A

Micro Project Report

On

Star and Ring Topology

Submitted by:-
Komal Sapkal
Darshana Patil
Pooja Deore
Dhruti Choudhari

Under the Guidance of

Prof. A.S.Mutrak

In the Partial Fulfilment of Third Semester of Diploma in

Computer Engineering

Department of Computer Engineering

Sandip Polytechnic
Mahiravani, Nashik - 422213

Affiliated to

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Academic Year 2020-21

 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Patil Darshana Mohan with Roll No-14 has
successfully completed Micro-project in course “Data Communication And
Computer Network” for the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the
'Assessment Manual' during his/her tenure of completing Second Semester of
Diploma Programme in Computer Engineering from institute, Sandip
Polytechnic with institute code 1167.

Place: Nashik Enrollment No: 1911670198

Date: Exam Seat No:

Course Teacher Head of the Department Head of the Institute

1.0 Course Outcomes Addressed:
1. Analyze the functioning of data communication and computer network.
2. Select relevant transmission media and switching techniques as per need.
3. Analyze the transmission errors with respect to IEEE standards.
4. Configure various networking devices.
5. Configure different TCP/IP service.

Proposed Methodology:
A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution paradigm in computer
networks. In a star network, every host is connected to a central hub. In its simplest form, one
central hub acts as a conduit to transmit messages. The star network is one of the most
common computer network topologies. A ring network is a network topology in which each
node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals
through each node – a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way
handling every packet.

Application of this Micro-Project:

 One of the common example that still exists is SONET Rings. SONET stands
for Synchronous Optical Networking.
 It uses Fiber Optic Cables for heavy load data transfers for long distances
 Star topology is used to ease the probabilities of network failure by connecting
all of the systems to a central node
 Star network is used to transmit data across the central hub between the
network nodes.
1.0 Action Plan:
Planned Planned
Sr Name of Responsible
Details of Activity Start Finish
No Team Members
Date Date
Topic Discussion &
1
Selection
2 Review of Literature
Aim/Benefits & 1. Komal Sapkal
3
Importance 2. Darshana Patil
4 Resources Required 3. Pooja Deore
4. Dhruti Choudhari
Analysis of Collected
5
Data
6 Design of System

7 Design of ER Diagrams
 8 Design of Database

9 Creation of Tables
Apply the Busniess
10
rules & I/O Rules
11 Presentation of Seminar

12 Final Submission

5.0 Resources Required:

Sr Name of
Specification Qty. Remarks
No Resource/Material
Desktop with -
Intel Core 2 Duo
1 Hardware Resource 2.93 GHz, RAM 1
2GB, HDD 160
GB
2 Software Resource ORICAL 10g 1 -
3 Any Other Resource - - -

Name of Team Members with Roll Nos:

Roll No Name of Team Members

45 Komal Sapkal
33 Darshana Patil

32 Pooja Deore

23 Dhruti Choudhari

Prof A.S.Mutrak
Name & Signature of Course Teacher
 Star and Ring Topology
 Star Topology
A star network is an implementation of a spoke–hub distribution paradigm in computer
networks. In a star network, every host is connected to a central hub. In its simplest form, one
central hub acts as a conduit to transmit messages. The star network is one of the most
common computer network topologies.
The hub and hosts, and the transmission lines between them, form a graph with the topology
of a star. Data on a star network passes through the hub before continuing to its destination.
The hub manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the
data flow.
The star topology reduces the impact of a transmission line failure by independently
connecting each host to the hub. Each host may thus communicate with all others by
transmitting to, and receiving from, the hub. The failure of a transmission line linking any
host to the hub will result in the isolation of that host from all others, but the rest of the
network will be unaffected.
The main objective of this project is to discuss the advantages, disadvantages and usage of
star network topology. A topology is a physical structure of a network. Star topology is a
network structure comprising a central node to which all other devices attached directly and
through which all other devices intercommunicate. The hub, leaf nodes and the transmission
lines between them form a graph with the topology of a star.

Star is one of the most and oldest common topology in the local area network. The design of
star topology comes from telecommunication system. In telephone system all telephone calls
are managed by the central switching station. Just like in star topology each workstation of
the network is connected to a central node, which is known as a hub. Hub is a device where
the whole linking mediums come together. It is responsible of running all activities of the
network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. Generally when build a network using
two or more computers, you need a hub. It is possible to connect two computers to each other
directly without the need of a hub but when adding a third computer in the network, we need
a hub to allow a proper data communication within the network. In a Star Network the whole
network is reliant on the hub.

 Working

Devices such as file server, workstation and peripheral are all linked to a hub. All the data
passes through the hub. When a packet comes to the hub it moves that packet to all the nodes
linked through the hub but only one node at a time successfully transmits it. Data on a star
network exceeds through the hub before continuing to its target. Different types of cables are
used to link computers such as twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optics. The most common
cable media in use for star topologies is unshielded or shielded twisted pair copper cabling.
One end of the cable is plugged in local area network card while the other side is connected
with the hub.

Due to the centralization in star topology it is easy to monitor and handle the network making
it more advantageous. Since the whole network is reliant on the hub, if the whole network is
not working then there could be a problem with the hub. The hub makes it easy to
troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection at the same time the reliance is
also very high on that single point. The central function is cost effective and easier to
maintain.

Star topology also has some draw backs. If the hub encounters a problem then the whole
network falls short. In a Star Network Topology it is possible to have all the important data
backups on the hub in a private folder and this way if the computer fails you can still use your
data using the next computer in the network and accessing the backup files on the hub.

The star configuration is commonly used with twisted pair cable and optical fiber cable.

However, it can also be used with coaxial cable as in, for example, a video routeLet’s say one
computer wants to send data to another computer.
The first computer will forward the information to the hub. The hub will then check the
address of the recipient computer, then forward the message on.But the hub has no memory
of its own, so when the first computer sends over the information, the hub then needs to ask
all the other computers and ports which of them owns that address.This procedure is called
Address Resolution Protocol (or ARP for short).
Essentially it means that the hub can find the correct address of the recipient computer and
transfer the data to the right place.In terms of cables, star topologies are sometimes
implemented with Ethernet/cabled structures, wireless routers, and other components. These
additional nodes are clients, and all link back to the central hub.
 Diagram
  Implementation

In the star topology, all computers and other network devices connect to a central device
called a hub or switch. Each connected device requires a single cable to be connected to the
hub, creating a point-to-point connection between the device and the hub. Using a separate
cable to connect to the hub allows the network to be expanded without disruption to the
network. A break in any single cable will not cause the entire network to fail. Figure 1.5
provides an example of a star topology. The star topology is the most widely implemented
network design in use today, but it is not without its shortcomings. Because all devices
connect to a centralized hub, this creates a single point of failure for the network. If the hub
fails, any device connected to it will not be able to access the network. Because of the
number of cables required and the need for network devices, the cost of a star network is
often higher than other topologies. Table 1.4 summarizes the advantages and disadvantages
of the star topology.
 Advantages of star network
 Isolation of devices: each device is isolated by the link that connects it to the hub. By
so doing it makes the isolation of the individual devices simple. This isolation nature
also prevents any non centralized failure from affecting the network. In a star
network, a cable failure will isolate the workstation that it links to the central
computer, but only that workstation will be isolated. All the other workstations will
continue to function normally, except that they will not be able to communicate with
the isolated workstation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network)
 Simplicity: The topology is easy to understand, establish, and navigate. The simple
topology obviates the need for complex routing or message passing protocols. As
noted earlier, the isolation and centralization simplifies fault detection, as each link or
device can be probed individually .Due to its centralized nature, the topology offers
simplicity of operation.
 If any cable is not working then the whole network will not be affected: in a star
topology, each network device has a home run of cabling back to a network hub,
giving each device a separate connection to the network. If there is a problem with a
cable, it will generally not affect the rest of the network. The most common cable
media in use for star topologies is unshielded twisted pair copper cabling. If small
numbers of devices are utilized in this topology the data rate will be high. It is best for
short distance
 You can easily add new computers or devices to the network without interrupting
other nodes: The star network topology works well when computers are at scattered
points. It is easy to add or remove computers. New devices or nodes can easily be
added to the Star Network by just extending a cable from the hub. If the hub adds a
device for example a printer or a fax machine, all the other computers on the network
can access the new device by simply accessing the hub. The device need not be
installed on all the computers in the network. The central function is cost effective
and easier to maintain. If the computers are reasonably close to the vertices of a
convex polygon and the system requirements are modest. And also when one
computer falls short then it won’t affect the whole communication.
 Centralization: the star topologies ease the chance of a network failure by linking all
of the computers to a central node. All computers may therefore communicate with all
others by transmitting to and receiving from the central node only. Benefits from
centralization: As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing capacity of the central
hub or adding additional devices to the star, can help scale the network very easily.
The central nature also allows the check up of traffic through the network. This helps
evaluate all the traffic in the network and establish apprehensive behavior .
 Easy to troubleshoot: in a star network the whole network is reliant on the hub so if
the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. This
feature makes it easy to troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection ad
at the same time the dependency is also very high on that single point
 Better performance: star network prevents unnecessary passing of the data packet
through nodes. At most 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any communication
between any two devices which are part of this topology. This topology encourage a
huge overhead on the central hub, however if the central hub has plenty of capacity,
then very high network used by one device in the network does not affect the other
devices in the network. Data Packets are sent quickly as they do not have to travel
through any unnecessary. The big advantage of the star network is that it is fast. This
is because each computer terminal is attached directly to the central computer .
 Easy installation: Installation is simple, inexpensive, and fast because of the flexible
cable and the modular connector.

 Disadvantages of star network

 If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled: The primary

disadvantage of a star topology is the high dependence of the system on the
functioning of the central hub. While the failure of an individual link only results in
the isolation of a single node, the failure of the central hub renders the network
inoperable, immediately isolating all nodes.
 2 The performance and scalability of the network also depend on the capabilities of
the hub. Network size is limited by the number of connections that can be made to
the hub, and performance for the whole network is limited by its throughput. While
in theory traffic between the hub and a node is isolated from other nodes on the
 network, other nodes may see a performance drop if traffic to another node occupies
a significant portion of the central node’s processing capability or throughput.
 The primary disadvantage of the star topology is the hub is a single point of failure: If
the hub were to fall short the whole network would fail as a result of the hub being
connected to every computer on the network. There will be communication break
down between the computers when the hub fails.
 Star topology requires more cable length: When the network is being extended then
there will be the need of more cables and this result in intricate installation.
 More Expensive than other topologies: it is expensive due to cost of the hub. Star
topology uses a lot of cables thus making it the most costly network to set up as you
also have to trunk to keep the cables out of harm way. Every computer requires a
separate cable to form the network. . A common cable that is used in Star Network is
the UTP or the unshielded twisted pair cable. Another common cable that is used in
star networks is the RJ45 or the Ethernet cables

 Applications

Star topology is a networking setup used with 10BASE-T cabling (also called UTP or
twisted-pair) and a hub. Each item on the network is connected to the hub like points of a
star. The protocols used with star configurations are usually Ethernet or local-talk. Token
Ring uses a similar topology, called the star-wired ring.

Star Topology is the most common type of network topology that is used in homes and
offices. In the Star Topology there is a central connection point called the hub which is a
computer hub or sometimes just a switch. In a Star Network the best advantage is when there
is a failure in cable then only one computer might get affected and not the entire network.

Star topology is used to ease the probabilities of network failure by connecting all of the
systems to a central node. This central hub rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any
peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating
node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all others by transmitting to, and
receiving from, the central node only.

Star network is used to transmit data across the central hub between the network nodes. When
a packet comes to the hub it transfers that packet to all nodes connected through a hub but
only one node at a time successfully transmits it.

In local area networks where the star topology is used, each machine is connected to a central
hub. In contrast to the bus topology, the star topology allows each machine on the network to
have a point to point connection to the central hub and there is no single point of failure. All
of the traffic which transverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a
signal booster or repeater which in turn allows the signal to travel greater distances.

When it is important that your network have increased stability and speed, the star topology
should be considered. When you use a hub, you get centralized administration and security
control, low configuration costs and easy troubleshooting. When one node or workstation
goes down, the rest of your network will still be functional.
  Conclusion

A star network is a local area network in which all computers are directly connected to a
common central computer. Every workstation is indirectly connected to every other through
the central computer. In some star networks, the central computer can also operate as a
workstation

A Star Network Topology is best suited for smaller networks and works efficiently when
there is limited number of nodes. One has to ensure that the hub or the central node is always
working and extra security features should be added to the hub because it s the heart of the
network. To expand a star topology network, you’ll need to add another hub and go to a “star
of stars” topology.

In a Star Network Topology it is possible to have all the important data backups on the hub in
a private folder and this way if the computer fails you can still use your data using the next
computer in the network and accessing the backup files on the hub.

 Ring Topology

A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other
nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. Data
travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.

Rings can be unidirectional, with all traffic travelling either clockwise or anticlockwise
around the ring, or bidirectional (as in SONET/SDH). Because a unidirectional ring topology
provides only one pathway between any two nodes, unidirectional ring networks may be
disrupted by the failure of a single link.[1] A node failure or cable break might isolate every
node attached to the ring. In response, some ring networks add a "counter-rotating ring" (C-
Ring) to form a redundant topology: in the event of a break, data are wrapped back onto the
complementary ring before reaching the end of the cable, maintaining a path to every node
along the resulting C-Ring. Such "dual ring" networks include the ITU-T's PSTN telephony
systems network Signalling System No. 7 (SS7), Spatial Reuse Protocol, Fiber Distributed
Data Interface (FDDI), and Resilient Packet Ring. IEEE 802.5 networks – also known as
IBM Token Ring networks – avoid the weakness of a ring topology altogether: they actually
use a star topology at the physical layer and a media access unit (MAU) to imitate a ring at
the datalink layer.
All Signalling System No. 7 (SS7), and some SONET/SDH rings have two sets of
bidirectional links between nodes. This allows maintenance or failures at multiple points of
the ring usually without loss of the primary traffic on the outer ring by switching the traffic
onto the inner ring past the failure points.

A ring topology is a network configuration where device connections create a

circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle.
Together, devices in a ring topology are referred to as a ring network.

In a ring network, packets of data travel from one device to the next until they reach their
destination. Most ring topologies allow packets to travel only in one direction, called
a unidirectional ring network. Others permit data to move in either direction,
called bidirectional.The major disadvantage of a ring topology is that if any individual
connection in the ring is broken, the entire network is affected.Ring topologies may be used
in either LANs (local area networks) or WANs (wide area networks). Depending on
the network card used in each computer of the ring topology, a coaxial cable or an RJ-
45 network cable is used to connect computers together.

There are two types of the Ring Topology based on the data flow:

 Unidirectional and,
 Bidirectional
A Unidirectional ring topology handles data traffic in either clockwise or anticlockwise
direction. This data network, thus, can also be called as a half-duplex network. A
Unidirectional ring topology is thus easy to maintain compared to the bidirectional ring
topology.
Ex: SONET network, SDH network etc.
A SONET/ SDH is a standardized network protocol that transfers data streams over optical
fibers. Whereas, a bidirectional ring topology handles data traffic in both the direction and
can be a full-duplex network.
 Working

In a ring network each device (workstation, server, printer) is connected to two other devices
- this forms a ring for the signals to travel around. Each packet of data on the network travels
in one direction and each device receives each packet in turn until the destination device
receives it. When the data is needed to reach at a specific node, then the data packet goes
through each of the intermediate nodes in the ring topology network and when it reaches the
destination node, it gets copied at that system.

And when the data packet (after the packet passes through each node or in a full circle) it gets
returned to the sender’s node, and ultimately gets removed from the transmission source
station.

Moreover, the nodes of ring topology have equal access to network media. But, this builds a
conflict situation i.e. if one of the nodes (or system) fails to transmit the data through itself,
the entire network gets failed.
Carefully consider the following picture for a better understanding of working Information
about Ring Topology. The picture shows a Ring Network of six computers. For your
convenience, there is an anti-clockwise numbering of devices. But you can assign numbers in
clockwise direction too. There is absolutely nothing to worry about it. When no device is
communicating, Token will be circulating through the Network. Let us suppose that in this
scenario, Token is circulating in anti-clockwise direction. Suppose Computer-1
(Sender) wants to send data message to Computer-5 (Receiver). The whole communication
will take place in the following steps:

1. Sender will request for Token assignment for initiating communication.

2. If Token is available then it will be assigned to Sender, otherwise Sender has to
wait for Token to become available. Suppose Token is free and assigned
to Sender.
3. Sender will now have the charge of the whole Ring Network. Sender will attach
the Receiver address with the data message and send it.
4. The message will travel in anti-clockwise direction. Hence, it will pass through
the the computers numbered 2, 3 and 4.
5. Each of these computers will receive the data message and check the destination
address. For instance, Computer-2 will receive the data message first and check
the destination address.
6. If the current computer address and destination address are not same then the
computer forwards the data message to the next computer. For instance,
again, Computer-2 will check the destination address. Destination address
is Computer-5. So, the addresses don`t match and Computer-2 will forward the
message to Computer-3. Same process will be repeated at each computer.
7. If the current computer address matches the destination address then the
computer will keep the data and release the Token. For example, at Computer-5,
both current address and destination address are the same. So, Computer-5 will
keep the the data and release the Token.

 Diagram
  Implemntation

In this section, I am going to write down different steps for constructing Ring Topology in
Cisco Packet Tracer. I will also be explaining each and every step for your proper
understanding. I will demonstrate every step with the help of picture. This will help you in
enhancing your learning. But before beginning this tutorial you should fulfill following
requirements:

Place Computers on Drawing Area (Step 1)

In this step you will need to place Computers or Computing Devices on the main drawing
area. You can find Computers easily in the tools menu (bottom left corner). In the tools
menu, find ‘End Devices’ option to find Computing Devices. There are plenty of end
devices like Server, Laptop, Desktop, Tablet PC and many more that you can use. Click on
the end device you want to use. After clicking on the device place your pointer on the
drawing area. After that click again. You will see clearly that device is placed on the drawing
area. Repeat this same process for placing any number of end devices you want. As described
earlier I have placed only four Desktop Computers for the sake of convenience.
Draw Switches on Drawing Area (Step 2)
You can`t connect computers directly with each other. You obviously need an intermediate
device that will serve this purpose. There are variety of options available in Cisco Packet
Tracer Toolbox. For example, you have separate sections labelled
as Routers, Switches, Hubs and Wireless Devices in the tools menu. Each of these devices
have specialized usage. Hub and Switch are two suitable devices for making Ring Topology
Network in Cisco Packet Tracer. I will be using a Switch for this purpose. Now, draw
four Switch Devices from the tools menu using the same process you used while
drawing computers.

Create Communication Links (Step 3)

So far we have just placed Computers and Switches. It is is evident from picture that there is
no Communication Channel between these devices. For communication to occur, we must
have a proper communication link or channel. In this step we will be creating communication
link between each pair of computer and its corresponding switch. We will connect PC0 with
Switch0, PC1 with Switch1 and so on.  I will use standard Un-shielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
Cable or Ethernet Cable for this purpose. In order to find Ethernet Cable go to icon labelled
as ‘Connections’ in Cisco Packet Tracer Tools Menu. There are plenty of cable types in this
menu. However, you will not any cable named Ethernet Cable. In Packet Tracer, an Ethernet
Cable is named as ‘Copper Cable’. Moreover, you will find two options for this cable type:

1. Straight-Trough
2. Cross-Over

Connect Computer to Switch

1. Select Ethernet Straight-Through from Cisco Packet Tracer Tool Menu. This is

easily done by clicking on the designated cable icon.
2. After selecting cable type, move to drawing area. Click on the Computer and you
will be able to see option menu. As we are working with Ethernet Cable so we
will select Fast Ethernet from the menu. You will be able to see a black colored
line along-with mouse pointer.

 Advantages of Ring topology :

 In this data flows in one direction which reduces the chance of packet
collisions.
 In this topology additional workstations can be added after without
impacting performance of the network.
 Equal access to the resources.
 There is no need of server to control the connectivity among the nodes in the
topology.
 It is cheap to install and expand.
 Minimum collision.
  Speed to transfer the data is very high in this type of topology.
 Due to the presence of token passing the performance of ring topology
becomes better than bus topology under heavy traffic.
 Easy to manage.
 Ring network is extremely orderly organized where every device has access
to the token and therefore the opportunity to transmit.
 Reduced chances of data collision as each node release a data packet after
 receiving the token.
 Token passing makes ring topology perform better than bus topology under
heavy
 traffic
 No need of server to control connectivity among the nodes
 Equal access to the resources

1.0 Cost-effective:

There is no need for a server computer to make the network. All computers behave the same
and have the same processing power. It is also easy to set up, install and expand computers in
the network. Ring topology is economic as compared to a hybrid, mesh, and tree topology.

2.0 High speed:

The data flow clockwise or anticlockwise which mean it flows unidirectionally. If data flows
in one direction then the speed of data transfer is high. Also, data is transferred in the form of
data packets (tokens) so the speed of data is high.

3.0 No collision:

There is no collision of data. One computer with the empty token can transfer data in the
network. So all computers have to wait to get a token. If a node gets a token then that
computer can only transfer data making it collision-free.

4.0 Robust:

Many nodes can be connected to the network making it robust. Ring topology can support as
many nodes as it can adjust.

5.0 Resource balance:

The network resources are equally distributed among the network. All computers are given
token equally and all computers share the data and resources equally.

6.0 Repeaters:
The network can expand with more nodes with the help of repeaters and boosters. The
repeaters can boost the data and data can travels in the long distance also.

7.0 Maintenance:

The maintenance of ring topology is easy as compared to bus topology. There is no need for
an administrator computer to control the network. Troubleshooting in this network is also
easy and cable damage can be easily noticed in the ring topology.

 Disadvantages of Ring topology :

 Due to the Uni-directional Ring, a data packet (token) must have to pass through
all the nodes.
 If one workstation shuts down, it affects whole network or if a node goes down
entire network goes down.
 It is slower in performance as compared to the bus topology
 It is Expensive.
 Addition and removal of any node during a network is difficult and may cause
issue in network activity.
 Difficult to troubleshoot the ring.
 In order for all the computer to communicate with each other, all computer must
be turned on.
 Total dependence in on one cable.
 They were not Scalable.

1.0 Adding/removing of nodes:

It is difficult to add/remove the node in ring topology because it will stop working on the
network. As data flows from one computer to other so adding a new node can stop the
network. Also removing any node will temporary stops the data flow in the network.

2.0 The token is required:

All nodes require a token to send/receive data. So all the computers have to wait for the
empty token to reach them.

3.0 Slow than Ethernet:

Ring topology is slower in performance than Ethernet network. Ring network uses coaxial
cable or RJ-45 cable which is slower than Ethernet cable.

4.0 Cable/node damage:

If cable damage then the whole network stops working. Also if any node disconnects due to
any problem then the whole network cease.

5.0 Old technology:

Ring topology was the first time used to network IBM computers. Nowadays LAN become
high speed and there is no need for ring topology and it is old now.

6.0 Performance:

A ring network is slower than bus topology.  Ring topology is also difficult to scale. All
computers have to be turned on to keep the network working.

 Application

Typically you will not find Ring Topology Examples in real life now-a-days because it is
massively replaced by Star Network. However, one of the common example that still exists
is SONET Rings. SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Networking. It uses Fiber Optic
Cables for heavy load data transfers for long distances. You can simply think SONET to
be Fiber Optic Cable Ring Topology. It is highly reliable Computer Network for
synchronizing various branch offices of a multi-national company. Due to the use of Fiber
Optic Cable, it provides the best data transfer speeds. SONET is one of the most
popular Applications of Ring Topology.
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: Patil Darshana Mohan Enrollment No: 1911670198
Name of Programme: Computer Engineering Semester: IV
Course Title: Data Communication And Computer Network Course Code: 22414
Title of Micro Project: Star And Ring Topology
Learning Outcomes Achieved:
1: Design Normalized database on given data
2: Create & manage database using SQL command
3: Write PL/SQL code for given database
4: Apply triggers on database also create procedure & function according to condition
5: Apply security & confidentiality on given database
Poor Average Good Excellent
Sr Sub
Characteristic to be Assessed Marks Marks Marks Marks
No Total
(1-3) (4-5) (6-8) (9-10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 Marks)
1 Relevance to the Course
2 Literature Review/Information Collection
3 Completion of the Target as per Project Proposal
4 Analysis of Data & Representation
5 Quality of Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva

(A) (B)
Total Marks
Process and Product Assessment Individual Presentation/Viva
(10 Marks)
(6 Marks) (4 Marks)

Comments/Suggestions about Teamwork/Leadership/Inter-personal

Communication (if any)
…………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………

Name & Designation of Course Teacher: A.S.Mutrak

Dated Signature: