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Gutierrez Experiment 1

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59 views7 pages

Gutierrez Experiment 1

Uploaded by

Marie Claire Gutierrez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ateneo de Davao University

E. Jacinto Street, Davao City


S.Y. 2021-2022

Experiment No. 1

Laplace Transformation and


Partial Fraction

A Laboratory Report
ECE 514 – Feedback and Control System

Submitted to:

ENGR. ELEONOR V. PALCONIT

ECE 541 Professor

Submitted by:

GUTIERREZ, MARIE CLAIRE


ECE 4-A

December 9, 2021
Control System

Experiment 1

Name: Gutierrez, Marie Claire L. Date of Experiment: 9 Dec 2021


Course:/Year: ECE-5A Time of Experiment: 7:40 am

Title:

Laplace Transform and Partial Fraction

Objectives:

• To be solve the linear constant differential equation by Laplace Transformation Method with the
use of MATLAB.

Discussion:

A system represented by a differential equation is difficult to model as a block diagram. Thus, we now lay
the groundwork for the Laplace transform, with which we can represent the input, output, and system as
separate entities. Further, their interrelationship will be simply algebraic. Let us first define the Laplace
transform and the show how it simplifies the representation of physical system (Nilsson, 1996).

The Laplace transform is define as

L [f(t)] = F(s) = 𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Where s = σ + jω, a complex variable. Thus, knowing f(t) and that the integral in the equation above exist,
we can find a function,F(s), that is called the Laplace transform of f(t).

The notation for the lower limit means that even if f(t) is discontinuous at t = 0, we can start the integration
prior to the discontinuous as long as the integral converges. Thus, we can find the Laplace transform of
impulse functions. This property has distinct advantages when applying the Laplace transform to the
solution of differential equations where the initial conditions before the discontinuity. Using the Laplace
transform we need only know the initial condition before the discontinuity.

The inverse Laplace transform, which allows us to find f(t) given F(s), is

L -1 [F(s)] = f(t)u(t)

Where u(t) =

1 t>0 =

0 t < 0 Matlab

command reviews:
POLY Convert roots to polynomial.

POLY(A), when A is an N by N matrix, is a row vector with N+1 elements which are the coefficients of
the characteristic polynomial, DET(lambda*EYE(SIZE(A))-A).

POLY(V), when V is a vector, is a vector whose elements are the coefficients of the polynomial whose
roots are the elements of V. For vectors ROOTS and POLY are inverse function of each other, up to
ordering, scaling, and round off error.

ROOTS Find polynomial roots.

ROOTS© computes the roots of the polynomial whose coefficients are the elements of the vectors C. If C
has N+ components, the polynomial is C(1)*X^N+…+C(N)*X+C(N+1).

PZMAP Pole-zero map of LTI models.

PZMAP(SYS) computes the poles and (transmission) zero of the LTI models SYS and plots them
in the complex plane. The poles are plotted as x’s and the zeros are plotted as o’s.

PZMAP (SYS1, SYS2 ,….) shows the poles and zeros of multiple LTI models SYS1, SYS2,… on a single
plot. You can specify distinctive colors for each model, as in pzmap(sys1,sys2,’y’,sys3, ,’g’)

[P,Z] = PZMAP(SYS) returns the poles and zeros of the system in two column vectors P and Z. No plot is
drawn on the screen.

SYM Construct symbolic numbers, variable and objects.

S = SYM(A) constructs an object S, of class ‘sym’, from A. If the input argument is a string, the result is a
symbolic number or variable. If the input argument is a numeric scalar or matrix, the result is a symbolic
representation of the given numeric values.

X = sym(‘x’) creates the symbolic variable with name ‘x’ and stores the result in x. x = sym(‘x’,’real’) also
assumes that x is real, so that conj(x) is equal to x. alpha = sym(‘alpha’) and r = sym (‘Rho’, ‘real’) are
other examples. Similarly, k = sym(‘k’, ‘positve’) makes k a positive (real) variable. X = sym(‘x’, ‘unreal’)
makes x a purely formal variable with no additional properties.

LAPLACE Laplace transform.

L = LAPLACE(F) is the Laplace transform of the scalar sym F with default independent variable t. The
default return is a function of s. If F = F(s), then LAPLACE returns a function of t: L = L(t). By definition
L(s) = int (F(t)* exp(-s*t),0,int), where integration occurs with respect to t.

L=LAPLACE(F,w,z) makes L a function of z instead of the default s (integration with respect to w).

LAPLACE(F,w,z) L(z) = int(F(w)*exp(-z*w).0.int).


Procedure:

1. Find the Laplace of the following

a.) f(t) = t3-8t2+ 1

Laplace transform:

MATLAB Command:

Roots:

b.) f(t) = e2t cos 5t-3t3

Laplace transform:
MATLAB Command:

c.) f(t) = 7t2 – te-4t

Laplace transform:

MATLAB Command:

2. Determine the solution of the following differential equations:

𝑑2𝑐(𝑡) 𝑑𝑐(𝑡)
a.) 𝑑𝑡2 + 6 𝑑𝑡 + 13 c(t) =r(t)

Laplace Transform:

Inverse Laplace:
MATLAB Command:

𝑑2𝑐(𝑡) 𝑑𝑐(𝑡)
b.) 𝑑𝑡2 + 10 𝑑𝑡 + 25 c(t) =r(t)

Laplace Transform:

Inverse Laplace:

MATLAB Command:
𝑑3𝑐(𝑡) 𝑑2𝑐(𝑡) 𝑑𝑐(𝑡) 𝑑2𝑐(𝑡) 𝑑𝑐(𝑡)
c.) 𝑑𝑡3 + 3 𝑑𝑡2 +7 𝑑𝑡 +7 c(t) = 𝑑𝑡2 +4 𝑑𝑡 +3r(t)

Laplace Transform:

Inverse Laplace:

MATLAB Command:

Analysis and Conclusion:


For this first activity we are to explore the MATLAB environment and math functions like Laplace
and Inverse Laplace. MATLAB can do many math solutions which is helpful and important especially for
laboratory online simulations considering that the students learn from online platforms nowadays. This
activity is all about linear constant-coefficient differential equations which aim to be able to solve LCDE
by Direct Method or by Laplace Transform Method with the aid of MATLAB. In this activity, the researcher
used roots, sym, and laplace functions.
After conducting the experiment, the researcher was able to explore the different functions of MATLAB
and learn. MATLAB can calculate mathematics, can do matrices and plotting. These functions can be made
by using the correct MATLAB code. Not only these but MATLAB is also used for signal processing and
communications, control systems, test, and measurements, etc. Also, the objective of this module was
achieved which is to be able to solve LCDE by Direct or by Laplace Transform Method with the help of
the manual.

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