PROF:KIRAN SIR SHRI SINCE:2009

M.SC (MATHS) B.ED SAMARTH ENGG. ACADEMY 12 YEARS EXP.

** Factor & Expansion Formula:

1) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
CELL: 9730213735
2) ( a – b) = a2 - 2ab + b2
2

3) (a + b) 3 = a3 +3a2b + 3ab2 +b3

4) (a - b)3 = a3 -3a2b + 3ab2 - b3
5) 𝑎3 + b3 = (a + b) ( a2 – ab + b2)
6) 𝑎3 - b3 = (a- b) ( a2 + ab + b2)
7) 𝑎2 + b2 = ( a+ ib) (a – ib )
8) 𝑎2 - b2 = ( a+b) (a – b )
9) 𝑎4 - 𝑏 4 = ( 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
10) ( 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑐𝑎

** Binomial theorem **:

𝑛𝑎 𝑛 −1 𝑏 𝑛(𝑛−1)𝑎 𝑛 −2 𝑏 2 𝑛 𝑛 −1 (𝑛−3)𝑎 𝑛 −3 𝑏 3
1) (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + + + + …………..+ 𝑏 𝑛
1! 2! 3!

( 1! = 1x1 , 2! = 2x1 =2 , 3! = 3x2x1=6 , )

𝑛𝑎 𝑛 −1 𝑏 𝑛(𝑛−1)𝑎 𝑛 −2 𝑏 2 𝑛 𝑛−1 (𝑛−3)𝑎 𝑛 −3 𝑏 3

2) (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 - + - + - …………..-+ 𝑏 𝑛
1! 2! 3!

** Law of Indices **:

𝑎𝑚
1) 𝑎𝑚 ×𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 +𝑛 2) = 𝑎𝑚 −𝑛
𝑎𝑛

3) (𝑎𝑚 )n = 𝑎𝑚𝑛 4) (ab)m = 𝑎𝑚 ×𝑏 𝑚

𝑎 𝑎𝑚 1
5) (𝑏 )m = 𝑏 𝑚 6) 𝑎− 𝑟 = 𝑎 𝑟
𝑚
𝑛
7) 𝑎0 = 1 8) 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛

** Rules of Logaritham **:

𝑚
1)log(mn) = log m +log n 2) log ( 𝑛 ) = log m - log n

3) log ( 𝑚𝑛 ) = n log m 4) 𝑒 log 𝑓 𝑥

= f(x)
1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚
5) 𝑒 −log 𝑓 𝑥
=𝑓(𝑥) 6)log n m = log 𝑛

7 ) log1 =0 8) log𝑎𝑎 = 1

** Algebric Operation** :
𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑
If 𝑏 = 𝑑 then 1) Invertendo = 𝑐 2) Alternendo : 𝑐 = 𝑑 3) compenendo : =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑
 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑
3) Dividendo : = 5) componendo & Dividendo :𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑐−𝑑
𝑏 𝑑

** Trigonometric Relation **: 1) Sin𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 1 2 ) Cos𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 1 3) tan𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 1

**Trigo. Indentities **: 1) sin2 𝜃 +cos2 𝜃 = 1 2) 1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃 3) 1 + cot 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

** Trigo. Ratio of ( - 𝜽 ) ** :

1)Sin(- 𝜃 ) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2) cos (-𝜃 ) = cos 𝜃 3) tan (-𝜃) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

4)Cot (- 𝜃) = −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 5) sec (- 𝜃) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 6)cosec (−𝜃 ) = - cosec 𝜃

** Trigo. Ratio of Allied Angles**

𝝅
** Trigo. Ratio of( 90- 𝜽 OR − 𝜽)
𝟐

1) Sin( 90-𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 2) Cos 90 − 𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 3) tan(90-𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝜃

4)Cot(90-𝜃) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 5)Sec(90-𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 6) Cosec 90 − 𝜃 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃

𝝅
** Trigo. Ratio of( 90 + 𝜽 OR + 𝜽)**
𝟐

1) Sin( 90+𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 2) Cos 90 + 𝜃 = −𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 3) tan(90+𝜃) = − 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝜃

4)Cot(90+𝜃) = − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 5)Sec(90+𝜃) = − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 6) Cosec 90 + 𝜃 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃

** Trigo. Ratio of( 180 - 𝜽 OR 𝝅 − 𝜽)**

1) Sin( 180- 𝜃) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 2) Cos 180 − 𝜃 = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 3) tan(180-𝜃) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

4)Cot(180-𝜃) = − 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝜃 5)Sec(180-𝜃) = − 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃 6) Cosec 180 − 𝜃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

** Trigo. Ratio of( 180 + 𝜽 OR 𝝅 + 𝜽) ∗∗

1) Sin( 180+𝜃) = −𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 2) Cos 180 + 𝜃 = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 3) tan(180+𝜃) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

4)Cot(108+𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝜃 5)Sec(180+𝜃) = − 𝑆𝑒𝑐 6) Cosec 180 + 𝜃 = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

𝟑𝝅
** Trigo. Ratio of( 270 - 𝜽 OR − 𝜽)**
𝟐

1) Sin( 270-𝜃) = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 2) Cos 270 − 𝜃 = −𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 3) tan(270-𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝜃

4)Cot(270-𝜃) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 5)Sec(270-𝜃) = − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 6) Cosec 270 − 𝜃 = −𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃

𝟑𝝅
** Trigo. Ratio of( 270 + 𝜽 OR + 𝜽) ∗∗
𝟐

1) Sin( 270+𝜃) = −𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 2) Cos 270 + 𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 3) tan(270+𝜃) = − 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝜃

4)Cot(270+𝜃) = − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 5)Sec(270+𝜃) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 6) Cosec 270 + 𝜃 = −𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃

** Trigo. Ratio of Double angle formula** :
1− cos 2 𝜃 1+ cos 2𝜃
1)Sin2𝜃 = 2sin𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2) cos2𝜃= cos2 𝜃 - sin2 𝜃 3) sin2 𝜃 = 4) cos 2 𝜃 =
2 2

5)Sin𝜃 = 2 Sin(𝜃/2)Cos(𝜃/2) 6) Cos𝜃 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 ( 𝜃/2) - 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝜃/2 )

7)1- Cos𝜃 = 2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 ( 𝜃/2)

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃
8) 1+ Cos𝜃 = 2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 ( 𝜃/2) 9) Sin2𝜃 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 10)Cos2𝜃 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃

𝜃
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 2tan ⁡
( )
2
11)tan 2𝜃 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃 12) tan𝜃 = 𝜃
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 ( )
2

** Trigo. Ratio of triple angle formula** :

3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − tan 3 𝜃
1) Sin3𝜃 = 3sin𝜃- 4sin3 𝜃 2) cos3𝜃 = 4 cos 3 𝜃 - 3cos𝜃 3) tan3𝜃 = 1−3 tan 2 𝜃

**Trigo. Ratio of addition& subtraction formula **:

1) Sin( A + B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB

2) Sin( A - B) = sinAcosB - cosAsinB
3) Cos(A+B ) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB
4) Cos(A-B ) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB

** Trigo. Ratio of Defactarisation formula :**

1 1
1) SinAcosB = 2 [ sin(A+B) + sin(A-B)] 2) cosA sinB = [ sin(A+B) - sin(A-B)]
2
1 1
2) CosAcosB = 2 [ cos(A+B) + cos(A-B) ] 4) sinAsinB = 2 [ cos(A-B) – cos(A+B) ] OR
1
4) sinAsinB = − 2 [ cos(A+B) - cos(A-B) ]

* *Trigo. Ratio of factarisation formula **:

𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷 𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷
1)sinC + sinD = 2sin( ) . sin( ) 2)CosC + CosD = 2 Cos ( ) . Cos( )
2 2 2 2

𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷 𝐶+𝐷 𝐶−𝐷

3) SinC - SinD = 2 Cos( 2
) . Sin ( 2
) 4) CosC – CosD = -2 Sin ( 2
) . Sin( 2
)

** Hyperbolic function **:

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥
1) Sinhax = 2) Coshax = 3) tanhax =
2 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑎𝑥

** Invrese Hyperbolic function **:

1 1+𝑧
1) Sinh -1 z= log( z+ 𝑧 2 + 1) 2) Cosh-1 z= log ( z + 𝑧 2 − 1 ) 3) tanh-1z = log ( )
2 1−𝑧
** Trigo. Ratio of standard angle** :

Angle/ 00 300 450 600 900

Trigo. ratio
Sin𝜃 0 1/2 1/ 2 3 /2 1
cos𝜃 1 3 /2 1/ 2 1/2 0
Tan𝜃 0 1/ 3 1 3 ∞
Cot𝜃 ∞ 3 1 1/ 3 0
Sec𝜃 1 2/ 3 2 2 ∞
cosec𝜃 ∞ 2 2 2/ 3 1

𝟏 𝟏
sec𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 , cosec𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

𝒅𝒚
** Derivative formula **:- [ , y = f(x)]
𝒅𝒙

𝑑 𝑑 1 1
1)𝑑𝑥 ( k ) = 0 2) ( 𝑥 ) = - 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 1 𝑑
3)𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑥 ) = 2 4)𝑑𝑥 ( x)= 1
𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 1
5)𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑥 𝑛 ) = n 𝑥 𝑛−1 6)𝑑𝑥 (log 𝑥) = 𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
7) 𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑒 𝑥 ) =𝑒 𝑥 8)𝑑𝑥 (𝑎 𝑥 ) =𝑎 𝑥 loga

𝑑 𝑑
9)𝑑𝑥 ( sinx) = cosx 10) 𝑑𝑥 ( cosx ) = - sinx

𝑑 𝑑
11) 𝑑𝑥 ( tanx ) = sec 2 𝑥 12) 𝑑𝑥 ( cotx) = - 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 x

𝑑 𝑑
13) 𝑑𝑥 ( cosec x) = - cosecx cot x 14) 𝑑𝑥 ( sec x) = sec x tan x

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
15) 𝑑𝑥 ( sin−1 𝑥 ) = 16) 𝑑𝑥 ( cos −1 𝑥 ) = -
1− 𝑥 2 1− 𝑥 2

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
17)𝑑𝑥 ( tan−1 𝑥 ) = 1+ 𝑥 2 18) ( cot −1 𝑥 ) = −
𝑑𝑥 1+ 𝑥 2

𝑑 1 𝑑 1
19) 𝑑𝑥 ( sec −1 𝑥 ) = 20) 𝑑𝑥 ( cosec −1 𝑥 ) = -
𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1

**Rules of derivative**:

If u & v any two function of x then

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑢 𝑣 –𝑢
1) (u±v)= ± 2) 𝑢. 𝑣 = u +v 3) ( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2
** Integration formula **:

𝑥 𝑛 +1
1) 𝑥 𝑛 dx = +c 2) 𝑒 𝑥 dx = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑛 +1

𝑎𝑥 1
3) 𝑎 𝑥 dx = log 𝑎 4) dx = log x
𝑥

5) log 𝑥 dx = ( x log x – x ) 6) sin 𝑥 dx = - cos x

7) cos 𝑥dx = sin x 8) sec 2 𝑥 dx = tan x

9) cosec 2 𝑥dx = - cot x 10) sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 dx = sec x

11) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 cot 𝑥dx = - cosec x 12) tan 𝑥 dx = log | sec 𝑥 |

13) cot 𝑥dx = log | sin x| 14) sec 𝑥dx = log |sec x + tan x |
1 𝑥
15) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥dx = log |cosec x – cot x)| 16) dx = sin−1 ( 𝑎 )
𝑎 2 −𝑥 2

1 1
17) dx = log ( x + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 ) 18) dx = log ( x + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
𝑥2− 𝑎2 𝑥 2 +𝑎 2

1 1 𝑥 1 1 𝑥−𝑎
19) dx = 𝑎 tan−1 ( 𝑎 ) 20) dx = log ( )
𝑥 2 +𝑎 2 𝑥 2 −𝑎 2 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎

1 1 𝑎+𝑥 1
21) dx = 2𝑎 log ( 𝑎−𝑥 ) 21) dx = sec −1 𝑥
𝑎2− 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1

1
22) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥= 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 . 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ( asinbx– bcos bx )

1
23) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos 𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 ( acosbx + bsinbx)

𝑥 𝑎2 𝑥
24) 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 dx = 2 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 + sin−1 ( 𝑎 )
2

𝑥 𝑎2
25) 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 dx = 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + log ( x+ 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )
2

𝑥 𝑎2
26) 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 dx = 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 - log ( x+ 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 )
2

** Rules of integration OR integration by parts **:

If u & v are any two function of x then

𝑑
𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = u 𝑣dx - [ 𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥

OR

𝑢. 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = u𝑣1 - 𝑢′ 𝑣2 + 𝑢′′ 𝑣3 - 𝑢′′′ 𝑣4 + -……

Choose u& v by using LIATE Rules.

Where L :Logarithemic function ( logx., logsinx , logz ,…)

I : Inverse function ( sin−1 𝑥, cot −1 𝑥 2 , ………)

 A: Algebraic function ( x , y , x 2 , constant , …..)

T: Trigonometric function ( sinx, cosy , tanz,……)

−1
E : Exponential function ( 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 , 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 , 𝑒 tan 𝑥
…….)

** Integration by Substitution **:

1) iF x= 𝜑(𝑡) is a Differential function of t, then 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓[𝜑 𝑡 𝜑 ′ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

[𝑓 𝑥 ]𝑛 +1 𝑓 ′(𝑥)
2) [𝑓 𝑥 ]𝑛 f ‘(x)dx = 3) dx= logf(x)
𝑛+1 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
4) dx = 2 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)

5) 𝑒 𝑥 * f(x) + f’(x)+dx = 𝑒 𝑥 f(x)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
6) OR OR take , tan ( x/2) = t , dx = 2dt / 1+𝑡 2 , sinx = 2t / 1+𝑡 2
𝑎+𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎+𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑥 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 +𝑐

Cos x = 1- 𝑡 2 / 1+𝑡 2

**Properties of Definite Integral **:

𝑏 𝑎
1) 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑏
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑏
2) 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
3) 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑓 𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑏 𝑏
4) 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑡 𝑑𝑡

2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
5) 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 0
𝑓 2𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
6) 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 ≤ 𝑐 ≤ 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎
7) −𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2 0
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , if f(-x)= f(x) [ Even function]

= 0 if f( -x) = - f(x) [ odd function ]

 **SHRI SAMARTH ENGG. ACADEMY**

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