CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning eating-utensils and dishes. Dishwashers can
be found in private homes and hotels. Unlike manual dish washing machines, which depend
largely on physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by the brush
and by spraying water, at the dishes. A mix of water and detergent is circulated by a pump.
Water is pumped to one or more rotating sprays arms, which blast the dishes with the cleaning
mixture. Once the wash is finished, the water is drained. After the rinse cycle finishes and the
water is drained, and the dishes are left in the atmosphere for drying. The function of the
dishwasher is to provide the mechanical action necessary to distribute and direct the detergent
solution and rinse waters over, under and around the dishes to loosen and remove soil. The
dishwasher must also remove soil-laden waters from the machine after. Each phase of the cycle
and provide for the drying of dishes after the cleaning process has been completed

Automatic dishwashers vary in the design of their washing systems. Some have a single water
source; others may have several water sources. Water is distributed in dishwashers by spray arms
or spray towers. The design of the spray arms or towers may differ in size, shape and placement in
the dishwasher, or in the number, size and location of their water ports (holes through which
water is forced). All of the washing systems do a good job, but those with fewer water sources
require greater care in loading the dishes to prevent blocking the washing action to various parts
of the machine, especially the corners. The total volume of water used in a complete cycle can
vary from 6 - 10 gallons, depending on the number of washes and rinses included in that
particular cycle.

1.1 Roller with Brush:

This is the main component of this machine. Roller Brushes are made as per the specification
given by the customer. The overall diameter and length can be varied. The brush can be offered
with or without shaft. Application areas are truly vast.
These brushes are hard and attached to the wooden roller, where there is a hollow space in the
wooden layer.

Fig3.1: Design of Brush

1.2. Belt Drive

 A mechanism in which power is transmitted by the movement of a continuous flexible belt.

 A belt is a looped strip of flexible material, used to mechanically link two or more rotating
shafts.
 They may be used as a source of motion, to efficiently transmit power, or to track relative
movement. Belts are looped over pulleys.
Types of Belts
 Flat Belt
 V Belt
 Cross Belt
 Timing Belt
 Round Belt
In our project we use only two types of belts. (i.e.) Flat Belt and V-Belt

1.3. Pulley

A pulley is a wheel on a shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a
taut cable or belt along its circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift loads, apply
forces, and to transmit power.

Fig3.2: Design of Pulley

1.4. Bearing

A rolling-element bearing, also known as a rolling bearing, is a bearing which carries a load by
placing rolling elements (such as balls or rollers) between two bearing rings called races. The relative
motion of the races causes the rolling elements to roll with very little rolling resistance and with
little sliding.
One of the earliest and best-known rolling-element bearings are sets of logs laid on the ground with a
large stone block on top. As the stone is pulled, the logs roll along the ground with little
sliding friction. As each log comes out the back, it is moved to the front where the block then rolls on
to it. It is possible to imitate such a bearing by placing several pens or pencils on a table and placing
an item on top of them. See "bearings" for more on the historical development of bearings.
A rolling element rotary bearing uses a shaft in a much larger hole, and cylinders called "rollers"
tightly fill the space between the shaft and hole. As the shaft
Universal 6004
turns, each roller acts as the logs in the above example.
However, since the bearing is Type Ball round, the rollers never fall out
from under the load. Inner 20
Dimension d
Outer 42
Dimension D
Width B 12
Load Radial
Direction
Specifications Standard
Number of Single Track
Raceway
Ring Rows

Table 1: Specifications and Dimensions of bearing

1.5. Motor

A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power
into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields.
Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or
electronic; to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types
produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-
current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide
range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field
windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

1.6. Shaft

Several small bits of shafts are used. Mild steel of about 20mm diameter are polished well using
abrasive clothes. Eight shafts are length of 100mm is used and they are turned and stepped by
holding it in a center lathe. The steel shaft of one end is connected with the Roller and another end
is fitted with pulley. It helps to rotate the roller brush easily and smoothly.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

A DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC DISH WASH

Author–Dhale A. D., Ghodke L.S, Hase P. U., Jarag S. V,

ShelarS.S

This paper discusses how to reduce human efforts in dishwasher. The dishwasher has
made cleaning and drying dishes much easier and more efficient. This paper also discusses
the problems faced in usage of Automatic Dishwasher and solutions on those problems.
Automatic dishwasher uses large amount of energy, time and is costly. And being costly,
the usage of automatic dishwasher in our country is very less. By using semi-automatic
dishwasher, we can reduce time as well as human efforts significantly. Also, by using
plastic material for casing part, the overall weight of the assembly is also reduced. By
separating assembly in 3 parts for washing of dishes, rinsing of dishes and washing of
glasses, large amount of work can be done in considerably lesser time. In conventional
dish washing process large amount of human power as well as quantity of water is used.
So, keeping that in mind, to reduce this Design and fabrication of dish washer is
developed. Also, we can use this in places where there is vast use of dishes for example,
marriage ceremony. [2]

B “DESIGN OF BASIC MODEL OF DESIGN AND FABRICATION

OF DISH WASHER MACHINE”

Author- Shilpa N. Dehedkar

Main aim of Design and fabrication of dish washer machine is to reduce human efforts
and time with its innovative simple design which is also environment friendly. A
dishwasher is a low-cost machine made up of easily and readily available parts in daily
life. The model of Design and fabrication of dish washer machine is new concept, which
in its one washing cycle does all the operations of conventional dish washing i.e., spraying
soda water, scrubbing with brush and rinsing with clean water similar to fully automatic
dish washer machines in market. The dishwasher operates with help of DC motor,
Universal motor, conveyor belt and microcontroller for time delay. Dish which is placed
on the conveyor belt
 enters the first washing chamber where it is cleaned with soda water and scrubbed
with the brushes. This is
then passed to next chamber where it is rinsed with the clean water and finally
moves out as a complete washed dish. [3]

C DESIGN FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENTAL

INVESTIGATIONS OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC
DISHWASHING MACHINE FOR DOMESTI PURPOSE

Author- K shir Sagar P.R, Slokar R. I, Hodekar A.M, Nikam M.P, Shinde B.G

In this paper objective of the project is to design and fabricate semiautomatic

dishwasher that is efficient and overcome the human work. In market existing
dishwasher, the spray arm is not sufficient to spray water in each part of the dish.
Main aim of Design and fabrication of dish washer machine is to reduce human
efforts and time with its innovative simple design which is also environment
friendly. [1]
So, keeping this in mind, we designed the circular rack and spray arm in center of
the machine which will spray the water equally and effectively in each and every
area of dish. The machine has less cycle time, less energy consumption, less water
required for cleaning as compare to manual machine. [1]

D DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC DISH WASHER

Author-Bhor Rohan Bhimaji, Choudhari Onkar Kisan, Deshmukh Kishor
Sopan, Hegade Abhinav Uttam, Prof. Gaikwad Swapnil.

This paper represents the new and simple design of fabrication of mechanical
dishwasher. This design over comes the high cost and large space required to
previous dishwasher Main objective of Design and fabrication of dishwashing
machine is to reduce the cost of fully automatic dish washing machine and give
good cleaning performance. It requires less energy and less water consumption.
Time of washing dish can be adjusted as per customer requirement. In this system
multi–Jet Technology is used to clean Utensils. Multi jet system will be used to
clean utensil from all side. [4]