Appendices Meeting 11 Sept 2019

Appendix 1
List of participants
Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

Participants EFC WP15 meeting 11th September 2019 Seville (Spain)
NAME SURNAME COMPANY COUNTRY

Al Aithan Jehad Saudi Aramco SAUDI ARABIA
Al Musharfy Mohamed ADNOC Refining Research Center UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Bateman Colin IGS UK
Bhamji Imran TWI UK
Chmielarski Jarema Armacell POLAND
Claesen Chris J Nalco Champion BELGIUM
De Landtsheer Gino Borealis BELGIUM
Dean Frank Ion Science Ltd UK
Demma Alessandro Omnia Integrity SPAIN
Dodelin Laure Total Refining & Chemicals FRANCE
Escorza Erick Tenaris Dalmine ITALY
Fischbacher Peter Emerson Automation Solutions ITALY
Fullin Luna Tenaris Dalmine ITALY
Gregoire Vincent Equinor NORWAY
Hasek David ATI Metals USA
Hofmeister Martin Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH GERMANY
Holmes Briony TWI UK
Houlle Patrice Patrice Houlle Corrosion Service - MTI FRANCE
Höwing Jonas Sandvik SWESEN
Kawakami Tadashi Nippon Steel European Office GERMANY
Kus Slawomir Honeywell UK
Lasarte Carlos Combustión, Energía & Ambiente, S.A. SPAIN
Lee Chi-Ming TWI UK
Lheureux Mathieu NEOTISS FRANCE
Lorkin David Ionix Advanced Technologies UK
Lucci Antonio Rina Consulting ITALY
Maddi Mohamed ADNOC Refining UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Madeddu Enrico SARTEC SARAS ITALY
Magel Chis PPG Protective & Marine Coatings UK
Magel Chris PPG Protective & Marine Coatings BELGIUM
Monnot Martin Industeel FRANCE
Olahova Natalia Kubota Materials CANADA
Onodera Yoichi Mitsui & Co Ltd JAPAN
Prencipe Roberta Rina Consulting ITALY
Rangel Pedro CEPSA SPAIN
Rodriguez Jorva Javier CEPSA SPAIN
Ropital François IFP Energies nouvelles FRANCE
Schempp Philipp Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH GERMANY
Serra Mario SARLUX ITALY
Sharma Prafull Corrosion RADAR UK
Soltani Askar South Pars Gas Complex IRAN
Suardi Edoardo SARLUX ITALY

Suleiman Mabruk ADNOC Refining Research Center UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Surbled Antoine A.S – CORR CONSULT FRANCE
Tabaud Frederic BP RTE NETHERLANDS
Ulm Philipp Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft mbH GERMANY
Van Rodijnen Fred Oerlikon metco GERMANY
Shell Global Solutions International
van Roij Johan B.V. NETHERLANDS
Vlad Gogulancea LUKOIL Neftochim Bourgas JSC ROMANIA
Zhang Jian-Zhong SABIC UK
Zlatnik Ivan MITSUI & Co Deutschland CZECH REPUBLIC

Appendix 2
EFC WP15 Activities
(Francois Ropital)

EFC Working Parties
http://www.efcweb.org
• WP 1: Corrosion Inhibition
• WP 3: High Temperature
• WP 4: Nuclear Corrosion
• WP 5: Environmental Sensitive Fracture
• WP 6: Surface Science and Mechanisms of corrosion and protection
• WP 7: Education
• WP 8: Testing
• WP 9: Marine Corrosion
• WP 10: Microbial Corrosion
• WP 11: Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete
• WP 12: Computer based information systems
• WP 13: Corrosion in oil and gas production
• WP 14: Coatings
• WP 15: Corrosion in the refinery and petrochemistry industry
(created in sept. 96 with John Harston as first chairman)
• WP 16: Cathodic protection
• WP 17: Automotive
• WP 18: Tribocorrosion
• WP 19: Corrosion of polymer materials
• WP 20: Corrosion by drinking waters
• WP 21: Corrosion of archaeological and historical artefacts
• WP 22: Corrosion control in aerospace
• WP 23: Corrosion reliability of Electronics
• Task Force on Corrosion in CO2 Capture Storage (CCS) applications
• Task Force on atmospheric corrosion
EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain

1
Presentation of the activities of WP15
European Federation of Corrosion (EFC)

• Federation of 29 National Associations
• 21 Working Parties (WP) and 1 Task Force
• Annual Corrosion congress « Eurocorr »
• Thematic workshops and symposiums
• Working Party meetings (for WP15 twice a year)
• Publications
for more information http://www.efcweb.org

2
1
EFC Working Party 15 « Corrosion in Refinery » Activities
http://efcweb.org/WP15.html
Chairman: Francois Ropital Deputy Chairman: Johan Van Roij
Information Exchange – Forum for Technology

Sharing of refinery materials /corrosion experiences by operating company
representatives (ie corrosion atlas).
Sharing materials/ corrosion/ protection/ monitoring information by providers
Eurocorr Conferences : organization of refinery session and joint session with

other WPs (2020 Brussels-Belgium, 2021 Budapest-Hungary, 2022 Berlin-
Germany)
WP Meetings
One WP 15 working party meeting in Spring,
One meeting at Eurocorr in September in conjunction with the conference,
Publications - Guidelines
Education – qualification – certification

List of "corrosion refinery" related courses on EFC website ?
Proposal
EFC ofmeeting
WP15 annual courses within2019
11 September Eurocorr ?
Seville - Spain
3
EFC Working Party 15 « Corrosion in Refinery »
List of the WP15 spring meetings :
10 April 2003 Pernis - NL (Shell)

8-9 March 2004 Milan -Italy (ENI)
17-18 March 2005 Trondheim- Norway (Statoil)
31 March 2006 Porto Maghera - Italy (ENI)
26 April 2007 Paris - France (Total)
15 April 2008 Leiden -NL (Nalco)
23 April 2009 Vienna - Austria (Borealis)
22 June 2010 Budapest - Hungary (MOL)
14 April 2011 Paris - France (EFC Head offices)
26 April 2012 Amsterdam - NL (Shell)
8 April 2014 Mechelen - Belgium (Borealis)
14 April 2015 Leiden -NL (Nalco)
13 April 2017 Frankfurt - Germany (EFC Head offices)
3 May 2018 Dalmine - Italy (Tenaris)
10 April 2019 Roma - Italy (Rina CSM)
EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain 4
2
Publications from WP15
•EFC Guideline n° 55 Corrosion Under Insulation
A revision is in progress by a task force
•EFC Guideline n° 46 on corrosion in amine units

A revision is in progress by a task force
• Best practice guideline on corrosion in sea water cooling systems (joint document
WP9 Marine Corrosion and WP15)
In progress by a task force
•Future publications – task forces : suggestions ?

•best practice guideline to avoid and characterize stress relaxation cracking ?

5
Information :
Future conferences related to refinery corrosion
15-19 March 2020

CORROSION 2020 NACE Conf Houston Texas
6-10 September 2020

EUROCORR 2020 Brussels Belgium
19-23 September 2021

EUROCORR 2021 Budapest Hungary
4-8 September 2022

EUROCORR 2022 Berlin Germany
Look at the Website: www.efcweb.org/Events
EFC WP15 Spring meeting 10 April 2019 Roma - Italy

6
3
Best practice guideline on corrosion
in sea water heat exchangers systems
1- Introduction M. Suleiman (chapter leader)
2- Main seawater heat exchangers systems and other uses, M. Suleiman (chapter
leader), V. Bour-Beucler (contributor)
3- Seawater environment: aggressivity, living organisms, deposits and scale formation,

pretreatment A.M. Grolleau (chapter leader) . M. Suleiman
4- Different forms of corrosion in sea water heat exchangers systems (galvanic, crevice,
erosion…) A.M. Grolleau (chapter leader), F. Ropital
5- Biocide treatments (chlorination) – how they can affect the corrosion resistance V.
Bour-Beucler (chapter leader) A.M. Grolleau, P. Bleriot
6- Corrosion and scale inhibitors P. Bleriot (chapter leader)
7- Corrosion tests A.M. Grolleau (chapter leader)

7
Best practice guideline on corrosion

in sea water heat exchangers systems
8- Materials used A. Surbled (chapter leader)
Carbon steels and coating and concrete A. Surbled F. Dupoiron
Stainless steels D. Thierry, A.M. Grolleau A. Philipp
Nickel base alloy D. Thierry, A.M. Grolleau , A. Philipp
Copper alloys A.M. Grolleau
Aluminium, Titanium alloys A. Surbled F. Dupoiron
Plastics , composites, non metallic J.M Daubenfeld, M. Suleiman
9- Corrosion protection J.Z. Zhang (chapter leader)

Material selection to avoid galvanic corrosion J.Z. Zhang
Coatings J.Z. Zhang
Corrosion control by use of cathodic protection A.M. Grolleau, J.Z. Zhang
10-Maintenance and tube cleaning F. Dupoiron (chapter leader) J.Z. Zhang A.

Surbled,
11- Control and monitoring, inspection techniques A. Surbled (chapter leader)

8
4
EFC Working Party 15 « Corrosion in Refinery » Activities
Who is an EFC member
To be an EFC member you (individually or your company, university) has to be
member of one of 29 national EFC "member societies". Your company or university
can now also an affiliate member.
For example:
in Norway: Norsk Korrojonstekniske Forening
in France: Cefracor
in Germany: Dechema or GfKORR
in UK: Institute of Corrosion or IOM or NACE Europe
in The Netherlands: Bond voor Materialenkennis
in Poland: Polish Corrosion Society
.................
You will find all these information on www.efcweb.org or in the EFC Newsletter
Benefits to be an EFC member:

- 20% discount on EFC Publications and NACE Publications
- reduction at the Eurocorr conference
- Access the new EFC web restricted pages (papers of the previous Eurocorr
Conference) via your national corrosion society web pages
9
5
Appendix 3
Integrity operating window in amine units
(Askar Soltani)

Integrity operating window in amine
Askar Soltani
South Pars Gas Complex, Inspection Department, Asaluyeh, Iran

[email protected]
Introduction
One of the most challenging issues in amine units is to find out the basic culprit and
prove its effect as the main corrosive component. However corrosive agents such as
HSAS (Heat Stable Amine Salts), amine degradation byproducts, oxygen ingress and acid
gases can play the main role in corrosion scenario in amine units but there is another
hidden player which sometimes stands in safe side and takes no responsibility of not being
within the limits of IOW (Integrity Operating Window) as shown in figure 1, and doesn't
accept its role in this kind of corrosion. After observing severe corrosion in the bottom of
regenerator and also the reboiler of AGE unit, it was decided to conduct a root cause
analysis by further internal inspection in other trains, reviewing the operational conditions
and also amine solution laboratory analysis. Comparing operational conditions in
different amine treating units revealed that the rich amine inlet temperature into the
regenerator column was lower than the design value due to the problems in lean/rich cross
exchangers. In order to compensate the low temperature in the top portion of the stripper
column the operator increased steam rate into the reboiler and the elevated temperature
Figure 2: Some important IOW in amine units
was exceeded the maximum allowable temperature for steam which increased the
probability of thermal degradation of amine in the bulk solution. Lab results revealed that
the amine was degraded and the content of HSAS were considerable. Comparing the
corrosion extent in different amine treating units revealed that however amine solution in
all of the trains were degraded but the corrosion was observed in trains with poor
operating conditions (i.e. low temperature of rich amine feeding into the regenerator
column).
Methods
To investigate the root causes of amine corrosion two methods followed:
• Internal closed visual inspection
• Laboratory analysis of amine solution
A closed visual inspection was conducted in the first overhaul of the AGE (Acid
gas Enrichment) unit in sulfur recovery plant. Severe corrosion with more than 3
mm of metal loss was observed on the bottom portion of the regenerator column Figure 3: Comparative plots of amine specification in different amine treating units
(from the bottom dish end up to the chimney trays) and also on the side
locations of the regenerator reboiler and some parts of weir plate. Further
internal inspections were conducted in six other trains in gas sweetening units in
order to compare the conditions from corrosion points of view. The corrosion
Results
was observed in only one of these trains. Samples were taken from suspected Results of internal inspection and laboratory analysis were as following:
amine solutions in order to do more laboratory analysis. Comparative lab results • However almost all the amine solutions in different treating units were
in different amine units have been illustrated in figure 3. degraded but corrosion was occurred only in 2 number of trains with
more deviation in rich amine inlet temperature to the stripper column
• Corrosion in the reboiler was more severe compared to the regenerator
bottom
• Considerable amount of DEA in the amine solution of AGE unit revealed
thermal degradation of amine due to elevated temperatures because of
excessive steam flow during a short period of time
• In corroded units the concentration of formate and acetate anions were
considerably more than other trains
• It seems that acetate anion compared to formate and succinate is less
effective on corrosion in amine units
Conclusions
Conclusions from our research categorizes as following:
• Comparing the corrosion extent in different amine treating units revealed that however
amine solution in all of the trains were degraded but the corrosion was observed in
trains with poor operating conditions (i.e. low temperature of rich amine feeding into
the regenerator column).
• Due to the safety problems, retrieving the corrosion coupons is not applicable during
the operation of amine units, so we need to have an applicable inspection plan in
reasonable intervals. But a big question arises here and that is what interval is reliable
before the corrosion occur after the last inspection? Is it reliable to plan future
inspection based on the last inspection history ? This question has a simple response
which highlights the necessity of establishing and implementing an IOW program for
amine operational parameters. This is a reliable troubleshooting recommendation.
• Without having an appropriate IOW, the RBI program would not have its required
efficiency in maintaining the integrity of equipments and it is not enough to plan the
future inspections only on prior records and prior history of the equipments and
understanding of the process conditions
• Our experience showed us, a continuous monitoring of process conditions is required
Figure 1: Comparison of corrosion extent in different amine treating units: a) Chimney tray to prevent premature failures. Inspection intervals needs to be modified based on the
area of GTU1, b) Chimney tray area of GTU 3, C) Chimney tray area of GTU4, d) Chimney changes in the operational conditions and this is an IOW program which is able to
tray area of GTU 5, e) Chimney tray area of GTU 6 , f) Chimney tray area of SRU help the inspector in this regard.
www.postersession.com
Paper ID: 227316 www.postersession.com
Appendix 4
CUI, practical approach from a coating

perspective
(Chris Magel)

9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
CUI, practical approach from a coating

perspective
Content
• Corrosion under insulation and approach

• Testing of coatings serving under insultation
• Clarification of the CUI coating range
• Typical systems
1
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Corrosion under insulation
CUI is defined as the external corrosion of piping and vessels that occurs when water gets trapped
beneath insulation. CUI damage takes the form of localized corrosion in carbon and low alloy steels.
Factors that affect CUI include
• Duration, frequency of exposure to moisture

• Corrosivity of the aqueous environment
• Condition of protective barriers (cladding, coating,…)
• Design
• Temperatures ( -4°C to +175°C // also outside this zone!)
• Cyclic temperatures??
• Insulation type
• Climate
• Site maintenance practice
• General environment (proximity of saltwater, cooling towers,…)
API 583
PPG HI-TEMP™ heat-resistant coatings 3
Gaps exist in cladding Via rain, water enters the • Water boils at the pipe
• Damage system down to the insulation • Electrolytes in the water
• Poor sealing and steel. concentrate
• Improper fit • Steam condenses when it
• All cladding leaks eventually reaches the cladding
Pipe Pipe Pipe
Insulation Insulation Insulation
Cladding Cladding Cladding
PPG HI-TEMP™ heat-resistant coatings Very Aggressive Corrosion 4
2
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
• Nothing stays hot forever

• Water under cladding is never completely expelled
• Additional water can enter damaged cladding
• Electrolytes in the water may concentrate
• Eventually the insulation becomes saturated or will hold water (depending on insulation)
The substrate will corrode if not properly protected
FOTOS
It is important to take all aspects of the application into account as they all are equally important to
reduce the problem of corrosion under insulation. The most important aspects are
a. Sheeting
• correct sheeting selected
• correct application
• correctly sealed
a.
b. Insulation
• reduced or no water uptake (water repellant)
• very limited chloride content
• designed to serve the purpose (not more, not less)
c. Coating b.
• suited for the temperature range
• immersion resistant c.
• able to serve under cyclic temperature conditions, intermittent boiling water.
• easy to repair if damaged
•must be able to withstand a worst case scenario
3
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Protective coating
• Select the correct coating: This is the LAST

barrier to the steel!
• Define temperature range,
• Define possible surface preparation
• Select coating which serves the goal!
• Weigh coating cost up to expected service
life!
ALL OPERATING CONDITIONS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED, INCLUDING OUT OF SERVICE

STATE WHEN SELECTING THE CORRECT PROTECTIVE SYSTEM
Testing of coatings that serve under insulation
• No specific test standard until last month

• Several guidelines addressing the subject of CUI
• API 583
• EFC WP13 and WP14
• These a very detailed documents addressing all aspects in mitigating CUI
starting from the design phase.
• All “last barriers” towards the steel are addressed (wrapping, TSA, coating)
• general approach towards coatings (“conventional coating”)
• NACE 0198-2010
• Standard practice document (control of corrosion under thermal insulation
and fireproofing materials)
• Defines typical recommended generic coating systems based on different
temperature zones
4
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Test standard published in DECEMBER 2018 under committee ISO TC 67 WG 11 (ISO19277)

Standard defines:
• CUI environments
• Temperature ranges
• Specific testing to be done depending on the environment like
• Neutral salt spray
• Water condensation test
• Immersion test (if applicable)
• Thermal cycling test
• Specific CUI test (Houston pipe test/PPG CUI chamber test,…this is still to be defined
Classification Minimum Peak Temperature Range Description

CUI-1 -45⁰C -45⁰C 60⁰C Wet
CUI-2 -45⁰C 60⁰C 150⁰C Warm
CUI-3 -45⁰C 150⁰C 204⁰C Hot
CUI-4 -45⁰C 204⁰C 450⁰C Very Hot
PPG HI-TEMP™ heat-resistant coatings
5
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Typical test methods for elevated temperature coatings

• ASTM B-117:
• Salt Fog Chamber 3500–4500 hours
• ASTM 2485:
• This test ensures adhesion based on CTE after severe thermal shock
• ASTM 2402:
• Mass loss is critical in determining the porosity and longevity of a coating
Specific CUI test methods

• Shell Test; Cyclic Wet / Dry Immersion Testing 16 weeks
• Modified Houston Pipe Test 21-30 days
• ASTM G189
• PPG HTC CUI Chamber Test (1008 hours, 252 cycles)
Other tests only focus on dry exposure and/or thermal shock.
PPG CUI Chamber Test 2008
Uses ASTM G189 as a model

• For simplicity the insulation is omitted
• Temperature control: ambient to 250°C
• Consistent and repeatable results.
• The chamber environment can be totally controlled
Approvals: Shell Oil 2008, Aramco 2010
Method B:
• 5% NaCl solution
• Set wet/dry cycle time [4 hours]
• 42 day duration [252 cycles] 1008 hours
• Internal temp 350°F [179°C]
• Steam-out immersion temp 212°F [100°C]
6
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Positioning of PPG CUI coating range
CUI solutions can be classified by generic type, temperature or type of application

Generic Type Temperature Type of application
• Epoxy Glass Flake • Insulated assets can be • New build (NB)
• Epoxy Phenolic exposed to extreme conditions • Maintenance & Repair (M&R)
• Multipolymeric ranging from -196°C to 650°C
Generic type discussions are

usually held by asset owners and The operating temperature of the M&R scenarios might require from
engineering companies. insulated asset will determine the your solution to be surface
Depending on the assets, they type of technology needed for tolerant, applicable by brush or
specify technologies that will give certain job roll, one-component material.
the best protection and contribute NB scenarios will require blast
to extending the life cycle of the cleaned surfaces and a coating
assets less prone to mechanical
damages
16
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9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Positioning of PPG CUI coating range
Legend Best fit for use

Suitable for use
Not suitable for use
NB /
min SURFACE
M&R PREP
-46°C (- 121°C 204°C 232°C 760°C
-196°C (-321°F) 50°F) -18°C (0°F) (250°F) 149°C (300°F) (400°F) (450°F) 316°C (600°F) 482°C (900°F) 650°C (1200°F) (1400°F)
Epoxy Phenolic SA2.5
Epoxy (imm) ST2
MP copolymer ST3
MP hybrid SA2.5
IMPM ST2
17
Typical systems
INORGANIC ZINC
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
• High temperature limits • Thin film coating (75µm)

• Good sacrificial corrosion protection • Corrosion can occur with zinc
• SP0198 CS-8 as a bulk shop primer and consumption in corrosion cell
when used - a top coat is recommended • Will not survive long in wet environments
• Thermal shock and cycling may reduce life
expectancy
• May suffer “reverse galvanic” corrosion
between 60 and 80⁰C
• SA2,5 absolute minimum
Not recommended
8
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Typical systems
TSA
• Mechanical bond to substrate • SA2.5 absolute mimimum

• High durability • Limited suitability for maintenance
• High temperature limits • Coefficient of thermal expansion not
• Automated application possible matched to substrate. Can lead to stress in
thermal cyclic conditions
• costly
Typical systems
EPOXY AND EPOXY PHENOLIC
• Very good chemical resistance • SA2.5 absolute mimimum
• High durablity • Limited suitability for maintenance
• Hard and durable coatings • Coefficient of thermal expansion not
• Provides extremely good corrosion matched to substrate. Can lead to stress in
protection in immersion service thermal cyclic conditions
• Temperature limitations
9
9/13/2019 6:39:08 AM
Typical systems
INORGANIC COPOLYMER – HYBRID COPOLYMER - IMPM
• Large temperature range • Slightly higher initial cost
• CTE matches almost the substrate, so • Moderate chemical resistance (PH5 to 10)
thermally durable • Good but not best solution below 120°C
• Can whithstand thermal cycling
• Can whithstand thermal shock
• Surface tolerant (ST2)
• Easy to apply
• Hot application possible!
10
Appendix 5
Design of probes to evaluate the performance of

the different options of coatings to be used
under insulation
(Carlos Lasarte)

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
thermal insulation and fireproofing materials
The Control of Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation and Fireproofing Materials
Carlos Lasarte
Location
Carlos Lasarte
Polyethylene
Polyethylene
Power plant
Ammonia
Polyethylene
VC monomer
PVC Polystyrene
Chlorine-Soda Olefins 1& 2 Gas desulphurizer
Effluents
Carlos Lasarte
Evaluation - Characterization of the Macro

and Micro Environments in each area of the
plants to select the best coating options Carlos Lasarte
The test of the various options of coatings in each critical

area of the plants, to select the best performance
Carlos Lasarte
... To achieve the best possible protection, with

the best cost-benefit ratio, in each plant area
Carlos Lasarte
... But we had neglected the
protection of pipes and equipment
under thermal insulation.
Carlos Lasarte
A high percentage of equipment and pipes are thermally insulated.
The Facilities, with more than 35 years usually do not have
Metallic Surface Protective Coatings
For Different Reasons the Vapor Barrier and Waterproofing Covers Fail.
Once the Thermal Insulation System Becomes Permeable to
the Humidity of the Environment, the Metallic Surface begins a Wet Corrosion
Process, which will basically depend on the Operation-temperatures
Cycles and the Pollution Levels of the Environment.
Carlos Lasarte
Typical misuse of thermally insulated equipment and pipes
Carlos Lasarte
At that time:
References on Corrosion Problems Under Thermal Insulation
Technical Committee Report
NACE International Task Groups
 T-6H-31 Coating for Carbon and Stainless Steel Under Insulation
 T-5A-30 Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation
Reporte:
“A State–of–Art Report of Protective Coatings for Carbon Thermal Insulation
and Cementitious Fireproofing – última emisión: Marzo 1996”
How to Select the best Protective Coating Option?

Carlos Lasarte
How to Select the best Protective Coating Option?

To evaluate the various options of
protective coatings, to be used under
thermal insulation, the ASTM
standards were searched and since a
specific design was not found, a test
tube was designed to achieve an
evaluation with accelerated results
Carlos Lasarte
EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
Nipples Material: ASTM-53 GrB Insulating Materials Used:

 Fiberglass
Coatings
 Mineral Wool
 Inorganic Zinc (silicate)
 Calcium Silicate
 Silicone Aluminiun
 Aluminium Metallized
Surface Preparation: SSPC-SP5
“Saline Chamber” 4% p/v

Thermal Cycles 12 hours
Maximum temperature 150 ºC
Minimum temperature 30 ºC
Carlos Lasarte
Al Silicona Al Metalizado
Zinc Inorgánico Carlos Lasarte

RESULTADOS:
Probeta Tiempo de Relación Vs.
Exposición Blanco
Blanco 120 horas ………..

Insulating Performance
Control
Coating
Al Silicona 816 horas 6.8
Calcium Silicate Best
Zinc 1.104 horas 9.2

Fiberglass Intermedium
Inorgánico
4.800 horas
Al > 40 Mineral Wool Deteriorated most
sin ningún daño
Metalizado
Aluminium-Silicone and Inorganic Zinc failed by blistering first in combination with Mineral Wool
Carlos Lasarte
Almost immediately the results were used in

the painting of the heating jacket of a
polymerization reactor (Polystyrene),
making use of the combination: Inorganic
Zinc and Fiberglass, with apparent good
results after inspection done two years later.
It was necessary to implement

protections against misuse by
operators, who had to walk on
the insulation to act some valves
The rehabilitation process

continued with the
insulated pipes, located in
areas - very high humidity
microenvironments
Carlos Lasarte
The next protection system to be

implemented was the one used in the
structures covered with fire protection system
Carlos Lasarte
Using Chlorinated Rubber paint for direct protection of steel structures

and sealing of fire protection cement
Carlos Lasarte
Muchas Gracias por su Atención
Carlos Lasarte
Phone-WhatsApp +34-625898225
Skype: carlosluislasartev
[email protected]
Carlos Lasarte
Appendix 6
Overview of the research done recently at TWI
(Che Ming Lee)

Appendix 7
CorrosionRADAR CUI monitoring and

prediction system - Recent case studies
(Prafull Sharma)

CUI Monitoring System
and Predictive Corrosion
Management: Case
Studies
www.corrosionradar.com EFC Work Party 15

Annual Meeting
A Cranfield University Spinout September 11th 2019
Seville, Spain
Inspection 4.0
A NEW ERA OF ASSET INTEGRITY
Inspection 1.0 Inspection 2.0 Inspection 3.0 Inspection 4.0

Manual observation, Visualisation, Automated,
Statistics, RBI
Leaks NDT instruments Analytics, Prediction
Manual Automated
Detection Prediction
Reaction Prevention
CorrosionRADAR Ltd. 2
Problem
HIDDEN CORROSION
Oil & Gas Chemical Industry Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
Renewable Energy Civil & Construction
Corrosion Under Insulation
WHAT IS THE FUTURE
Imagine an ideal world with no CUI
Prevention
(Coatings, Insulations, Metallurgy..)
Monitoring
(NDT, Sensors, Data)
Solution
THE CURRENT PRACTICE
CURRENT PRACTICE
REACTIVE MAINTENANCE
WHERE?
HUMAN PERIODIC WHERE • Labour Intensive
• Unscheduled Shutdowns
JUDGEMENT + MANUAL
• Safety Risk
GUESSED RISK INSPECTION WHEN • High cost
CORROSION UNDER Cost of CUI in Oil and Gas > £3.5B Annual spent on CUI
INSULATION
IDEAL PRACTICE
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
WHERE • Minimal labour effort

AUTOMATED
CONTINUOUS • Scheduling Maintenance
RISK •
MONITORING Improve safety
PROFILING WHEN • Reduce cost
WHEN?
Solution
CORROSIONRADAR TECHNOLOGY
DETECT CONNECT PREDICT
Distributed Corrosion & Moisture Sensors Long-Life Battery Powered Predictive Asset Management
Long Range Coverage Remote Wireless Communications Asset life extension
Cost Effective Installation Continuous Monitoring Effective Risk Management
Covering Complex Pipe works Dashboard for Actionable Intelligence Historical Data & Analytics
Principle
ELECTROMAGNETIC GUIDED WAVE RADAR
Wave reflection time-of-flight locates the corrosion on sensor
CorrosionRADAR System
SPECIFICATIONS - SENSORS
Technology Fundamental:
The CorrosionRADAR (CR) technology is based on Guided-wave
Electromagnetic principle and embedded sensors inside the insulation.
CR sensors are designed in such a way to carry an electromagnetic wave
unaffected by the field complexities (flanges, bends, pipe support, …).
Thanks to the sacrificial layer of the sensors, the locations prone to
corrosion activity can be pinpointed as the sensor reacts to a potential
corrosive environment surrounding the monitored asset. The sacrificial
layer of the sensors can be made out of various different materials and
close to the material of the asset.
The data obtained from CR sensors can be used as a “Risk Profiling Tool”
to enhance and optimise the RBI maintenance programs.
Material of CR Sensors
Most commonly used sensors are made out of carbon steel, however,
other sensor materials are also available. Moreover, in the case of
difference between CR sensor material to the asset’s material, corrosion
correlation approach can be used.
Sensors Type Corrosion Sensor Moisture Sensor
Sensor Length Up to 100m Up to 50m
Temperature Range -50 to +300 0C -50 to +200 0C
SPECIFICATIONS - ELECTRONICS
Dimensions 284x245x169 Mass (kg) 11.2 Kg

(mm) excl.
antenna
Ports 1x power cable Power 220V AC
2x SMA requirements
ATEX EXd Zone1 IP rating IP66

certification Group2
Connectivity/ Cellular, Wi-Fi, Ambient -20 to +60
Data transfer WirelessHART, temperature
LoRa range (°C)
SPECIFICATIONS – ONLINE DASHBOARD
Towards Asset Digitalisation
DIGITAL TWIN OF ASSET INTEGRITY
100% Pipe length coverage for assets digitalisation and enabling digital twins
CR Use Cases
Helical
Configuration
Line
Configuration
Mesh
Configuration
CR is pioneering the distributed sensing approach for corrosion sensing
Long-range Unaffected
by Complex Cost Effective
Embedded & Modular
(each sensor unit Geometries for Mass
Sensors can cover up to (e.g. vessels, pipe Deployment
1 km) bends, flanges...)
Installation Configurations
Case Study A
PRODUCTION COLUMN CORROSION MONITORING (ATEX)
Case Study A
CUSTOMER’S FEEDBACK
Source: https://www.sitech.nl/tech-update/columbus-egg-for-corrosion-under-insulation
Case Study B
CORROSION DETECTION
In a six month trial in a chemical plant in EU, CR system has successfully detected, located and continuously
monitored a corrosion activity on a pipe, manholes and a vessel
Example of identified location by CR
system where visual inspection
confirmed the presence of corrosion on
the asset and the CR Sensor.
Having the ability to continuously
monitor corrosion activity and having
access to the data remotely can
enhance and reduce maintenance
budgets by conducting targeted
inspections.
Benefits
✔ Confidence in the ability of CR

Sensors to react to a corrosive
environment.
✔ Confidence in the ability of CR

CRL002 – Vertical Pipeline
Systems to accurately locate
Hours corrosive environments.
Case Study B
CORROSION PROGRESSION MONITORING
In a six month trial in a chemical plant in EU, CR system has successfully detected, located and continuously
monitored a corrosion activity on a pipe, manholes and a vessel
Propagation of Corrosion Example of progression of corrosion
along the CR sensor length. Visual
inspection confirmed the analysis and
showed the progression of corrosion on
the CR Sensor.
The ability to not only detect and locate
but also continuously monitor the
progression of corrosion can provide
valuable information and assist
decision making processes of
maintenance team on the ground and
increase the safety of the assets.
Benefits
✔ Continuously monitoring the

progression of the corrosion.
CRL002 – Vertical Pipeline ✔ Increasing the safety of assets by

Hours avoiding loss of containment
events.
Case Study C
MOISTURE MONITORING SYSTEM
Figure (A) (A) (B) Figure (B)
Installation of CR Installation of the pre-

corrosion sensors on a fabricated insulation
3 inch pipe using cable around the pipe and
ties the corrosion sensor
Figure (C) (C) (D) Figure (D)
Installed CR Nodes Moisture sensor is

Corrosion sensor
(electronic) driving CR placed inside the pre-
Moisture and fabricated insulations
Corrosion sensors and installed at a fixed
distance from the pipe
Moisture sensor
Case Study C
MOISTURE MONITORING SYSTEM
Moisture
sensor data
analysis
and Detected water ingress points
correlation at 22 metres location
with historical
weather data
rainfall (mm)
Amount of
Data Driven RBI
BENEFITS TO RBI METHODOLOGY
Saving CUI management cost by at least 30%

£0.5m to £1m per year per refinery.
£2.8m Annual Budget £2.0m
Summary
CORROSIONRADAR SYSTEM
• CorrosionRADAR embedded sensor technology

• Monitoring for early detection of corrosion under insulation
• Insulation Moisture monitoring for prediction and prevention of CUI
Detect early
Heading
SUB HEADING
Enabling Smarter Assets
CorrosionRADAR Ltd
Future Business Centre
King’s Hedges Road
Cambridge, CB4 2HY
[email protected]
www.corrosionradar.com
Appendix 8
Technical economic feasibility study for the

adoption of Thor™115 pipes in Refinery
Furnaces
(Luna Fullin, Erick Escorza)

EFC WP15 Corrosion Refinery Industry
Sevilla – September 11th, 2019
Thor™115 Pipes
in Refinery Furnaces
L. Fullin – Product Engineer

E. Escorza – Product Senior Director
The information in this electronic mail is not intended to constitute professional or any other type of advice and is provided on an “as is” basis. No warranty is given. Tenaris has not independently
verified any information –if any- provided by petitioner in connection with, or for the purpose of, the information contained hereunder. Petitioner acknowledges and agrees that the use of the
information is at user’s own risk and Tenaris does not assume any responsibility or liability of any kind for any loss, damage or injury resulting from, or in connection with any information provided
hereunder or the use thereof. Tenaris products and services are subject to the Company’s standard terms and conditions or otherwise to the terms resulting from the respective contracts of sale,
services or license, as the case may be. Unless specifically agreed under such contract of sale, services or license, if petitioner requires Tenaris to provide any warranty or assume any liability in
connection with the information provided hereunder, any such warranty or liability shall be subject to the execution of a separate written agreement between petitioner and Tenaris. The information
in this electronic mail is confidential and shall not be reproduced or disclosed in any form or by any means whatsoever, without prior permission from Tenaris. For more complete information please
contact a Tenaris's representative or visit our website at www.tenaris.com. ©Tenaris 2019. All rights reserved.
1 September 13, 2019

Agenda
 Introduction of Fired Heater Furnaces and Damage Mechanisms
 Metallurgy and Properties of Thor™115 and P9
 Life Model Development:

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Model Layout and Validation with Real Cases
 Economic Evaluation and Benchmark Between Thor™115 and P9
 Conclusions

Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Fired Heater Furnaces - Design
 P5 and P9 steel grades typically
 Process conditions:
• Up to 600°C  creep regime
• Low pressures, up to 35 bar
Piping Design based on:

 Static stability
σapplied ≤ S adm
 Creep life
tdesign ≤ tcreep

Fired Heater Furnaces – Damage Mechanisms
EXTERNAL PIPE SURFACE INTERNAL PIPE SURFACE

 Oxidation  Carburization: embrittlement, thermal
insulation
 Mechanical cleaning / erosion
 HT Sulphidation (Sulphur compounds, NAC)

Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Metallurgy and Properties: P9 and Thor™115
GRADE 9:
introduced in 1940-1960 to improve corrosion resistance; martensitic microstructure
THOR™115:
Tenaris new martensitic steel for high temperature applications:
Improved steam oxidation resistance vs. 9Cr grades
Creep properties better than grade 91
Friendly in manufacturing and welding
C Mn Si Cr Mo V Nb N
Gr.9 0.1 0.4 0.6 9.0 1.0 - - -
Thor™115 0.1 0.4 0.4 11.0 0.5 0.2 0.04 0.05
 Both are ferritic steels, with similar thermal expansion and thermal conductivity.

Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Life Model Development – Mechanical Data
Strength Data:
 P9: Table A-1 of ASME B31.3
 Thor™115: ASME BPVC.CC.BPV.S3-2017 Code Case 2890
Allowable Stress [MPa]

140
P9 - ASME B31.3
120
100 Thor115 - CC2890
Stress [MPa]
80
60
40
20
0
450 500 550 600 650 700
Temperature [°C]
 Conventional creep initiation: T=575°C (P9: 520°C)

Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Life Model Development – Creep Data
CREEP DATA:
 P9: API 530 Table F.31
 Thor™115: creep tests database
Larson Miller Parameter [LMP] to correlate the remaining material life [tcreep] with operating temperature [T]
and applied stress [σapplied ] (API 530 and API 579):
T=600°C
Thor™115 lasts 90
times more than P9

Life Model Development – from Stress to Hardness
In fired heaters over-tempering of the
material causes:
 carbides precipitation
 boundary cavity formation
 Hardness decrease (martensite structure
vanishes)  S adm decreases
M23C6 carbides evolution in both alloys at similar LMP
Hardness values of new material and crept

specimens tested at 600°C were correlated to the
exposure conditions through LMP (σ):

Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Life Model Development – Corrosion Data
EXTERNAL OXIDATION
API 571 and API 581 report Oxidation Rates (OR) vs. Temperature for several material classes :
 9Cr: 1 mpy at 600°C
 12Cr: 1 mpy at 600°C
INTERNAL SULPHIDATION
 Modified Mc Conomy curves (API 571 and API 581) report 9Cr and 12Cr Corrosion Rates (CR9Cr > CR12Cr).
 Thor™115 was already tested and compared with P9 in similar corrosion environments:
TAN 3.0 - 360°C Corrosion Rates vs. Material
5
2
Accelerated Corrosion Rate [mm/y]
Accelerated Corrosion Rate [mm/y]

4,5
4 1,8
P5
3,5 P5
1,6 P9
3
P9
2,5 Thor115
1,4
2 Thor 115
1,5 1,2
AISI 410
1
1
0,5
0
0,8
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 P5 P9 Thor™115
pH2S [ppm]
1. Pilot Plant at ENI (Venezia – Tech) - Tests in 2. HGO hydrotreating pilot plant at ADNOC Refining
naphthenic and sulphidic environment Research Center
Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Model Layout
CREEP DESIGN:
 σapplied in furnaces is low  the design condition tdesign ≤ tcreep can be disregarded, low creep damage
STATIC DESIGN:
 The applied stress increases due to thickness (WT) reduction caused by oxidation and corrosion:
PD
σapplied=
2WT
ቐ
WT=WT0 –(OR + CR) t
 The allowable stress decreases with time (overtempering) as described by LMP law:
S adm= S 0 f (LMP)

Model Validation – Real Case
A real case was used to verify the model, comparing P9 and Thor™115:
High Safety Margin

granted by Thor™115 in
the same conditions
FURNACE DATA:
• Position: radiant coil
• Material: P9
• T=587°C
• OD=88.9 mm
• wt=5.5 mm
• P=20 bar
The model sets the P9 component life at 20.5 years.
• OR=0.04 mm/y
From the service history, the coil was replaced after 22 years of service. • CR=0.0 mm/y

Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Economic Evaluation: Shutdown Costs
Refineries shutdowns are scheduled as follows:
 For creep controls:

• After 100 kh +/-10% (10-12 years)
20 days
• Every 50 kh +/-10% (4-5 years)
stoppage
• In case of defects, reduced schedule (1.5
years)
 Furnaces clean up:

• Every 2-2.5 years
 General Refinery Turnaround for maintenance:

45-60 days
• Every 4-5 years
stoppage

Shutdown Costs
 Loss of Refinery production:
Loss of production = Refining Net Margin x Furnace Output
with
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐞
Refining Net Margin:
𝐂𝐫𝐮𝐝𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭 + 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭
Considering the last Refining Net Margin trend,

the expected value is around 1-3 USD/barrel
Furnace Outputs vary depending on the

furnace and are around 200 ton/h
 20 days shutdown = about 600 – 1000 K$

(if 100% furnace production lost)

Shutdown Costs
 Recoil costs:
20-50 ton of pipes = 100 – 200 K$ (material costs)
 Thor™115 cost ≈ 1.1 P9 cost
Additional costs: dismantling, rebuilding, manpower, scaffolding, safety, recommissioning
 Inspection costs:
1 furnace NDT cost = 10 - 20 K$

Economic Assessment
30 k$ up to 1000
k$
Failure
The initial investement P9 replacement introduces additional costs:

of Thor™115 is 11% loss of production, inspection,
higher than P9 construction, material substitution
Agenda

• Mechanical Data
• Creep Data
• Corrosion Data
 Conclusions

Conclusions
 Fired heater furnaces are adopting P9 steel grade despite elevated temperatures
 Crudes have increased sulphur content and TAN, turning corrosion more critical
 Thor™115 steel grade has better performance with respect to P9 in terms of:
• Static and Creep resistance
• Oxidation resistance
• High Temperature Sulphidation resistance
 The technical and economical comparison has shown high advantage to adopt Thor™115 in Furnaces
application:
• Higher safety margins
• Low initial cost difference
• Reduced maintenance costs

Appendix 9
Utilization of Permasense sensors in refineries
(Peter Fischbacher)

Rosemount Wireless Permasense
Non-Intrusive Corrosion/Erosion
Monitoring Solutions to Enhance
Operational Profitability
Online Corrosion Monitoring Update
EFC WP15 Corrosion Refinery Industry

11th September 2019 Meeting
Emerson Automation Solutions – Milano / Italy

PETER FISCHBACHER – [email protected]
Industry Challenges – Missing Asset Health Data Means Your Plant Is
Not Being Driven to Its Maximum Capability
More variable feedstock quality
Process & Treatment optimization Increased Margin

Longer runs between maintenance Operational Certainty
solutions
Tighter H&S regulations
Tighter CAPEX budgets
Shortage of experienced inspectors
Leaks/loss of
containment
Conservative
operations – poor
profitability
Top Downstream Applications and Solutions
• Opportunity feedstock – real time online corrosion data, effective and efficient asset
integrity management, continuous production corrosive feedstock, payback within weeks
• Process optimisation – root cause analysis to minimise or even eliminate process

attributed corrosion including material selection, to maximise production uptime, 25 to 50
sensors per unit operations, payback within weeks
• Extended equipment life span and planned shutdown – understanding of corrosion

behaviour to implement self regulation asset management system, determine planned
shutdown period, 25 to 50 sensors per unit operations, payback within weeks
• Unmanned operations/reduction of OPEX – to minimise human intervention especially to

hazardous, inaccessible area or unmanned platform resulting in improved safety and
reduction of operational cost, 25 to 50 sensors per platform, payback within months
• Treatment optimisation – monitor effectiveness of chemical injection, optimise chemical

consumption and minimise inevitable corrosion, 15 to 25 sensors per unit operations,
payback within months
Organic Chloride Contaminated
Crude Oil Challenge
20
Druzhba Pipeline - Chlorine Contaminated Crude Oil
• Between April and June 2019, Central and
Eastern Europe experienced interrupted
deliveries of crude via the Druzhba pipeline
• Crude oil in the Druzhba pipeline was
contaminated by organic chlorides
• Varying levels of organic chlorides of up to
150ppm
• Need for blending strategies & real time
corrosion monitoring
• Petrochemical industry having the fear of
contaminated feedstock from the refineries
Emerson Confidential 5
Refining case study: The contaminated crude oil corrosion monitoring
challenge
• Contaminated oil accelerates the corrosion process

– organic chlorides: residues from chemicals used for well stimulation in the upstream oil production
• Expected to cause corrosion when process liquid condenses
• 4 units instrumented: ~50 sensors each

– 3x crude distillation units
– 1x isomerization unit
Case Study: Crude Unit Monitoring
• ~50 sensors per unit 30
• Corrosion monitoring used to
evaluate mix rate of 4
contaminated to
uncontaminated crude
6
• Risk areas:
1. Condensation in overhead line
• Before and after inhibitor 2
injection
• Large area
2. High temperature crude
3. Sidecuts 6
Caste Study: Track record in monitoring crude units for organic chlorides
• Another North American customer monitors distillation unit overhead system

• Period marked by the red dot showed markedly higher corrosion rates than normal
• Crude type was not unusual and had been processed previously
• No unusual process measurements
• Samples of the crude oil were analysed in
lab
– Result: high (and unusual) level of organic
chlorides
• Customer now routinely tests every import
of crude for organic acids to pre-empt any
corrosion problems
Case Study: Isomerization Unit Monitoring
• ~50 sensors per unit
• Monitoring corrosion caused by
10
condensation
27
• Risk areas:
1. Post-reaction mixture gradually
cooling down
2. Vapours/fumes from stabilizer 8
Benefits of Online Corrosion Monitoring for Organic Chlorides
• More profitable blending strategy – higher chloride content
• Avoiding unplanned shutdowns
• Safer operations
Refinery Case Study
Amine Unit Corrosion
Monitoring
Overview of Corrosion Issues in Amine Units
• Corrosion in amine units can be divided in
two types
– Wet acid gas corrosion of carbon steel from the

reaction of CO2 and H2S with iron through a thin
liquid film;
– Amine solution corrosion of carbon steel in the
presence of aqueous amine
• Key variables for assessing amine unit

corrosion
Figure above shows the predicted variation of corrosion rates for carbon
– Acid gas loading steel with amine acid gas loading and velocity. This shows that, as would
– Velocity and wall shear stress be expected, high rich amine H2S loading combined with high velocity
results in higher corrosion rates.
– Temperature
– Impurities and heat stable amine salts
– CO2 to H2S ratio
– Choice of amine type
Amine Unit Process Overview
Corrosion issues
– High gas loading
– Heat stable salts
– Amine degradation
– Oxygen contamination
Corrosion is uniform and not so localised

– Fewer measurements needed to represent
entire system
– Elbows, bends, tees, exchanger shells
– Lower temperature application, ET210s
Permasense Solution for Amine Units
Permasense Solution for Amine Units
• Continuous wall thickness measurement
sensors are ideally suited to monitor
corrosion in the highest risk areas of amine
units
• The monitoring data enables engineers to

– Reliably determine if corrosion is taking place
– Supporting the management of unit integrity
between planned shutdowns
– Understanding the correlation between corrosion
rates and process conditions
– Optimizing corrosion monitoring prevention &
mitigation measures
Case Study: Preventing Unplanned Outages – Amine unit
1 ￭ Refinery with four amine absorber / regeneration trains

￭ All similarly configured, all stainless steel – corrosion NOT
expected
• Much faster and unexpected corrosion in train 4
- 1 year to retirement even in stainless !
2
• High CO2 content feed due to preferential routing of FCC
off-gas to train 4
• Carbonic acid attack mechanism
3 • Feeds redistributed to dilute effect of CO2 corrosion across
trains and extend run length
Early warning & enable decision making on process

42 mpy optimization to extend equipment life span
4
Case Study: Amine Regenerator – Process Optimization
 Historically controlled amine
dump/top-up to heat stable salts
level of ≤1
 Opex savings from fewer amine

changes – targeted 1.5, then 2
 Reboiler outlet corrosion

monitored
 Rising corrosion rate trend over

time corresponding to increasing
heat stable salts content
 Trade-off operating cost saving

against equipment replacement
cost
Commercial Impact of Amine Unit Shutdowns
• The commercial impact of an amine system outage on a given plant will depend on the type of
plant, its specific configuration and the feed quality, but is often significant
• Amine units often operated at significantly higher processing rates and amine H2S loading
– This causes limits in the flexibility that the processing facility has to shut down the amine system for repairs in
the event of a corrosion-induced leak, as the risk of H2S gas evolution
• Without storage for rich amine, the facility is forced to limit the H2S load on the amine system
by, for example:
– Change of feedstock (heavy, high sulphur crudes changed to light, lower sulphur, and more expensive
feeds),
– Reduced production rate (lower natural gas feed rate to a gas processing platform or onshore plant)
– Change of production mode (yielding high sulphur, raw gas oil to storage for
Sensor Mounting
53
Sensor Installation Examples
Sensor Installation Examples
Emerson solutions help meet future business
demands safely
Reduce OPEX safely SAVE $100,000s
GENERATE $$
Optimize operations MILLIONS
AVOID SPENDING/LOSSES $$$

Avoid major incidents TENS OF MILLIONS+
Appendix 10
A new hydrogen flux monitor with inspection

and multipoint extended monitoring capabilities
(Frank Dean)

Eurocorr 2019
Seville 11 Sept 2019
WP15 meeting
Hydrosteel 6500
A new hydrogen flux monitor with
extended monitoring capability.
Frank Dean, consultant

[email protected]
Measure corrosion and hydrogen damage. In real time. Non-intrusively.

Ver. 190907
DATE
Unrivalled Gas Detection ionscience.com
Hydrogen permeation schematic
Hydrogen activity H activity

at an entry face
is the ‘engine’
for flux
H concentration
measured on the
external face
H permeation
H entry H2 exit
H segregation
H H
H H
H2 H H H2 H
H2 H+ H H
H H H H
H+ H H
H H H H H2
H HH
H+ H2
Air
(Oxide,
coatings)
(Scale,
inhibitors)`
coatings,
fluid
Corrosive
ionscience.com
Copyright Ion Science Ltd, 2010
Principle of operation
...increases the H2 concentration in air by c...
Detector exhaust
pump
Capillary  Flux J = F x c / A
...in a well
defined flow of
air F...
Steel surface
Collector
direction of air flow
Hydrogen captured from a well defined area, A...

ionscience.com
Method and devices patented, manufactured and supplied by Ion Science Ltd, UK
Main industrial interests in hydrogen flux
Corrosive wall loss …and hydrogen damage (HIC)
T. Batzinger, A May, C. Lester, K. Kutty , P. Allison, 16th World Conference on W.Bruckoff et.al., Corrosion ‘85, Paper 389, NACE conference series,
NDT, 2004, Montreal, Canada Boston, Mass. 1985.
ionscience.com
Refinery corrosion detected with Hydrosteel
Fuel gas
Other gases Amine unit Refinery fuel
Claus sulfur plant Sulfur
Gas processing Merox treaters LPG, butanes Corrosion Key:
Gas Gas H2 Gas H2 amine
Light Isomerate sour
Atmospheric distillation
Hydrotreater Isomerisation
naphtha
ammonium bisulfide
PRODUCTS OUT
Gas H2
CRUDE FEED IN
Gas H2
Heavy naphtha Catalytic Reformate HF
Hydrotreater Gas H2 reformer NAC/sulfidic
Jet fuel Merox Jet fuel
Hydrocrack
Kerosene treater and/or Hydrocracked gasoline
Gas H2 Kerosene
er
Diesel oil
Diesel oil Diesel oil
Hydrotreater Gas
Butenes Alkylate
Atmospheric Alkylation
gas oil Heavy vac. gas
oil Gas Pentenes
Evacuated non- Gas H2
condensibles Gas H2 naphtha FCC gasoline
Atmospher
ic bottoms
Hydrotreater
FCC feed
FCC
distillation
Light vac. Hydrotreater FCC gas oil

Vacuum
Gas Fuel oil

gas oil
Heavy vac. Coker naphtha

Delayed
coker
gas oil
H2S to sulfur plant
Vacuum Coker gas oil
Sour waters
stripper
residuum
water
Sour
Petroleum
Asphalt coke
air blower Asphalt
steam
Stripped water
CO2
Natural gas Hydrogen H2
Steam plant
ionscience.com
Multipoint spot measurements: episodic crack risk
Historic HIC damage To identify a HIC

Liquid level at
0 0 0 0 time of conditions,
0 measurement
0 0 episode, at least
0
3 two monitoring
15 5 points are
53 27 23 15
14 required
6
0
Overhead condenser. Numbers
indicate flux in pL/cm2/s 0
ionscience.com
Copyright Ion Science Ltd, UK
Multipoint spot measurements: high temperature corrosion (1)
ionscience.com
Multipoint spot measurements: high temperature corrosion (2)
Flux monitor
data for up to a
few months at
multiple points at
a few points will
assure full
realisation of
corrosion severity
over a typical
corrosion epoch
ionscience.com
Multipoint spot measurements: HIC risk
Start of inhibitor dosing
250 Automated
monitoring of
200 flux at multiple
points would
H2 flux [pL/cm² s]
150 save time.
100
50
0
18/12/05 28/12/05 7/1/06 17/1/06 27/1/06 6/2/06 16/2/06 26/2/06
Date
ionscience.com
Multipoint spot measurements: hydrogen bakeout
F
Automated
E
monitoring of
G
D flux at multiple
3.00 points would
ppm.cm: assure full
= 1.2 ppm
from 2.5 cm bakeout.
depth.
C
Direction of
delamination H
growth
A B
ionscience.com
C.N.Brown, M.J.Carroll, F.W.H.Dean, J.H.Harrison, A.Kettle, Corrosion 2004, NACE, Paper 04478 .
8
Overview of Hydrosteel 6500 5
7
[1] Ruggedised field analyser with program operation and 1 11
data monitoring capability. 10
[2] New 150 mm high sensitivity probe
9
[3] New 60 mm low sensitivity probe
[4] Steel clad flexible sample conduit – up to 10 m length
[5] Four ports for sequential flux monitoring
[6] Staubli® connectors afford easy pneumatic fitting to
ports. 2
[7] Battery charge connector.
[8] USB connector for data download and program 3
upload. 4
6
[9] Robust push button finger operation
[10] Large display with backlight
[11] Provision for wireless communication and
networking
ATEX certification.
ionscience.com
Application features and benefits of Hydrosteel
• wide dynamic range

• fast response
• simple to use
• no consumables
• usually no surface prep
• adapts to pipe > 3.5”
• operates upside down
• useable to 500 oC
• monitors up to four locations for up to three months
• measures active corrosion and crack risk, non-intrusively
ionscience.com
Hydrosteel 6500: spot flux kit
Conduit SR large roaming probe
LR large roaming probe
Analyser and harness
Copyright Ion Science Ltd, UK ionscience.com

Hydrosteel 6500 spot monitoring
Simultaneous flux measurement evaluation liquid in/out gas in gas out T
Shot blast to Butyl rubber
SA 2.5 std seals
Add 4 L NACE B soln
(pH 3.6), mag flea,
stock H2S
6.7 in dia, 9 mm wall

seemless C steel pipe
Acrylic end
piece
ionscience.com
Repeatability on probe detachment at single site
F.W.H.Dean, A.Witty, A.Zanre, Corrosion 2017, Paper 9694, NACE, Houston 2017 . ionscience.com
Co-trending of flux (1)
F.W.H.Dean, A.Witty, A.Zanre, Corrosion 2017, Paper 9694, Conference Series, NACE, Houston 2017.
Automated
monitoring of
flux at multiple
points would
ensure more
accurate and
assured
realisation of
corrosion severity
and save time.
Co-trending of flux (2)
Automated
monitoring of
flux at multiple
points would
ensure more
accurate and
Flux ratio
assured
realisation of
corrosion severity
and save time.
F.W.H.Dean, A.Witty, A.Zanre, Corrosion 2017, Paper 9694, Conference Series, NACE, Houston 2017. ionscience.com
Multipoint spot measurements (vertical profile)
Flux was not

subject to vertical
variance, even at
the liquid level
Data interpretation
Sour corrosion
In assessing sour corrosion, flux measurements are most reliable where corrosion is contingent
on removal of corrosive scale. Such corrosion occurs in distillation units, overhead, eg in
condensers, fin-fan units, coolers and sour flare lines. It can be very severe (>500 pL/cm2/s)
and is often associated with hydrogen damage (see separate slide). It is usually episodic,
occurring typically after equipment installation, inspection, or sometimes during process
changes (eg air ingress, water washes, pH changes). Typically, >5 pL/cm2/s indicates some
corrosion activity, and 100 pL/cm2/s moderate corrosion. The chart below may also be used to
assess corrosion under deposits, eg in amine units.
Please contact Ion Science for further details.
1 10 100 1000 10000

Flux-thickness, pL/cm/s
Insructions: Multiply flux in pL/cm2/s by test site thickness in cm, to obtain a flux-thickness in pL/cm/s. Look along
bottom of chart for corrosion rate. Note corrosion flux correlation varies in a complex way with other corrosion variables,
not least temperature. This makes the correlation very approximate.
eg, flux = 20 pL/cm2/s, thickness = ½ in = 1.25 cm => flux-thickness = 25 pL/cm/s. Corrosion rate is very approximately
0.2 mm/yr, 8 mil/yr.
ionscience.com
For indication only. Copyright © Ion Science 2008. All rights reserved.
Data interpretation
HF acid corrosion
5 pL/cm2/s indicates very low but definite HF corrosion. 300-500 pL/cm2/s is common,. HF is
used to catalyse the formation of high octane gasoline – alkylate – from smaller olefins in HF
alkylation units. The alternative catalyst – sulfuric acid – also causes corrosion but provides a
much weaker flux signal. HF corrosion is very widespread and continuous. There is probably
some temperature dependency for corrosion-flux correlation not shown on the chart.
1 10 100 1000 10000

Instructions: Multiply flux in pL/cm2/s by test site thickness in cm, to obtain a flux-thickness in pL/cm/s. Locate this value on the x-axis
and corresponding approximate corrosion rate.
eg, flux = 200 pL/cm2/s, thickness = 2 cm => flux-thickness = 400 pL/cm/s. Corrosion rate is approximately 0.5 mm/yr, 8 mils/yr.
ionscience.com
For indication only. Copyright © Ion Science 2008. All rights reserved.
Data interpretation
Naphthenic acid and sulfidic corrosion
A few 10’s of pL/cm2/s indicate active corrosion. A few thousand pL/cm2/s have been registered in very acid corrosive streams. ‘Naphthenic
acid’ is in fact a large family of acids found in crude oil. Corrosion generally occurs at pipe bends and reducer sections. The correlation
below is based on lab experiments and some field data. The chart is also applicable to other acidic corrodants above about 150 oC, 300 oF.
Please contact Ion Science400 for further technical information.
0.02
mm/yr
0.05
350 mm/yr
0.1 mm/yr
Temperature, C .
0.2 mm/yr
o
300
0.5 mm/yr
1 mm/yr
250
2 mm/yr
5 mm/yr
200
10 mm/yr
150
10 100 1000 10000
Instructions: Multiply flux by test site thickness in cm to obtain a flux-thickness. Locate this value on the x-axis. Look up
temperature on the y-axis. The corrosion rate through mild steel is demarcated between lines.
ionscience.com
For indication only. Copyright © Ion Science 2008. All rights res
Data interpretation
Hydrogen cracking
Generally, hydrogen cracks are initiatied in poor quality, non-sour service steels, and welds, at activities as low as 10000 bar, whereas sour
service steels can withstand at least 1,000,000 bar. After cracks have appeared, much lower activities are needed to propagate them, indeed,
any flux may contribute to further crack growth.
Iso-hydrogen activity contour map
400 752
350
300
Temperature (deg C)
250
200
150
100
50
0 32
1 10 100 1000 10000
Steady state flux (pl/sqcm/s) x thickness (cm)
Instructions: Using the hydrogen activity expressed in bar obtained in step 1. See S.Al-Sulaiman, A.Al-Mithin,
A.Al-Shamari, M.Islam, S.S.Prakash, ‘Assessing the possibility of hydrogen damage in crude oil processing
equipment’, Corrosion 2010, Paper 10176, Conference series, NACE, Houston, 2010 . ionscience.com
Conclusions
A new Hydrosteel analyser is introduced:

• More robust probes
• Extended monitoring capability
• Multiple point monitoring
Please contact
[email protected]
If interested.
Thank you for your attention
ionscience.com
Appendix 11
“Corrosion Software Sensor” – A New

Framework to utilize the power of process
data and prediction tools
(Slawomir Kus)

“CORROSION SOFTWARE SENSOR”
A NEW FRAMEWORK TO UTILIZE THE POWER OF
PROCESS DATA AND PREDICTION MODELS
AGENDA
“Software sensor”
➢ General concept
➢ Structure, Requirements, Scalability
Application case study (EU Refinery)
➢ General information
➢ Implementation approach
➢ Outcomes
Summary & Discussion
Honeywell Confidential - ©2019 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved. 1

FROM “STATIC” TO “REAL-TIME” CORROSION QUANTIFICATION – HISTORICAL VIEW
Velocity <30m/s
Y N
• “Consensus”
• Arbitrary correction factors Use CR from Tables CR x5
70-80s XX • In several areas found misleading about expected

API RP581, 932B corrosion rate (NH4HS, sulfidic/Nap acid)
Corrosion Rate vs % Cr Alloy

T = 600 F
• Based on extensive studies on specific corrosion 160

H2S Interaction with TAN 5.5 Oil No added
H2S - NAT =
4.6
mechanisms 140
120
• Utilizing modern IT systems to generate multiparametric 100

0.5% H2S -
CR, mpy
NAT = 4.6
80
90s XX corrosion modelling framework 60
• Field-proven
40
“Static” software 20
5% H2S -
models 0
0 5 10 15
NAT = 4.6
% Cr Alloy
• Combining “static” models and “live” data streams from

Process Historian
• Automated predictions are following process changes
XXI
• High level analytics with “live” Corrosion/Inspection
Prediction in KPI’s
real time
“SOFTWARE SENSOR” CONCEPT Honeywell Confidential - ©2019 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved. 2
SOFTWARE AS A CORROSION SENSOR – CONCEPT
“Software corrosion sensor” is a scalable and

adaptive IT framework designed to glean
process driven corrosion insights and provide
process-corrosion relations in real time.
The software sensor platform utilizes “live”

process data streams available in the Historian
and proven corrosion models to deliver
Inputs II
quantified corrosion info:
- corrosion rate Corrosion/Inspection
- flow parameters (WSS, flow pattern) - Coupons (manual)
- ER (manual/auto)
- LPR (manual/auto)
- UT (manual/auto)
Software sensor can also provide:
- real time KPI’s
- real time integrity overview
Honeywell Confidential - ©2019 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.
3
HOW DOES IT WORK?
- Real or virtual server
- Network Level (3.5 or 4)
- Security and user access
- OPC connectivity
- DA (data access)
- HDA (historic data access)
Honeywell Confidential - ©2019 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.4

WHAT INFORMATION IS NEEDED?
Process Control/Instrumentation/Systems
• Process Flow Diagrams • Tags for Instruments/Measurements
• Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) • Tags for Lab data
• Operating Conditions • Tags for results (if needed)
• Best Instruments/Measurements representing • Calculated Tags
circuits conditions • If flow estimates are needed
• Sampling points for Lab analyses • If Eng. Unit conversions are needed
Inspection/Corrosion IT/Systems
• Corrosion Loops (Corrosion Control Documents) • OPC Connectivity
• Piping Circuits • User & Admin access/permissions
• Inspections, Thickness Monitoring Locations • Backups & Maintenance
(TML) and Thickness data • Network Architecture
• Piping Isometrics, Materials, Diameters,
Initial/Design Thicknesses
• Sampling points for Lab analyses
• Corrosion Failure History
TIMING AND RESOURCES
Services:
• “static” modelling
• Configuration table
Hardware/ software
Windows 2012 R2; SQL Server 2012 R2
Data
SQL Server Reporting Services; IIS (Web Server);
OPC server license
Processor: Two Quad Processors, 3GHz, 64-bit (x64) Typical timing: 1-3 months
RAM: 16 gigabytes (GB) (start-commissioning) / based
Hard disk drive: 500GB on unit size and complexity
Typical refinery manpower required:

2 engineers for 1-2 weeks
Start
(corrosion/process & IT)
Software Sensor
Commissioning

SCALABILITY
HT/HC/SWS
CDU OH
• 50-100 Soft Points
• 3-6 Hardware • 100-200 Soft Points
• 2-6 Analysis/Lab • 2-5 Hardware
NH4Cl
HCl(aq) • 3-6 Analysis/Lab
CDU
NH4HS
REGENERATOR OH
Sulfidation
NH4HS
NAP Acids
Refinery Corrosion Framework Amine Corrosion
• 300-600 Soft-Sensor Points
VDU
• x number of materials
• c.a. 20 Hardware points AMINE
• 6-10 months effective project time Sulfidation
NAP Acids
• 50-100 Soft Points
• 4-8 Hardware
• 100- 200 Soft Points
• 3-6 Analysis/Lab
LEGEND: • 2-5 Hardware
Sulfidation – available models
• 1-3 Analysis/Lab Honeywell Confidential - ©2019 by Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.
SOFTWARE SENSOR IMPLEMENTATION – CASE STUDY
Goals: Details:
• Location: EU Refinery
➢ Deliver a process-integrated
• HVGO Line
solution for real time, quantified
• 5Cr material
corrosion rates and process
• 15 modelling points – 45 Tags in
correlations in HVGO line.
Historian
➢ Show utilization of Corrosion as - Pipe MoC Corrosion rate per JIP – 15
a process variable (PV) and Tags (update every 10min)
- 1-D Average MoC Corrosion Rate – 15
present potential for real-time Tags (daily update)
corrosion management purposes - Predicted Wall Thickness – 15 Tags (daily
in CDU/VDU update)
• +200 tags saved in Prediction Server
• Historian – OSI/PI
• Prediction Model – Predict Crude

TASK 1 - SELECTION OF MODELLING POINTS – HVGO (EXAMPLE)
RT-2
RT-3
RT-14 RT-13
RT-4
RT-11
RT-5
RT-15 RT-12 HVGO Pumps
HVGO Pumps
RT-1 100-P1XX/a/b/c
100-P1XX/a/b/c
RT-6 RT-8
Exchangers
RT-9
100S1XA/B RT-10
Column CX
RT-7

TASK 1.1 - “OFFLINE” MODELLING TO CONFIRM HOT SPOTS
Measured parameter DCS Tag from DCS Unit

Temp in CX near outlet of HVGO 100-TI-0xxx-23 269 degC
HVGO Hot circulation flow 100-FIC-00x6 59 m3/h
HVGO PA flow 100-FIC-00x6 515 m3/h
HVGO return temp (measured in CX) 100-TI0115-xx 248 degC

TASK 2&3 – IMPLEMENTATION & SUPPORT
Task 1
Task 2: Software Implementation
Modelling Outcome
IT Infrastructure
Functional Design
Detailed Design (IT)
Software Installation
Detailed Design (Config)
11
TASK 2&3 – IMPLEMENTATION & SUPPORT
Task 1
Task 2: Software Implementation
Modelling Outcome
IT Infrastructure
Functional Design
Detailed Design (IT)
Software Installation
Detailed Design (Config)
Soft. Configuration
Training
Task 3: Consulting & Support
12
SOFT-SENSOR FRAMEWORK OUTPUT
Real time Support Inspection CR for different

corrosion status Planning MoCs

Real Time Corrosion Status

Support Inspection Planning
Real time Support Inspection CR for different

corrosion status Planning MoCs

Corrosion Rates For Various Materials

LIVE TRENDING
• “Live” & historical trending from Real Time Framework level

• 10min update rate
• Process vs Corrosion Rate (predicted and measured – if any available)
LIVE TRENDING

SUMMARY
➢ “Software Sensor” concept provides the next generation of predictive insights
for real time, intelligent corrosion analysis
➢ Combines stand alone modelling, “live” process data and corrosion
measurements
➢ Real Time Modelling Framework provides quantified insights into corrosion risk
and identification of corrosion hot spots in key refinery units
➢ “Software Sensor” Framework delivers the following features:
➢ Real-time Assessment of corrosion “hot-spots”
➢ On-line corrosion-process correlations (corrosion as one of PVs)
➢ Real-Time Corrosion KPIs
➢ High-level overview of Unit/Refinery Integrity status
➢ Analytical Framework is easily scalable to expand coverage in critical areas in

key refinery operating units
Appendix 12
Infra Red Thermography: a reliable,

Fast and helpful method in corrosion
detection
(Askar Soltani)

Infrared Thermography
A reliable, Fast and helpful method in corrosion detection
Presented By: Askar Soltani

IR thermography has been applied in different industries as a useful
method. Unfortunately in oil and gas industry it is not being applied as
a useful instrument to detect corrosion, however it can be used as a
helpful instrument beside UT measurements to detect corroded areas
or areas in the pipe or vessels which hard scales precipitation is likely
to occur. Hereafter some IR thermal images have been indicated
which reveals operating problems detected by thermal cameras.
IR scan of inlet piping to three air cooler headers

[Ref.: NACE paper no. 10362]
IR scan at water injection point
[Ref.: NACE paper no. 10362]
IR scan of a sound steam trap [Ref.: Irinfo.org]

IR scan of a failed steam trap [Ref.: Irinfo.org]
During our PPM check, severe corrosion detected by UT measurements. It

was hard to prove the reliability of UT measurements and declare with
100% of confidence that the pipe has been corroded severely and it needed
to shut down the unit in order to cut and inspect the pipe. So, the
inspection team decided to conduct a complementary non-destructive
method in order to make sure of the extent of corrosion. IR thermography
was done and IR thermal images revealed significant temperature gradient
in some parts of the pipe. Cutting the pipe approved our hypothesis. Here
after thermal images and also pictures of pipe after cutting have been
indicated.
Fig 1: Results of UT measurements on 10 inch equalizer pipe in slug catcher indicated
Severe metal loss in this pipe
Fig 2: IR image which indicates some parts of pipe has higher temperature compared to other parts
(approx. 10 degree C temperature difference in the pipe is obvious), After cutting the pipe we
observed that the sections of the 10 inch pipe with similar temperature to the main 42 inch pipe had
no scale inside them, however the parts with higher temperature were full of scales.
Fig 3: IR thermal image of the 10 inch line indicating the high
temperature in this section of pipe. After cutting the pipe, it
was full of scale. So, thermal imaging was able to be used as a
complementary non-destructive tool beside UT measurement
to determine the corroded areas.
Our experience indicated that IR thermography can be used as a

helpful complementary non-destructive method beside UT
measurements in order to detect corroded areas in the pipes of oil and
gas industries.

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Appendix 1

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

NAME SURNAME COMPANY COUNTRY

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

EFC WP15 Activities

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain

Presentation of the activities of WP15

European Federation of Corrosion (EFC)

• 21 Working Parties (WP) and 1 Task Force

• Annual Corrosion congress « Eurocorr »

• Thematic workshops and symposiums

• Working Party meetings (for WP15 twice a year)

for more information http://www.efcweb.org

EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain

Chairman: Francois Ropital Deputy Chairman: Johan Van Roij

Information Exchange – Forum for Technology

Eurocorr Conferences : organization of refinery session and joint session with

Education – qualification – certification

EFC Working Party 15 « Corrosion in Refinery »

List of the WP15 spring meetings :

10 April 2003 Pernis - NL (Shell)

EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain 4

•EFC Guideline n° 46 on corrosion in amine units

•Future publications – task forces : suggestions ?

EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain

15-19 March 2020

6-10 September 2020

19-23 September 2021

4-8 September 2022

Look at the Website: www.efcweb.org/Events

EFC WP15 Spring meeting 10 April 2019 Roma - Italy

3- Seawater environment: aggressivity, living organisms, deposits and scale formation,

6- Corrosion and scale inhibitors P. Bleriot (chapter leader)

7- Corrosion tests A.M. Grolleau (chapter leader)

EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain

Best practice guideline on corrosion

9- Corrosion protection J.Z. Zhang (chapter leader)

10-Maintenance and tube cleaning F. Dupoiron (chapter leader) J.Z. Zhang A.

11- Control and monitoring, inspection techniques A. Surbled (chapter leader)

EFC WP15 annual meeting 11 September 2019 Seville - Spain

Benefits to be an EFC member:

Integrity operating window in amine units

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

South Pars Gas Complex, Inspection Department, Asaluyeh, Iran

CUI, practical approach from a coating

Minutes of EFC WP15 Corrosion in the Refinery Industry 11 September 2019

CUI, practical approach from a coating

• Corrosion under insulation and approach

Corrosion under insulation

• Duration, frequency of exposure to moisture

PPG HI-TEMP™ heat-resistant coatings 3

Corrosion under insulation

Pipe Pipe Pipe

Insulation Insulation Insulation

Cladding Cladding Cladding

PPG HI-TEMP™ heat-resistant coatings Very Aggressive Corrosion 4

Corrosion under insulation

• Nothing stays hot forever