Project On

Installation, Configuration of DNS

In Windows Server 2008 R2

Under Guidance of
Er. Zunaira
Sheikh

Submitted By
Faisal Mushtaq Mehran Nabi Snobar Shaheen
Atif Yousuf Shakir Kumar Shah-Mujeeb
Mehran Ashraf

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Government Polytechnic College Anantnag
January 2021-22
 Certificate
This is to certify that the project entitled “Active Directory and Installation,
Configuration of DNS in Windows Server 2008 R2” is a bonafide work done by
1) Faisal Mushtaq 2) Mehran Nabi 3) Snobar Shaheen 4) Atif Yousuf 5) Shakir
Kumar 6) Shah-Mujeeb 7) Mehran Ashraf and has been done under my
supervision.

The work has been carried in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of Diploma in Computer Science and Engineering.

Mr. Javid Ahmad

Senior lecturer
Department Of Computer
Science and Engineering,
Govt. Polytechnic College Ang.

Dated: __________________

Place: ___________________
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this occasion to thank God, almighty for blessing us with His grace and

taking our endeavor to a successful culmination. We extend our sincere and

heartfelt thanks to our guide Er. Zunaira Sheikh for providing us the right guidance

and advice at the crucial junctures. We also take this opportunity to express a deep

sense of gratitude to our group coordinators and our Senior lecturer Mr. Javid

Ahmad for their support, valuable suggestions and guidance. We also extend our

sincere thanks to our respected Principal for allowing us to use the facilities

available. We would like to thank other faculty members also. Last but not the

least, we would like to thank our friends for their consistent support and

encouragement. Thank you all!

 ABSTRACT
Our project “Active Directory- Installation, configuration of DNS in windows
server 2008 R2” explains the basics of active directory. This project explains the
various actions related to DNS-its installation, configuration.
Windows server 2008 r2:
Before we begin the setup program to actually install a windows server operating
system, we need to make a number of preliminary decisions, as the following
section below describes.

Checking system requirements:

Before installing windows server operating system, we should make sure that the
computer meets the minimum requirements. Table 1.1 below lists the official
minimum requirements for windows server 2008. Table 1.1 also lists what I
consider to be more realistic minimums if we expect satisfactory performance from
the server as a moderately used file server.

Table 1.1

Minimum hardware requirements for windows server 2008

Item Official minimum A more realistic minimum

CPU 1 GHz 3 GHz
RAM 512 MB 2 GB
Free disk space 8 GB 80 GB

Besides meeting the minimum requirements, we should also make sure that our
specific hardware has been checked out and approved for use with windows server
2008. Microsoft publishes an official list of supported hardware, called the
Hardware compatibility list or HCL.

R2 in Windows server 2008 means “Release 2” and the primary reason why
Microsoft uses the R2 nomenclature as opposed to revising the major product
version is because R2 releases do not require administrators to purchase upgrade
client access licenses (CALs).
Installation of Windows server 2008 R2 using a virtual machine:
(1) Power on the virtual machine.
(2) Since we are using a virtual machine (VM), there is an option to mount an
ISO image of the installation DVD.
(3) After performing step 2, the install window wizard appears.
(4) Click install now. You are presented with a list of versions to install. If we
are using an x64 computer, we will be presented with x64 versions rather
than x86 versions.
(5) Select windows server 2008 (data center) and click next.
(6) Select the I accept the license terms checkbox and click next.
(7) Select the disk on which you want to install windows server 2008 r2.
(8) Click next.
The installing windows dialog box appears. The windows keep you apprised
of the progress of windows installation.
The computer will reboot one or more times during installation. When the
installation has completed, you will be informed that the user’s password
must be logging on for the first time.
(9) Click ok.

(10) Type a password for the administrator account in both the new password
and confirm password boxes and press enter.

(11) Click ok. The desktop for the administrator account appears.

Active Directory:
➢ It is a Microsoft’s directory service that contains information about all the
objects- users, computers, resources like printers, shared files/folders in an
organization’s network.
➢ It is similar to a telephone directory.
➢ It is a software to arrange, store information, provide access and permissions
based on that information.
➢ Arranges all the network users, computers and other objects into logical,
hierarchical groupings.
➢ It is used to authenticate/authorize users, computers, resources which are
part of a network.
Active Directory Objects:
These are physical entities of a network and can be described by a set of objects.
These include:

• Forest
• Domain
• Organizational Unit
• User
• Group
• Contact
• Computer
• Shared folder
• Printer

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

DNS (Domain Name System) allows you to interact with devices on the Internet
without having to remember long strings of numbers. Each computer on the
Internet has its own unique address, known as an IP address, just like every home
has a unique address for sending direct mail. 104.26.10.228 is an IP address
consisting of four sets of numbers extending from 0 to 255 separated by a period.
It’s not easy having to remember this complicated collection of numbers every
time you want to access a website, which is where DNS comes in
handy. geeksforgeeks.org can be remembered instead of 104.26.10.228.
Domain Hierarchy:

TLD (Top-Level Domain):

A TLD is the rightmost part of a domain name. The TLD for geeksforgeeks.com is
“.com”. TLDs are divided into two categories: gTLDs (generic top-level domains)
and ccTLDs (country code top-level domains). Historically, the purpose of a
common top-level domain (gTLD) was to inform users of the purpose of the
domain name; For example, a.com would be for business purposes, .org for
organization, .edu for education, and .gov for the government. And a country code
top-level domain (ccTLD) was used for geographic purposes, such as .ca for
Canadian sites, co.uk for UK sites, and so on. As a result of the high demand,
many new gTLDs have emerged, including online, club, website, biz, and many
others.

SLD (Second-Level Domain):

The .com component of geeksforgeeks.org is the top-level domain, while

geeksforgeeks is the second-level domain. Second-level domains can only contain
a-z 0-9 and hyphens and are limited to 63 characters and TLDs when registering a
domain name (may not start or end with hyphens or contain consecutive hyphens).
Subdomain:

A period is used to separate a subdomain from a second-level domain. For

example, the admin part is a subdomain named admin.geeksforgeeks.org. A
subdomain name, like a second-level domain, is restricted to 63 characters and can
only contain the letters a-z, 0-9, and hyphens (cannot begin or end with hyphens or
consecutive hyphens). To create longer names, you can use multiple subdomains
separated by periods, such as mailer.servers.geeksforgeeks.org. However, the
maximum length should not exceed 253 characters. You can create as many
subdomains as you want for your domain name.

Installation: ll a DNS server from the Control Panel, follow these steps:

• Go to Start —> Control Panel —> Administrative Tools —> Server

Manager.
• Expand and click Roles
• Click on Add Roles
 Step 2: The new window will open with the list of roles available to install. Select
DNS server and Click Next.

Step 3: Click Next on the introduction windows. In the last window click on install. It
will start installation; the following window shows the progress of installation.
Configuring DNS:
After installing DNS, you have to go Start —> All Programs —> Administrative
Tools —> DNS for managing DNS server.

Whenever configuring your DNS server, you must know the ` following concepts:

• Forward lookup zone

• Reverse lookup zone
• Zone types

A forward lookup zone helps us to resolve host names to IP addresses. A reverse

lookup zone allows a DNS server to discover the DNS name of the host. Basically,
it is the exact opposite of a forward lookup zone. A reverse lookup zone is not
required, but it is easy to configure and will allow for your Windows Server 2008
Server to have full DNS functionality.

When selecting a DNS zone type, you have the following options: Active
Directory (AD) Integrated, Standard Primary, and Standard Secondary. AD
Integrated stores the database information in AD and allows for secure updates to
the database file. This option will appear only if AD is configured. If it is
configured and you select this option, AD will store and replicate your zone files.

A Standard Primary zone stores the database in a text file. This text file can be
shared with other DNS servers that store their information in a text file. Finally, a
Standard Secondary zone simply creates a copy of the existing database from
another DNS server. This is primarily used for load balancing.

Step 1: Right Click on the name of the server in the DNS management console,
Select on the Configure DNS server.
Step 2: Click on Create forward and reverse lookup zone, then click next.

Step 3: Click on the Yes, create the forward lookup zone now on the forward
lookup zone window.
Step 4: Click on the desired zone that you want to create, in this case Primary
Zone.

Step 5: Type the Name of the Zone and click Next.

Step 6: Click Next on the Zone File Name.

Step 7: Select the Allow both non-secure and secure dynamic updates and click
Next to Continue.

Step 8: Select Yes, I want to create reverse lookup zone now, Click Next to
continue.

Step 10: Select Primary Zone in Zone creating Window.

Step 11: Choose whether you want to create IPv4 or IPv6 reverse lookup zone
(in my case IPv4 Reverse lookup zone).

Step 12: Type your network ID in the following window.

Step 13: Click next on the Reverse lookup Zone file name window.

Step 14: Select the Allow both non-secure and secure dynamic updates and click
Next to Continue.

Step 15: Select No, I should not forward queries, then click Next.
Step 16: Click finish on the final window.
References:
(1) Wikipedia.org

(2) geeksforgeeks.org