Lohmann Brown Lohmann LSL: Parent Stock

LOHMANN BROWN
LOHMANN LSL
Parent Stock
MANAGEMENT GUIDE
BREEDING FOR SUCCESS … TOGETHER

LOHMANN TIERZUCHT › MANAGEMENT GUIDE
CONTENTS
3 Introduction
4 Top Performance by Systematic Selection
5 Breeding Scheme LOHMANN LSL
6 Performance Data LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
7 Breeding Scheme LOHMANN BROWN
8 Performance Data LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
9 Housing Chicks
9 General Recommendations
9 Cage Systems
9 Floor Systems
10 Environment
11 Brooding Temperature
11 Body Temperature of the Chicks
12 Vaccination
12 Vaccination Methods
12 Special Recommendations
13 Example of a Vaccination Programme
14 Beak Treatment
15 Nutrition
13 Principles
18 Ad Libitum Feed Supply
18 Rearing and Growing Period
21 Laying Period
23 Feed Consumption
23 Micro-Nutrients
23 Heat Treatment
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1
25 Lighting
25 General
25 Intermittent Lighting Programme for Day Old Chicks
26 Lighting Programme for Closed Houses
28 Lighting Programme for Open Houses
29 Light Intensity
32 Hygiene
32 Insect and Parasite Control
32 Cleaning and Disinfection
33 Daily Control
33 Mating Ratio
33 Water Supply
34 Grit
34 Stocking Density
34 Equipment Requirements
35 Litter
35 Nest and Egg Collection
36 Hatching Egg Care
34 Hatching Egg Disinfection
37 General Information
37 Body Weight Development LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
38 Body Weight Development LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
39 Performance Goals of LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
41 Performance Goals of LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
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INTRODUCTION
LOHMANN LSL and LOHMANN BROWN mercial layers meet market requirements and
parent stock are bred to produce high-per- produce more profit than other strains.
formance layers for profitable egg produc-
tion. The source lines are carefully selected for Egg quality at the parent and commercial
combining ability. level depends on a combination of genetic
potential and non-genetic factors (health,
Each parent flock is a significant investment. nutrition, light, temperature, air quality, -tech-
To maximise return on investment, good nical environment). It pays to control the non-
management practices are required. This genetic variables in order to help the birds
guide contains management recommen-da- express their genetic potential.
tions based on comprehensive international
experience. Local conditions may require spe- We trust that our management recommen-
cific adaptations of management practices to dations in this guide for LOHMANN LSL and
achieve optimal results. LOHMANN BROWN parent stock will help to
improve your technical results from flock to
Genetic selection within the pure lines is a flock. Keep accurate records and contact your
continuing process to assure that LOHMANN area representative of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT
LSL and LOHMANN BROWN parents and com- for more detailed information.
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TOP PERFORMANCE BY SYSTEMATIC SELECTION
LOHMANN TIERZUCHT – the right partner for

progressive, successful poultry management.
In recent decades, advanced methods have Intensive research in our own Veterinary
significantly improved breeding quality. Due Laboratory, besides increasing resistance to
to the development of powerful electronic diseases by genetic means and ensuring the
data processing systems, it has become pos- strictest conditions of hygiene, is fundamen-
sible to put the theory of selection system- tal to the quality of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT
atically into practice – thus turning modern products.
quantitative genetics into reality. In addition, LOHMANN TIERZUCHT also pro-
From very early on, LOHMANN TIERZUCHT vides expert advice on all questions of feed,
used these new techniques and can there- nutrition and technical service.
fore offer an extensive range of experience Practice profits from this extensive expertise
and know-how. A highly qualified team of in all aspects of poultry management. With
specialists guarantees prompt utilization LOHMANN TIERZUCHT products, eggs are
of the latest research results. The market’s produced in top quality and at competitive
changing demands can therefore be met costs.
quickly and effectively. Results of performance comparisons in the
Moreover, nationally and internationally, field and in independent institutes are proof
LOHMANN TIERZUCHT is ranked as first class of this success. LOHMANN TIERZUCHT prod-
for questions on poultry health, which is one ucts are often the winners and are always
of the decisive factors for performance and among the few at the top, worldwide.
profitability.
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BREEDING SCHEME LOHMANN LSL
Pure Lines
A A B B C C D D
Grandparents
A B C D
Parents
AB CD
Commercials
ABCD ABCD
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5
PERFORMANCE DATA
LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
Egg Production Age at 50 % production 21–22 weeks
Peak production 26–30 weeks
Eggs per Hen Housed
to 68 weeks of age 287–292 (289)
to 72 weeks of age 307–312 (310)
Settable Eggs per Hen Housed
to 68 weeks of age 260–265 (262)
to 72 weeks of age 278–283 (280)
Saleable Chicks per Hen Housed
to 68 weeks of age 105–110 (108)
to 72 weeks of age 112–117 (114)
Hatchability Average 80–83 %
Body Weight Female

at 20 weeks 1.2–1.4 kg (2.6–3.1 lbs.)
at 72 weeks 1.6–1.8 kg (3.5–4.0 lbs.)
Male
at 20 weeks 1.6–1.8 kg (3.5–4.0 lbs.)
at 72 weeks 2.2–2.4 kg (4.8–5.3 lbs.)
Feed Consumption 1–20 weeks 7.2 kg (15.8 lbs.)

(Male and Female) 21–72 weeks 42 kg (92.6 lbs.)
Liveability Rearing 96–98 %

Laying period 90–96 %
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6
BREEDING SCHEME LOHMANN BROWN
Pure Lines
A A B B C C D D
Grandparents
A B C D
Parents
AB CD
Commercials
ABCD ABCD
7
7
PERFORMANCE DATA
LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
Egg Production Age at 50 % production 21–22 weeks
Peak production 26–30 weeks
Eggs per Hen Housed
to 68 weeks of age 275–280 (278)
to 72 weeks of age 295–300 (298)
Settable Eggs per Hen Housed
to 68 weeks of age 253–258 (255)
to 72 weeks of age 270–275 (273)
Saleable Chicks per Hen Housed
to 68 weeks of age 102–107 (104)
to 72 weeks of age 108–113 (110)
Hatchability Average 80–83 %
Body Weight Female

at 20 weeks 1.5–1.7 kg (3.3–3.7 lbs.)
at 72 weeks 1.8–2.1 kg (4.0–4.6 lbs.)
Male
at 20 weeks 2.1–2.3 kg (4.6–5.1 lbs.)
at 72 weeks 2.9–3.1 kg (6.4–6.8 lbs.)
Feed Consumption 1–20 weeks 8.0 kg (17.6 lbs.)

(Male and Female) 21–72 weeks 43 kg (94.8 lbs.)
Liveability Rearing 96–98 %

Laying period 90–96 %
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8
HOUSING CHICKS
General Recommendations
›› Before bringing in the chicks, check that ›› Place sheets of paper on the cage floor for
everything is in good working order. the first days and distribute a bit of feed on
›› Males and females should be reared to- this paper. The papers must be removed
gether from the first day. by day 7.
›› Warm up the house in good time to ›› Unload all chick boxes and distribute them
35 – 36 °C (95 – 97 °F). In summer start heat- in the house. Remove all lids and place
ing at least 24 hours and in winter at least them on the top of the boxes.
48 hours before the chicks arrive. When ›› Quickly place the chicks near feeders
the right temperature has been achieved, and drinkers. Distribute the chicks evenly
supply minimum ventilation. This will avoid among the cages starting at the far end of
temperature differences within the house. the house.
›› Maintain the recommended tempera- ›› Trigger nipples / water cups to encourage
tures (35 – 36 °C / 95 – 97 °F) during the first birds to drink.
48 – 72 hours.
›› Relative humidity should be at least 60 %. Floor Systems
›› The right height of the drinkers must be
adjusted to allow the chicks to drink water ›› Before arrival of the chicks, litter should
without difficulty. be spread only after heating the house,
›› Reduce the water pressure of the nipples when the floor has reached the optimum
in order to enable the chicks to find water temperature. Softwood shavings or straw
easily. make suitable litter.
›› Keep drinking water temperature be- ›› After arrival, place chicks under brooders
tween 20 – 25 °C (68 – 77 °F) by temporarily as soon as possible.
flushing the nipple drinker lines or renew- ›› Measure the brooder temperature by plac-
ing the water in the chick founts. ing the thermometer 8 cm (3.15 in) inside
›› Follow the recommended lighting pro- the outer edge of the brooder and 8 cm
grammes (refer to page 26). (3.15 in) above the litter.
›› Dip the beaks of a few chicks into water
Cage Systems and trigger nipple or water cups to help
them start drinking. When drinking water
›› Adjust the cage floors and feeding grids ac- has been found by all chicks (this will take
cording to the manufacturer’s instructions. approx. 2 – 3 hours), they will start to eat.
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›› Supply the chicks with additional feeding After a few hours, check whether the chicks
bowls to ensure a better feed intake in the have settled down well. The chicks’ behav-
first few days. iour is the best indicator of their well being:
›› Chicks should be fully feathered before ›› If the chicks are evenly spread out and
brooding equipment has to be removed. moving freely, temperature and ventilation
are all right.
Environment ›› If the chicks are crowding together or
avoiding certain areas within the house, tem-
Environmental conditions have an effect on perature is too low or there is a drought.
the wellbeing and performance of the birds. ›› If the chicks are laying on the floor with
Important en vironmental factors are tem- their wings spread out and gasping for air,
perature, humidity and level of toxic gases in temperature is too high.
the air. The optimal temperature depends on
the age of the birds. The following table is a At first signs that the chicks are not feel-
guide to the recommended temperature at ing well determine the reason, correct
bird level. the situation and check more frequently.
Table 1: Desired Temperatures at Bird Level Dependent on Age
Cage Rearing Floor Rearing

Age °C °F °C °F
Day 1–2 * 35 95 36 97
Day 3–4 33 91 34 93
Day 5–7 31 88 32 90
Week 2 28 82 29 84
Week 3 26 79 27 81
Week 4 22 72 24 75
From Week 5 18–20 64–68 18–20 64–68
* Body temperatures of 40–41 °C (104–106 °F) are the optimum for the chicks.
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HOUSING CHICKS
The air quality should meet the following minimum requirements:
Table 2: Minimum Air Quality Requirements

O ₂ over 20 %
CO ₂ under 0.3 %
CO under 40 ppm
NH ₃ under 20 ppm
H ₂ S under 5 ppm
Brooding Temperature
Always reduce temperature gradually, and
avoid sudden changes.
If the ventilation system is used to regulate
temperature, take care that the n ecessary
fresh air is supplied. The relative humidity in-
side the house should be 60 – 70 %.
Body Temperature of the

Chicks rectal temperature of the latter. Proceed in a
There are findings which confirm that the way like you normally would do when weighing
temperature of chicks is between 40.0 chicks / pullets and check for uniformity. Obtain
(104 °F) and 41.0 °C (105.8 °F) after the mo- samples from chicks distributed throughout
ment of full homeothermy. This information the house in order to have reliable readings.
can be parallelly used with the behaviour Collect the information, calculate the average
of the housed chicks to adjust house tem- and adjust the house temperatures accordingly
peratures in an optimal way. Use modern ear to achieve optimal chick temperatures.
thermometers, known from human medi-
cine, as these are useful devices to measure If the actual barn temperature, humidity or
the body temperature of day old chicks. uniformity of air distribution are significantly
Make sure that you collect samples of chicks below the recommended levels, chick growth
in different parts of the house and control the maybe adversely affected due to chilling.
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VACCINATION
General Recommendations
Vaccination is an important way of prevent- Spray Vaccinations are not labour intensive
ing diseases. Different regional epidemic situ- and are highly effective, but may occasion
ations require suitably adapted vaccination ally have side effects. For chicks up to the age
programmes. Therefore, please be guided, by of 3 weeks apply only coarse spray. Use dis-
the advice of your local veterinarian and poul- tilled water for vaccination.
try health service. Only healthy flocks should
be vaccinated. Check the expiration date of Special Recommendations
the vaccine. The vaccine must not be used
after this date. Keep records of all vaccinations Marek Re-Vaccinations have proved to be
and vaccine serial numbers. successful after long transportation and in
areas with high infection risk. Consult your
Vaccination Methods veterinarian and the LOHMANN Veterinary
Laboratory for further information.
Individual Vaccinations such as injections Mycoplasmosis Vaccinations are only
and eye-drops are very effective and gener- advisable if the farm cannot be kept free
ally well tolerated but also very labour inten- of mycoplasmosis. Infections with virulent
sive. mycoplasma species during the produc-
Drinking Water Vaccinations are not la- tion period lead to performance depression.
bour intensive but must be carried out with The best performance is achieved by flocks
the greatest care to be effective. The water which are kept free of mycoplasmosis and
used for preparing the vaccine solution are not vaccinated.
must not contain any disinfectants. During Vaccination against Coccidiosis is the
the growing period, the birds should be most reliable method in the floor rearing to
without water for approximately 2 hours develop immunity against this disease. Never
prior to vaccination. During hot weather re- use coccidiostats in the feed when pullets
duce this time accordingly. The amount of are vaccinated.
vaccine solution should be calculated for Applying Vitamins in the first two to three
complete consumption within 2–4 hours. days after vaccination can help to reduce
When vaccinating with live vaccines, add stress and prevent undesired reactions. To
2 g of skim milk powder per litre of water what extent depends on the specific situa-
or canned milk in order to protect the vi- tion on each farm.
rus titre, if no water stabilisator is available.
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VACCINATION
Table 3: Example of a Vaccination Programme
Disease Occurrence Application Remarks

Methods
World- Locally
wide
Marek SC – IM Day 1– Hatchery

Newcastle * DW – SP – SC – IM Number of vaccinations accor-
ding to disease pressure
Gumboro DW 2 live vaccinations recommended
(IBD)*
Infectious DW – SP – SC – IM Number of vaccinations accor-
Bronchitis * ding to disease pressure
AE DW – SC – WW Vaccination between 8–14 weeks
CAV DW – SC – IM Vaccination between 8–14 weeks
Mycoplasmosis SP – ED – SC – IM Vaccination before transfer
Fowl Pox WW Vaccination before transfer
Pasteurellosis SC 2 vaccinations between 8–14 weeks
Infectious SC 2 vaccinations between 8–14 weeks
Coryza
Salmonella DW – SP – IM Vaccination before transfer
ILT DW – ED 2 vaccinations between 6–14 weeks
EDS SC – IM Vaccination before transfer
E. Coli SC – IM 2 vaccinations between 6–16 weeks
DW: Drinking Water WW: Wing Web

SP: Spray IM: Intramuscular Injection
ED: Eye Drop SC: Subcutaneous Injection
* An implementation of early live vaccination for Newcastle Disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is of high value
in order to induce local protection in the respiratory system of the chicks (priming effect). The right choice of vaccine is
crucial. Never vaccinate very young birds with high-virulence live vaccine. Revaccination with live ND and/or IB every
6–8 weeks during production period is beneficial in order to improve the local immunity.
The use of inactivated ND/IB/IBD vaccine before onset of lay is recommended.
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BEAK TREATMENT
Beak treatment is not necessary under optimal ›› Use only equipment and blades in perfect
conditions. In practice, it is widely used in en- working order; adjust the blade tempera-
vironmental controlled and light-tight facilities, ture so that cauterisation is guaranteed
as an efficient precaution against cannibalism and the beak is not damaged.
and feather pecking. Such behaviour may de- ›› Adjust temperature and duration of the
velop at any age as a result of excessive light treatment according to the chicks beak
intensity, unbalanced feed, poor ventilation, size, strength and quality.
overstocking or boredom. ›› Do not feed for 12 hours before treating.
›› Offer free feeding immediately after treat-
Especially in floor management and/or open ing.
houses with uncontrollable light intensity, we ›› Increase the level of feed in the troughs.
recommend beak treatment subject to local ›› Increase the temperature in the house for
animal welfare regulations. A very gentle and a few days after treating.
highly recommended method of beak treat- ›› For 3 – 5 days after beak treating provide
ment is the infrared treatment of the upper an extra hour of light and supply feed in
and lower beak by means of a special tech- the late evening or at night.
nique, performed shortly after chicks hatch. ›› Giving vitamins via the drinking water can
This procedure can already be done in the also help to alleviate stress.
hatchery under very hygienic conditions by ›› Under optimal housing conditions, males
specially trained personnel. Another method should generally not be beak treated. Nev-
of beak treatment is to treat the beaks with a ertheless, if a beak treatment for males is
hot blade. necessary, just treat them very gently.
Observe the following pre

cautions for a conventional
beak treatment:
›› Treat only healthy, unstressed birds, at the
age of 7 – 10 days.
›› Allow only experienced personnel to do
the work.
›› Work slowly and carefully.
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NUTRITION
Principles
Correct nutrition is a prerequisite to utilize quirements for top performance in rearing
the high genetic performance potential and production.
of LOHMANN LSL and LOHMANN BROWN The base for correct nutrition is correct feed-
Parent Stock. Best control on nutrition is stuff evaluation. The following table gives
achieved by feeding a ready mixed com- information on the sources used for the rec-
pound feed. The recommended feeding ommendations in this programme and on
programme concentrates on the essential analytical methods for the determination of
nutrients and is designed to cover the re- specific nutrients.
Nutrient Source of Information Analytical Method

Energy Results of European N-corrected Metabolizable Energy
Research Institutes
Crude Protein Results of European Method according to Kjeldahl

Research Institutes
Amino Acids Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Amino Acid Analyser

and Amino Acid Producers
Digestible Amino Acids Digestion Coefficients based on

Dutch trials
Calcium Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Flame - Photometry

Sodium
Total Phosphorus Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Ultraviolet-Spectroscopy
Available Phosphorus Results of French Availability

Studies
Chlorine Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Titration Method acc. to Mohr
Linoleic Acid Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Gas-Chromatography Analysis
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Table 4: LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock Females

Body Weight Development, Feed Consumption and Water Consumption with
Standard Lighting Programme
Age Body Weight (g) kJ ** Feed Consumption*** Water Consumption
in Bird/
Weeks Average Range Day g/Bird/ Cumulative ml/Bird/ Cumulative
Day (g) Day (ml)
1 65 62–68 126 11 74 18 129
2 130 123–137 204 17 193 30 337
3 190 180–200 276 23 354 40 619
4 250 237–263 319 28 550 49 962
5 320 303–337 365 32 774 56 1354
6 400 379–421 410 36 1026 63 1795
7 485 460–510 456 40 1306 70 2285
8 570 540–600 502 44 1614 77 2824
9 650 616–684 547 48 1950 84 3412
10 730 692–768 593 52 2314 91 4049
11 810 767–853 638 56 2706 98 4735
12 880 834–926 684 60 3126 105 5470
13 945 895–995 730 64 3574 112 6254
14 1005 952–1058 764 67 4043 117 7074
15 1065 1009–1121 798 70 4533 123 7932
16 1120 1061–1179 832 73 5044 128 8826
17 1170 1109–1231 878 77 5583 135 9769
18 1220 1156–1284 935 82 6157 144 10774
19 1270 1203–1337 992 87 6766 152 11840
20 1320 1251–1389 1049 92 7410 161 12967
* Depends upon sexual maturity - 100 – 200 g higher for hens in production.
** 1 kcal = 4.187 kJ
*** Chicks / Pullets at all times should be supplied ad libitum with feed. The numbers are rough guidelines how much
feed chicks/pullets eat. Never limit feed intake to this numbers, variation is possible due to differences in feed con-
sumption and environments.
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NUTRITION
Table 5: LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock Females
Body Weight Development, Feed Consumption and Water Consumption with
Standard Lighting Programme
Age Body Weight (g) kJ ** Feed Consumption*** Water Consumption
in Bird/
Weeks Average Range Day g/Bird/ Cumulative ml/Bird/ Cumulative
Day (g) Day (ml)
1 65 62–68 120 10 70 18 123
2 130 124–137 228 19 203 33 355
3 180 171–189 300 25 378 44 662
4 250 238–263 342 30 588 53 1029
5 320 304–336 399 35 833 61 1458
6 410 390–431 456 40 1113 70 1948
7 500 475–525 513 45 1428 79 2499
8 590 561–620 570 50 1778 88 3112
9 680 646–714 616 54 2156 95 3773
10 770 732–809 650 57 2555 100 4471
11 860 817–903 684 60 2975 105 5206
12 950 903–998 718 63 3416 110 5978
13 1030 979–1082 752 66 3878 116 6787
14 1110 1055–1166 787 69 4361 121 7632
15 1190 1131–1250 821 72 4865 126 8514
16 1270 1207–1334 855 75 5390 131 9433
17 1350 1283–1418 889 78 5936 137 10388
18 1440 1368–1512 923 81 6503 142 11380
19 1530 1454–1607 958 84 7091 147 12409
20 1600 1520–1680 992 87 7700 152 13475
* Depends upon sexual maturity - 100 – 200 g higher for hens in production.
** 1 kcal = 4.187 kJ
*** Chicks / Pullets at all times should be supplied ad libitum with feed. The numbers are rough guidelines how much
feed chicks/pullets eat. Never limit feed intake to this numbers, variation is possible due to differences in feed con-
sumption and environments.
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Ad Libitum Feed Supply

LOHMANN Layers and their breeders are A Developer feed should be fed after 8
specialised birds selected for a high egg pro- weeks. A low nutrient density, a good feed
duction. Because of their high turnover rates structure and crude fibre content up to 5 – 6
“feed into food”, they have a big demand for % in this special feed should be used to de-
nutrients. Layers in full production convert velop eating capacities.
roughly one third of the consumed nutrients
into eggs. There is no danger in wasting feed The use of a Pre-Layer feed for LOHMANN
by supplying feed ad libitum, because the LSL and LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock has
hens can adjust their intake to the nutrient several advantages:
density of the feed. But there is a real danger ›› The Pre-Layer feed gives a better uniform-
in restricting birds in feed intake. An under- ity due to the higher protein and amino
supply of nutrients will harm the birds. They acid content in the critical period of sex-
lose production and once exhausted, they ual maturity. Individual males and females
easily can run into a health problem. with weight below standard are given the
chance to compensate.
Rearing and Growing Period ›› The Pre-Layer feed has a higher calcium
content than the Developer and improves
The recommended feed schedule for the the shell quality of early maturing hens at
rearing period of LOHMANN LSL and LOH a later age.
MANN BROWN Parent Stock is based on four ›› The Pre-Layer feed also smoothens the
diets. transition from low to high Calcium
amount in the feed.
The Starter is a diet with a high nutrient den-
sity, based on a feed formulation including Please consider the following recom-
raw materials of excellent quality and digest- mendations while using Pre-Layer feed:
ibility. This feed is supposed to be used until ›› Start using Pre-Layer feed dependent on
chicks have reached body weight targets in to the birds’ sexual maturity, age and their
the first three weeks. standard body weights.
›› Use Pre-Layer feed for about 10 days with
It is followed by a traditional Grower feed a maximum of 1 kg per bird.
based on an energy level of 11.4 MJ/kg (2720 ›› The wrong way to use Pre-Layer feed is ei-
Kcal/kg). This feed is supposed to be fed till ther to start using it too early and / or use
chicks have reached a body weight targets it too long.
at 8 weeks of age.
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NUTRITION
Table 6: Recommended Nutrient Levels (Rearing)
Diet type* Starter Grower Developer Pre-Layer
Nutrient 1 – 3 weeks 4 – 8 weeks 9 – 17/18 18/19 weeks –

weeks 5 % prod.
kcal 2900 2720 – 2800 2720 – 2800 2720 – 2800
Metabol. Energy
MJ 12.00 11.40 – 11.70 11.40 – 11.70 11.40 – 11.70
Crude Protein % 20.00 18.50 15.00 17.50
Methionine % 0.48 0.40 0.34 0.36
Dig. Methionine % 0.39 0.33 0.28 0.29
Meth. /Cysteine % 0.83 0.70 0.60 0.68
Dig. M/C % 0.68 0.57 0.50 0.56
Lysine % 1.20 1.00 0.68 0.85
Dig. Lysine % 0.98 0.82 0.55 0.70
Valine % 0.89 0.75 0.53 0.64
Dig. Valine % 0.76 0.64 0.46 0.55
Tryptophan % 0.23 0.21 0.17 0.20
Dig. Tryptophan % 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.16
Threonine % 0.80 0.70 0.55 0.60
Dig. Threonine % 0.65 0.57 0.44 0.49
Isoleucine % 0.83 0.75 0.60 0.74
Dig. Isoleucine % 0.68 0.62 0.50 0.61
Calcium % 1.05 1.00 0.90 2.00
Phosphorus, total % 0.75 0.70 0.58 0.65
Phosphorus, avail. % 0.48 0.45 0.37 0.45
Sodium % 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16
Chloride % 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.16
Linoleic Acid % 2.00 1.40 1.00 1.00
* The basis for switching between diet types is the hens‘ body weight development. The correct time for changing the
diet is determined not by age, but by body weight. Chicks and pullets should therefore be weighed at regular intervals.
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Table 7: Recommended Particle-Size Distribution for Chick Starter, Grower,

Developer and Layer Feed (MASH)
Sieve Size Passing Part Sieve Size Interval Part of Interval
0.5 mm 19 % 0–0.5 mm 19 %
1.0 mm 40 % 0.51–1.0 mm 21 %
1.5 mm 75 % 1.01–1.5 mm 35 %
2.0 mm 90 % 1.51–2.0 mm 15 %
2.5 mm 100 % > 2 mm 10 % *
100 %
* Individual Particles not bigger than: › 3 mm in chick superstarter-/starter diets › 5 mm in grower, developer and layer
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NUTRITION
Laying Period
For maximum hatching egg production and amino acids, calcium, available phosphorus
optimum hatchability a phase feeding pro- and linoleic acid are changing with age, a
gramme is recommended. Since the require- programme with at least 2 phases is recom-
ments for specific nutrients like essential mended.
Table 8: Recommended Nutrient Levels per kg of Feed for different daily

Feed Consumption, Phase 1 (20 to approx. 50 weeks)
Nutrient Requirement Daily Feed Consumption

g/Hen/Day 105 g 110 g 115 g 120 g
Protein % 19.20 18.29 17.45 16.70 16.00
Calcium % 4.10 3.90 3.73 3.57 3.42
Phosphorus* % 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.52
Av. Phosphorus % 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37
Sodium % 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14
Chloride % 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14
Lysine % 0.87 0.82 0.79 0.75 0.72
Dig. Lysine % 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.59
Methionine % 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.37
Dig. Methionine % 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.30
Meth./Cyst. % 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66
Dig. M/C % 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54
Arginine % 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.76
Dig. Arginine % 0.75 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.63
Valine % 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.62
Dig. Valine % 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.53
Tryptophan % 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15
Dig. Tryptophan % 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12
Threonine % 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51
Dig. Threonine % 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41
Isoleucine % 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.58
Dig. Isoleucine % 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.47
Linoleic Acid % 2.00 2.00 1.82 1.74 1.67
* without Phytase
21
21
Table 9: Recommended Nutrient Levels per kg of Feed for different daily

Feed Consumption, Phase 2 (after approx. 50 weeks of age)
Nutrient Requirement Daily Feed Consumption

g/Hen/Day 105 g 110 g 115 g 120 g
Protein % 18.40 17.52 16.73 16.00 15.33
Calcium % 4.30 4.10 3.91 3.74 3.58
Phosphorus* % 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.45
Av. Phosphorus % 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.32
Sodium % 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14
Chloride % 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14
Lysine % 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.74 0.71
Dig. Lysine % 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.58
Methionine % 0.44 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.36
Dig. Methionine % 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.30
Meth./Cyst. % 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.65
Dig. M/C % 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.56 0.54
Arginine % 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.79 0.75
Dig. Arginine % 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.65 0.62
Valine % 0.73 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.61
Dig. Valine % 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52
Tryptophan % 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15
Dig. Tryptophan % 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12
Threonine % 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.50
Dig. Threonine % 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.41
Isoleucine % 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.57
Dig. Isoleucine % 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47
Linoleic Acid % 1.60 1.60 1.45 1.39 1.33
* without Phytase
In the tables with recommended nutrient An average daily feed consumption of 115 g
levels per kg of LOHMANN LSL and LOH can be expected with a feed containing
MANN BROWN Parent Stock feed different 11.4 MJ = 2720 kcal metabolizable energy
daily feed consumption is taken into consid- per kg at an in-house temperature of 22 °C
eration. and good feather quality.
22
22
NUTRITION
Feed Consumption
The level of feed intake in the production pe- Remark: Vitamin C is synthesized by poul-
riod is mainly affected by: try normally. This vitamin is not considered
›› Body weight as essential, but in some circumstances, like
›› Performance heat stress or hot climate it may be impor-
›› House temperature: Low temperature in- tant/beneficial to add 100 – 200 mg/kg com-
creases the maintenance requirement for plete feed during production period.
energy.
›› Condition of feathering: Poor feathering Heat Treatment
condition due to management mistakes
or malnutrition increases the maintenance As a preventive measure against salmonella
requirement for energy. and other bacteria/viruses a heat treatment
›› Feed texture: Coarse texture increases of the feed is sometimes applied. Depending
while fine texture decreases feed intake. upon the treatment technique the efficiency
›› Energy level: The higher the energy level of specific micro-nutrients can be damaged.
of the feed, the lower the feed intake and These micro-nutrients must therefore be
vice versa. added in higher quantities. According to our
›› Nutrient imbalances: The hen will try to experience mainly Vitamin A and K3 are af-
compensate for any nutrient deficits by fected. For further details contact LOHMANN
increasing feed consumption especially in TIERZUCHT.
the latest stages of production.
Micro-Nutrients
The supplementation of parent stock feed
with micro-nutrients like essential vitamins,
trace elements and substances like antioxi-
dants, coccidiostats and organic acids are
essential for maximum hatching egg pro-
duction and hatchability. By adding these
micronutrients in suitable quantities, varying
contents in the raw materials are compensat-
ed and the correct supply to the parent stock
is safeguarded.
23
23
Table 10: Recommended Micro-Nutrient Specification

Supplements per kg Feed Starter/Grower Developer Pre-Layer/Phase I+II
Vitamin A* I.U. 10000 10000 10000
Vitamin D3 I.U. 2500 2500 3000
Vitamin E mg 20–30*** 20–30*** 50–100***
Vitamin K 3 mg 3**** 3**** 5****
Vitamin B1 mg 2 2 4
Vitamin B2 mg 8 6 10
Vitamin B6 mg 4 4 4
Vitamin B12 mcg 20 20 30
Pantothenic Acid mg 10 10 20
Nicotinic Acid mg 30 30 50
Folic Acid mg 1 1 2
Biotin mcg 100 100 200
Cholin mg 300 300 400
Antioxydant mg 100–150*** 100–150*** 100–150***
Coccidiostat as required as required –
Manganese** mg 100 100 100
Zinc** mg 60 60 60
Iron mg 40 40 40
Copper** mg 5 5 10
Iodine mg 1 1 1
Selenium** mg 0.3 0.3 0.3
* Higher level might be possible according to local state and national regulations.
** So called “organic sources” should be considered with higher bioavailability.
*** according to fat addition **** double in case of heat treated feed
Table 11: Continuous Supply of Fine and Coarse Limestone

(Recommended Relation in Feed)
Feed type Fine Limestone Coarse Limestone *
0–0.5 mm 1.5–3.5 mm
Layer Phase 1 30 % 70 %
Layer Phase 2 25 % 75 %
* can be partly replaced by oyster shells
24
24
LIGHTING
General
The lighting programme controls onset of lighting programme. The aim is to synchro-
lay and affects the performance during the nise the chicks’ activities. The farmer gets
production period. So, within certain limits, a better impression of the flock’s condition
performance can be adapted to farm spe- and the birds are encouraged by the group’s
cific requirements by adjusting the lighting behaviour to search for water and feed.
scheme.
It is easiest to follow the lighting programme Therefore, LOHMANN TIERZUCHT advises
in closed houses. In this case the hours of to give chicks a rest after they arrive at the
light and light intensity can be adjusted to rearing farm and then start with four hours
changing needs. of light followed by two hours of darkness.
Intermittent Lighting Pro- Lighting Programme

gramme for Day Old Chicks after Arrival
When the day old chicks arrive on the
farm, they have already been intensively 2h 4h
handled in the hatchery and often have a
long transport to their final destination.
Common practice is to give them 24 hours
4h
of light to help them recover in the first 2
2h
or 3 days after arrival and to provide them
enough time to eat and drink. In practice, it 2h
can be observed that after arrival and hous- 4h
ing, some chicks continue to sleep whereas
others start to look for feed and water. The 4h
activity of the flock will always be irregular.
2h
Especially in this phase, poultry men have
difficulties interpreting the chicks’ behav-
darkness light
iour and their condition.
There is a practically proven principal in split- This programme can be used for up to 7 or
ting the day into phases of resting and ac- 10 days after arrival, then switch to the regu-
tivity using a special designed intermittent lar step down lighting programme. The use
25
25
of the following lighting programme brings Lighting Programme

about the following advantages: for Closed Houses
›› The chicks will rest and/or sleep at the In closed houses the basic principles of light-
same time. This means that the behaviour ing programmes for layers are:
of the chicks will be synchronised. ›› Never increase hours of light during
›› Weak chicks will be stimulated by stronger the growing period.
ones to move as well as to eat and drink. ›› Never decrease hours of light during
›› The behaviour of the flock is more uniform the production period.
and the monitoring of the birds is made To what degree lighting hours are reduced
easier. during the growing period, and the time when
›› Mortality will decrease. stimulation is started by increasing the lighting
hours, are means by which performance can
be adapted to farm specific requirements.
Table 12: Lighting Programme for Windowless Houses

LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
Age Hours of Light Light Inten- Age Hours of Light Light Inten-
(Weeks) (Standard) sity (Lux*) (Weeks) (Standard) sity (Lux*)
Day 1 – 2 ** 24 20 – 40 13 10 5 – 15
Day 3 – 6 ** 16 20 – 30 14 10 5 – 15
2 16 10 – 20 15 10 5 – 15
3 15 5 – 15 16 10 5 – 15
4 14 5 – 15 17 10 20 – 30
5 13 5 – 15 18 10 20 – 30
6 12 5 – 15 19 11 20 – 30
7 11 5 – 15 20 12 20 – 30
8 10 5 – 15 21 13 20 – 30
9 10 5 – 15 22 14*** 20 – 30
10 10 5 – 15 23 15*** 20 – 30
11 10 5 – 15 24 16*** 20 – 30
12 10 5 – 15 25 **** 16*** 20 – 30
* Lux = Lumen/m 2
** or run an Intermittent Lighting Programme

*** According to recent research results, 14 hours of light are sufficient during production provided the
house is light tight.
**** until the end of production
26
26
LIGHTING
Table 13: Lighting Programme for Windowless Houses
LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
Age Hours of Light Light Inten- Age Hours of Light Light Inten-
(Weeks) (Standard) sity (Lux*) (Weeks) (Standard) sity (Lux*)
Day 1 – 2 ** 24 20 – 40 13 9 5 – 15
Day 3 – 6 ** 16 20 – 30 14 9 5 – 15
2 16 10 – 20 15 9 5 – 15
3 14 5 – 15 16 9 5 – 15
4 13 5 – 15 17 9 20 – 30
5 12 5 – 15 18 10 20 – 30
6 11 5 – 15 19 11 20 – 30
7 10 5 – 15 20 12 20 – 30
8 9 5 – 15 21 13 20 – 30
9 9 5 – 15 22 14*** 20 – 30
10 9 5 – 15 23 15*** 20 – 30
11 9 5 – 15 24 16*** 20 – 30
12 9 5 – 15 25 **** 16*** 20 – 30
* Lux = Lumen/m 2
** or run an Intermittent Lighting Programme

*** According to recent research results, 14 hours of light are sufficient during production provided the
house is light tight.
**** until the end of production
27
27
Lighting Programme for Open Houses

The principle for windowless houses Never switch on the artificial light before
“Do not increase the hours of light during 04.00 o’clock in the morning (CE time).
rearing period and do not reduce hours During the spring months the lighting pro-
of light during production period” also gramme is affected by the increase of natural
applies to “open” housing. day length and gradually extends to about
The effect of the natural daylight must be 17 hours. When the natural day length be-
considered when designing lighting pro- gins to decrease in Central Europe from
grammes, if natural light enters the building July, the 17-hour light period should be kept
throughout the day or if the hens have free constantly until the end of the production
access to open-air runs. period.
For example in Central Europe the natural
day length increases in the course of the cal- This example can be accomplished in Central
endar year to about 17 hours until late June Europe very simply as follows:
and then shortens to about 8 hours until late › 04.00* o’clock in the morning: lights on –
December. dimmer switch off at ≥ 50–60 Lux.
› Dimmer switch on at ≤ 50–60 Lux–
If flocks are moved to an open production 21.00 * o’clock in the evening lights off.
house with windows that cannot be dark- * Central European time
ened, the lighting programme must be ad-
justed to the natural day length at the time These times should be varied depending on
of rehousing. the condition of the flocks, the start of lay
(production, egg size) and the facilities in the
We distinguish between two variants: building.
1. Production starts as the natural day
length decreases. If for operational reasons a different diurnal
2. Production starts as the natural day rhythm from the one described above is
length increases. applied, it should not differ too much from
the dawn/dusk times stated above, having
In both variations the lighting programme at regard to the diurnal rhythm of the hens.
17 weeks of age should be set to a lighting
period of at least 10 hours, taking the natural As already mentioned, the lighting pro-
day length into account, and to be increased gramme described here is just an example
by 1 hour every week to 14 hours until 21 adjusted to Central European time.
weeks of age.
28
28
LIGHTING
If the birds are driven indoors before the end of Contact your LOHMANN TIERZUCHT specialists
the natural day and if the building can be dark- for specific lighting programmes adjusted to
ened completely, the lighting programme for your location, conditions and requirements.
windowless laying houses should be applied.
The times for darkening the room or open- Light Intensity
ing the windows are determined by the It is very important to bear in mind that birds in
lighting programme. It is important to follow an open house are exposed to very high light
the correct sequence: intensity in the natural daylight. Therefore it is
› In the evening close the windows first, crucial to prepare the pullets in the rearing for
then switch off the light; such high light intensities to avoid behavioural
› In the morning switch on the light first, disorders. High frequency light sources with a
then open the windows. bright light spectrum are recommended.
An example of a lighting programme for LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock adjusted

to location, condition and requirements by LOHMANN TIERZUCHT lighting programme tool
Week of Age
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17 Adjusted Lighting Programme for Open Houses
16
15 Lighting Programme for Dark Houses
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5 Adjusted Lighting Programme for LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
4 Hatch Date: November 24th, Location: Ankara
3
Rearing in Open House
2
1 Stimulation Age: 18 wks
0
47 49 51 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 01 03 05 07 09 11
Week of Year
Lighting Programme Lighting Standard Twilight Daylight
29
29
Table 14: Natural Daylight at different Latitudes

Week of Year Approximate Duration of Natural Daylight in hours
Hemisphere Latitude°
North South 25–30 30–35 35–40 40–45 45–50 50–55 55–60 60–65
1 27 10.30 10.10 9.40 9.10 8.30 8.00 6.40 5.00
2 28 10.30 10.10 9.40 9.20 8.40 8.10 6.50 5.40
3 29 10.40 10.20 10.00 9.30 8.50 8.20 7.20 6.00
4 30 10.40 10.30 10.10 9.40 9.10 8.40 7.50 6.40
5 31 10.50 10.40 10.20 10.00 9.30 9.00 8.20 7.20
6 32 11.00 10.50 10.30 10.10 10.00 9.30 9.00 8.10
7 33 11.10 11.00 10.40 10.30 10.20 10.00 9.20 9.00
8 34 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.50 10.40 10.20 9.50 9.30
9 35 11.30 11.30 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.50 10.40 10.10
10 36 11.40 11.40 11.40 11.30 11.30 11.20 11.20 11.00
11 37 11.50 11.50 12.00 11.50 11.50 11.50 12.00 11.40
12 38 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.20 12.20 12.20
13 39 12.20 12.20 12.30 12.30 12.40 12.40 13.00 13.00
14 40 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.50 13.00 13.10 13.30 13.50
15 41 12.40 13.00 13.00 13.20 13.20 13.40 14.10 14.40
16 42 12.50 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 14.20 14.50 15.20
17 43 13.00 13.20 13.30 13.50 14.00 14.30 15.10 16.00
18 44 13.10 13.30 13.50 14.00 14.30 15.00 15.40 16.50
19 45 13.20 13.40 14.00 14.20 14.50 15.20 16.20 17.30
20 46 13.30 13.50 14.20 14.40 15.10 15.50 16.50 18.10
21 47 13.40 14.00 14.30 15.00 15.30 16.10 17.20 18.50
22 48 13.40 14.10 14.40 15.10 15.30 16.20 17.40 19.20
23 49 13.50 14.10 14.40 15.10 15.40 16.30 18.00 19.50
24 50 13.50 14.20 14.40 15.20 15.40 16.40 18.10 20.10
25 51 13.50 14.20 14.40 15.20 15.50 16.40 18.10 20.20
26 52 13.50 14.20 14.40 15.20 16.00 16.40 18.10 20.10
30
30
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 15: Natural Daylight at different Latitudes
Week of Year Approximate Duration of Natural Daylight in hours
Hemisphere Latitude°
North South 25–30 30–35 35–40 40–45 45–50 50–55 55–60 60–65
27 1 13.50 14.20 14.40 15.10 15.50 16.30 18.00 19.50
28 2 13.50 14.20 14.40 15.10 15.50 16.20 17.40 19.20
29 3 13.40 14.20 14.30 15.10 15.30 16.10 17.20 18.40
30 4 13.30 14.00 14.20 14.40 15.20 15.50 16.50 18.10
31 5 13.30 13.50 14.10 14.30 14.50 15.30 16.20 17.30
32 6 13.20 13.30 13.50 14.10 14.30 15.00 15.50 16.50
33 7 13.10 13.20 13.40 13.50 14.10 14.30 15.10 16.00
34 8 13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.20
35 9 12.50 13.00 13.10 13.20 13.30 13.40 14.10 14.50
36 10 12.40 12.40 12.50 13.00 13.10 13.20 13.40 14.00
37 11 12.30 12.30 12.30 12.40 12.40 12.50 13.00 13.10
38 12 12.30 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.20 13.20 12.20
39 13 12.10 12.00 12.00 11.50 11.50 12.00 11.50 11.50
40 14 11.50 11.50 11.40 11.30 11.30 11.20 11.10 11.00
41 15 11.40 11.30 11.20 11.20 11.00 10.50 10.40 10.20
42 16 11.30 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.40 10.30 10.10 9.50
43 17 11.20 11.10 11.00 10.40 10.20 10.00 9.30 9.00
44 18 11.10 11.00 10.40 10.20 10.00 9.40 9.00 8.10
45 19 11.00 10.40 10.20 10.00 9.40 9.10 8.20 7.30
46 20 10.50 10.30 10.10 9.40 9.20 8.50 7.50 6.50
47 21 10.40 10.20 10.00 9.30 9.00 8.30 7.30 6.10
48 22 10.30 10.10 9.50 9.20 8.40 8.10 7.00 5.40
49 23 10.20 10.10 9.40 9.10 8.30 8.00 6.50 5.10
50 24 10.20 10.00 9.40 9.00 8.20 7.50 6.30 4.50
51 25 10.20 10.00 9.40 9.00 8.20 7.40 6.30 4.40
52 26 10.20 10.00 9.40 9.00 8.20 7.50 6.30 4.40
31
31
Hygiene Cleaning and Disinfection

›› Set up the farm at a safe distance from ›› Disinfection is only effective after cleaning
other poultry houses and fence in. thoroughly.
›› Keep birds of only one age group on the ›› Remove litter first and wash floor, walls
farm. and all equipment with plenty of water.
›› Keep no other poultry on the farm. ›› Remove all feed from silos and wash silos.
›› Allow no visitors to enter the farm. Clean feeding and drinker systems.
›› Wear only the farm´s own protective cloth- ›› Disinfect walls and floor first time by spray-
ing within the farm area. ing an effective disinfectant.
›› Provide the farm´s own protective clothing ›› Disinfect smaller parts of the equipment
for veterinarians, service and maintenance by dipping into a disinfecting solution.
workers and consultants. ›› Disinfect feeders and drinkers by spraying
›› Disinfect boots before entering the houses. or rinsing with a disinfectant.
›› Use bulk feed if possible. Do not allow the ›› Disinfect the silos by spraying a disinfect-
truck driver to enter the houses. ant.
›› Safeguard the houses against wild birds ›› Clean and disinfect streets on the farm
and vermin. Keep rats and mice under area.
constant control. ›› Leave the house for a rest period of 1 – 2
›› Dispose of dead birds hygienically. Follow weeks.
local laws and regulations. ›› Disinfect house and equipment for a sec-
ond time by fumigating or fogging a dis-
Insect and Parasite Control infectant.
›› Rinse drinker lines with plenty of water be-
If necessary, use a suitable insecticide imme- fore placing chicks.
diately after the birds have been removed in
order to kill the insects before they are hiding
in walls and parts of the equipment.
Use a contact insecticide before warming up

the house to control remaining insects. Make
sure that the application is safe for the chicks!
32
32
Daily Control
Check at least once daily: times for the layers and an adequate con-
›› Health status sumption must always be assured.
›› Temperature A water meter is a very useful tool to monitor
›› Ventilation water consumption. The optimal water tem-
›› Feed and water consumption perature is about 20 °C (68 °F). Furthermore
›› Lighting feed and water intake are closely correlated.
›› Mortality
If birds don’t drink enough water for any rea-
When assessing the state of health, do not son, feed intake is consequently reduced.
just go by the general impression and mor- The water to feed ratio at comfortable tem-
tality rate, but also take note of feed and wa- perature is around
ter consumption as well as the consistency 1.8 – 2 : 1, but this relation increases up to
of droppings. 5 : 1 at high ambient temperatures above
30 °C (86 °F). During exposure to high tem-
Mating Ratio peratures, birds consume less feed, but more
water in an effort to cool their body down.
Depending on environmental conditions,
the mating ratio ranges between 8 and 10 Check the water quality regularly, especially
males per 100 females. In controlled environ- if you use your own water supply like well
ment, usually 8 – 9 males per 100 females are water. For example excessive salt levels in
sufficient. In open houses, on slatted floors drinking water can cause persistent dam-
and hot climate 9 – 10 males per 100 females age to shell quality and hard water with high
are recommended. More males than needed TDS* levels may cause kidney damage.
cause disturbance in the flock, resulting in
reduced fertility. * TDS: Total Dissolved Solids
Water Supply
Clean water is as equally important as good
feed for top performance. Therefore fresh,
clean, potable water must be available at all
33
33
Grit Stocking Density

Feeding grit is not a must but is recommend- The optimal bird density depends on man-
ed when rations are supplemented by grains. agement conditions and to which extent cli-
This stimulates the development of the crop mate can be controlled. 6 – 8 birds/m² can be
and the gizzard during the rearing period, taken as a general guide for barn systems. Fol-
which in turn has a positive effect on feed in- low the local laws and statutory regulations.
take capacity.
Table 16: Amount and Granulation of Equipment Requirements

Grit Dependent on Age
In general, the more closely the growing
Week 1–2 once a week 1 g /bird house and facilities resemble the future pro-
(size 1– 2 mm / 0.04–0.08 in) duction system, the easier it will be for the
Week 3– 8 once a week 2 g/bird pullets to settle down in their new environ-
(size 3– 4 mm / 0.12–0.16 in)
ment after transfer to the laying house. The
From once a month 3 g/bird following tables show the equipment require-
week 9 (size 4 – 6 mm / 0.16–0.24 in)
ments for rearing and production period.
Table 17: Equipment Requirement for Rearing Period

Equipment Age in Weeks Requirement
Chick founts 1 1 fount (4–5 l) for 100 chicks
Round drinkers to 20 1 drinker (Ø 46 cm) for 125 birds
Linear drinkers to 20 1 running m for 100 birds
Nipple drinkers to 20 6–8 birds per nipple
Chick feeding trays 1–2 1 tray for 60 chicks
Cut off chick cartons 1–2 1 carton for 100 chicks
Round feeders 3–10 2 feeders (Ø 40 cm) for 100 birds
11–20 3 feeders (Ø 40 cm) for 100 birds
Chain feeders 3–10 2.5–3.5 lin. m for 100 birds
11–20 4.5 lin. m for 100 birds
Follow the Instructions of Manufacturer!
34
34
Table 18: Equipment Requirement for Production Period
Equipment Requirement
Round drinkers 1 drinker (Ø 46 cm) for 125 birds
Linear drinkers 1 running m for 80–100 birds
Nipple drinkers 6–8 birds per nipple
Round feeders 4 feeders (Ø 40 cm) for 100 birds
Single nests 1 nest (26 x 30 cm) for 4 birds
Chain feeders 5 lin. m for 100 birds
Follow the Instructions of Manufacturer!
Litter
Softwood shavings or straw make suitable sufficient nesting space in family type nests,
litter. Use shavings from untreated wood the following factors are important for a low
only in order to avoid poisonings and resi- rate of floor eggs:
dues in the egg. Provide sufficient ventilation ›› frequent collection of floor eggs
to ensure good litter condition and remove ›› no draught in the nest area
wet litter, if necessary. ›› clean, dry litter or soft nest lining
›› only one type of nest in the house
Nests and Egg Collection ›› easy access
›› even distribution of the nests within the
Quality of nests is also a factor which affects house
egg quality. Regularly renew the litter in
litter-type nests and keep them clean. Pro- For optimum hatching egg quality, rollaway
vide individual nests at a rate of one nest for nests in combination with slats are better
4 hens. Collect floor eggs frequently to keep than litter-type nests or family type nests.
their rate as low as possible. In addition to
35
35
Hatching Egg Care
›› Collect hatching eggs frequently. ›› A fogging machine is a good investment

›› Keep floor eggs separately – many will al- as there is no wetting of the eggs and the
ready be contaminated internally. fog will reach all the eggs.
›› If floor eggs are to be used, set in separate ›› Spraying can be carried out using a small
incubators (large hatchery) or set at the droplet size but the spray will not reach all
bottom of setter and hatch trolleys where eggs without a fan to aid circulation.
exploding eggs will cause less damage. ›› Formaldehyde (Formalin) is no longer rec-
›› Take out heavily soiled eggs, do not send ommended as it is harmful to the embryo,
them to the hatchery. increasing early embryonic death, and it is
›› Do not wash hatching eggs. hazardous to human health.
›› Store eggs in a clean egg store. If farm
store does not have a controlled tempera- If fumigation is the only way to disinfect eggs,
ture, transfer as soon as possible to the it can to be done in two ways:
hatchery. a) Mixing of 21 cm3 of Formaldehyde with
›› Store eggs at 22 °C (71.6 °F) if setting within 17 g of Potassium Permanganate an 21 cm3
4 days, or 16– 18 °C (60.8 – 64.4 °F) if storing of water per m3 air
for 5 – 12 days. Older eggs will have mark- • Caution: Never add Potassium Per-
edly lower hatchability. manganate to Formaldehyde!
b) Heat in of 8 g Paraformaldehyde plus
Hatching Egg Disinfection 20 cm3 of water per m3 in an electrical heat-
er. Follow closely the instructions of the
›› Fog or spray eggs with a modern disinfect- manufacturer.
ant after collection, then place in store. Fol- • Never fumigate with Formaldehyde
low manufacturers’ instructions carefully. within the first 96 hours of incuba-
›› If desired, fog eggs in egg store once a tion!
day, but this should not be necessary if the • Never exceed a fumigation time of
store is regularly cleaned. 30 minutes!
›› Eggs should be fogged again before pre- • Keep in mind that the ventilation of
warming and setting. a fumigation chamber has to be done
›› Several manufacturers are producing with clean air to avoid a recontamina-
modern disinfectants suitable for use in tion of the hatching eggs!
hatcheries.
36
36
Table 19: Body Weight Development of LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
Females Males Females Males
Age in Average Range Average Age in Average Range Average

Weeks (g) (g) (g) Weeks (g) (g) (g)
1 65 62 68 70 37 1666 1579 1753 2243
2 130 123 137 140 38 1668 1580 1756 2246
3 190 180 200 200 39 1670 1582 1758 2249
4 250 237 263 260 40 1672 1584 1760 2252
5 320 303 337 340 41 1674 1586 1762 2255
6 400 379 421 430 42 1676 1588 1764 2258
7 485 460 510 530 43 1678 1590 1766 2261
8 570 540 600 660 44 1680 1592 1768 2264
9 650 616 684 785 45 1682 1594 1770 2267
10 730 692 768 905 46 1684 1596 1772 2270
11 810 767 853 1020 47 1686 1597 1775 2273
12 880 834 926 1120 48 1688 1599 1777 2276
13 945 895 995 1210 49 1690 1601 1779 2279
14 1005 952 1058 1295 50 1692 1603 1781 2282
15 1065 1009 1121 1375 51 1694 1605 1783 2285
16 1120 1061 1179 1450 52 1696 1607 1785 2288
17 1170 1109 1231 1520 53 1698 1609 1787 2290
18 1220 1156 1284 1585 54 1700 1611 1789 2292
19 1270 1203 1337 1645 55 1702 1613 1791 2294
20 1320 1251 1389 1720 56 1704 1615 1793 2296
21 1370 1298 1442 1790 57 1706 1616 1796 2298
22 1420 1345 1495 1855 58 1708 1618 1798 2300
23 1460 1383 1537 1915 59 1710 1620 1800 2302
24 1500 1421 1579 1970 60 1712 1622 1802 2304
25 1535 1454 1616 2020 61 1713 1623 1803 2306
26 1565 1483 1647 2065 62 1714 1624 1804 2308
27 1590 1507 1673 2105 63 1715 1625 1805 2310
28 1610 1525 1695 2140 64 1716 1626 1806 2312
29 1630 1544 1716 2170 65 1717 1627 1807 2314
30 1640 1554 1726 2195 66 1718 1628 1808 2316
31 1648 1561 1735 2215 67 1719 1629 1809 2318
32 1654 1567 1741 2225 68 1720 1630 1810 2320
33 1658 1571 1745 2230 69 1721 1631 1811 2322
34 1660 1573 1747 2234 70 1722 1632 1812 2324
35 1662 1575 1749 2237 71 1723 1633 1813 2326
36 1664 1577 1751 2240 72 1724 1633 1815 2328
37
37
Table 20: Body Weight Development of LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock

Females Males Females Males
Age in Average Range Average Age in Average Range Average

Weeks (g) (g) (g) Weeks (g) (g) (g)
1 65 62 68 65 37 1891 1796 1986 2797
2 130 124 137 145 38 1894 1799 1989 2811
3 180 171 189 245 39 1897 1802 1992 2826
4 250 238 263 345 40 1900 1805 1995 2840
5 320 304 336 445 41 1902 1807 1997 2848
6 410 390 431 555 42 1904 1809 1999 2855
7 500 475 525 675 43 1906 1811 2001 2863
8 590 561 620 795 44 1908 1813 2003 2870
9 680 646 714 915 45 1910 1815 2006 2878
10 770 732 809 1035 46 1912 1816 2008 2885
11 860 817 903 1155 47 1914 1818 2010 2893
12 950 903 998 1275 48 1916 1820 2012 2900
13 1030 979 1082 1395 49 1918 1822 2014 2908
14 1110 1055 1166 1515 50 1920 1824 2016 2915
15 1190 1131 1250 1635 51 1923 1826 2019 2923
16 1270 1207 1334 1755 52 1925 1829 2021 2930
17 1350 1283 1418 1870 53 1928 1831 2024 2938
18 1440 1368 1512 1985 54 1930 1834 2027 2945
19 1530 1454 1607 2100 55 1933 1836 2029 2953
20 1600 1520 1680 2210 56 1935 1838 2032 2960
21 1650 1568 1733 2290 57 1938 1841 2034 2968
22 1695 1610 1780 2360 58 1940 1843 2037 2975
23 1735 1648 1822 2420 59 1943 1845 2040 2983
24 1773 1684 1862 2475 60 1945 1848 2042 2990
25 1808 1718 1898 2525 61 1948 1850 2045 2996
26 1828 1737 1919 2570 62 1950 1853 2048 3000
27 1843 1751 1935 2610 63 1953 1855 2050 3000
28 1855 1762 1948 2645 64 1955 1857 2053 3000
29 1862 1769 1955 2675 65 1958 1860 2056 3000
30 1870 1777 1964 2695 66 1960 1862 2058 3000
31 1873 1779 1967 2710 67 1963 1864 2061 3000
32 1876 1782 1970 2724 68 1965 1867 2063 3000
33 1879 1785 1973 2739 69 1968 1869 2066 3000
34 1882 1788 1976 2753 70 1970 1871 2068 3000
35 1885 1791 1979 2768 71 1972 1873 2070 3000
36 1888 1794 1982 2782 72 1974 1875 2072 3000
38
38
Table 21: Performance Goals of LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock
Week 21 – 46
Age in Rate of Lay Egg No. Hatching Eggs Hatch No. Saleable
Weeks (%) (%) Chicks
accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
total Chicks
per Week
per Week
per Week
saleable
per H.H.
per H.D.
Chicks
%
21 24.0 24.0 1.7 1.7 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
22 54.0 54.0 3.8 5.5 30 1.1 1.1 50 25.0 0.3 0.3
23 74.0 74.1 5.2 10.7 60 3.1 4.2 75 37.5 1.2 1.5
24 89.0 89.2 6.2 16.9 70 4.3 8.5 77 38.5 1.7 3.2
25 93.0 93.3 6.5 23.4 80 5.2 13.7 79 39.5 2.1 5.3
26 94.0 94.4 6.6 30.0 85 5.6 19.3 81 40.5 2.3 7.6
27 94.5 95.0 6.6 36.6 90 5.9 25.2 83 41.5 2.4 10.0
28 94.7 95.3 6.6 43.2 93 6.1 31.3 84 42.0 2.6 12.6
29 94.7 95.4 6.6 49.8 94 6.2 37.5 85 42.5 2.6 15.2
30 94.6 95.4 6.6 56.4 95 6.3 43.8 86 43.0 2.7 17.9
31 94.5 95.4 6.6 63.0 96 6.3 50.1 87 43.5 2.7 20.6
32 94.4 95.4 6.6 69.6 96 6.3 56.4 87 43.5 2.7 23.3
33 94.4 95.4 6.6 76.2 96 6.3 62.7 88 44.0 2.8 26.1
34 94.3 95.4 6.6 82.8 96 6.3 69.0 88 44.0 2.8 28.9
35 94.2 95.4 6.6 89.4 96 6.3 75.3 87 43.5 2.7 31.6
36 94.0 95.4 6.6 96.0 96 6.3 81.6 87 43.5 2.7 34.3
37 93.8 95.3 6.6 102.6 96 6.3 87.9 87 43.5 2.7 37.0
38 93.4 95.1 6.5 109.1 96 6.2 94.1 86 43.0 2.7 39.7
39 93.1 94.9 6.5 115.6 96 6.2 100.3 86 43.0 2.7 42.4
40 92.8 94.7 6.5 122.1 96 6.2 106.5 86 43.0 2.7 45.1
41 92.4 94.5 6.5 128.6 96 6.2 112.7 86 43.0 2.7 47.8
42 92.1 94.3 6.4 135.0 96 6.1 118.8 85 42.5 2.6 50.4
43 91.7 94.1 6.4 141.4 95 6.1 124.9 85 42.5 2.6 53.0
44 91.4 93.9 6.4 147.8 95 6.1 131.0 85 42.5 2.6 55.6
45 91.1 93.7 6.4 154.2 95 6.1 137.1 84 42.0 2.6 58.2
46 90.7 93.5 6.3 160.5 95 6.0 143.1 84 42.0 2.5 60.7
39
39
Table 21: Performance Goals of LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock

Week 47 – 72
accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
total Chicks
per Week
per Week
per Week
saleable
per H.H.
per H.D.
Chicks
%
47 90.2 93.2 6.3 166.8 95 6.0 149.1 83 41.5 2.5 63.2
48 89.7 92.9 6.3 173.1 95 6.0 155.1 83 41.5 2.5 65.7
49 89.3 92.6 6.2 179.3 94 5.8 160.9 82 41.0 2.4 68.1
50 88.8 92.3 6.2 185.5 94 5.8 166.7 82 41.0 2.4 70.5
51 88.2 91.9 6.2 191.7 94 5.8 172.5 82 41.0 2.4 72.9
52 87.7 91.5 6.1 197.8 94 5.7 178.2 81 40.5 2.3 75.2
53 87.1 91.1 6.1 203.9 93 5.7 183.9 81 40.5 2.3 77.5
54 86.5 90.7 6.1 210.0 93 5.7 189.6 81 40.5 2.3 79.8
55 86.0 90.3 6.0 216.0 93 5.6 195.2 80 40.0 2.2 82.0
56 85.3 89.8 6.0 222.0 92 5.5 200.7 80 40.0 2.2 84.2
57 84.6 89.3 5.9 227.9 92 5.4 206.1 80 40.0 2.2 86.4
58 83.9 88.8 5.9 233.8 92 5.4 211.5 79 39.5 2.1 88.5
59 83.2 88.3 5.8 239.6 92 5.3 216.8 79 39.5 2.1 90.6
60 82.4 87.7 5.8 245.4 92 5.3 222.1 78 39.0 2.1 92.7
61 81.6 87.1 5.7 251.1 92 5.2 227.3 78 39.0 2.0 94.7
62 80.8 86.5 5.7 256.8 92 5.2 232.5 77 38.5 2.0 96.7
63 80.1 85.9 5.6 262.4 92 5.2 237.7 77 38.5 2.0 98.7
64 79.2 85.2 5.5 267.9 91 5.0 242.7 76 38.0 1.9 100.6
65 78.3 84.5 5.5 273.4 91 5.0 247.7 76 38.0 1.9 102.5
66 77.3 83.7 5.4 278.8 90 4.9 252.6 75 37.5 1.8 104.3
67 76.4 82.9 5.3 284.1 90 4.8 257.4 75 37.5 1.8 106.1
68 75.3 82.0 5.3 289.4 89 4.7 262.1 74 37.0 1.7 107.8
69 74.2 81.1 5.2 294.6 89 4.6 266.7 73 36.5 1.7 109.5
70 73.1 80.1 5.1 299.7 88 4.5 271.2 72 36.0 1.6 111.1
71 71.9 79.1 5.0 304.7 88 4.4 275.6 71 35.5 1.6 112.7
72 70.7 78.0 4.9 309.6 87 4.3 279.9 70 35.0 1.5 114.2
40
40
Table 22: Performance Goals of LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock
Week 21 – 46
accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
total Chicks
per Week
per Week
per Week
saleable
per H.H.
per H.D.
Chicks
%
21 15.0 15.0 1.1 1.1 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0
22 40.0 40.1 2.8 3.9 50 1.4 1.4 70 34 0.5 0.5
23 65.0 65.2 4.6 8.5 60 2.8 4.2 75 37 1.0 1.5
24 83.0 83.3 5.8 14.3 70 4.1 8.3 78 38 1.6 3.1
25 90.5 91.0 6.3 20.6 80 5.0 13.3 80 39 2.0 5.1
26 92.0 92.6 6.4 27.0 85 5.4 18.7 82 40 2.2 7.3
27 92.5 93.2 6.5 33.5 90 5.9 24.6 83 40 2.4 9.7
28 92.8 93.5 6.5 40.0 93 6.0 30.6 86 42 2.5 12.2
29 92.9 93.7 6.5 46.5 94 6.1 36.7 88 43 2.6 14.8
30 92.9 93.8 6.5 53.0 95 6.2 42.9 88 43 2.7 17.5
31 92.8 93.9 6.5 59.5 95 6.2 49.1 88 43 2.7 20.2
32 92.8 94.0 6.5 66.0 95 6.2 55.3 88 43 2.7 22.9
33 92.5 93.9 6.5 72.5 95 6.2 61.5 88 43 2.7 25.6
34 92.3 93.8 6.5 79.0 95 6.2 67.7 88 43 2.7 28.3
35 92.1 93.7 6.4 85.4 96 6.1 73.8 88 43 2.6 30.9
36 91.8 93.6 6.4 91.8 96 6.1 79.9 88 43 2.6 33.5
37 91.6 93.5 6.4 98.2 96 6.1 86.0 88 43 2.6 36.1
38 91.3 93.4 6.4 104.6 96 6.1 92.1 88 43 2.6 38.7
39 91.1 93.3 6.4 111.0 96 6.1 98.2 88 43 2.6 41.3
40 90.8 93.1 6.4 117.4 96 6.1 104.3 88 43 2.6 43.9
41 90.4 92.9 6.3 123.7 95 6.0 110.3 88 43 2.6 46.5
42 90.0 92.7 6.3 130.0 95 6.0 116.3 88 43 2.6 49.1
43 89.5 92.4 6.3 136.3 95 6.0 122.3 88 43 2.6 51.7
44 89.1 92.1 6.2 142.5 95 5.9 128.2 88 43 2.5 54.2
45 88.6 91.8 6.2 148.7 95 5.9 134.1 87 42 2.5 56.7
46 88.1 91.5 6.2 154.9 95 5.9 140.0 87 42 2.5 59.2
41
41
Table 22: Performance Goals of LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock

Week 47 – 72
accumulated
accumulated
accumulated
total Chicks
per Week
per Week
per Week
saleable
per H.H.
per H.D.
Chicks
%
47 87.6 91.2 6.1 161.0 95 5.8 145.8 86 42 2.4 61.6
48 87.0 90.8 6.1 167.1 95 5.8 151.6 86 42 2.4 64.0
49 86.4 90.4 6.0 173.1 95 5.7 157.3 85 41 2.4 66.4
50 85.7 89.9 6.0 179.1 95 5.7 163.0 85 41 2.4 68.8
51 85.0 89.4 6.0 185.1 94 5.6 168.6 84 41 2.3 71.1
52 84.3 88.9 5.9 191.0 94 5.5 174.1 83 40 2.2 73.3
53 83.6 88.4 5.9 196.9 94 5.5 179.6 82 40 2.2 75.5
54 82.9 87.9 5.8 202.7 94 5.5 185.1 80 39 2.1 77.6
55 82.1 87.3 5.7 208.4 94 5.4 190.5 80 39 2.1 79.7
56 81.4 86.7 5.7 214.1 94 5.4 195.9 80 39 2.1 81.8
57 80.6 86.1 5.6 219.7 94 5.3 201.2 80 39 2.1 83.9
58 79.8 85.5 5.6 225.3 93 5.2 206.4 80 39 2.0 85.9
59 79.0 84.9 5.5 230.8 93 5.1 211.5 80 39 2.0 87.9
60 78.3 84.3 5.5 236.3 92 5.1 216.6 80 39 2.0 89.9
61 77.5 83.7 5.4 241.7 92 5.0 221.6 80 39 2.0 91.9
62 76.7 83.1 5.4 247.1 92 5.0 226.6 78 38 1.9 93.8
63 76.0 82.5 5.3 252.4 92 4.9 231.5 78 38 1.9 95.7
64 75.2 81.9 5.3 257.7 92 4.9 236.4 78 38 1.9 97.6
65 74.5 81.3 5.2 262.9 90 4.7 241.1 76 37 1.7 99.3
66 73.6 80.6 5.2 268.1 90 4.7 245.8 76 37 1.7 101.0
67 72.7 79.9 5.1 273.2 90 4.6 250.4 76 37 1.7 102.7
68 71.9 79.2 5.0 278.2 90 4.5 254.9 74 36 1.6 104.3
69 71.0 78.5 5.0 283.2 90 4.5 259.4 74 36 1.6 105.9
70 70.1 77.8 4.9 288.1 90 4.4 263.8 72 35 1.5 107.4
71 69.3 77.1 4.9 293.0 90 4.4 268.2 72 35 1.5 108.9
72 68.4 76.4 4.8 297.8 90 4.3 272.5 70 34 1.5 110.4
42
42
INFORMATION
How LOHMANN TIERZUCHT is calculating the energy content
of feed and raw materials (International WPSA-formula):
ME MJ/kg = g crude protein x 0.01551
+ g crude fat x 0.03431
+ g crude starch x 0.01669 ME = metabolizable energy in MJ/kg
+ g sugar x 0.01301 (as Saccharose) 1 kcal = 4.187 kJ
Consultation and diagnostics in all questions of

poultry health through:
Veterinary-Laboratory Veterinary-Laboratory
› Diagnostics Abschnede 64 | 27472 Cuxhaven | Germany
› Quality Control Phone +49 (0) 4721 707-244 | Fax +49 (0) 4721 707-267
› Research and Development Email [email protected] | www.ltz.de
DISCLAIMER
The information, advices and suggestions given in this management guide should be used for
guidance and educational purposes only, recognizing that local environmental and disease
conditions may vary and a guide cannot cover all possible circumstances. While every attempt
has been made to ensure that the information presented is accurate and reliable at the time
of publication, LOHMANN TIERZUCHT cannot accept responsibility for any errors, omissions or
inaccuracies in such information or management suggestions.
Further, LOHMANN TIERZUCHT does not warrant or make any representations or guarantees
regarding the use, validity, accuracy, or reliability of, or flock performance or productivity re-
sulting from the use of, or otherwise respecting, such information or management sugges-
tions. In no event LOHMANN TIERZUCHT be liable for any special, indirect or consequential
damages or special damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use of the
information or management suggestions containing in this management guide.
46
46
LOHMANN TIERZUCHT GmbH
Am Seedeich 9 –11 | 27472 Cuxhaven | Germany
Phone + 49 (0) 47 21/505-0 | Telefax + 49 (0) 47 21/ 505-222 Email
03/19
[email protected] | www.lohmann-breeders.com
BREEDING FOR SUCCESS … TOGETHER

Lohmann Brown Lohmann LSL: Parent Stock

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LOHMANN BROWN

BREEDING FOR SUCCESS … TOGETHER

4 Top Performance by Systematic Selection

5 Breeding Scheme LOHMANN LSL

6 Performance Data LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock

7 Breeding Scheme LOHMANN BROWN

8 Performance Data LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock

TOP PERFORMANCE BY SYSTEMATIC SELECTION

LOHMANN TIERZUCHT – the right partner for

BREEDING SCHEME  LOHMANN LSL

Hatchability Average 80–83 %

Body Weight Female

Feed Consumption 1–20 weeks 7.2 kg (15.8 lbs.)

Liveability Rearing 96–98 %

BREEDING SCHEME  LOHMANN BROWN

Hatchability Average 80–83 %

Body Weight Female

Feed Consumption 1–20 weeks 8.0 kg (17.6 lbs.)

Liveability Rearing 96–98 %

Table 1: Desired Temperatures at Bird Level Dependent on Age

Cage Rearing Floor Rearing

Table 2: Minimum Air Quality Requirements

Body Temperature of the

Disease Occurrence Application Remarks

Marek SC – IM Day 1– Hatchery

DW: Drinking Water WW: Wing Web

Observe the following pre­

Nutrient Source of Information Analytical Method

Crude Protein Results of European Method according to Kjeldahl

Amino Acids Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Amino Acid Analyser

Digestible Amino Acids Digestion Coefficients based on

Calcium Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Flame - Photometry

Total Phosphorus Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Ultraviolet-Spectroscopy

Available Phosphorus Results of French Availability

Chlorine Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Titration Method acc. to Mohr

Linoleic Acid Results of LOHMANN TIERZUCHT Gas-Chromatography Analysis

Table 4: LOHMANN LSL Parent Stock Females

Ad Libitum Feed Supply

Nutrient 1 – 3 weeks 4 – 8 weeks 9 – 17/18 18/19 weeks –

Table 7: Recommended Particle-Size Distribution for Chick Starter, Grower,

Table 8: Recommended Nutrient Levels per kg of Feed for different daily

Nutrient Requirement Daily Feed Consumption

Table 9: Recommended Nutrient Levels per kg of Feed for different daily

Nutrient Requirement Daily Feed Consumption

Table 10: Recommended Micro-Nutrient Specification

Table 11: Continuous Supply of Fine and Coarse Limestone

Intermittent Lighting Pro- Lighting Programme

of the following lighting programme brings Lighting Programme

Table 12: Lighting Programme for Windowless Houses 

** or run an Intermittent Lighting Programme

** or run an Intermittent Lighting Programme

Lighting Programme for Open Houses

An example of a lighting programme for LOHMANN BROWN Parent Stock adjusted

Lighting Programme Lighting Standard Twilight Daylight

Table 14: Natural Daylight at different Latitudes

Hygiene Cleaning and Disinfection

Use a contact insecticide before warming up

Grit Stocking Density

BREEDING SCHEME LOHMANN LSL

BREEDING SCHEME LOHMANN BROWN

Observe the following pre

Table 12: Lighting Programme for Windowless Houses

›› Collect hatching eggs frequently. ›› A fogging machine is a good investment