Railway Reservation system

Chapter 1
SYNOPSIS

Project Title

Railway Reservation System

1.2. Project Option

None

1.3. Internal Guide

Prof.Gunjal.T.S

1.4. Problem Statement

Railway Reservation System

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Chapter 2
ABSTRACT

The railway reservation system facilitates the passengers to enquiry about the trains
available on the basis of source and destination, booking and cancellation of tickets, enquiry
about the status of the booked ticket, etc. The aim of case study is to design and develop a data
base maintaining records of different trains, train status and passengers.This project contains
introduction to the railways reservation system. It is the computerized system of reserving the
seats of train seats in advance. It is mainly used for a long route. Online reservation has made
the process for the reservation of seats very much easier than ever before.

In our country India, there are number of counters for the reservation of the seats
and one can easily make reservations and get tickets. Railway reservation system, has described
above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast management system. It can assist the user
to concentrate on their other activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will
help organization it better utilization of resources. Administrator of the project, with the help of
a password, can enter new train record, display all train records, modify train records and delete
train records. The record of train includes its number, name, source, destination, and days on
which it is available, whereas record of train status includes dates for which tickets can be
booked, total number of seats available, and number of seats already booked.

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Chapter 3
INTRODUCTION

Railway reservation system is developed for to automate the railways reservation system. It
includes modules required to successfully operate railways reversion process smoothly. It has train
master to add modified train information, train schedule to enter train journey details include all
the station name, arrival time and departure time. It includes automatic fair calculation as per the
distance between two stations. Reservation module consists of automatic seat number and coaches
no allocation system. Daily schedule for updating of not conform seat and coach no. All master
like train master, Train schedule, reservation fees, cancellation fees, charges can be modified
individually from front end and changes reflect in all modules immediately.

Therefore proposed “Railway reservation system” has been designed to automate the process
of railway for ticket reservation and back office activities. System can make the daily activities
efficient and provide the fast response. The “Railway reservation system” has been developed to
override the problems prevailing in the practicing manual system. This software is supported to
eliminate and in some cases reduce the hardships faced by this existing system. Moreover this
system is designed for a particular need of a company to carry out operations in a smooth and
effective manner.

The application is reduced has much as possible to avoid errors while entering the data. It also
provides error messages while entering invalid data. No formal knowledge is needed for the user
to use this system. Thus by this all it proves it is user friendly. Railway reservation system, has
described, can lead to error free, and secure, reliable and fast managing system. It can assist the
user to concentrate on the other activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will
help organization in better utilization of resources.

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Chapter 4
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

This project will give us the information about railway reservation. This system is
basically concerned with the reservation and cancellation of railway tickets to the passengers. To
be more specific, our system is limited in such a way that a train starting from a particular source
will have a single destination. The basic functions being performed by our system are reservation
and cancellation. Customers can find the proper and correct information about the railway and
shows the

• It reserves and cancels seats for the passenger

• It contains information about the trains.

• It contains information about the Seat Availability.

• Railway time table.

• Reservation Possibilities.

• Train Ticket booking.

• Booked Railway Ticket Status.

• Train between stations

NEED OF THIS SYSTEM

• To reduce complexity of existing system.

• Effective management of time.

• To make work easy, simple and error free.

• Effective utilization of available resource.

• To enhance the efficiency and diversification of services activities.

• User friendly.

• Interactive graphical user interface.

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EXISTING SYSTEM

In the existing system exams are done only manually but in proposed system we have to
computerize the exams using this application. The existing system has the following problems:

• Lack of security of data.

• More man power.

• Time consuming.

• Consumes large volume of pare work.

• Needs manual calculations.

• No direct role for the higher officials

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Chapter 5
PROPOSED SYSTEM

The aim of propose system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The

proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides he
following services:

• Security of data.
• Ensure data accuracy.
• Proper control of the higher officials.
• Minimize manual data entry.
• Minimum time is needed for various processes.
• Greater efficiency.
• Better service.
• User friendliness and interactive

FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility study is the important step in any system development

process. Because it makes analysis of different aspects like cost required for developing and
executing the system, the time required for each stage of the system. If these important factors are
not analysed then definitely it would be a total failure. So for running the application and the
organization successfully this step is a very important step in a software development lifecycle
process. There are three types of feasibility analysis:

• Operational feasibility

• Technical feasibility

• Economical/financial feasibility

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OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

Operational feasibility measures how well the solution will work in the organization and how will
end-user and management feels about the system. Proposed system is helpful for all the users
associated with the organization. It will allow the administrator to have upto-date information
regarding all the aspects of their users, the decision-making process will also become faster with
the use of data integration, consolidation. So it is feasible to implement the system.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This involves questions such as whether the technology needed for the system exists, how difficult
it will be to build, and whether the firm has enough experience using that technology. This system
required minimum hardware equipment to run efficiently

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

Economically to find out whether this project is economically feasible or not for that used
feasibility analyses. In this stage list direct costs or indirect costs associated with the project.

OBJECTIVES

The objective of this project is to provide tickets to public in the comfortsto their home or residence
and to save them from hassles to visit ‘Railway Reservation Centres’. By doing this, we are not
only saving time of public but also saving their cost of traveling or parking to these centres. For
Railways it is saving on their infrastructure i.e. Buildings, Air-Conditioning, Electricity, Furniture,
Staff etc.

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Chapter 6
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Requirements are a feature of a system or description of something that is capable of

doing in order to fulfill the systems purpose. It provides the appropriate mechanism for
understanding what the customer wants, analyzing the needs, assessing feasibility, negotiating a
solution, specifying the solution unambiguously, validating the specification and managing the
requirements as they are translated into an operational system. Requirement Analysis is a task done
under software engineering and software design. While requirements engineering specifies
software‟s operational characteristics i.e. function, data behavior, indicates software

s interface constraints, requirements analysis let the software engineer (called analysis) to refine
the software allocation and construct models of data, functional and behavioral domains.
Moreover, requirements analysis provides software developer with a representation of data,
function and behavior that can be converted to data, architectural, interface and component-level
designs. At last, we can say that the requirement specification makes available, the developer and
the customer, a means to assess quality, once the software has been built. Software requirements
analysis can be categorized into four areas of effort, as follows Evaluation and synthesis Modeling
Specification Review

Railway Reservation System The analyst starts with the studies of system specification
and the software project plan. It is then important to understand the software in a system context.
Also, the review of the software scope, used to generate planning estimate, is necessary. Next,
communication for analysis must be established, so as to ensure problem recognition. The reason
behind is to recognize the basic problem elements perceived by customer. The next major area of
effort for analysis is problem evaluation and solution synthesis. The engineer (or analyst) must
define all data objects that are extremely observable. He must evaluate the content and flow of
information. Also, he must define and describe all software functions, understand software
behavior in the context of the system affected events, establish the characteristics of system
interface, and uncover additional design constraints. After evaluating the current problems and
desired information (i.e., input and output), the engineer and analyst synthesizing one or more
solutions. Initially, the data objects, processing functions and the system behavior are defined in
detail. Once establishing this information, the analyst then considers basic architectures for
implementation. Thus the process of evaluation and synthesis proceeds until both analyst and the
customer are sure that software can be adequately specified for subsequent development steps.
During the evaluation and synthesis activity, the analyst creates the system model so as to better
understand data and control flow, functional processing, operational behavior and the information

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Chapter 7
TEST CASES

SR.NO TEST CASE TEST CASE I/P DATA EXPECTED AUCTUAL STATUS
ID OBJECTIVE RESULT RESULT

1 TC-1 Login field Any valid log It should The login Pass
name (abcd accept the log name is
xyz) name accepted

2 TC-2 Password Valid Valid Successful Pass

field Password password login
should be message
accepted

3 TC-3 Password Invalid Should not Message Pass

field Password accept wrong displayed as
password Invalid log or
wrong
Password

4 TC-4 Date of Date format It should Accepted Pass

journey not before the accept
current date

5 TC-5 Date of return Date greater It should Accepted Pass

journey than the accept date
return
journey date

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Chapter 8
TEST DEFECT REPOET

Defect report For Railway reservation system:

Defect id: D001

Project Name: Railway Reservation System

Module Name : User Module.
Sub Module : Open Application
Defect Reported Date : - 24/12/2021

Product:
Railway Reservation System

Components:
Mapping. ICS develops geolocation apps leveraging available map data
( e.g. Google Maps, Navteq Maps or Open Street Map) to access a location -
based service or navigate to a point of interest.
Social Networking. ...
Specialized Devices. ...
E Reader. ...
Games.

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Defect Type:
Network related issues.
Memory leakage.
Slow responses.
Network related issues.
Permission issues (camera, video, audio)

Environmental:
Railway reservation system
User/customer

Steps:

1. Idea creation:

 The goal: Specify your idea and minimum viable product -

2. Sketching :

 The goal: Make the main idea of the app/website clear to

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3. Wire framing:
 The goal: Create a clear visualization of how the app will look.
4. Graphic designing:
 The goal: Make the user experience friendly.

5. Coding and programming:

 The goal: Launch the project as fast as possible without any mistakes

Status: New
Severity: Low
Priority: Medium

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Chapter 9
SYSTEM REQURIMENTS & SPECIFICATION

REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is a complete description of the behaviour of the

system to be developed. It includes a set of use case that describes all the interactions that the users
will have with the software.

Use cases are also known as Functional Requirements. Non-Functional Requirements are
requirements which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such as performance
requirements, quality standards, or design constraints).

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

In software engineering, a functional requirement defines a function of a software-system or

component. A function is described as a set of inputs, the behaviour and outputs. Functional
requirements may be calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing and other
specific functionality that show how a use case to be fulfilled. Typically, a requirements analyst
generates functional requirements after building use cases. However, this may have exceptions
since software development is an iterative process and sometime certain requirements are
conceived prior to the definition of the use case. Both artefacts (use cases documents and
requirements documents) complement each other in a bidirectional process.

A typical functional requirement will contain a unique name and number, a brief summary, and a
rationale. This information is used to help the reader understand why the requirement is needed,
and to track the requirement through the development of the system.

The core of the requirement is the description of the required behaviour, which must be a clear and
readable description of the required behaviour. This behaviour may come from organizational or
business rule, or it may be discovered through elicitation sessions with users, stakeholders and
other experts within the organization. Software requirements must be clear, correct unambiguous,
specific and verifiable.

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NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

In systems engineering and requirements engineering, non-functional requirements are

requirements which specify criteria that can be used to judge the operation of system, rather than
specific behaviours. Non-functional requirements are often called qualities of a system. Other
terms for non-functional requirements are “constraints”, “quality attributes”, “quality goals” and
“quality of service requirements”. Qualities, i.e. nonfunctional requirements can be divided into 2
main categories:

• Execution qualities, such as security and usability, are observable at runtime.

• Evolution qualities, such as extensibility and scalability, embody in the static structure of the
software system.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

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Chapter 10
SYSTEM DESIGN

In the system design process, the primary objective is to identify user requirements and to build a
system that satisfies these requirements. Basically, the design phase concentrates on "how" the
system is developed. Design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed. It
refers to the technical specification that will apply in implementing the candidate system.

The design phase is the second important steps in the system development life cycle. During this
phase the analyst does the following:

• Schedules design activities.

• Works with the user to determine the different data inputs to the system.

• Draws the model of new system, using data flow diagram & entityrelationship diagrams.

• Defines the data requirements with a data dictionary.

• Writes program specifications.

• Identifies and orders any hardware and software that the system design phase

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

LEVEL 1 DFD

LEVEL 2 DFD

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ER DIAGRAM

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SCHEMA

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Chapter 11
SYSTEM TESTING

TESTING Software testing is a critical phase of software quality assurance. It indicates the
ultimate review of specification, design and code generation. Once source code has been
generated, software must be tested to uncover and correct maximum possible errors, before being
delivered. Testing emphasizes on a set of methods for the creation of test cases that fulfil overall
testing objectives. The primary objectives of software testing are as follows:

• Testing is a process of executing a program to find an error in it.

• A good test case should have a high probability of finding an as yet-undiscovered error.

• A test case will be considered successful if it uncovers an as-yet undiscovered error.

TESTING USED IN THIS PROJECT

1) UNIT TESTING

Unit testing aims the verification effort on the smallest unit of software design i.e., a software
component or module. It uses procedural design as a guide to test major control paths and uncover
errors within the module boundary. It is a White box oriented and the step can be conducted in
parallel for multiple components. Unit testing is a dynamic method for verification, where the
program is actually compiled and executed. It is one of the most widely used methods, and the
coding phase is sometimes called “coding and unit testing phase”. The goal of unit testing is to test
modules or “units”, not the whole software system. Unit testing is most often done by the
programmer himself/herself. The goal of Unit testing is to isolate each part of the program and
show that the individual parts are correct. A unit test provides a strict, written contract that the
piece of code must satisfy. As a result, it affords several benefits.

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2) INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is a phase of software testing in which individual software modules are
combined and tested as a group. It follows snit testing and precedes system testing. The major
objective of integration testing is to tackle the problem of integration i.e. putting all the modules
together. One module can have an inadvertent, adverse effect on another, sub functions, when
combined, may not be magnified to unacceptable levels; global data structure can cause problems
and to truncate this list of problems we use integration testing. Integration testing strategy used is
Bottom-Up Integration Testing. In it all the bottom or low level modules, procedures or functions
are integrated and then tested. After the integration testing of lower level integration modules, the
next level of modules will be formed and can be used for integration testing. This approach is
helpful only when all or most of the modules of the same development level are ready. This method
helps to determine the levels of software development and makes easier to report testing progress
in the form of a percentage.

3) VALIDATION TESTING

At the climax of integration testing, software is developed as a package having all the errors
uncovered and corrected. At this time, a final series of software test May be in process. It is called
validation testing. Validation succeeds when software function in a reasonably expectable manner.
Validation attempts to uncover errors, but the emphasis is on the requirements level i.e. the things
that will be immediately apparent to the customer

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Chapter 12
RESULT & DICUSSION

ORRS HOME PAGE

ADMIN LOGIN PAGE

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RESERVATION SCHEDULE PAGE

ACCOMODATION SETTING PAGE

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PASSENGER INFORMATION PAGE

RESERVATION CONFIRMATION PROMPT

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PAYMENT INFORMATION PAGE

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RESERVATION LISTING FOR ADMIN

ACCEPTING PAYMENT FOR RESERVATION

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TRANSACTION SAVED PROMPT

TRANSACTION LISTING FOR ADMIN

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Chapter 13
CONCLUSION

Rather than designing manually we have made use of computer as once that data’s are input
it performs accurate function. There is no chance of fault or miscalculation if the data are fed
correctly. Use of the computers has solved many problems, which are faced while manual
calculation. This is not the end but beginning of the versatile, efficient and outsourcing railway
reservation system. This is the one which is compatible to all operating system. By making this
we project we made a small footstep towards the path of progress of platform independent railway
reservation system

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Chapter 14
REFERENCE

https://docshare.tips/online-railway-reservation.com

https://www.slideshare.net/shashankkarnati/railway-management-system-database.com

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/railway-reservation-system-in-c/

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