
(a) that well (b) well, that
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 71

(c) that (d) would that

4. He said to Amara, "Do you plan for C.S.S,
Madam?"
He aksed Amara respectfully if she ____
for C.S.S.
(a) planned (b) plan did
(c) was planned (d) could plan
5. I said to the students, "Do not shirk work."
I advised the students _____ shirk work.
(a) do not (b) do not to
(c) not to (d) not to do
6. The girl said to her mother, "Button up my
shirt."
The girl ______ her mother to button up
her shirt.
(a) ordered (b) requested
(c) told (d) said to
7. The old woman said to the policeman,
"Help me, please."
The old woman requested the police man
to help her_______
(a) please . (b) , please
(c) ( . ) (d) , please.
8. The principal said to the student, "Come
with your parents tomorrow."
The principal ______ the student to come
with his parents the next day.
(a) ordered (b) said to
(c) requested (d) told
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 72

9. The husband said to his wife, "Do not

cross limits."
The husband ______ his wife to cross
limits.
(a) do not (b) not to
(c) requested (d) forbade
10. Ibrahim said to his mother, "Who will
come to teach me?"
Ibrahim asked his mother _______ would
come to teach him.
(a) who (b) by whom
(c) that who (d) if who
KEY
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (a)

Exercise No. 4
1. The chemist said to me, "Right, I can
understand your problem."
The chemist told me _______ he could
understand my problem.
(a) that right (b) right that
(c) that (d) right,
2. Hira said to her brother, "May you get well
soon!"
Hira prayed for her brother that he might
______ soon.
(a) got (b) get well
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 73

(c) get (d) had gotton

3. People said, "The corrupt politicians, may
you go to hell!"
People _________ the corrupt politicians
that they might go to hell.
(a) cursed (b) prayed for
(c) prayed (d) cursed for
4. Susan said to Clark, "Ok, I will reach your
office in time."
Susan told clark that _____ she would
reach his office in time.
(a) none (b) ok
(c) ok, (d) that ok
5. She said to him, "Good bye."
She ______ good bye to him.
(a) said to (b) said
(c) told him (d) told
6. Students said, "You are absolutely right,
sir."
Students said respectfully that I was
absolutely ______.
(a) right (b) honorable
(c) none (d) absolute right
7. I said, "Mr. Fahad, you should get up early
in the morning."
I told ________ that he should get up early
in the morning.
(a) none. (b) him
(c) you (d) Mr. Fahad
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 74

8. Students said to their teacher, "Good

morning, sir."
Students _______ their teacher
respectfully.
(a) greeted (b) good morning
(c) told (d) said to
9. The juniors said, "Farewell, our dear
friends."
The juniors ______ farewell to their dear
friends.
(a) said to (b) forbade
(c) bade (d) told to
10. I said to Asad, "Yes, I will stand by you."
I told Asad that ______ stand by him.
(a) I would (b) I shall
(c) I will (d) I can
KEY
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)

Exercise No. 5
1. Alina said to me, "Do not let him enter the
class room."
Alina persuaded me ______ let him enter
the class room.
(a) do not (b) that to
(c) not to (d) do not to
2. She said to the clerk, "Let my son submit
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 75

his application."
She requested the clerk that her son
______ to submit his application.
(a) let might allow (b) might allow
(c) to let might allow (d) might be allowed
3. Navid said to him, "Let us go to Murree."
Navid _____ him that they should go to
Murree.
(a) proposed to (b) proposed
(c) requested (d) suggested to
4. Fahad said to his mother, "Let me buy new
toys."
Fahad _______ his mother that he might
be allowed to buy new toys.
(a) proposed (b) requested
(c) suggested (d) ordered
5. The mother said to Asad, "Bravo! You are
doing well."
The mother ______ Asad saying that he
was doing well.
(a) asked (b) requested
(c) applauded (d) suggested
6. The officer said to the soldiers, "Buck up!
you are my lions."
The officer _______ the soldiers that they
were his lions.
(a) ordered (b) encouraged
(c) asked (d) requested
7. He said, "What an idea you gave me!"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 76

He exclaimed with wonder that I had given

him ________ idea.
(a) a great (b) great
(c) very (d) very great
8. She s aid, "H ow hands om e Fahad is
looking!"
She exclaimed with wonder that Fahad
was looking ________ handsome.
(a) a great (b) great
(c) very great (d) very
9. She said to her brother, "May you enjoy
good status."
She prayed for her brother that _______
enjoy good status.
(a) he may (b) you might
(c) he might (d) he might have
10. Alina said to Amara, "Would that you were
my sister!"
Alina wished for Amara that ______ had
been her sister.
(a) she was (b) she were
(c) she is (d) she
KEY
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Exercise No. 6
1. He said to me, "We love Pakistan."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 77

He told me that ______ love Pakistan.

(a) he (b) I
(c) we (d) they
2. I said to them, "You should concentrate on
your studies."
I told them that _______ should
concentrate on their studies."
(a) you (b) we
(c) they (d) I
3. We said to her, "He is not sincere to you."
We told her that ______ was not sincere to
her.
(a) we (b) he
(c) you (d) she
4. He said, "You are very brave person."
He said that _______ was very brave
person.
(a) I (b) he
(c) you (d) we
5. Fahad said, "Your father is very hard
working teacher."
Fahad said that ______ father was very
hard working teacher.
(a) your (b) my
(c) his (d) their
6. They said, "He cannot invite you to the
party."
They said that he could not invite _____ to
the party.
(a) them (b) him
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 78

(c) us (d) me
7. He says to his friends, "We will not go
there."
He tells his friends that they _____ not go
there.
(a) will (b) would
(c) should (d) must
8. Maryam will say to her husband, "I cannot
eat anything."
Maryam will tell her husband that she ____
not eat anything.
(a) can (b) could
(c) could not (d) cannot
9. The teacher said, "No one can avert the
decree of fate."
The teacher said that no one ____ avert
the decree of fate.
(a) cannot (b) could
(c) could not (d) can
10. He says to his wife, "We will buy a new
house next year."
He tells his wife that they ______ buy a
new house next year.
(a) would (b) should
(c) will (d) shall
KEY
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 79

Exercise No. 7
1. The student said, "I will complete my work
tomorrow."
The student said that he would complete
his work ______.
(a) the next day (b) the previous day
(c) in two days time (d) tomorrow
2. Yasmin said to her, "We cannot go to the
market today."
Yasmin told her that they could not go to
the market _______.
(a) this day (b) next day
(c) that day (d) yesterday
3. The clerk said to the old lady, "Your
pension did not come last month."
The clerk told the lady that her pension
had not come ______
(a) the previous month (b) this month
(c) the next month (d) the following month
4. The student said, "I cannot buy these
notes, sir."
The student said respectfully that he could
not buy _______.
(a) these notes (b) this notes
(c) the notes (d) that notes
5. She said to her husband, "We shall take
dinner in PC Hotel tonight."
She told her husband that they would take
dinner in PC Hotel ________.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 80

(a) the coming night (b) the previous night

(c) the following night (d) that night
6. He said, "My father died the day before
yesterday."
He said that his father had died ________.
(a) two days before (b) the previous day
(c) yesterday (d) the next day
7. The patient said to the doctor, "I feel, I am
recovering now."
The patient told the doctor that he felt he
was recovering _____.
(a) just now (b) then
(c) than (d) thus
8. I said to the students, "I will conduct test
on essay writing next week."
I told the students that I would conduct
test on essay writing ________.
(a) the following week (b) the next week
(c) this week (d) last week
9. She said to me, "This is my new house, I
live here now."
She told me that _______ was her new
house she lived there then.
(a) this (b) it
(c) that (d) these
10. The man said to the Passenger, "I never
saw any traveler coming hither."
The man told the passenger that he had
never seen any traveler coming ______.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 81

(a) hitter (b) here

(c) thither (d) there
KEY
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)
6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)

Exercise No. 8
1. The driver said to the passenger, "Where
are you to reach?"
The driver _______ the passenger where
he was to reach.
(a) asked (b) told
(c) questions (d) inquires of
2. The candidate said to the interviewer,
"May I come in, sir?"
The candidate asked the interviewer
respectfully _____ he might come in.
(a) weather (b) that
(c) than (d) if
3. The boss said to the clerk, "When will the
training session start?"
The boss asked the clerk ______ the
training session would start.
(a) when (b) it
(c) whetter (d) that
4. The vender said to people, "Who will buy
my products?"
The vender asked people _______ his
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 82

products.
(a) who will (b) who would
(c) who shall (d) whom to
5. The woman said to the shopkeeper, "Can I
get any concession?"
The woman asked the shopkeeper if _____
get any concession.
(a) can she (b) could she
(c) she could (d) she can
6. The officer said to the candidate, "Have
you dropped C.V in my office?"
The officer asked the candidate whether
________ dropped C.V in his office.
(a) he had (b) had he
(c) he has (d) has he
7. The mother said to her son, "Did you take
your lunch at the recess time?"
The mother asked her son if _____ his
lunch at the recess time.
(a) he took (b) did he take
(c) he had taken (d) he has taken
8. The oldman said to the guard, "Let me
enter the office."
The oldman _____ the guard to let him
enter the office.
(a) requested (b) ordered
(c) advised (d) persuaded
9. He said to his boss, "Let me understand
your instructions, sir."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 83

He requested his boss respectfully ______

understand his instructions.
(a) not to let him (b) to let him
(c) him to let (d) not to let
10. Priya said to Honey, "Let us buy tickets to
watch movie."
Priya proposed to Honey that they _____
buy tickets to watch movie.
(a) should (b) must
(c) may (d) can
KEY
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)

Exercise No. 9
1. "Hurrah!", said the captain of the team, we
won the match."
The captain of the team exclaimed with
______ that they had won the match.
(a) wonder (b) joy
(c) sorrow (d) suprise
2. They say, "Is this the right time to arrive?
Aren't you forgetting something?"
They asked if that was the right time to
arrive and _______ I was not forgetting
something.
(a) so (b) that
(c) whether (d) what
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 84

3. The boy said, "Alas! I could not pass my

examination."
The boy confessed with _______ that he
could not pass his examination.
(a) wonder (b) joy
(c) surprise (d) grief
4. "What a lovely evening!", said Farhana.
Farhana exclaimed with joy that it was a
______ lovely evening.
(a) very (b) great
(c) half (d) complete
5. He said, "Sit down over here and don't
move until I allow you."
He _______ to sit down over there and not
to move until he allowed me.
(a) requested (b) ordered
(c) suggested (d) advised
6. "Don't blame him for the accident," the
boy's mother said.
The boy's mother _________ to blame him
for the accident.
(a) forbade (b) asked
(c) requested (d) refused
7. He said to me, "What a pity! you missed
such an important meeting."
He declared me ______ that I had missed a
very important meeting.
(a) sorrowfully (b) surprisingly
(c) hopefully (d) decently
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 85

8. He said, "Let's wait till the road gets

cleared."
He suggested that they ______ wait till the
road got cleared.
(a) would (b) must
(c) should (d) ought to
9. Fahad said, "I must go to Lahore next
week to visit my ailing mother."
Fahad said that he must go to Lahore on
_____ to visit his ailing mother.
(a) the following week
(b) the previous week
(c) the last week
(d) the running week
10. He said, "By God! No one can have
expected such a turn of events."
He exclaimed with _______ that no one
could have expected such a turn of
events.
(a) surprise (b) wonder
(c) an oath (d) joy
KEY
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c)

Exercise No. 10
1. They said to him, "Good! He has done
well."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 86

They applauded him ________ that he had

done well.
(a) and said (b) to say
(c) saying (d) to said
2. "How delighted I am," said he, "to meet my
friends here by my own fireside"
He exclaimed with wonder that he was
_______ delighted to meet his friends
there by his own fireside.
(a) much (b) great
(c) more (d) very
3. "What a loss," cried he, "have I suffered!
What anguish have I edured!"
He exclaimed with sorrow that he had
suffered much from loss and had endured
a _________ anguish.
(a) very (b) much
(c) great (d) more
4. The king said to the queen, "If I die, take
care of my people."
The king ______ the queen to take care of
his people if he died.
(a) advised (b) ordered
(c) Requested (d) proposed to
5. "By God," he said, "I do not know his
name."
He ______ that he did not know his name.
(a) swear (b) an oath
(c) sworn (d) swore
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 87

6. He said, "How foolish I have been!"

He _____ that he had been very foolish.
(a) repented (b) thought
(c) confessed (d) supposed
7. He said, "Did she go away yesterday?"
He asked whether she had gone away
_______.
(a) the next day (b) the previous day
(c) the first day (d) the last day
8. He said, "May I open the window? It is
rather hot in here."
He asked if he might open the window it
was _______ hot in there.
(a) that (b) weather
(c) if (d) rather
9. They said, "Bravo! Imran, what a shot."
They _______ Imran that it was a great
shot.
(a) ordered (b) advised
(c) encouraged (d) suggested
10. "Do you really come from Amercia? How
do you feel in Pakistan?" said I to the
stranger.
I asked the stranger if he really came from
America and _________ felt in Pakistan.
(a) how he (b) how did he
(c) how much he (d) how felt he
KEY
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (a)

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 88

7. Multiple Choice Exercises (MCQs)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 1

 Tick () the correct choice.

1. He says to me, "I am your class fellow."
(a) He tells me that he was my class fellow.
(b) He tells me that I am your class fellow.
(c) He tells me that he is your class fellow.
(d) He tells me that he is my class fellow.
2. I say to him, "You are not my student."
(a) I tell him that you are not my student.
(b) I say to him that he was not my student.
(c) I tell him that he is not my student.
(d) I tell to him that he is not my student.
3. S h e s a ys to h i m , " D i d yo u b u y ne w
clothes?"
(a) She tells him that you bought new clothes.
(b) She asks him if he bought new clothes.
(c) She asked him that he has bought new
clothes.
(d) She told him if he had bought new clothes.
4. Danish says to me, "Will they not help
you?"
(a) Danish asks me whether they will not help
me.
(b) Danish asked me whether they will not
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 89

help you.
(c) Danish told me whether they will not help
me
(d) Danish says to me if they would not help
you.
5. The teacher says to them, "Who has broken
this glass?"
(a) The teacher asked them who has broken
this glass.
(b) The teacher asks them who has broken
this glass.
(c) The teacher asked them who has broken
that glass.
(d) The teacher asks them if who has broken
this glass.
6. She says to Umar, "Why have you not learnt
lesson?"
(a) She said to Umar why you have not learnt
lesson.
(b) She asked Umar if why he has not learnt
lesson.
(c) She asks Umar why he has not learnt
lesson.
(d) She asked Umar why he has not learnt
lesson.
7. Mrs. Qazi says to me, "Whom do you teach
English?"
(a) Mrs. Qazi says to me whom I do teach
English.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 90

(b) Mrs. Qazi asks me whom I teach English.

(c) Mrs. Q az i ask ed m e whom I t au ght
English.
(d) Mrs. Qazi asked me whom did I teach
English.
8. T h e m o t he r s a ys t o h e r s o n , " W o r k
regularly."
(a) The mother advises her son to work
regularly.
(b) The mother tells her son to work regularly.
(c) The m o the r o rde rs her so n t o work
regularly.
(d) The mother requires her son to work
regularly.
9. She says to him, "Do not tell a lie."
(a) She requested him to not tell a lie.
(b) She asked him do not tell a lie.
(c) She ordered him not to tell a lie.
(d) She advises him not to tell a lie.
10. The father says, "Do not make a noise, my
son."
(a) The father advises not to make a noise, my
son.
(b) The father ordered not to make a noise,
my son.
(c) The father advises his son not to make a
noise.
(d) The father advises my son not to make a
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 91

noise.
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 2

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. I said to her, "You are my neighbor."
(a) I told her that you are my neighbor.
(b) I said to her that you were my neighbor.
(c) I said to her that she is my neighbor.
(d) I told her that she was my neighbor.
2. She said to me, "You were not my class
fellow."
(a) She told me that I had not been her class
fellow.
(b) She said to me that she had not been my
class fellow.
(c) She told me that I was not your class fellow.
(d) She told me that she was never my class
fellow.
3. I said to him, "I shall not see you this
evening."
(a) I said to him that I should not see you that
evening.
(b) I told him that I would not see him that
evening.
(c) I told him that I should not see you that
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 92

evening.
(d) I said to him that I would not see him this
evening.
4. Zoha said to Umar, "Do you go there these
days?"
(a) Zoha asked Umar whether he went there
those days.
(b) Zoha asked Umar if he did go there those
days.
(c) Zoha inquired Umar whether he goes there
those days.
(d) Zoha inquired of Umar if he had gone there
these days.
5. She said to Danish, "When do you celebrate
your birthday?"
(a) She asked of Danish when he did celebrate
his birthday.
(b) She asked Danish when he had celebrated
his birthday.
(c) She inquired Danish when he celebrated his
birthday.
(d) She inquired of Danish when he celebrated
his birthday.
6. You said to me, "Why have they not helped
you?"
(a) You asked me why theyhave not helped me.
(b) You asked me why they had not helped you.
(c) You inquired of me why they had not helped
me.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 93

(d) You inquired me why they have not helped

you.
7. I said to them, "Please show me the right
way."
(a) I inquired them to show me the right way.
(b) I requested them to show me the right way.
(c) I questioned them to show me the right way.
(d) I asked them to show me the right way.
8. The principal said to the peon, "Ring the
bell."
(a) The principal ordered the peon to ring the
bell.
(b) The principal advised to peon to ring the
bell.
(c) The principal asked the peon to ring the bell.
(d) The principal requested the peon to ring the
bell.
9. The mother said, "Never tell a lie, my son."
(a) The mother advised her son never to tell a
lie.
(b) The mother advised never to tell a lie, my
son.
(c) The mother ordered her son to never tell a
lie.
(d) The mother advised her son to never tell a
lie.
10. My brother said, "Do not sit idle, Umar."
(a) My brother said not to sit idle, Umar.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 94

(b) My brother advised not to sit idle, Umar.

(c) My brother forbade Umar to sit idle.
(d) My brother required Umar not to sit idle.
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (c)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 3

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. Danish said to him, "Let me learn summary."
(a) Danish suggested him that he should learn
summary.
(b) Danish proposed to him to let me learn
summary.
(c) Danish persuaded him to let me learn
summary.
(d) Danish requested him to let him learn
summary.
2. She said to me, "Do not let Umar watch T.V."
(a) She suggested me that Umar should not
watch T.V.
(b) She proposed to me that Umar should not
watch T.V.
(c) She persuaded me not to let Umar watch
T.V.
(d) She requested me not let Umar watch T.V.
3. Diya said to me, "Let me go home."
(a) Diya told me that let her go home.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 95

(b) Diya requested me that she might be

allowed to go home.
(c) Diya suggested me that she should be
allowed to go home.
(d) Diya proposed to me that she should go
home.
4. Hina said to me, "Do not let her go home."
(a) Hina persuaded me not to let her go home.
(b) Hina requested me that not let her go home.
(c) Hina proposed me not to let her go home.
(d) Hina suggested me that not to let her go
home.
5. I said to Diya, "Do not let them quarrel."
(a) I advised Diya that do not let them quarrel.
(b) I proposed to Diya not let them quarrel.
(c) I suggested Diya not to let them quarrel.
(d) I persuaded Diya not to let them quarrel.
6. I said to her, "Let us go for a walk."
(a) I proposed to her that they should go for a
walk.
(b) I requested her that we should go for a walk.
(c) I suggested her that we should go for a walk.
(d) I persuaded her that they should go for a
walk.
7. He said to him, "Let us start a new business."
(a) He proposed to him let they start new
business.
(b) He proposed to him that they should start a
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 96

new business.
(c) He proposed to him that they shall start a
new business.
(d) He poposed to him that we should start a
new business.
8. Norma said to Arthur, "Let us buy a new car."
(a) Norma suggested Arthur that they should
buy a new car.
(b) Norma persuaded Arthur that they should
buy a new car.
(c) Norma advised Arthur that they should buy a
new car.
(d) Norma requested Arthur that they should
buy a new car.
9. He said to his wife, "Let us plan for our
future."
(a) He requested his wife that they should plan
for their future.
(b) He suggested his wife to let us plan for our
future.
(c) He requested his wife that they should plan
for their future.
(d) He proposed to his wife that they should
plan for their future.
10. She said to him, "Let us see the Rector."
(a) She proposed him to let us see the Rector.
(b) She persuaded him to let us see the Rector.
(c) She suggested him that they should see the
Rector.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 97

(d) She requested him that they should see the

Rector.
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 4

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. Danish said, "Hurrah! I have succeeded."
(a) Danish exclaimed with sorrow that he has
succeeded.
(b) Danish exclaimed with surprise that he had
succeeded.
(c) Danish exclaimed with wonder that he has
succeeded.
(d) Danish exclaimed with joy that he had
succeeded.
2. She said, "Alas! I have lost my cell phone."
(a) She exclaimed with wonder that she had lost
her cell phone.
(b) She exclaimed with joy that she has lost her
cell phone.
(c) She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost
her cell phone.
(d) She exclaimed with pain that she has lost
her cell phone.
3. He said to me, "What a fool Sadia is!"
(a) He exclaimed with joy that Sadia was a great
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 98

fool.
(b) He exclaimed with wonder that Sadia was a
great fool.
(c) He exclaimed with sorrow that Sadia is a
great fool.
(d) He exclaimed with surprise that Sadia had a
great fool.
4. She said, "How foolish Hamid proved!"
(a) She exclaimed with surprise that Hamid had
proved a great foolish.
(b) She exclaimed with sorrow that Hamid has
proved a great foolish.
(c) She exlaimed with joy that Hamid was
proved a great foolish.
(d) She exclaimed with wonder that Hamid has
proved a great foolish.
5. I said, "Bravo! She has given good results."
(a) I applauded her that she has given good
results.
(b) I applauded her saying that she had given
good results.
(c) I applauded her that she had given good
resutls.
(d) I applauded her that she had given good
results.
6. She said, "Alas! My only son has died."
(a) She exclaimed with joy that her only son had
died.
(b) She exclaimed with regret that her only son
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 99

has died.
(c) She exclaimed with sorrow that her only son
had died.
(d) She exclaimed with pain that her only son
has died.
7. The captain said, "Hurrah! We have won the
match."
(a) The captain exclaimed with disgust that they
had won the match.
(b) The captain exclaimed with joy that they had
won the match.
(c) The captain exclaimed with surprise that
they have won the match.
(d) The captain exclaimed with sorrow that they
had won the match.
8. Umar said, "What a lovely scene it is!"
(a) Umar exclaimed with surprise that the scene
was very lovely.
(b) Umar exclaimed with disgust that the scene
was very lovely.
(c) Umar exclaimed with sorrow that the scene
is very lovely.
(d) Umar exclaimed with wonder that it was a
very lovely scene.
9. The traveler said, "What a dark night it is!"
(a) The traveler exclaimed with wonder that it
was a very dark night.
(b) The traveler exclaimed with pain that it was
a very dark night.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 100

(c) The traveler exclaimed with disgust that it

was very dark night.
(d) The taveler exclaimed with wonder that it is
a very dark night.
10. Diya said, "Hurrah! My friend has come."
(a) Diya exclaimed with pain that her friend has
come.
(b) Diya exclaimed with surprise that her friend
has come.
(c) Diya exclaimed with joy that her friend had
come.
(d) Diya exclaimed with regret that her friend
has come.
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (c)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 5

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. Sara said, "May he be elected!"
(a) Sara curse that may he be elected.
(b) Sara cursed that he might be selected.
(c) Sara prayed that may he be elected.
(d) Sara prayed that he might be elected.
2. Mother said, "May you live long!"
(a) Mother cursed that I might live long.
(b) Mother wished that my you live long.
(c) Mother prayed that I might live long.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 101

(d) Mother prayed that my you live long.

3. She said, "May he be ruined!"
(a) She prayed that may he be ruined.
(b) She cursed that he might be ruined.
(c) She wished that may he be ruined.
(d) She prayed that he might be ruined.
4. She said to me, "May you prosper in life!"
(a) She prayed for me, that I might prosper in
life.
(b) She prayed for me that my you prosper in
life.
(c) She cursed for me that I might prosper in
life.
(d) She cursed for me that may you prosper in
life.
5. He said to her, "May you face bad luck!"
(a) He prayed for her she might face bad luck.
(b) He cursed for her that may you face bad
luck.
(c) He prayed for her that may you face bad
luck.
(d) He cursed for her that she might face bad
luck.
6. The widow said, "O, that' I were dead!"
(a) The widow cursed that she had been dead.
(b) The widow prayed that she had been dead.
(c) The widow wished that she had been dead.
(d) The widow prayed that O, that' I were dead.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 102

7. She said, "Would that I were a rich lady!"

(a) She prayed that she had been a rich lady.
(b) She wished that she had been a rich lady.
(c) She cursed that she had been a rich lady.
(d) She wished that O, that' I were a rich lady.
8. The slave said, "O, that' I were a free man!"
(a) The slave wished that he had been a free
man.
(b) The slave prayed that he had been a free
man.
(c) The slave cursed that he had been a free
man.
(d) The slave wished O, that' I were a free man.
9. I said, "Would that my mother were alive!"
(a) I prayed that my mother had been alive.
(b) I cursed that my mother had been alive.
(c) I wished that my mother has been alive.
(d) I wished that my mother had been alive.
10. She said, "Would that it had not rained
today!"
(a) She wished that it had not rained this day.
(b) She prayed that it had not rained this day.
(c) She wished that it had not rained that day.
(d) She cursed that it had not rained this day.
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 103

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 6

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. He tells me that he is very happy.
(a) He said to me, "I was very happy."
(b) He said to me, "I am very happy."
(c) He will say to me, "I were very happy."
(d) He says to me, "I am very happy."
2. I tell him that I am in great trouble.
(a) I will say to him, "I were in great trouble."
(b) I said to him, "I shall in great trouble."
(c) I say to him, "I am in great trouble."
(d) I shall to him, 'I was in great trouble."
3. She tells me that I look quite well.
(a) She said to me, "You looked quite well."
(b) She says to me, "You look quite well."
(c) She said to me, "You look quite well."
(d) She will say to me, "You look quite well."
4. Saima tells him that he is her cousin.
(a) Saima says to him, "You are my cousin."
(b) Saima said to him, "You were my cousin."
(c) Sama said to him, "You were my cousin."
(d) Saima said to him, "You are my ccousin."
5. Danish tells her that he is her nephew.
(a) Daish said to me, "I was your nephew."
(b) Danish will say to him, "I am you nephew."
(c) Danish said to her, "I was your nephew."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 104

(d) Danish says to her, "I am your newphew."

6. Liza tells Usman that they are class fellows.
(a) Liza says to Usman, "W e we re class
fellows."
(b) Liza shall say to Usman, 'he is class fellows.
(c) Liza says to Usman, "We are class fellows."
(d) Liza s aid to Usma n, "W e we re class
fellows."
7. He tells her that they are her great
well-wisher.
(a) He shall say to her, "W e are your great
well-wisher."
(b) He will say to her, "They are your great
well-wisher."
(c) H e s a ys t o h e r , " W e a r e yo u r g r e a t
well-wisher."
(d) He s aid to he r, " W e were yo ur great
well-wisher."
8. They tell me that I am their best friend.
(a) The said to me, "They were our best friend."
(b) They say to me, "You are our best friend."
(c) They said to me, "You were our best friend."
(d) They will to me, "He was our best friend."
9. Ali and Danish tell me that they respect their
teacher.
(a) Ali and Danish say to me, "We respect our
teacher."
(b) Ali and Danish said to me, "We respect the
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 105

teacher."
(c) Ali and Danish say to me, "They respect our
teacher."
(d) Ali and Danish said to me, "We respect our
teacher."
10. She tells me that Alia and Mona are my
students.
(a) She said to me, "Ali and Mona are your
students.
(b) She shall say to me, "Alia and Mona are my
students."
(c) She said to me, "Alia and Mona were your
students."
(d) She says to me, "Alia and Mona are your
students."
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (d)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 7

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. She told me that she would stand by me.
(a) She said to me, "I will stand by you."
(b) She said to me, "I should stand by you."
(c) She said to me, "I must stand by you."
(d) She said to me, "I can stand by you."
2. Imrana told him that she liked coffee in
winter.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 106

(a) Imrana say to me, "I would like coffee in the

winter."
(b) Imrana say to me, "I will like coffee in
winter."
(c) Imrana said to him, "I like coffee in winter."
(d) Imrana said to him, "I like coffee in winter."
3. I told her that I had taught her English the
previous year.
(a) I say to her, "I have taught you English last
year."
(b) I said to her, "I taught you English last year."
(c) I said to her, "I will teach you English last
year."
(d) I said to her, "I am teach you English last
year."
4. The teacher told us that he would teach us
the next day.
(a) The teacher said to us, "I shall teach you
tomorrow."
(b) The teacher said to us, "I shall teach you
tomorrow."
(c) The teacher said to us, "I am teach you
tomorrow."
(d) The teacher said to us, "I was teach you
tomorrow."
5. He told me that I was deceiving her and him.
(a) He said to me, "You are deceiving she and
me."
(b) He said to me, "You were deceiving she and
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 107

I."
(c) She said to me, "You were deceiving her
and I."
(d) He said to me, "You are deceiving her and
me."
6. You told Maryam that she was very dear to
you.
(a) You said to Maryam, "You were very dear to
him."
(b) You said to Maryam, "You are very dear to
him."
(c) You said to Maryam, "You are very dear to
me."
(d) You said to Maryam, "You were very dear to
me."
7. She told him that she was acting upon his
advice.
(a) She said to him, "I was acting upon your
advice."
(b) She said to him, "I am acting upon your
advice."
(c) She said to him, "I were acting upon your
advice."
(d) She said to him, "I shall acting upon your
advice."
8. Noreen told her that she had learnt that poem
by heart.
(a) Noreen said to her, "I have learn this poem
by heart."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 108

(b) Noreen said to her, "I had learnt this poem

by heart."
(c) Noreen said to her, "I shall learnt this poem
by heart."
(d) Noreen said to her, "I would learnt this poem
by heart."
9. She told me that Zahid had come to join them
at dinner.
(a) She said to me, "Zahid will have join us at
dinner."
(b) She says to me, "Zahid would join us at
dinner."
(c) She said to me, "Zaid came to joined us at
dinner."
(d) She said to me, "Zahid came to join us at
dinner."
10. I told Sidra that it had been snowing on the
previous day.
(a) I said to Sidra, "It was snowing yesterday."
(b) I said to Sidra, "It will snowing yesterday."
(c) I said to Sidra, "It was snowing yesterday."
(d) I said to Sidra, "It is snowing yesterday."
ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 109

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 8

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. Moeen asked Hina if she respected him.
(a) Moeen said to Hina, "Does she respect me?"
(b) Moeen says to Hina, "Do you respect me?"
(c) Moeen said to Hina, "Did you respect me?"
(d) Moeen says, "Do you respect me, Hina?"
2. She asked him whether she had disrespected
him.
(a) She said to him, "Had I disrespect you?"
(b) She says to him, "Have I disrespect you?"
(c) She said to him, "Did I disrespect you?"
(d) She said to him, "Does she disrespect you?"
3. He asked Umar if she might not come to see
him.
(a) He said to Umar, "She may not come to see
you?"
(b) He said to Umar, "She may not come to see
him?"
(c) He said to Umar, "May she not come to see
her?"
(d) He said to Umar, "May she not come to see
you?"
4. Ali asked Sania why they ignored him.
(a) Ali said, "Why do they ignored me, Sania?"
(b) Ali said, "Why had they ignored me, Sania?"
(c) Ali said, "Why do they ignore me, Sania?"
(d) Ali said, "Why did they ignore me, Sania?"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 110

5. I asked her whom she had told that the

previous day.
(a) I said to her, "W hom is you tell him this
yesterday?"
(b) I said to her, "W hom did you tell this
yesterday?"
(c) I said to her, "W hom do they tell this
yesterday?"
(d) I said to her, "W hom were you tell this
yesterday?"
6. You asked Maya when you had not obliged
her.
(a) You said to Maya, "When had I not obliged
you?"
(b) You said to Maya, "When did I not oblige
her?"
(c) You say to Maya, "When has I not obliged
you?"
(d) You say to Maya, "When did I not obliged
you?"
7. She asked Sania who had told her about her
coming.
(a) She said to me, "W ho tell you about my
coming?"
(b) She says to me, "Who told you about my
coming?"
(c) She said to Sania, "Whom told you about my
coming?"
(d) She said to Sania, "Who told you about my
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 111

coming?"
8. Danish asked her if she could help him in that
matter.
(a) Danish said to her, "Can you help me in this
matter?"
(b) Danish said to her, "May you help me in this
matter?"
(c) Danish said to her, "Have you helped me in
this matter?"
(d) Danish said to her, "Had you helped me in
this matter?"
9. I asked them where the old man had hidden
his money.
(a) I say to them, "W here has the old man
hidden his money?"
(b) I said to them, "W here did the old man
hidden her money?"
(c) I said to them, "W here has the old man
hidden his money?"
(d) I said to them, "Where have the old man
hide his money?"
10. I asked Sadia if her husband had not been
coming that Sunday.
(a) I said to Sadia, "Where your husband not
coming this Sunday?"
(b) I said to Sadia, "W as your husband not
coming this Sunday?"
(c) I said to Sadia, "Are your husband not
coming this Sunday?"
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 112

(d) I said to Sadia, "Has her husband not

coming this Sunday?"
ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b)
6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 9

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. Sania forbade her brother to abuse others.
(a) Sania says to her brother, "Do not abuse
others."
(b) Sania says to her brother, "Do not abuse
anyone."
(c) Sania said to her brother, "Do not abuse
others."
(d) Sania says to her brother, "Do not abuse
other."
2. The beggar requested me to give him food.
(a) The beggar said to me, "Please gave me
food."
(b) The beggar said to me, "Please give me
food."
(c) The beggar says to me, "Please give me
food."
(d) The beggar said to me, "Please give you
food."
3. The mother asked her to let her open the
door.
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 113

(a) The mother said to her, 'Let open me the

door."
(b) The mother said to her, "Let my open the
door."
(c) The mother said to her, "Let I open the
door."
(d) The mother said to her, "Let me open the
door."
4. I suggested him that we should go for a long
drive.
(a) I say to him, "Let us go for a long drive."
(b) I said to him, "Let us go for a long drive."
(c) I say to him, "Let we go for a long drive."
(d) I said to him, "Let our go for a long car."
5. Tahir proposed to his wife that they should
go home then.
(a) Tahir said to his wife, "Let us go home now."
(b) Tahir ways to his wife, "Let us go home
now."
(c) Tahir said to his wife, "Let we go home
now."
(d) Tahir says to his wife, "Let we go home
now."
6. I asked Rubab that Danish might be allowed
to come in.
(a) I said to Rubab, "Let us come Danish."
(b) I say to Rubab, "Let come Danish in."
(c) I say to Rubab, "Let Danish come in."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 114

(d) I said to Rubab, "Let Danish come in."

7. The saint advised her to always follow the
right path.
(a) The saint said to her, "Always follow the right
Path."
(b) The saint says to her, "Always follow the
right path."
(c) The saint said to her, "Always follow the right
road."
(d) The saint says to her, "Always choose the
right path."
8. Shahid persuaded him not to let him take
exercise.
(a) Shahid said to me, "Do let not him take
exercise."
(b) Shahid said to me, "Do not let him take
exercise."
(c) Shahid said to him, "Do not let him take
exercise."
(d) Shahid said to him, "Do not let him take
exercise."
9. The Principal ordered the peon to close the
window then.
(a) the principal says to peon, "To close the
window now."
(b) The principal said to the peon, "Close the
window then."
(c) The principal say to the peon, "Close the
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 115

window now."
(d) The principal said to the peon, "Close the
window now."
10. Ahmed suggested Maryam that they should
go to see her mother.
(a) Ahmed said to Maryam, "Let we go to see
your mother."
(b) Ahmed says to Maryam, "Let us go to see
your mother."
(c) Ahmed said to Maryam, "let us go to see
your mother."
(d) Ahmed says to Maryam, "Let us go in see
your mother."
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)

Multiple Choice Exercise No. 10

 Tick () the correct choice.
1. Faisal exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost
his car.
(a) Faisal said, "Bravo! I lost my car."
(b) Faisal said, "Aha! I lost my car."
(c) Faisal said, "Hurrah! Lost my car."
(d) Faisal said, "Alas! I lost my car."
2. She exclaimed with surprise that Samina had
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 116

been a great fool.

(a) She said, "What a fool Samina is!"
(b) She said, "That Samina was a great fool!"
(c) She said, "How a fool Samina were!"
(d) She said, "What a fool Samina was!"
3. Samreen exclaimed with sorrow that she was
undone.
(a) Samreen said, 'Bravo! I am undone."
(b) Samreen said, "Aha! I am undone."
(c) Samreen said, "Alas! I am undone."
(d) Samreen said, "Hurrah! I am undone."
4. Safeer exclaimed with surprise that Hashim
was a great cunning.
(a) Safeer said, "How hashim cunning is!"
(b) Safeer said, "How cunning Hashim is!"
(c) Safeer said, "Who cunning Hashim is!"
(d) Safeer said, "How Hashim cunning is!"
5. Maheen exclaimed with wonder that her gait
was very charming.
(a) Maheen said, "Bravo! Her gait is very
charming."
(b) Maheen said, "How charming her gait is!"
(c) Maheen said, "Who charming her gait is!"
(d) Mah een said, " Alas! He r ga it is very
charming."
6. I a p p l a u de d U m a r s a yi n g t ha t h e ha d
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 117

performed well.
(a) I said, "Bravo! Umar, you performed well."
(b) I said, "Alas! Umar, you performed well."
(c) I said, "Hurrah! Umar did perform well."
(d) I said, "Aha! Umar was perform well."
7. She exclaimed with sorrow that the house
had been on fire.
(a) She said, "Ah! The house was on fire."
(b) She said, "Alas! The house in on fire."
(c) She said, "Hurrah! The hosue is on fire."
(d) She said, "Bravo! The house was on fire."
8. They exclaimed triumphantly that they had
won the match.
(a) They say, "O, lo! We won the match."
(b) They said, "O, that' we won the match."
(c) They said, "O, lo! We won the match."
(d) They said, "Alas! We won the match."
9. Umar exclaimed w ith joy that papa had
encouraged him that day.
(a) Umar says, "That! Papa had encouraged
him that day."
(b) Umar said, "O, that! Papa encouraged me
today."
(c) Umar said, "Alas! Papa encouraged me
today."
(d) Umar said, "Aha! Papa encouraged me
today."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 118

10. She exclaimed with joy that her brother had

passed the C.S.S. exam.
(a) She said, "Oh! My brother shall pass the
C.S.S. exam."
(b) She said, "O that'! My brother did pass the
C.S.S. exam."
(c) She said, "Hurrah! My brother has passed
the C.S.S. exam."
(d) She said, "Alas! My brother has passed the
C.S.S. exam."
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 119

8. Complex Exercises
Complex Exercise No. 1
1. "The faithful slaves of the Beneficient are they
who walk on the earth in humility." "Lo! Allah
loved not any arrogant boaster." Thus speaks
the Holy Quran, the word of God.
2. "I may die and I wish you to get united otherwise
people will kill you and if you are united, nobody
can harm you," said the farmer to his sons.
3. "Now you will indeed hate me," she said, "It is
useless to attempt to conciliate you, I know I
have made an eternal disliker of you."
4. "I am much frightened and feel unsafe here,
Danish." she said, "The night is very dark and
there is thundering of clouds also."
5. "Well, I will be getting along you," she said. "I did
not know that you love me madly and I shall say
every bit to my friends tomorrow."
6. "How clever I am!" Nadeem said, "All my life I
have been driving my car without getting a
driving license but was never fined."
7. "One of my class fellows sent me some pictures
of school life this week." He said, "Look here,
there the snap of our respected teacher Sir
Muhammad Yousef."
8. "You have got no right to interrupt me," she said
to me, "You cannot prevent me from going
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 120

anywhere if once I decide to. You cannot force

me to go with you."
9. Safeer said to Ayesha, "Who operated upon your
father and how is he now? What do you predict
now? Can he walk or not yet?"
10. The New Testament says, "Whosoever shall
exalt himself shall be abased; whosoever shall
smile there on right cheek, turn to him the other
also."

Complex Exercise No. 2

1. "Mother," he said, "Whatever you do, you will
always be dear to me. But one thing I have a
right to say, that at my age I am old enough to
know what is best for me."
2. "Sir, I am a poor creature and you are the king of
the forests. If you take pity on me and let me go,
I shall be able to do you a kindness some time or
another in life." The mouse said to the lion.
3. "I seem to my self like a child," said Newton,
"Playing on the sea shore and picking up here
and there a curious shell or pretty pebble, while
the boundless ocean of truth undiscovered
before me."
4. Peterkin said gravely, "Do you believe in ghosts
Ralph?" "No," Ralph answered, "I do not,
nevertheless, I must confess that strange,
unaccountable sounds, such as we have just
heard, make me feel a little uneasy."
5. If a person ha s lea rnt to work and think
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 121

independently, he will certainly adapt himself to

progress and changes than the person whose
training principally consists in acquiring detailed
knowledge." To the listeners, said Einstein.
6. Elizabeth said to the king, "Has this Majesty any
doubt of this man's guilt? There is the very sword
with which he meant to kill you. How sharp and
bright and terrible it is! Quick let him taste the
milk or he may perhaps do the deed even yet."
7. "Sir we have heard a lot about your good self,
your nobility, your piety, your hospitality, your
generosity, your cultured refined and elegant
way, your ancient and ennobled family and that
we have come just to see all this with our own
eyes." said they.
8. "They got the money, you say? Hankins, what
were they after? More money. I supposes?" said
he, 'No sir, not money I think," replied Hankins,
"In fact, sir, I believe I have the thing in
breast-pocket. To tell you the truth, I should like
to get it put in safety."
9. "Sir, I want to work. May I earn a penny?" said
the boy. "Well, said the man, after a pause, "You
shall take my son home, and I will give you a
penny. Shall I give you your penny now?"
10. "What do you want to know?" the owl asked. "I
am seeking the wild goose," replied the little boy.
The owl blinked, coughed a little and said, "The
wild goose is an inhabitant of many parts of
globe. It fled westward half an hour before
sunset."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 122

Complex Exercise No. 3

1. "This hat is awful," said Mrs. Lincoln to her
husband, "Abraham, you take no notice of what I
say, and you think it does not matter. A man like
you ought to think a little about how it looks, but
you showed great disinterest."
2. "But this boy chips; are you going to sack him?"
said Cathie. "The head master probably will,
when I tell him," said Chips. "And are you going
to tell the headmaster?" asked she. "It must,
because it is my duty." said Chips.
3. "Think about it a bit," to Chips said Kathie, "Is it
not possible to think over it a while? I mean to
talk the boy again. He is a nice boy. He will feel
sorry for what he has done, give him a chance. I
am sure he will prove it."
4. "You are dishonest," said Tanzeem angrily. "Yes
I am dishonest but I have a big library," said the
clever old man. "You are honest but you do not
have even a small library what about it? How can
you prove your success?"
5. "Then," said the Cyclops to Ulysses, "This is the
kindness I shall show thee, nobody, that I will eat
the last of all your friends." Before getting this
answer Ulysses requested, 'I am in trouble.
bekind to me, O Cyclops!"
6. "You can't have it even if you want it", said the
Queen, "The rule is, jam tomorrow and jam
yesterday, but never jam today. No doubt, it is
very good jam." "Well, I do not want any today,
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 123

madam." said Alice.

7. "Why are you going away without eating the
grapes?" said the crew to the fox, "I do not want
to eat these grapes because these are sour, If I
eat them I can have sore throat, so I have
decided even not to touch them." said the fox.
8. "I happen to live opposite to the house of which
you broke the window this morning; and I saw
you slip a firework yesterday into Mr. Kamal's
letter box, even you made the tire flat of Mr.
Altaf's car today." said the man to the boy.
9. "Where are you going Mr. Rehmat?" said Mr.
Danish, "To market," answered Rehmat, "To buy
s o me ea ta b les f o r m y chi ld re n ; my wif e
demanded some medicine while my on ly
daughter requested for new clothes today."
10. "Though I have seen many troubles," replied the
old man to his boss, "yet I feel comfort now
because there is still hope in the form of my
elder son who has completed his MBA degree
this year with distinction, Sir."

Complex Exercise No. 4

1. "This is a police case," said the young man,
seizing me by jacket collar, "Are you going to run
away? Come to the police. You are a thief." "You
only gave me my money back," said I, "And
leave me alone. I am no thief and this is my own
money. Do you understand?"
2. "Let me have you as a servant for my poor
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 124

children," said the peacock to the lazy crow. The

crow said, "Do you want me to become servant,
you foolish peacock? Are you in your senses?"
"Yes, I am in my senses, it is because you are
my first choice for this purpose." said the
peacock.
3. "If the U.N.O is unable to uphold justice and
morality between India and Pakistan, where is
the guarantee that it shall be able to do so if
there is a conflict between any other bigger
power on the one side and any of the smaller
countries of Asia and Africa on the other?" said
Sultan Khan to me.
4. "Sir, there were other days when England was
t h e h o p e o f f r e e d o m . W h e n e ve r a h ig h
aspiration was entertained, or a noble blow as
struck, it was England that the eyes of the
oppressed were always turned. You talk to me of
the established traditions and policy in regard to
Turkey, I do not mind that," he said.
5. "What is this strange outcry?" said Socrates, "I
sent the woman away mainly in order that they
might not offend in this way, for I have heard that
a man should die in peace. Be quiet then, and
have patience. But to my surprise, all the
situation has taken a very queer turn and even to
nothingness."
6. The father said angrily to his sons, "Where have
you been all the time? It is now 2 O'clock. I saw
you here last at 9 O'clock in the morning. How
foolish you are! You waste all your time in
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 125

playing silly games. You are becoming careless

day by day. Go at once and change for dinner."
7. "I strongly object to this proposal. Have you
considered all that what this proposal involves?
Gentleman. I entreat you to be cautious." said
the speaker. "But Sir, this is the only solution to
tackle the breaking menace. This is because we
are the people who are responsible for all this," I
said.
8. "It should be a primary and paramount concern
of the man at helm of our affairs as well as the
scholars, educationist, political parties, N.G.Os
and national mass media to take necessary
steps of their level for the eradication of the
growing menace of corruption in the society." I
said to the students.
9. "Look here," the man said to the boy who was
struggling violently to escape, "Who are you?"
the boy said, "why do you held me in this
manner? I have done nothing to you." "no," said
the man, "you have done nothing to me, my boy;
but you have done a great deal to the other folk!"
10. "My sons," said the old man, "a great treasure
lies hidden in this state, I am about to leave you."
"where is it hidden? said the sons. "I am about to
tell you," said the old man, "I am trying to locate
the exact position where I have hidden it, I am
not sure where it is but you have to dig it for the
lost treasure."
Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 126

Complex Exercise No. 5

1. He said to me, "No, you are mistaken. I am not
that sort of man. Only I see force and fraud
everywhere. I think all is not well with the world.
Don't you think like this? If you do not, then it is
being like a bird which closes its eyes and thinks
there is no cat. The cat is there all the same."

2. The man said, "Sir, I beg your pardon. I am the

master of the old ship. You see I have been here
for the minor repairs. I had wired to my owners
that the repairs were completed and they wired
back telling me to begin my voyage. Now I have
been informed of the danger of sub marines.
What should I do, sir?"

3. I have begun my picture of yours among the

scotch first, Maggie," said Philip, "so you must let
me study your face. Please turn your head this
way." "I shall be sitting for my second portrait
then," she said smiling. "will it be larger than the
other?" "Oh yes, much larger. It is an oil painting,"
replied Philip.

4. "Do you see that large tree?" said the witch. "it is
quiet hollow within. Climb up to the top and you
will find a hole large enough for you to creep
through and in this way you will get down into the
tree. I will tie a rope round your waist, so that I
may pull you up when you call me."

5. "What a silly boy you are!" cried to Miller. "I really

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 127

do not know what the use sending you to school.

You seem not to learn anything. If little Hans
came here and saw our warm fire and our good
supper, and our great cask of wine, he might get
envious, and envy is the most terrible thing that
would spoil anybody's nature."

6. Edward explained, "Neither imperialism, nor

colonialism is a simple art of accumulation and
acquisition. It is not just a matter of getting out
there and getting a territory, and sitting on it. Both
of these practices are supported and even
impelled by impression cultural formation that
include ideas that certain territories require and
beseech domination."

7. "How will you prevent me," asked Hercules,

"from going whither I please? By hitting you with
this pine tree," shouted Antaeus, "I am fifty times
stronger than you, and now that I stamp my foot
upon the ground, I am five hundred times
stronger. So throw down your club and other
weapons." Come and take them by force."
Answered Hercules.

8. "Is this the region, this soil, the clime, this seat
that we must change for Heaven, this mournful
gloom for that celestial light? Farewell, happy
fields where joy for ever dwells, receive the new
processor. What though the field is lost, all is not
lost." Said Satan to his companions.

9. E- Sa id spoke thus, " The vast new words

Best Notes on Direct & Indirect 128

encoun tered by Eur ope an travelers were

interrupted by then through ideological filters, or
ways of seeing, provided by their own cultures
and societies, we have already seen how
travelers take in the European Renaissance
were an amalgam of fiction, attitudes received
from earlier times, and new observations."

10. "The goal of U.S. foreign policy is to bring about a

world increasingly subject to the rule of law. But it
is the United States which organizes the peace
and defines the law. The United States imposes
the international interests by setting the ground
rules for economic development and military
development across the planet." Edward said
lectured.
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