Chapter 1
Chapter 1
i. Also known as feed forward control i. Also known as feedback control system.
system. ii. Is a system which control action depends
ii. Is a system which the control action is on the output signal.
independent of the output signal. iii. The block diagram:
iii. The block diagram:
Example of Open Loop control system
a) Automatic toaster system:
On-Off Controller:
• It is a feedback controller that switches operate between two states; on and off.
• usually used where a precise control is not necessary.
• Example: temperature control
On Off action
• Advantages ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON
– Simple
temperature
– Inexpensive setpoint
• Disadvantages
– Not accurate
– Need to add on-off differential or ‘hysteresis’
time
Fig 11 : Example of
to the controller operations to prevent output from “chattering” manual controller
response.
Continuous control / Proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller)
• designed to eliminate the cycling associated with on-off control
• Used in systems where the load changes often and the controller is expected to
compensate automatically due to frequent changes in set point, the amount of energy
available, or the mass to be controlled.
• Apply algorithm of control loop feedback mechanism.
• Advantages
– Accurate
– stable control
• Disadvantages
– the proportional, integral and derivative terms
must be individually adjusted or “tuned”.