General deficiencies in DPRs and Estimates,

Feasibility Study and Preparation of DPR for

Highway projects, Checklists, Scrutiny of
estimates and DPRs,
 CONTENT
• Mode of delivery –Construction Contracts, EPC
and BOT
• Selection of consultant for DPR
• Terms of Reference
• Key personnel for DPR
• Estimate for consultancy service for DPR
• DPR preparation: Inception, feasibility, PPR,
DPR including assessment of costs
• Scrutiny of DPR prepared/ submitted for NH
projects and General deficiencies
• Case studies
 MODE OF DELIVERY

• Construction contract (CC)

• Built, Operate and Transfer (BOT) (Toll)
• BOT (Annuity)
• Engineering, Procurement & Construction
(EPC) Mode
• Hybrid Annuity Mode
 EPC
EPC stands for ENGINEERING,
PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
Contract for design, engineering, procurement of
material and equipment, construction and
completion including maintenance in defect
liability period of the project.
 Sanction of EPC work
• Feasibility Report / Detailed Project Report
• Cost Estimate based on Feasibility Report/DPR
• Schedules in EPC Document (A, B, C, D, E, H, J)
• Clear status of
 Ensuring completion of LA in 90% length of Project
(3A & 3D publication and award of compensation )
• Process for Utility Shifting (Electric, High Tension,
Telephone lines / Poles , Water Pipe line, etc)
(Sanction of Estimates received from State Electricity board /
Public Health and other Deptt, for sanction from Authority)
• Approval of Forest Proposals
• Ensuring Environmental Clearance
• Permission/ NOC/ Approval of GAD of desired
structures from Respective Authorities
(Railway, Canal crossing etc)
32
 Feasibility cum Preliminary Project Report
(FCPPR)
• For projects that may be taken up on BOT
(Toll/Annuity) basis or EPC basis, complete DPR
may not be necessary. Only Feasibility cum
Preliminary design of the project may be adequate
to invite bids. Feasibility cum preliminary project
report can be prepared in these cases.
 FR/ DPR FOR EPC PROJECTS
• For EPC projects instead of Detailed Project Report,
Feasibility Study Report is sufficient.
• Detailed design and drawings for construction are
prepared by contractor within parameters of EPC
Agreement including Manual of Standards and
Specifications.
• Contractor to get designs and drawings checked by a
proof consultant and a safety consultant.
• The designs and drawings are reviewed by Authority
Engineer to ensure conformance to the scope of the
project, design standards and specifications.
 SELECTION OF CONSULTANT FOR
DPR/FCPPR
• Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS)
Relative weight to be given for quality
(evaluation of technical proposal) and cost
(financial proposal).
• Lowest cost
Lowest cost amongst consultants who pass
after evaluation of technical proposal.
 FIRST STAGE EVALUATION

Eligibility criteria
• Firm’s experience in DPR in last 7 years
– Aggregate length to be more than project length
– One project of more than 40% of project length
• Average annual turnover for last 3 years
• Essential equipment, software- MX/ MOSS or
equivalent, AutoCAD, STAD or equivalent
 SECOND STAGE EVALUATION

• Firm’s Relevant Experience in last 7 years

• Adequacy of Approach and Methodology
• Survey & Investigation Equipment and Software
• Qualification and Relevant Experience of the
Proposed Key Personnel
 THIRD STAGE EVALUATION AND
RANKING
• Evaluation of Financial proposal
• Ranking of Proposals
o The lowest financial proposal (FM) is given a financial
score (SF) of 100 points.
o The financial scores of other proposals
SF=100 x FM/F
where F = amount of financial proposal converted in the
common currency
o Ranking based on combined technical (ST) and financial
(SF) scores
S = ST x T + SF x F where T and F are weightage
(Technical score= 80%, Financial score = 20%)
 Terms of Reference (TOR) for project
consultancy work
Primary Tasks
i) Review of available data and information.
ii) Social analysis.
iii) Detailed reconnaissance.
iv) Identification of required improvements.
v) Traffic studies/ surveys and demand
forecasting.
vi) Inventory and condition survey of road
Primary Tasks (cont’d)

vii)Inventory and condition survey of bridges and

CD works.
viii) Detailed topographic surveys using Total
Stations and GPS.
ix) Pavement investigations.
x) Investigation of required sub-grade and
subsoil characteristics.
xi) Identification of source of construction
materials.
Primary Tasks (cont’d)

xii) Use of locally available/ recycled material.

xiii) Detailed designs of road, bridges and CD
works.
xiv) Identification of type and design of road
intersections.
xv) Environmental and rehabilitation and
resettlement aspects.
xvi)Value analysis/ engineering and project
costing.
xvii) Economic and financial analysis.
Primary Tasks (cont’d)

xviii)Prioritization of segments for implementation.

xix)Preparation of strip plans of proposals and for
shifting of utilities and tree cutting
xx) Reports, documents and drawings.
xxi) PQ and bid documents for civil works and
BOT projects.
xxii) Requirements of ancillary works.
xxiii) Requirement of training of client’s officers.
Primary Tasks (cont’d)

xxiv) Design of parking areas, rest places and

weigh bridges and any other user oriented facility..
xxv) Segregation of slow and fast moving traffic.
TOR to include

• Review of data and document

• Social analysis
• Traffic surveys
--Number and location of survey stations
--Classified traffic volume count survey
--Origin and destination and commodity movement survey
--Turning movement surveys
-- Axle load surveys
-- Speed delay surveys
TOR to include (cont’d)

--Pedestrian /animal cross survey

--Truck terminal survey
-- Toll rate surveys
-- Traffic demand survey
• Engineering surveys and investigations
-- Reconnaissance and alignment
--Topographic surveys Total Station, Digital Terrain
Model, survey in X,Y,Z format
--Longitudinal and Cross sections
--Details of utility and other physical features
TOR to include (cont’d)

• Road and Pavement Investigations

--Road inventory, terrain, land use, widths, surfacing types,
subgrade, curvature, intersection types, water bodies,
culvert, bridges, structure, utilities
--Pavement composition
--Road and pavement condition
--Pavement roughness
-- Banklement beam deflection
--subgrade characteristics, CBR
--Embankment condition
--Drainage
TOR to include (cont’d)

• Tunnel, if any
• Bridges and structures
--Inventory of bridges, culverts and structures
--Hydraulic and Hydrological investigation
-- Condition survey IRC SP 35-1990
--Geotechnical investigation soil investigation as per IRC
78-2000
• Material investigation
--Identify sources, quarry sites, borrow ares
--Undertake field and laboratory test
--Environmental restrictions to be considered
TOR to include (cont’d)

• Detailed design
Geometric design
Pavement deign
Embankment design
Design of bridges and structures
Drainage system
Traffic safety features, road furniture, road
marking
TOR to include (cont’d)

• Aboriculture and land scaping

• Toll plaza
• Weighing station, parking areas, rest area, busbays
• Detailed plan for traffic management and safety
during construction
TOR to include (cont’d)

• Environment and social impact assessment

• Requirements for resettlement plan
• Estimation of quantities and project cost
• Viability and Financing options
• Economic analysis EIRR and NPV
• Financial analysis
• Time period for service, project team and office
• Reporting
 Estimate for consultancy

1. Remuneration to local staff (Key Personnel and

sub-professionals)
2. Supporting staff
3. Transportation
4. Duty travel to site
5. Office Rent
6. Office supply, utilities and communication
7. Office furniture and equipment (Rental)
 Estimate for consultancy (cont’d)
8. Reports and document printing
9. Survey and investigation
A. Topographic survey
B. Investigations
Subtotal
Service tax on remunerations
Total cost (including service tax)
Total Cost Net of Service Tax
 Key Personnel

1. Senior Highway/ Bridge Engineer

cum Team leader
2. Senior tunnel engineer, if required
3. Highway Engineer
4. Pavement Specialist
5. Bridge Engineer.
 Key Personnel (contd.)

6. Traffic Engineer.
7. Material cum Geotechnical Engineer
8. Senior Survey Engineer.
9. Environmental specialist
10. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Expert.
11. Quantity surveyor/ Documentation expert
12. BOT expert
 Sub-Professional staff

Dy. Highway cum Bridge Engineer, Dy. Bridge

Engineer, Dy Traffic Engineer, Hydrologist cum
Drainage Engineer, Road Safety Engineer,
Transport Economist, Environmental Officer,
Social Scientist, Dy. Quantity Surveyor, CADD
Engineer, CADD Draughtsman, Laboratory
Technician.
 PROJECT PREPARATION

• Quality Assurance Plan Inception Report

• Feasibility Report

• Preliminary Project Report

• Detailed Project Report

 QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
INCEPTION REPORT
• Quality Assurance
--Plan(QAP)/procedures
--Persons responsible for activities
• Inception Report
--Project appreciation
--Detailed approach and methodology,
--Manning schedule,
--Work programme,
--Proforma for data collection,
--Design Standards,
-
Inception Report (cont’d)

--Key and linear plan,

--Development plan
--Approach for identification of
most suitable method of financing,
--Identification of requirement of
bypasses, if any, with alignment
options, their pros and cons.
 FEASIBILITY REPORT

1. Executive summary
2. Overview of organization, activities, programme
and project financing and cost recovery
mechanism
3. Project description including alternate alignment
plan with existing and proposed right of way and
engineering alternatives.
4. Indicative design standards, methodology and
technical specifications.
 Feasibility Report (cont’d)

5 Socio-economic profile of project area

6 Environmental screening and preliminary
environmental assessment
7 Initial assessment and preliminary land
acquisition /resettlement plan
8. Data from pavement and material investigations.
9. Inventories of road, pavement, bridges, cross
drainage and other structures.
10. Possible alternatives of GADs of new required
bridges.
 Feasibility Report (cont’d)

11. Traffic surveys and analysis

12. Preliminary cost estimate
13. Economic and financial analysis.

Consultant initially submits draft feasibility report

on which client gives comments. Final feasibility
report is submitted thereafter.
 STRIP PLAN AND CLEARANCES
• Strip plan along with Land acquisition plan,
schedule of ownership and cost of acquisition.
• Utility relocation plan and cost of relocation
• Felling of trees and value estimates
• Centre line, existing and proposed right of way
• Details of various clearances such as environment
and forest.
STRIP PLAN AND CLEARANCES (cont’d)

• Report indicating land acquisition and resettlement

plan and cost of resettlement and rehabilitation of
such persons. It shall also include compensatory
afforestation and cost involved.
PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT (PPR)

Draft PPR
Volume 1: Preliminary Design Report
• Executive summary
• Project description
• Summary of Environment Impact
Assessment/ Initial Envionment
Examination action plan
• Summary of Resettlement Plan
Volume 1: Preliminary Design Report(contd.)

• Updated cost estimates

• Updated economic and financial anlyses
• Suggested methods of procurement and
packaging
• Conclusion and recommendations
 Volume II: Design Report

• Road and bridge inventory

• Summary of survey and investigation data
• Proposed design basis, standards and
specifications.
• Proposed pavement design
• Preliminary bridge designs
Volume III: Drawings

• Location map
• Layout plan
• Typical cross sections showing pavement details
• Drawings for cross drainage
• Drawing for structures
• Road junction designs
• Indicative land acquisition plans
Volume IV: Environment Impact Assessment or
Initial Environment Examination and Environment
Management Plan

Volume V: Resettlement Plan and Resettlement

Action Plan

Final PPR incorporating comments revision and

modifications suggested by Ministry/ Client is
submitted by consultant.
 DRAFT DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

To be prepared construction package wise.

Volume-I, Main Report
Presents project background, social analysis, details
of survey and investigations and their analysis and
interpretation, traffic studies, demand forecast,
summary of proposed designs, costs and
environmental aspects, economic and financial
analysis and conclusions, maps, charts and diagrams
showing existing features and proposed
improvements and Environmental Impact
Assessment Report.
 Draft DPR (contd.)

Volume-II, Design Report

Contains design calculations with various features
of design standards
Part I, dealing with design of road features and
pavement composition and
Part II, dealing with design of bridges and cross
drainage structures.
Detailed sub-soil exploration report and its
interpretation is appended to the design report.
 Draft DPR (contd.)

Volume-III, Material Report

Contains details of proposed borrow areas,
quarries for construction materials and possible
sources of water shown on maps and charts ;
estimated quantities with mass haul diagram and
leads involved; details of sampling and testing
carried out with important index values; details of
sampling, testing and properties of sub grade soil;
soil profile along alignment; location of areas with
problematic soils and recommendations for its
improvement.
 Draft DPR (contd.)

Volume-IV Environmental Assessment Report

including Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).
Volume-V, Technical Specifications.
MORT&H specifications for Road and Bridge
Works are to be generally followed. This volume
will however, contain special technical
specifications not covered by it and also specific
quality control norms for the construction works.
 Draft DPR (cont’d)

Volume-VI, Rate Analysis

Volume-VII, Cost Estimates
Cost of each item of work along with a summary
of total cost.
Volume-VIII, Bill of Quantities
 Draft DPR (contd.)

Volume-IX, Drawings:
a) Horizontal alignment and longitudinal profile
b) Cross-sections at 50m interval.
c) Typical Cross-Sections with details of
pavement structure and scheme for future
widening of the carriageway.
d) Detailed Working Drawings for CDs.
 Draft DPR (contd.)

e) Detailed working drawings for bridges and

structures.
f) Detailed drawings for improvement of
intersections and interchanges.
g) Drawings for road signs, markings, toll plazas,
other buildings if any, bus bays, parking areas,rest
areas, weighing stations and other facilities.
 Draft DPR (contd.)

h) Schematic Diagrams indicating widening scheme,

location of median openings, intersections,
interchanges, underpasses, overpasses, bypasses,
service roads, traffic signs and signals, road
markings, safety features, toll plazas, parking
areas, weighing stations, bus bays and rest areas
etc
i) Drawings for toll plazas, parking areas, weighing
stations, bus bays and rest areas etc
 Draft DPR (contd.)
Volume-X, Bid Documents
Volume XI Project clearances
MOEF, Railways, Irrigation Departments etc to
be obtained by consultant and submitted.
 Final DPR
On receipt of comments from client, Draft
DPR is modified incorporating revisions
and final DPR is submitted by consultant.
 Output of DPR
• Schedule A Site of the Project
– Annex I Site
– Annex II Dates for providing ROW (max
150 days after the appointed date)
– Annex III Alignment Plans
– Annex IV Environment Clearances
• Schedule B Development of the Project
Highway
 Output of DPR
• Schedule B Development of the Project
Highway
– Annex I Description of Two Laning
• Schedule C Project Facility
• Schedule D Specification and Standards
Annex- I Manual of Specification and
Standards for Two laning of Highways
(IRC: SP: 73-2015)
 Output of DPR
• Schedule H Contract Price Weightages
The proportions of the contract price for
different stages of construction of the
project Highway shall be specified in this
schedule.

• Schedule I Drawings
• Schedule J Project Completion Schedule
 Objectives of Scrutiny
• To make sure of adequacy of
investigations.
• To Check the authenticity of the data.
• To verify the optimality of design and
estimation.
• To check the provisions made as per
the guidelines, codes and
specifications.
 Important Factors for Scrutiny

• Selection of Alignment.
• Land Availability.
• Traffic Volume.
• Soil Characteristics.
• Design and Specification.
• CD works.
• Drawings.
 Special Emphasis for Cost Effective Design

• Stabilization of Soil sub-grades.

❖ Lime Stabilization
❖ Cement Stabilization
❖ Any other Stabilization process like use of eco
friendly enzyme.
• Use of local materials and industrial waste
❖ Use of Marginal Aggregates.
❖ Use of Fly Ash.
❖ Use of Industrial Wastes.
 Scrutiny of DPR for EPC
projects
• Article 10 of EPC Agreement deals with
Design and Construction of works
• Design director to be appointed by
Contractor to be responsible for preparation
of Preliminary and detailed designs
• Proof check consultant to be appointed by
contractor with approval of AE
 Scrutiny of DPR contd.
• Drawings to be submitted to AE for review
• AE to convey its observation within 15 days
in general and within 30 days for Major
bridge or structure.
• If drawings are not in conformity,
Contractor to revise the drawings and
resubmit to AE
• AE to give its comment within 10 days
works
 Scrutiny of DPR contd.
• In case of non compliance AE may
withhold the payment for the affected
works
In case of dispute, the same shall be resolved
as per Dispute resolution procedure
 Estimates
• Original works –
– Road works
– Bridge works
– Improvement of Riding Quality
• Maintenance works –
- Periodic Renewal works
- Flood damage repairs
- Special repairs
- Ordinary repairs
 Estimates (contd.)
• Other centrally sponsored schemes (for state
roads) -
- Central road fund works
- Inter-state connectivity and economic
importance works (excl. rural roads)
 Cost Estimates – Centage Charges
Sl.No. Particulars Road Projects Bridge Projects
(per cent) (per cent)
1. Contingencies 2.8 2.8
2. Quality Control 1 1
3. Work Charge Establishment
a) For works upto Rs. 25 2 2
lakhs
b) For works Rs. 25-50 lakhs 1.75 1.5
c) For works above Rs. 50 1.50 1.0
lakhs
4. Agency Charges 9 9
 Original Estimates
• Estimated amount of work x
• Provision of contingencies @ 2.8% of x
• Cost of work C = x + contingencies
• Provision of work charge establishment =
1.5 % of C
• Provision of Q/C = 1% of C
• Provision of Agency charges = 9 % of C
• TOTAL COST = C+ w/c + Q/c + agency/c
 Centage charges for EPC projects
Cost of work Up to 25 > 25 crore > 50 crore > 100
crore upto 50 upto 100 crore
crore crore
Contingency 2.8 % 2.8 % 2.8 % 2.8 %
Agency 3% 3% 3% 3%
charges
Quality 1% 0.75 % 0.50 % 0.25 %
control
Road Safety 1% 0.75 % 0.50 % 0.25 %
Supervision 6% 5% 4% 3%
 GENERAL DEFICIENCIES

• Deficiencies in DPR may lead to :

• Change in the alignment
• New items of work not anticipated earlier
• Increase in quantity
• Increase in rates
• Time overrun
 General Deficiencies (cont’d)
• Major deficiencies resulting in revision of estimate:
o Faulty assessment of requirement of land
acquisition, utility shifting, tree cutting resulting
in delay in project and cost escalation
o Change in scope of work due to inadequate survey
and investigation and variations such as:
Change in alignment
Number of structures to be constructed/rehabilitated
Change in classification of soil and rock
HFL having not been reported properly necessitating
raising
 General Deficiencies (cont’d)
Incorrect ground level resulting in extra earth work
Inadequate soil investigation for ground improvement
Certain items of work not considered
Quantity of leveling course not estimated
o Not adopting current SOR
 Deficiencies in the Design
• Inadequate investigations.
• Failure to check correlations in the soil properties.
• Inaccurate estimation of Design Parameters.
• Non adherence to the provisions of Manuals for Pavement
Component Design.
• In adequate Geometric Design.
• Failure to identify cost aberrations in the components.
• Inappropriate location and design of CD Works.
• Provisions beyond permissible as per guidelines.
• Deficiency in checking the Schedule of Rates, Maintenance
Cost.
• Failure to investigate alternate designs for optimality.
Thank You