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Two-Way Communication System & Signal Jammer

The document describes the design of a two-way wireless communication system and signal jammer. The communication system uses nRF24L01 transceiver modules that operate in the 2.4GHz band and can communicate up to 100 meters. The system provides feedback to confirm messages are received accurately. A signal jammer is also described that can disrupt wireless signals by transmitting interfering signals within the same frequency band, such as the 2.4GHz WiFi bands. Programming is used to loop the jammer through the frequency range of the targeted channel to effectively cover its bandwidth.

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ahmed fares
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128 views

Two-Way Communication System & Signal Jammer

The document describes the design of a two-way wireless communication system and signal jammer. The communication system uses nRF24L01 transceiver modules that operate in the 2.4GHz band and can communicate up to 100 meters. The system provides feedback to confirm messages are received accurately. A signal jammer is also described that can disrupt wireless signals by transmitting interfering signals within the same frequency band, such as the 2.4GHz WiFi bands. Programming is used to loop the jammer through the frequency range of the targeted channel to effectively cover its bandwidth.

Uploaded by

ahmed fares
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication system project

Two-way communication system & signal


jammer
Ahmed fares Abdelghani
Ahmed Abdallah Mahmoud
Ahmed Mohamed Wageh
Ahmed Mokhtar Mostafa

Dr. Heba Adly DATE:26/12/2021


Model of communication system
Two Way Communication System

*Two-way communication always includes feedback from the receiver to


the sender.
and lets the sender know the message has been received accurately. ... Both
sender and receiver listen to each other, gather information and are willing
to make changes to work together in harmony.

-listen to each other (“feedback”)

this sentence tells us that we don’t just need a normal transmitter & receiver
module we need two transceivers to make sense this feedback.

-Channel

We also need to determine the channel we will communicate in and study


how this channel work to be able to control it.

-Encoding & Decoding


This part is the programming part in which we control the in/out coming
signal and control the electronic circuits behind it.
So, we need to choose that transceiver Carefully to achieve all these points.

We’ve chosen the nRF24L01 Transceivers to work with.

nRF24L ICs use Nordic Semiconductor's Enhanced Shock Burst protocol


(ESB), enabling the implementation of ultra-low power and high-
performance communication with low-cost host microcontrollers.

It comes in two models as in images.


This transceiver uses Modulation Format GFSK
FSK stands for frequency shifting key
G stands for Gaussian

A GFSK modulator differs from a simple frequency-shift keying modulator


in that before the baseband waveform (with levels −1 and +1) goes into the
FSK modulator, it passed through a Gaussian filter to make the transitions
smoother to limit spectral width. Gaussian filtering is a standard way to
reduce spectral width; it is called pulse shaping in this application.

each module can use 125


different channels which
gives a possibility to have a
network of 125 independently
working modems in one place.
Each channel can have up to 6
addresses, or each unit can
communicate with up to 6
other units at the same time.
NRF24L01 transceiver module. It uses the
2.4 GHz band (ISM), and it can operate
with baud rates from 250 kbps up to 2
Mbps. If used in open space and with lower
baud rate its range can reach up to 100
meters.

Freq (Selected) = 2400 + CH(Selected)

Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM)


applications (of radio frequency energy),
which is a free usage band.

The power consumption of this module is just around 12mA during


transmission, which is even lower than a single LED. The operating voltage
of the module is from 1.9 to 3.6V, but the good thing is that the other pins
tolerate 5V logic, so we can easily connect it to an Arduino without using any
logic level converters.
*Radiation pattern of :-
Monopole (ducky) antenna 1000 meter & Patch antenna 50meter
What is PA & LNA?

The PA stands for Power Amplifier. It merely boosts the power of the signal
being transmitted from the nRF24L01+ chip. Whereas LNA stands for Low-
Noise Amplifier.
The function of the LNA is to take the extremely weak and uncertain signal
from the antenna (usually on the order of microvolts or under -100 dBm) and
amplify it to a more useful level (usually about 0.5 to 1V)

The low-noise amplifier (LNA) of the receive path and the power amplifier
(PA) of the transmit path connect to the antenna via a duplexer, which
separates the two signals and prevents the relatively powerful PA output
from overloading the sensitive LNA input.
Transaction with acknowledgement and interrupt.
This is an example of positive scenario. Here the transmitter starts a
communication by sending a data packet to the receiver. Once the whole
packet is transmitted, it waits (around 130 µs) for the acknowledgement
packet (ACK packet) to receive. When the receiver receives the packet, it
sends ACK packet to the transmitter. On receiving the ACK packet the
transmitter asserts interrupt (IRQ) signal to indicate the new data is
available.
Transaction with data packet lost This is a negative scenario where a
retransmission is needed due to loss of the packet transmitted.

After the packet is transmitted, the transmitter waits for the ACK packet to
receive.

If the transmitter doesn’t get it within Auto-Retransmit-Delay (ARD) time,


the packet is retransmitted.

When the retransmitted packet is received by the receiver, the ACK packet is
transmitted which in turn generates interrupt at the transmitter.
*Serial Peripheral Interface or SPI is a synchronous serial communication
protocol that provides full – duplex communication at very high speeds.
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a master – slave type protocol that
provides a simple and low-cost interface between a microcontroller and its
peripherals.

*Enhanced ShockBurst Protocol (ESP)


The nRF24L01+ transceiver module uses a packet structure known as
Enhanced Shock Burst. This simple packet structure is broken down into 5
different fields, which is illustrated below.
The original Shock Burst structure consisted only of Preamble, Address,
Payload and the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) fields. Enhanced Shock
Burst brought about greater functionality for more enhanced communications
using a newly introduced Packet Control Field (PCF).

This new structure is great for several reasons. Firstly, it allows for variable
length payloads with a payload length specifier, meaning payloads can vary
from 1 to 32 bytes.

Secondly, it provides each sent packet with a packet ID, which allows the
receiving device to determine whether a message is new or whether it has
been retransmitted (and thus can be ignored).

Finally, and most importantly, each message can request an


acknowledgement to be sent when it is received by another device.

An address ensures that the packet is detected and received by the


correct receiver, preventing accidental cross talk between multiple
nRF24L01+ systems
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly
used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes
to raw data.
Feedback

we can easily check if there is connection between the two transceivers or


not using a simple function called radio. available().

But we need to check if the message was sent correctly or not


so we need to send a message to receiver then send what arrived to it back
to the transmitter as a response then check if it was the correct message
or not.
Using this snippet of code in transmitter: -
Then at the receiver: -
Then check it in the transmitter: -
If the message was delivered successfully & correct
The Green LED will light up.
Otherwise, the Red Led will light up.
Just as a response of the communication system that show us the state of
connection between them.

Electronic circuit part: -


We used a push button binary (0,1) at the transmitter which will control a
servo motor on the receiver

Which is just a concept of controlling any circuit using wireless technique.


Signal Jammer (Noise generator)

RF Signal Jamming: -
Jamming wireless signals is defined as the disruption of existing wireless
communications by decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio at receiver sides
through the transmission of interfering wireless signals.

Jamming is just sending junk data through the air at specific frequency.

Example: -
Jamming a Wi-Fi signal
First, we need to know the range and channels of Wi-Fi spectrum.

Talking only about the 2.4GHz spectrum, Wi-Fi is spread out in channels –
each channel covers a 20MHz wide (BW), and they are separated by 5MHz
so, the first channel cover 2.402GHz to 2.422GHz; the second
2.407GHz to 2.427GHz and so on.
So, what about the interference?
Every device sending electromagnetic waves in the same spectrum will
disturb your network.

Even 2 different routers running at the same channel can cause some
disturbance and it will make your Wi-Fi run slower.

So, routers first check the best channel that its strength is greatest.

Here are some images from Wi-Fi analyzer to explain it obviously.

And this program will help us to determine which channel we need to destroy
and in what range of frequency.
Here we need to talk about the BW of the nRFL01

WHICH IS 1MHZ

but if we choose XD wi-fi for example which run at CH 1 from 2402-


2422(20Mhz)

How we can cover the noise all over this channel with BW of 20 Mhz
with only 1Mhz noise generator?

Here comes the programming role to make a loop which changing the
channel of the nRFL01 noise generator from the initial frequency of the
channel 1 to the final frequency.
Which is a loop of 20 turns or more
Question: why didn’t we make the loop starts from 1 to 125 to cover all the
BW of the nRFL01?
-simply because the effect of noise on the same channel will be weaker and
not concentrated at a specific channel but will be noticeable if we get closer
to the jammer.
Here is the code: -

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