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Cryptographic Algorithm

This document summarizes different types of cryptographic algorithms including symmetric key algorithms like AES and asymmetric key algorithms like RSA. It also describes classical encryption techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. Specifically, it provides details on the Caesar cipher including how to implement it by shifting letters of the plaintext by a key value to encrypt and decrypt messages. It concludes with an example of how to conduct a brute force attack to decrypt ciphertext by trying all possible key values.

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DainikMitra
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176 views

Cryptographic Algorithm

This document summarizes different types of cryptographic algorithms including symmetric key algorithms like AES and asymmetric key algorithms like RSA. It also describes classical encryption techniques like substitution and transposition ciphers. Specifically, it provides details on the Caesar cipher including how to implement it by shifting letters of the plaintext by a key value to encrypt and decrypt messages. It concludes with an example of how to conduct a brute force attack to decrypt ciphertext by trying all possible key values.

Uploaded by

DainikMitra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cryptographic

Algorithms
Types of Algorithm
• Secret Key (Symmetric Key) Algorithm
• Public Key (Asymmetric Key) Algorithm
Secret Key Cryptography
• Using a single key for encryption/decryption.
• The plaintext and the cipher text having the same
size

 DES (Data Encryption Standard)

 3DES (Triple DES)

 IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm)

 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)


Public Key Cryptography
• Both the parties have two keys: Public Key,
Private Key
• Eg: RSA Algorithm

Alice Bob
encrypt mA using eB encrypt mA using dB
Classical Encryption Techniques
• Substitution cipher
Replacing each element of the plaintext with
another element.
• Transposition (or permutation) cipher
Rearranging the order of the elements of the
plaintext.
Substitution Ciphers
Caeser Cipher:
• Earliest known substitution cipher
• Invented by Julius Caesar
• Each letter is replaced by the letter three
positions further down the alphabet.
• Example: ohio state  RKLR VWDWH
Caeser Cipher
• Mathematically, map letters to numbers:
a, b, c, ..., x, y, z
0, 1, 2, ..., 23, 24, 25
• Then the general Caesar cipher is:
c = EK(p) = (p + k) mod 26
p = DK(c) = (c – k) mod 26
Monoalphabetic Cipher
• Shuffle the letters and map each plaintext letter to a
different random ciphertext letter:

Plain letters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz


Cipher letters: DKVQFIBJWPESCXHTMYAUOLRGZN

Plaintext: ifwewishtoreplaceletters
Ciphertext: WIRFRWAJUHYFTSDVFSFUUFYA
• Now we have a total of 26! = 4 x 1026 keys.
• With so many keys, it is secure against brute-force
attacks.
• Playfair Cipher
• Polyalphabetic Substitution Cipher
Vigenere Cipher
Caeser Cipher Implementation
• https://repl.it/
#taking the input from user

plaintext = input("Enter a text to encrypt: ")


key = input("Enter the value of key: ")

# encrypting the plaintext

def encrypt(plaintext, key):


ciphertext = ""
for i in range(len(plaintext)):
char = plaintext[i]
if (char.isalpha()):
if (char.isupper()):
ciphertext += chr((ord(char)-65 + int(key))%26 + 65)
else:
ciphertext += chr((ord(char)-97 + int(key))%26 + 97)
else:
ciphertext += char
return ciphertext
# decrypting the cipher Text

def decrypt(ciphertext, key):


plain = ""
for i in range(len(ciphertext)):
char = ciphertext[i]
if (char.isalpha()):
if (char.isupper()):
plain += chr((ord(char)-65 - int(key))%26 + 65)
else:
plain += chr((ord(char)-97 - int(key))%26 + 97)
else:
plain += char
return plain

print("Plain Text : ", plaintext)


print("Key for shift : ",str(key))
cipher = encrypt(plaintext,key)
print("Cipher Text: ",cipher)
print("Decrypted Text: ", decrypt(cipher, key))
Brute Force Attack

Try to decrypt this:


GUVF VF ZL FRPERG ZRFFNTR
cipher = input("Enter cipher text to decrypt")
for i in range(1, 26):
plaintext = ""
for j in range(len(cipher)):
char = cipher[j]
if (char.isalpha()):
if (char.isupper()):
plaintext += chr((ord(char)-65 - i)%26 + 65)
else:
plaintext += chr((ord(char)-97 - i)%26 + 97)
else:
plaintext += char

print(" For Key = “, str(i), "Plaintext = “, plaintext)

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