Badminton

What is Badminton

An Individual, Dual, Team sport. Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing
players singles, pairs of players doubles, or a team, who take positions on opposite halves of
a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual
recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game.

History of Badminton

badminton, court or lawn game played with lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock.
Historically, the shuttlecock (also known as a “bird” or “birdie”) was a small cork hemisphere
with 16 goose feathers attached and weighing about 0.17 ounce (5 grams). These types of
shuttles may still be used in modern play, but shuttles made from synthetic materials are
also allowed by the Badminton World Federation. The game is named for Badminton, the
country estate of the dukes of Beaufort in Gloucestershire, England, where it was first played
about 1873. The roots of the sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India, and it
is closely related to the old children’s game battledore and shuttlecock. Badminton is derived
directly from poona, which was played by British army officers stationed in India in the
1860s. The first unofficial all-England badminton championships for men were held in 1899,
and the first badminton tournament for women was arranged the next year.

Badminton Court Dimensions and Venue

The badminton court is 13.4m long and 6.1m wide. For singles the court is marked 5.18m
wide. The lines marking out the court are easily distinguishable and coloured white or yellow.
The lines are 40mm wide.

Badminton Equipment and Gears with price

❖ Badminton net - ₱ 767.20

❖ Badminton Rackets - ₱ 3,300
❖ Equipment Bag - ₱ 2,872
❖ Badminton Headband - ₱ 2,417
❖ Badminton Shirt - ₱ 1,065.81
❖ Badminton skirt/short - ₱ 1,108
❖ Badminton shoes - ₱ 2,314
❖ Badminton Shuttlecock - ₱ 597.85
Rules in Badminton
❖ A match consists of the best of three games of 21 points.
❖ The player/pair winning a rally adds a point to its score.
❖ At 20-all, the player/pair which first gains a 2-point lead wins that game.
❖ At 29-all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that game.
❖ The player/pair winning a game serves first in the next game.
❖ A badminton match can be played by two opposing players (singles) or four
opposing players (doubles).
❖ A competitive match must be played indoors utilising the official court dimensions.
❖ A point is scored when the shuttlecock lands inside the opponent's court or if a
returned shuttlecock hits the net or lands outside of the court the player will lose the
point.
❖ At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service
courts.
❖ Legal services must be hit diagonally over the net and across the court.
❖ A badminton serve must be hit underarm and below the server's waist height with the
racquet shaft pointing downwards, the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce. After a
point is won, the players will move to the opposite serving stations for the next point.
❖ The rules do not allow second serves.
❖ During a point, a player can return the shuttlecock from inside and outside of the
court.
❖ A player is not able to touch the net with any part of their body or racket.
❖ A player must not deliberately distract their opponent.
❖ A player is not able to hit the shuttlecock twice.
❖ A 'let' may be called by the referee if an unforeseen or accidental issue arises.
❖ A game must include two rest periods. These are a 90-second rest after the first
game and a 5-minute rest after the second game.

Official
❖ an umpire who is in charge of the match, the court, and its immediate surroundings
❖ four line judges (two for each side of the court positioned at the baseline) who
indicate whether a shuttlecock landed 'in' or 'out' on the line(s) assigned
❖ a service judge
❖ Referee
❖ Umpire, Two types, Chair Umpire and Service Umpire
❖ Line Judge
❖ Mopper
Lawn Tennis
What is Lawn Tennis
Dual. tennis, original name lawn tennis, game in which two opposing doubles use tautly
strung rackets to hit a ball of specified size, weight, and bounce over a net on a rectangular
court. The modern game of tennis is played by millions in clubs and on public courts.

History of Lawn Tennis

tennis, original name lawn tennis, game in which two opposing players (singles) or pairs of
players (doubles) use tautly strung rackets to hit a ball of specified size, weight, and bounce
over a net on a rectangular court. Points are awarded to a player or team whenever the
opponent fails to correctly return the ball within the prescribed dimensions of the court.
Organised tennis is played according to rules sanctioned by the International Tennis
Federation (ITF), the world governing body of the sport. Tennis originally was known as lawn
tennis, and formally still is in Britain, because it was played on grass courts by Victorian
gentlemen and ladies. It is now played on a variety of surfaces. The origins of the game can
be traced to a 12th–13th-century French handball game called jeu de paume (“game of the
palm”), from which was derived from a complex indoor racket-and-ball game: real tennis.
This ancient game is still played to a limited degree and is usually called real tennis in
Britain, court tennis in the United States, and royal tennis in Australia. The modern game of
tennis is played by millions in clubs and on public courts. Its period of most rapid growth as
both a participant and a spectator sport began in the late 1960s, when the major
championships were opened to professionals as well as amateurs, and continued in the
1970s, when television broadcasts of the expanding professional tournament circuits and the
rise of some notable players and rivalries broadened the appeal of the game. Tennis balls,
which historically had been white, now came in several hues, with yellow the colour of
choice. Racket frames, which had been of a standard size and shape and constructed
primarily of laminated wood, were suddenly manufactured in a wide choice of sizes, shapes,
and materials, the most significant milestones being the introduction of metal frames
beginning in 1967 and the oversized head in 1976.

Lawn Tennis Court Dimensions and Venue

The court is 78 feet (23.77 metres) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 metres) for singles
matches and 36 feet (10.97 metres) for doubles matches. The service line is 21 feet (6.40
metres) from the net.
Lawn Tennis Equipment and Gears with price

Bandana - ₱ 2,417
Knee brace - ₱ 200
Tennis racket - ₱ 3,300
Shoes - ₱2,314
Grip tape - ₱ 500.00
Tennis net - ₱ 767.20
Tennis shirt - ₱ 1,065.
Elbow brace - ₱ 130
Sunglasses - ₱ 3776.18
Tennis ball - ₱ 597.85
Tennis short/skirt - ₱ 1,108
Bag - ₱ 2,872

Rules in Lawn Tennis

❖ A ball must land within bounds for play to continue; if a player hits the ball outside of
bounds, this results in the loss of the point for them.
❖ Players/teams cannot touch the net or posts or cross onto the opponent’s side.
❖ Players/teams cannot carry the ball or catch it with the racquet.
❖ Players cannot hit the ball twice.
❖ Players must wait until the ball passes the net before they can return it.
❖ A player that does not return a live ball before it bounces twice loses the point.
❖ If the ball hits or touches the players, that counts as a penalty.
❖ If the racquet leaves the hand or verbal abuse occurs, a penalty is given.
❖ Any ball that bounces on the lines of the boundary is considered good.
❖ A serve must bounce first before the receiving player can return it.

Officials
❖ Chair Umpire
❖ Line Umpires
❖ Net court umpire
❖ Ball persons
❖ Tournament referee
Volleyball
What is Volleyball

volleyball, a game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the players
use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the
court within the opponents' playing area before it can be returned.

History of Volleyball

Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical director of the Young Men’s
Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was designed as an indoor
sport for businessmen who found the new game of basketball too vigorous. Morgan called
the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the
volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.” The original rules were
written by Morgan and printed in the first edition of the Official Handbook of the Athletic
League of the Young Men’s Christian Associations of North America (1897). The game soon
proved to have wide appeal for both sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and
other organisations in the United States, and it was subsequently introduced to other
countries. In 1916 rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and the National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA). The first nationwide tournament in the United States was conducted by
the National YMCA Physical Education Committee in New York City in 1922. The United
States Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and recognized as the
rules-making governing body in the United States. From 1928 the USVBA—now known as
USA Volleyball (USAV)—has conducted annual national men’s and senior men’s (age 35
and older) volleyball championships, except during 1944 and 1945. Its women’s division was
started in 1949, and a senior women’s division (age 30 and older) was added in 1977. Other
national events in the United States are conducted by member groups of the (USAV) such
as the YMCA and the NCAA.

Volleyball Court Dimensions and Venue

The playing court is 18m long and 9m wide and is surrounded by a free zone 3m wide on all
sides. The space above the playing area is known as the free playing space and is a
minimum of 7m high from the playing surface.
Volleyball Equipment and Gears with price

Shoes - ₱2,314
Net - ₱2514
Pole - ₱7780
Ball - ₱1300
Jersey - ₱1500
Short - ₱600
Bag - ₱3000
Water bottle - ₱300
Knee pad -₱ 500
Elbow pad - ₱500
Ankle braces - ₱300
Finger tape - ₱200
Floor tape -₱ 200

Rules in Volleyball
❖ Only 6 players on the floor at any given time: 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row.
❖ Points are made on every service for the winning team of the rally (rally-point scoring).
❖ Players may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).
❖ The ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
❖ A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
❖ A ball is out if it hits the antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the net or
cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, or the ceiling above a non-playable
area.
❖ It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a player’s body.
❖ It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
❖ A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
❖ After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
❖ Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on the level of play

Officials
❖ First referee
❖ Second referee
❖ Scorekeeper
❖ Assistant scorer
❖ Line judges